pets3阅读理解解析3
玛丽莲梦兔
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2020年07月28日 19:57
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relevant是什么意思-尘土的拼音
（三）释义题
1．题型特点
释义题主要考查考生对文章出现的个别词、词组或句子意思的理解。这种题型考查的词往往是考纲之外的，它不是考查考生的词汇量，而是考查考生根据上下文理解新单词、词组或领悟句子含义的能力。因为题干往往会指出所考单词或句子所在的段落，让我们根据上下文来理解
2．常见提问方式
The word/ phrase/ sentence “…” means__________.
…
3．解题指南
（1）充分利用上下文语境，大胆猜测，这是做释义题最常用的方法。还可以利用文章的信号词来猜测词义，比如 like, such as, for example等单词或短语后面给出的实例，都可以作为猜测语义的依据；
（2）如果猜测生词的意思，文中还可能会提供该词的定义，或者修饰性的定语、同位语等，从这些成分也能做出判断；
（3）利用文中给出的表示并列或者转折的关联词进行猜测，或者直接出现了它的同义词或者反义词，也要充分利用；
（4）当直接从文中推断词义比较困难时，我们还可以从选项着手，采用排除法。把选项放回到原文中进行检验，看一下哪一个在文中的意思讲得通。
4．实例分析（ 1）
By “I wish I were in your shoes.” （in the last paragraph） Bill Taylor meant that _______.
A. the writer was to fail.
B. the writer was stupid
C. he would do the same if possible
D. he would reject the writer’s request
解析：“be in one’s shoes”，从这个短语字面我们可以试着推测意思，“穿上某人的鞋”，可能就是“像某人一样，处于某人的境地”，再从上下文中，我们推测，老板对作者抱怨，现在他们报社的商业处境非常不利，那么对于作者的离职，老板说“:I wish I were in your shoes.”，那么可能的意思就是“我真希望我是你”，而实际上“be in one’s shoes”是固定短语，意思就是“处于某人的境地”，老板这句话的言外之意就是“假如他是作者，他也会那样做”所以选 C。
（四）主旨题
1．题型特点
主旨题是对文章内容的概括。文章的主旨体现一般有四类:一类是在文首,一类是在文中,一类是在文尾,还有一类没有明确主旨,需要根据内容总结。这类题主要考查大家对短文整体概括和理解的能力，所选择的答案也应该是能够概括全篇文章的主旨和内容。
正确选项特点：
(1) 不出现细节信息；
(2) 不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
干扰项特点：
（1）细节信息明显；
（2）比较笼统。
2．常见提问方式
Which of the following title might be the best title of the text?
Which is the best one
to describe the author’s purpose in the passage?
…
3．解题指南
（1）不管它出现在文章的什么位置,都作为最后一道题去做,因为做完其他题后会对主旨的理解有帮助；
（2）着重理解首末段及每段的首末句；
（3）主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾),要警惕文章前后段意思的转折；
（4）主旨题的判断标准: 段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句；作者有意识反复重复的观点通常是主旨；首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答一般就是文章主旨；提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。
4．实例分析 ( 2)
Every newborn baby is dealt a hand of cards which helps to determine how long he or she will be allowed to play the game of life. There are good cards, which help those who have them to a long and healthy existence, and while bad cards will bring those who have them terrible diseases like high blood pressure and heart disease. Occasionally, cards are dealt out that doom their holders to an early death. In the past, people never knew exactly which cards they had been dealt. They could guess at the future only by looking at the kind of health problems experienced by their parents or grandparents.
Genetic testing, which makes it possible to find dangerous genes, has changed all this. But, until recently, if you tested positive for a bad gene you were not obliged to reveal this to anyone else except in a few extreme circumstances. This month, however, Britain became the first country in the world to allow life insurers to ask for test results.
So far, approval has been given only for a test for a fatal brain disorder known as Huntington’s disease. But ten other tests (for seven diseases) are already in use and are awaiting similar approval.
The independent body that gives approval, the Department of Health’s genetics and insurance committee, does not have to decide whether the use of genetic information in insurance is ethical. It must judge only whether the tests are believable to insurers. In the case of Huntington’s disease the answer is clear-cut. People unlucky enough to have this gene will die early, and cost life insurers dearly.
This is only the start. Clear-cut genetic answers, where a gene is simply and directly related to a person’s risk of death, are uncommon. More usually, a group of genes is associated with the risk of developing a common disease, dependent on the presence of other genetic or environmental factors. But, as tests improve, it will become possible to predict whether or not a particular individual is at risk. In the next few years researchers will discover more and more about the functions of individual genes and what health risks—or benefits—are associated with them.
The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to_________.
A. indicate the way genetic testing works
B. show the power of one’s genetic makeup
C. introduce genetic testing and its function
D. reveal the influence of environment on genes
解析：做这道题时，首先看文章的首尾段来确定文章的大意。这篇文章的第一段带有比喻性的描述。我们在没有理解“card”这个词的意思之前，可以暂且把第二段的首句作为第一段的核心解释，也就是说，这段讲的是“Genetic testing, which makes it possible to find dangerous genes, has changed all this”基因测试可以找出存在的危险基因来改变人们的命运, 由此引入了 “genetic testing”的概念。到了文章的最后一段，最后一句话“In the next few years researchers will discover more and more about the functions of individual genes and what health risks—or benefits—are associated with them.”中的“will” 是带有作者倾向性的词语，讲的是“在未来几年，研究人员将会发现人类基因的更多的功能，以及他们可能携带的危害简况或有益健康的信息。”, 再回头看文章中间段的大意，明白全文讲的是genetic testing 的认证和功能。由此可见，正确答案是C