英语笔译二级精讲班第41讲讲义
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英语笔译二级精讲班第41讲讲义
Section1
2004年05英语二级《笔译实务》试题
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（60 point）
This section consists of two parts: Part A “Compulsory
Translation” and Part B “Optional Translations” which comprises
“Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in Part A and your
choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write “Compulsory
Translation” above your translation of Part A and write “Topic 1”
or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from Part B.
The time for this section is 100 minutes.
Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）
The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July
1969and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An
undertaking aslarge as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is
not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and
physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I
could sustain with pleasure; for instance, Ihad to put off
researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explai-n what
moved me to do so.
There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the
last20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical
to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more
to the study of in-dividuality. But the interested spectator is
hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the
image of man that science moulds. Asa mathematician trained in
physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky
chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a
debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields
of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the
debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay
it.
The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting
Corporation was to present the development of science in a series
of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on
Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium- for exposition in
several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the
spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described,
and conversational enough to make him
conscious that what he
witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of
these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most
with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the
form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general
and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of
man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and
idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that
unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest
cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the
development of science which joins them in more and more complex
conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are
made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and
charged with individuality. If television is not used to make
these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.
Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（30 points）
Topic 1 （选题一）
It’s not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of
scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part of us
wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at
least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we don’t want him
to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act
of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twist
into conceit. We don’t want him back on the court because no one
likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun.
But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 years of
optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a
decision about returning to the NBA in September, we got excited.
He had said the day before, “I look forward to playing, and
hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision.
It’s O.K., to have some doubt, and it’s O.K. to have some
nervousness.” A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1,
saying they would like him on the court ASAP. And only 21 percent
thought that if he came back and just completely bombed, it would
damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should
retire at their peak.
Sources close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked
about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan
co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted advisers privately
tried to discourage him. “But they
say if they try to stop him, it
will only firm up his resolve,” says an NBA source.
The problem with Jordan’s return is not only that he can’t
possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998 —
earning his sixth ring with a last-second championship-winning
shot. The problem is that the motives for coming back — needing
the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-old body does
not — violate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute
control. Babe Ruth, the 20th century’s first star, was a gust of
fat bravado and drunken talent, while Jordan ended the century by
proving the elegance of resolve; Babe’s pointing to the bleachers
replaced by the charm of a backpedaling shoulder shrug. Jordan
symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics,
his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be
a fan of classiness and confidence.
To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards won’t
get him anywhere near the second round of the play-offs, when he
knows that he won’t be the league scoring leader, that’s a loss of
control.
Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he
takes articles that tell him not to come back and tacks them all
on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing
something telling him not to come back? He is still Michael
Jordan.
Topic 2 （选题二）
Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too
grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I
was the best daughter. Didn’t I run all the way up to the terrace
to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked?
As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even
better, more loving daughter. Didn’t I drop whatever I was doing
each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices
my mother had run out of?
My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving
to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she
threatened to pack me off to my second uncle’s home in provincial
Barddhaman — a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like
me — if my grades didn’t improve. Other days she would sit me down
and tell me about “Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families”.
There were apparently, a million ways in which one could do this,
and my mother was dete
rmined that I should be cautioned against
every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I
wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair,
and her favorite phrase was “over my dead body.” It was clear that
I loved her far more than she loved me — that is, if she loved me
at all.
After I finished graduate school in America and got married,
my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though
occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall
she thought I’d shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We
established a rhythm: She’d write from India and give me all the
gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango
pickle; I’d call her from the United States and tell her all the
things I’d been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla
pudding, for which she’d developed a great fondness. We loved each
other equally — or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was
born.
My son’s birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult
existence in ways I hadn’t imagined. I went through six weeks of
being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my
husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the
night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I
was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love — what was that
all about?
Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand
grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This
little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things
progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, I’d moved the
extra bed into the baby’s room and was spending many nights on it,
bonding with my son.
英译汉：
Part A.
这段文字类似于我们经常读到的“著作者言”之类的文字，是文字的作者对自己所从事的某项重要项目的来龙去脉以及它的重要意义的总结。一般而言，这类文字有点难，这是因为作者在讲述中总是针对informed
readers。
就具体翻译而言，我们在此只提到两个句子：
1、As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of
individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet
how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that
science moulds.
我们不妨这样翻译：“然而，相关的
观察者基本都没有意识到科学研究的这一种转变，对科学塑造的人的形象……”。
2、The invitation to me from the BBC was to present the development
of science in a series of television programmes to match those of
Lord Clark on Civilization: 原文中的invitation to
me，在翻译中我们将其翻译成动词，BBC“邀请我通过一套电视节目来表现科学的发展过程……”
参考译文
Section 1: 英译汉 （60分）
Part A （必译题）（30分）
《人类的进程》一书的提纲初稿是1969年7月完成的，影片的最后一部分是在1972年12月拍摄的。
像这样大的一个项目，虽然异常精彩，令人激动，却并不是轻易上马的。它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力，专心致志地投入工作。我必须确保持之以恒，并从中得到乐趣；比方说，我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作；我还应当说明一下，究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。
二十年来，科学的发展趋势发生了深刻的变化：关注的焦点已经从自然科转移到生命科学。结果，便把科学越来越吸引到个体特征的研究上来。然而感兴趣的旁观者几乎没有意识到此事对于改变科学塑造的人的形象产生了多么深远的影响。我是一个研究数学的人，以前学过物理学，若不是中年有幸有几次机会涉足生命科学，我也不会有所认识。我应当感谢我交的好运，是它使我在一生中参与了两个启发性的科学领域。尽管我并不知道应该向谁表示感谢，我编写了《人类的进程》一书，以表示我的感激之情。
英国广播公司邀请我做的是通过一套电视节目来表现科学的发展过程，以与克拉克勋爵制作的关于文明的电视节目相匹配。通过电视来进行解说有几大好处：它有力、直观，能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程，它的语言亲切，能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而不是事件。这些优点之中，我认为最后一点最为突出，它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从个人的角度来讲述各种思想的发展史。重要的是知识总体，尤其是科学知识不是由抽象的思想构成的，而是由人的思想构成的，自有知识开始直到现代千奇百怪的模式莫不是如此。所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想，必须表现出它们很早就已产生，而且是产生在人类最淳朴的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。同时还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类的贡献：种种发现都是人的产物，而不仅仅是
头脑的产物，因此它们都是有生气的，而且具有个人的特色。如果电视未能把这些思想表现得很具体，那岂不是浪费！
Part B 二选一题 （30分）
选题一
[参考译文]
不是因为我们害怕看到他会因失误而给他辉煌的生涯画上遗憾的一笔。从善意的角度说，我们想让迈克知道，我们仍然欣赏他，至少在我们的记忆中，他仍然是英雄。事实上，我们不想让他重返球场，即使他是迈克尔•乔丹。我们觉得这是个贸然之举，我们不想看到自信的商标蜕变成一种自负的象征。我们不想让他重返球场，因为没有人喜欢卖弄。失误呢？那将会很有趣。
但是我们是有着225年乐观历史的美国人，我们都是好心人。当乔丹几天前宣布他将在九月重返NBA时，我们曾为之一振。宣布的前一天，他说过：“我盼望能打球，并希望事情能如愿以偿。有些人怀疑，有些人紧张，都属正常。”《时代》周刊和美国有线新闻网上周做的一项民意调查表明，每两个美国人当中就有一个人希望乔丹尽快重返赛场。只有21%的人们认为，如果他的重返导致一场彻底失败，将会损害他的传奇。事实上只有28%的人认为运动员应该在他的运动巅峰时期引退。
与乔丹关系密切的人告诉《时代》周刊，当乔丹第一次谈到重返它与其他人共同拥有的华盛顿奇才队并为之效力时，一些他最信任的顾问试图私下打消他的愿望。“但他们说，如果试图阻止他，只能鉴定他的决心，”一位NBA人士如是说。
乔丹复出所产生的问题不仅仅在于他不可能重现1998年的神话，那一年，他以一个精彩的最后一秒投篮，使球队赢得了冠军，也为自己赢得了第六只金指环。问题是他重返的动机——他需要人们的关注，需要在38岁体力不支时，仍然打球。这一切都有悖于他所创造的神话——一个展示绝对控制力的神话。如果说二十世纪的第一个球星巴比•鲁斯是一个身材魁梧肥胖的鲁莽之夫和酒鬼天才，乔丹则证明了刚毅所能带来的优雅风度，并以此结束了二十世纪。巴比对观众的颐指气使被乔丹无奈耸肩的魅力所取代。乔丹代表着成功，因为他的名字没有被他的政治倾向、他的观点或是他的超级明星个性所玷污。乔丹迷就是典雅和自信迷。
明明知道加盟奇才队他将不可能进入联赛第二轮赛事，明明知道他将与联赛最佳投手无缘，他的重返赛场就是一种失控。
乔丹并不在乎我们在想什么。他的朋友说：他把所有奉劝他不要复出的文章都贴
在冰箱上作为激励。那么，我们为什么还要喋喋不休地告诉他不要复出呢？他依然是迈克尔•乔丹。
选题二
[参考译文]
即使我长大些，不再适合做这样的游戏，不再对母亲说我爱她，我仍然相信自己是世上最好的女儿。难道不是吗？每当母亲吩咐，我不是总一路跑着到阳台去查看晒在那儿的腌芒果？
当我步入少年，我好像变成了一个更乖更可爱的女儿。难道不是吗？每天下午，当妈妈需要新的调料，我不是总放下手头的工作去街角的杂货店帮她买？
另一方面，我的母亲对我的爱却好像越来越少。有时她活像个巫婆，因为她威胁如果我的学习成绩还没有起色，就要把我送到远在巴哈马乡下的二叔家——这对于像我这样心高气奥德加尔各答女孩而言，将是比死亡更悲惨的命运。有时她又会让我坐着听她讲有关“带给家庭耻辱的女孩”的故事。显然一个人会面对许多变坏的可能，因此母亲决心让我对每个可能都保持警惕。基本上，她对我想做的每一件事都持反对意见，从去美国学习到烫头发。她的口头禅是“除非我死了”。很明显，我对母亲的爱远远超过了她对我的爱——如果她爱我的话。
当我结束了在美国的研究生学习并结了婚，我和母亲的关系改善了许多。虽然偶尔她还对我的当作家的选择表示怀疑，但总的来说她认为我做的事情还算不错。对于她我也这样认为。我们之间建立起一种循环：她从印度写信给我，告诉我各种趣闻，并寄来我最喜欢的腌芒果；我从美国打电话给她，告诉她我都忙了些什么事情，并寄去她最喜欢的香草布丁。我们的爱是对等的——至少在我的儿子阿南德出生前，我是这样认为的。
儿子的降生一下子打乱了我的平静、规律、有秩序的生活，使我措手不及。出院后的六周里，我一直被产后抑郁症的阴影包围着。
当夜里我和我的丈夫抱着哭闹不止的儿子，走来走去哄他睡觉，我开始认真考虑是否要“撤退”。我怀疑自己是否适合做母亲。母爱——究竟是什么？
有一天清晨，我在为阿南德换尿布，他突然咧开没有牙的嘴，冲我笑起来。那一刻我在想，这个褐色的瘦弱的小东西毕竟还是很可爱的。之后事情就进展得很顺利了。不知不觉之间，我已在婴儿室里添了一张床并在很多天晚上睡在那儿，陪着我心爱的宝贝。
Section2
Section 2: Chinese- English Translation（汉译英）（40 point）
This section c
onsists of two parts: Part A “Compulsory
Translation” and Part B “Optional Translations” which comprises
“Topic 1” and “Topic 2”.Translation the passage in Part A and your
choice from passage in Part B into English. Write “Compulsory
Translation” above your translation of Part A and write “Topic 1”
or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from Part B.
The time for this section is 80 minutes.
Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）
奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。体育的目的在于追求人类身心全面发展，并在此基础上促进社会的发展和进步。
现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦（Pieere de
Coubertin）认为体育是全人类的一项伟大事业。他将奥林匹克运动的目标设定为促进不同国家、不同文化之间的相互理解，从而促进和维护世界和平，推进人类文明。这一理想使奥林匹克运动得以经百年而不衰。作为全世界奥林匹克大家庭成员的一个盛大聚会，奥林匹克运动已经成为促进世界和平、进步与发展的一只重要社会力量。
Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（20 points）
Topic 1（选题一）
近年来，中国经济保持快速发展，为世界经济发展注入了活力。实践证明了中国在加入世贸组织之前的预言：中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展需要中国。未来
20
年，在全面建设小康社会的进程中，中国一定会对世界经济的发展和实现全人类的共同进步做出历史性的贡献。为此，中国将继续扩大外贸，大力实施西部大开发战略，进一步改善投资环境，为外商提供更大的商机。同时，中国将引导和支持更多有比较优势的企业对外投资，开展平等互利、形式多样的经济技术合作。中国将进一步加强双边、多边和区域经济合作，实现世界各国各地区的共同发展。
Topic 2 （选题二）
移动电话正在成为 21
世纪一个主要的技术领域。在几年之内，移动电话将会发展成为多功能的通信工具，除了语音之外，还可以传输和接收视频信号、静止图像、数据和文本。个人通信的新纪元即将到来。
在一定程度上多亏了无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久之后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接。人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种手机也许还会吸收电脑
的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望带来一些互联网所能提供的新服务，如股票交易、购物及预订戏票和飞机票。
电信革命已在全球范围内展开。不久之后，用一台装置就可以收到几乎任何形式的电子通信信号。最有可能的是一部三合一手机。在家里它可以用作无绳电话，在路上用作移动电话，在办公室里用作内部通话装置。有些专家甚至认为移动视像电话将超过电视，成为主要的视频信息来源。
汉译英：
“他将奥林匹克运动的目标设定为促进不同国家、不同文化之间的相互理解，从而促进和维护世界和平，推进人类文明”：这句话的翻译中我们应该考虑这句的话里重要的是顾拜旦这个人，还是他提出的奥林匹克的目标——显然，他所定义的目标是更重要的，而不是他这个人。所以我们最好翻译成：“The
goal of the Olympic Movement defined by him is to promote…
maintain… and advance…”。
[参考译文]
Section 2: 汉译英 （40分）
Part A （必译题）（20分）
[参考译文]
The vitality and special appeal of the Olympic Games lie in the
Olympic spirit, which is the soul of the soul of the Games. The
goal of sports is to pursue comprehensive physical and mental
development and, on the basis of this, to accelerate social
progress. Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympiad,
considered sports a great undertaking of humanity. The goal of the
Olympic Movement defined by him is to promote undertaking among
different countries and cultures, maintain world peace and advance
human civilization. This ideal has enabled the Olympic Games to
thrive for more than a century. The Olympic Games have been a
grand gathering of members of the Olympic family throughout the
world, and the Olympic Movement has become a major social force to
promote world peace, progress and development.
Part B 二选一题 （30分）
选题一
[参考译文]
In recent years, China’s economy has maintained rapid development,
injecting vigor into global economic growth. Facts have confirmed
the prediction made by China before its WTO accession: China’s
development cannot be sustained without the world, and world
development needs China. In the coming 20 years, China is bound to
make historic contributions to global economic development and to
the common progress of mankind, w
hile building a well-off society
in an all-round way. To achieve this, China will continue to
expand foreign trade, energetically implement its west development
strategy, further improve its investment environment, and provide
overseas investors with greater business opportunities. Meanwhile,
it will guide and support competitive enterprises to invest
overseas and carry out diverse forms of economic and technological
cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. China
will further intensify bilateral, multilateral and regional
economic cooperation, so as to achieve common development in all
countries and regions in the world.
选题二
[参考译文]
The cell phone is becoming one of the major technologies of the
21st century. Within a few years, it will become a
multi-functional communicator of transmitting and receiving not
only sound, but also video, still images, data and text. A new era
of personal communication is on the way.
Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone
is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon
light-weight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens will be
connected to satellites. People can talk, send and receive e-mail,
or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones
might also absorb many of the key functions of computers. Mobile
devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new services that
are available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, shopping
and booking theater and airline tickets.
The telecommunication revolution is developing around the globe.
It will soon be possible to receive almost all forms of electronic
communication through a single device. A three-in-one phone is
most likely. It can serve as a cordless at home, a cell phone on
the road and an intercom at work. Some experts even suggest that
cell videophones could overtake television as the major source of
visual information.