水果英文介绍大全
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The apple is a tree and its pomaceous fruit, of the species Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. It is a small deciduous tree reaching 5-12 m tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple oval with an acute tip and serrated margin, slightly downy below, 5-12 cm long and 3-6 cm broad on a 2-5 cm petiole. The flowers are produced in spring with the leaves, white, usually tinged pink at first, 2.5-3.5 cm diameter, with five petals. The fruit matures in Autumn, and is typically 5-8 cm diameter (rarely up to 15 cm).
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Apple tree in flower
Botanical origins
Wild Malus sieversii apple in KazakhstanThe wild ancestor of Malus domestica is Malus sieversii. It has no common name in English, but is known where it is native as "alma"; in fact, one major city in the region where it is thought to originate is called Alma-Ata, or "father of the apples". This tree is still found wild in the mountains of Central Asia in southern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Xinjiang, China.
For many years, there was a debate about whether M. domestica evolved from chance hybridization among various wild species. Recent DNA analysis by Barrie Juniper, Emeritus Fellow in the Department of Plant Sciences at Oxford University and others, has indicated, however, that the hybridisation theory is probably false. Instead, it appears that a single species still growing in the Ili Valley on the northern slopes of the Tien Shan mountains at the border of northwest China and the former Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan is the progenitor of the apples we eat today. Leaves taken from trees in this area were analyzed for DNA composition, which showed them all to belong to the species M. sieversii, with some genetic sequences common to M. domestica.
Some individual M. sieversii, recently planted by the US government at a research facility, resist many diseases and pests that affect domestic apples, and are the subject of continuing research to develop new disease-resistant apples.
Other species that were previously thought to have made contributions to the genome of the domestic apples are Malus baccata and Malus sylvestris, but there is no hard evidence for this in older apple cultivars. These and other Malus species have been used in some recent breeding programmes to develop apples suitable for growing in climates unsuitable for M. domestica, mainly for increased cold tolerance.
Apple cut horizontally, showing seedsThe apple tree was probably the earliest tree to be cultivated, and apples have remained an important food in all cooler climates. To a greater degree than other tree fruit, except possibly citrus, ap
ples store for months while still retaining much of their nutritive value. Winter apples, picked in late autumn and stored just above freezing, have been an important food in Asia and Europe for millennia, as well as in Argentina and in the United States since the arrival of Europeans.
The word apple comes from the Old English word aeppel, which in turn has recognisable cognates in a number of the northern branches of the Indo-European language family. The prevailing theory is that "apple" may be one of the most ancient Indo-European words (*abl-) to come down to English in a recognisable form. The scientific name malus, on the other hand, comes from the Latin word for apple, and ultimately from the archaic Greek mālon (mēlon in later dialects). The legendary placename Avalon is thought to come from a Celtic evolution of the same root as the English "apple"; the name of the town of Avellino, near Naples in Italy is likewise thought to come from the same root via the Italic languages.
橘子:
Orange—specifically, sweet orange—refers to the citrus tree Citrus sinensis and its fruit. The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and tangerine (Citrus reticulata). It is a small tree, growing to about 10 m tall, with thorny shoots and evergreen leaves 4-10 cm long. Oranges originated in southeast Asia, in either India or modern day Pakistan, Vietnam or southern China. The fruit of Citrus sinensis is called sweet orange to distinguish it from Citrus aurantium, the bitter orange.
Oranges are widely grown in warm climates worldwide, and the flavors of orange vary from sweet to sour. The fruit is commonly peeled and eaten fresh, or squeezed for its juice. It has a thick bitter rind that is usually discarded, but can be processed into animal feed by removing water using pressure and heat. It is also used in certain recipes as flavoring or a garnish. The outer-most layer of the rind is grated or thinly veneered with a tool called a zester, to produce orange zest, popular in cooking because it has a flavor similar to the fleshy inner part of the orange. The white part of the rind, called the pericarp or pith, is a source of pectin.
桃子：
The Peach (Prunus persica) is a tree native to China that bears a juicy fruit of the same name. It is a small deciduous tree growing to 5–10 m tall. The leaves are lanceolate, 7–15 cm long and 2–3 cm broad. The flowers are produced in early spring before the leaves; they are solitary or paired, 2.5–3 cm diameter, pink, with five petals. The fruit is a drupe, with a single large seed encased in hard wood (called the "stone" or "pit"), yellow or whitish flesh, a delicate aroma, and a velvety skin. Peaches, along with cherries, plums and apricots, are stone fruits (drupes).
The scientific name persica derives from an early European belief that peaches were native to Persia (now Iran). The modern botanical consensus is that they originate in China, a
nd were introduced to Persia and the Mediterranean region along the Silk Road in early historical times, probably by about 2000 BC (Huxley et al. 1992).
Cultivated peaches are divided into "freestone" and "clingstone" cultivars, depending on whether the flesh sticks to the stone or not; both kinds can have either white or yellow flesh. Peaches with white flesh typically are very sweet with little acidity, while yellow-fleshed peaches typically have an acidic tang coupled with sweetness, though this also varies greatly. Both colours often have some red on their skin. Low-acid white-fleshed peaches are the most popular kinds in China, Japan, and neighbouring Asian countries, while Europeans and North Americans have historically favoured the acidic, yellow-fleshed kinds.
葡萄：
Grapes are the fruit that grow on a woody grape vine. The grapevine belongs to the family Vitaceae. Grapes grow in clusters of 6 to 300, and can be black, blue, golden, green, purple-red and white. They can be eaten raw or used for making grape juice, jelly, wine, and grape seed oil. Raisins are the dried fruit of the grapevine, and the name actually comes from the French word for "grape". Wild grapevines are often considered a nuisance weed, as they cover other plants with their usually rather aggressive growth.
香蕉：
A banana plant is a herb in the genus, Musa, which because of its size and structure, is often mistaken for a tree. It is cultivated for its fruit, which also bears the same name. Bananas are of the Family Musaceae and closely related to plantains. Globally, bananas rank fourth after rice, wheat and maize in human consumption; they are grown in 130 countries worldwide, more than for any other fruit crop. Bananas are native to tropical southeastern Asia.
The main or upright growth is called a pseudostem, which when mature will obtain a height of 2–8 m (varies by cultivar), with leaves of up to 3.5 m in length. Each pseudostem produces a single bunch of bananas, before dying and being replaced by a new pseudostem. The base of the plant is a rhizome (known as a corm). Corms are perennial, with a productive lifespan of 15 years or more.
The term banana is applied to both the plant and its elongated fruit (technically a false berry) which grow in hanging clusters, with up to 20 fruit to a tier (called a hand), and 5-20 tiers to a bunch. The total of the dangling clusters is known as a bunch, or commercially as a "banana stem", and can weigh from 30–50 kg. The fruit averages 125g, of which approximately 75% is water and 25% dry matter content. Bananas are a valuable source of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and potassium.
38回答者： 小玉宝贝 - 七级 2006-5-10 18:29
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其他回答 共 4 条
检举 1)Apple:
Apples have a rounded shape with a depression at the top where the stem is attached. Some apples are almost perfectly round, while others are more rounded at the top and narrower at the bottom. In addition, some have knobby lobes at the calyx end (bottom) of the fruit. Apple fruits are firm and the skin is shiny and smooth. The color of the skin can be red, green, yellow, or a combination of those colors. The flesh is white or ivory.
2)Pear
Pyrus communis
Family: Rosaceae
Description & storage
Pear: sweet juicy yellow or green fruit with a rounded shape that becomes narrower towards the stalk.
Pears are picked when they are almost ripe. The fruit has to come off if you lift the fruit vertically.
The late races can be kept for months at a dark place.
Pears ripen best at room temperature. If you want too keep them a few days you have to keep them in a dark and cold place.
Tree
A pear tree can grow upto 20 m. high. Therefore most pears are grafted on a quince stem so they stay smaller.
Short histotory
Pears are original from Europe and Asia. The first cultivated races were selected from the wild varieties in the prehistoric ages. The Romans knew in the beginning 6 cultivated sorts and later mention 56 races. A late medieval Italian list mentions 232 varieties.
Around 1640 in England only 60 varieties were known. In 1842 more than 700.
In 1860 the American author T.W. Fields mentions 850 races.
This fast increase of pear cultivars during the late 18th century can be ascribed to a few French and Belgian cultivators.
Types and family
Quince:
A quince is a pear like fruit that only can be eaten cooked. The dictionary describes it as the following - a nice smelling fruit that grows on trees that grow upto 6 m. high.
Quinces are a very old fruittype that are originally from Persia. Quinces are not consumed raw but are used for Marmelo which is stil very popular in Spain and Por
tugal. This marmelo has been the example for the marmelade we make out of citrusfruit today.
Use
Normal pears are mostly eaten raw and taste great in desserts, the small cooking pears are always cooked and eaten as a vegetable or dessert and quinces are mostly processed to a kind of marmelade.
Other peculiar characteristics
Pears contain much kalium and riboflavine;
Pears are good for the skin and contain plenty of fibers;
5-a-day-tips:
- have fresh ripe pears as a side dish with dinner.
- Vanilla ice-cream with pears, chocolate sauce and cream.
Nutrition Facts
Selection
Recipes
Acidity
3)Orange
Oranges are oval to sphere-shaped fruits with leathery, porous skin. Their color ranges from orange to red-orange. Oranges may be confused with other citrus fruits, such as grapefruits and tangerines. However, grapefruits are usually much larger and more yellow than oranges, and tangerines have a more flattened sphere shape than oranges.
4)Watermelon
Watermelon fruit is very large, smooth, and oval to round. The skin can be solid green or green striped with edible flesh is usually pink with many flat, oval, black seeds throughout. Seedless varieties also exist, as well as types with orange, yellow, or white flesh.
5)Strawberry
Strawberry fruits are aggregates made up of several small fruits, each with one seed called an achene. The flesh of the strawberry is actually an enlarged receptacle, non-reproductive material.
回答者： AsIwish1216 - 二级 2006-5-10 18:38
检举 apple banana pear watermelon grape
回答者： zjyhllc - 一级 2006-5-10 18:38
检举 /fruits_and_
Michigan Apples Enter Mexico
The Michigan Rome Beauty will be exported to Mexico this year.
Michigan apples are heading to Mexico for the third year in a row. This year, the Rome Beauty variety will make its first appearance in the Mexican market. Rome Beauties are currently being sent south of the border by Michigan Fresh Marketing of Belding.
The apples selling best in the Mexican market tend to be sweet apples which are also similar in the size, shape and overall appearance to Mexican apples. Two-thirds of the Michigan apples exported are going to Latin American countries.
At the end of the month representatives of the Michigan apple industry will also be visiting the Mexican markets to observe the placement and sales of Michigan apples.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An Apple A Day
More information regarding the health benefits of apples as a part of a balanced diet is now at your fingertips. In the consumer section of the Michigan Apple Committee website the health page lists various health issues and includes additional information and health studies.
Apples are not only a good source of fiber, they are also high in antioxidants. Visit the health page and discover what ap
ples can do for you!
I know something about apple.I like apple very much, because first it is very beautiful. It is red and round. You can not help eating it when you see it; second, it is very sweet. It is rally a kind of enjoyment when you taste it; third, it is said that apple is very good for your health. There is a proverb said ‘ one apple a day, keeps doctor away. It means that if you have one apple everyday, you won’t get any disease. Amazing! Right? You see, apple is not just a ordinary fruit. It can also keep you away from disease, so there is no reason to refuse such good fruit. Try it and enjoy it!
tremella银耳
cherry樱桃
coconut椰子
grape葡萄
grapefruit西柚
kiwi fruit猕猴桃
lemon柠檬
longan龙眼
lychee荔枝
mango芒果
mangosteen山竹
mandarin orange柑橘
olive橄榄
peach桃
pear梨
plum李子
Hami melon哈密瓜
melon甜瓜
papaya木瓜
honeydew melon蜜瓜
pineapple菠萝
sugarcane甘蔗
strawberry草莓
apple苹果
banana香蕉
watermelon 西瓜
grape 葡萄
柚子 pomelo 山楂 haw / hawthorn
油桃 nectarine 石榴 pomegranate
柑子 tangerine 柿子 persimmon
榛子 hazelnut 越桔 bilberry
红橙 blood orange 腰果 cashew
葡萄柚 grapefruit 猕猴桃 kiwi fruit
可可豆 cocoanut 葡萄干 currant
番木瓜 papaya, papaw 番石榴 guava
无花果 fig 杏仁 almond
杏 apricot 欧查果medlar
开心果，阿月浑子pistachio
waxberry杨梅coconut椰子
carambola 杨桃cherry 樱桃pineapple 凤梨
watermelon 西瓜
betelnut 槟榔
chestnut 栗子
coconut 椰子
ponkan 碰柑
mandarin orange 橘
sugar-cane 甘蔗
muskmelon 香瓜
shaddock 文旦
juice peach 水蜜桃
carambola 杨桃
cherry 樱桃
persimmon 柿子
water caltrop 菱角
almond 杏仁
plum 李子
honey-dew melon 哈密瓜
loquat 枇杷
olive 橄榄
rambutan 红毛丹
durian 榴梿
grapefruit 葡萄柚
longan 龙眼
wax-apple 莲雾
guava 番石榴
pepper 胡椒
hot pepper; chilli 辣椒
sweet pepper; bell pepper; pimiento; capsicum 甜椒, 柿子椒
tomato 番茄,西红柿
asparagus 芦笋
cucumber 黄瓜
aubergine, eggplant 茄子
bean 菜豆
beet, beetroot 甜菜
potato 马铃薯
carrot 胡萝卜
cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜
pumpkin 西葫芦
broad bean 蚕豆
cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜
garlic 蒜
chive 细香葱
fennel 茴香
cos lettuce 莴苣
marrow 嫩葫芦
melon 香瓜,甜瓜
celery 芹菜
onion 韭
leek 韭菜
radish 萝卜
tarragon 狭叶青蒿
thyme 百里香
mushroom 蘑菇
artichoke 洋蓟
broccoli, brocoli 硬花甘蓝
Brussels sprouts 芽甘蓝
caper 刺山柑,老鼠瓜
cardoon 刺菜蓟
chervil 雪维菜,细叶芹
chick-pea 鹰嘴豆
chicory 苣荬菜
cress 水田芥
cumin, cummin 孜然芹,枯茗
dandelion 蒲公英
French bean 法国菜豆
gherkin 嫩黄瓜
horseradish 辣根
Jerusalem artichoke 洋姜,鬼子姜
kale 无头甘蓝
kohlrabi 甘蓝
laurel 月桂
lentil 兵豆
lettuce 莴苣
lupin 羽扇豆 (美作:lupine)
parsley 欧芹
parsnip 欧防风
pea 豌豆
rhubarb 大黄
salsify 婆罗门参
sorrel 掌叶大黄
truffle 块菌
turnip 芜菁
watercress 豆瓣菜