过去分词
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2020年07月29日 22:55
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一、过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其它成分隔开。
1. 作时间状语时，可转换为when或while等引导的从句，通常放在句首。如：
Seen from the top of the hill (= When it is seen from the top of the hill), the school looks like a big garden.
2. 作条件状语时，可转换为once, if或unless等引导的从句，一般放在句首。如：
Given more attention (= If it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided.
3. 作原因状语时，可转换为because, as或since等引导的从句，多放在句首。如：
Encouraged (= As she was encouraged) by the teacher, the girl was very happy.
4. 作让步状语时，可转换为though, although 或even if引导的从句，常放在句首。如：
Left (= Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
5. 作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。如：
Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. (= The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab.)
6. 过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等。如：
When given a physical examination, you should keep calm.
二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别就在于两者与所修饰的主语在逻辑上是主动还是被动关系。
1. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词表示的动作与主语之间在逻辑上是主动关系。如：
Not knowing what to do, he asked his good friend for help.
2. 过去分词作状语时，主语是过去分词动作的承受者，它们之间是被动关系。如：
Given more attention, the flowers could have grown better.
【真题再现】
1. the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西)
A. Giving B. Having given
C. To give D. Given
解析：D。 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training, 可知主语these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
2. by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. (2009天津)
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
解析：C。考查过去分词作原因状语的用法。
【小试牛刀】
一、单项填空。
1. This new cellphone, if carefully, will work for at least five years.
A. use B. using
C. to use D. used
2. to make a speech on how to learn English, the boy
said he would be very glad to.
A. When asked B. When asking
C. To be asked D. When he was asking
3. When , the parking lot will be the largest one in the city.
A. to complete B. completed
C. being completed D. to be completed
4. another chance, I am sure that I’ll do the job much better.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
5. from the tallest building, the people and the cars on the street look very small.
A. Seeing B. Seen
C. Saw D. To see
6. in deep thought, his head hit against a tree.
A. Lost B. To lose
C. Losing D. When losing
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (tell) that his mother was ill, Li Ming hurried home quickly.
2. (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in front of his classmates.
3. (give) a few minutes, I’ll finish the experiment.
4. (compare) with Susan, you still have a long way to go.
Key: 一、1- 6 DABDBA
二、1. Told 2. Satisfied 3. Given 4. Compared
【知识归纳】
一、过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语时，如果是一个单词，经常放在其所修饰的名词之前。如：
You must finish the work within the given time.
2. 过去分词短语作定语时，一般放在其所修饰的名词之后。如：
He is reading a novel written by Mark Twain.
二、过去分词作表语
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，既表示被动，又表示完成。如：
Joe’s tea cup is broken.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，只表示动作的完成。如：
They are gone for vacation.
3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。如：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。(过去分词作表语表状态)
The window was broken by Tom. 窗户被汤姆打破了。(被动语态强调动作)
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，句子的谓语动词通常是感官动词和使役动词。
1. 常见的感官动词有see, watch, observe, hear, feel, notice, think等。如：
I noticed him carried away by the police. 我看到他被警察带走了。
2. 常见的使役动词有have, make, get, keep, leave等。如：
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人把机器修好了。
【真题再现】
1. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps from the library. (2010全国I).
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
解析：C。 borrow和maps是被动关系，表示被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done
表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示动作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，故选C。
2. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
(2010上海).
A. amused B. amusing
C. to amuse D. to be amused
解析：A。过去分词amused 在句中作宾语补足语。
3. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.
(2009四川).
A. seated B. seating
C. to seat D. seat
解析：A。本题考查过去分词作表语。
【小试牛刀】
一、单项填空。
1. Here’s some water. Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.
A. to boil B. having boiled
C. boiled D. boiling
2. The book, first in 1985, is very popular with people.
A. published B. was published
C. having published D. having been published
3. — How did Jack do in the exam this time?
— Well, his teacher seems with his results.
A. pleasing B. please
C. pleased D. to please
4. It is said that they are going to talk about the problem at the last meeting.
A. discussed B. discussing
C. being discussed D. having discussed
5. He managed to make himself at the meeting yesterday.
A. understanding B. to understand
C. understood D. to be understood
6. The thief was brought out of the hall by a policeman, with his hands behind his back.
A. to tie B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
二、完成句子。
1. 所有的门都是锁着的。
All the doors .
2. 孩子们看起来很迷惑。
The children .
3. 那个受伤的士兵躺在地上，不能动弹。
The lay on the ground, unable to move.
4. 穿红衣服的女孩是我女儿。
The girl is my daughter.
5. 我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
I heard in English.
6. 当他到达办公室时，发现一切都布置得井井有条。
When he came to the office, he found in good order.
7. 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When will you go to the hospital and ?
8. 不要碰那个杯子。它是坏的。
Don’t touch the glass because it is .
Key：一、1-6 CACACD
二、1. are locked 2. looked puzzled 3. wounded soldier
4. dressed in red
5. the song sung 6. everything arranged
7. have your teeth examined 8. broken