翻译练习

玛丽莲梦兔
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2020年07月29日 22:57
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单句-迁怒

例1. ____________(将领你们去参观我们的新车间)by the secretary.
精讲:如果这句话不是划线填内容,你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因为题型是补全句子,这就给翻译带来了一定的难度,你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分:by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征,“秘书”在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以,题目是暗示我们要把原句中“你们”转换成译句里的主语,这样才符合出题要求。

例2. You __________(我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动)this time.
精讲:根据题目可推知全句意思是:我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是:我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头,也就是说“你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动”。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语,这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是:You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.
2)当汉语句以“我们”、“人们”、“大家”等泛指性代词作主语时,在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译,并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有 know,see,find,say,suppose,estimate,report,suggest,stress,consider, expect,admit,point,understand 等动词。

例3. 如果原子失去一个或多个电子,我们就说这个原子带正电荷。
精讲:这句话是一个条件从句。即:在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下,这个电子带正电荷。“我们就说这个原子带正电荷”可理解为“这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷”。那么根据前面所说的原则,我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语“我们”省略不译,并使用被动语态。
从这个例子里我们还可以看出,在科技文章中,根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态,以强调事物的客观性。

例4. 人们采用各种措施来防止腐蚀。
精讲:这句话可以按原文译成主动态,即:People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被动语态来翻译——All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。两者比较而言,被动态译文更突出表明所有、种种措施已经付诸实施,all kinds of measures得到强调,而主动态译法只是平铺直叙,重点不突出。
此外,汉语句子中有“据说”、“据了解”、“据报道”、“据估计”、“据传言”等词语时,可以酌情译成相应的英语被动句,如:It is supposed that(据推测……),It is said that(据说……),It is estimated that(据估计……),It
is calculated that(预计……),It is reported that(据报道……),It is suggested that(有人建议),It is stressed that(有人强调……),It is thought that(有人认为……),It is considered that(有人认为……),It is expected that(据期望……),It is well known that(众所周知……),It must be admitted that(必须承认……),It must be pointed out that(必须指出……),It is understood that(谁都知道……),It may be safety said that(可以有把握地说……)等。

练一练:请翻译“ 据了解,这个地区有丰富的自然资源”。


例1译文:You will be shown our new workshop.
例2译文:are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.
例3译文:If one or more electrons are removed,the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.
例4译文:All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion.
练一练答案:
译文:The area is known to be rich in natural resources.



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1. He is ________________ (他与其说是个学者)as a writer.

2. The parents should also set the kids free _______________ (以便他们自己做选择).

3. Some freshmen _____________(打定主意)to pursue a master's degree after undergraduate studies.

4. So it is essential for the students _____________(深入社会实践)in order to learn something that they can't get in class.

order to improve the competence of state-run enterprises,the central government ________________(已经实行了一系列改革),among which is cutting down the staff.

参考答案与解析:
1. not so much a scholar
解析:本句意为:与其说他是个学者不如说是个作家。考查的是"与其......倒不如......"的句型。句中所给部分已有as,所以最好用 not so much...as...。如:In many cases,nursing is not so much a job as a way of life.(在许多情况下,护理与其说是是一件工作倒不如说是一种生活方式。)

2. to make their own choices
解析:考查目的状语"以便"的英文表达,正确答案可以是:in order to/to/so as to+动词,也可以用in order/so+that从句。具体要根据字数要求定。

3. make up their minds
解析:本句意为:许多大一新生打定主意要在本科毕业后继续争取硕士学位。"打定主意、决定下来"可选用:make up one's mind to do,be determined to do,decide to do。题中pursue表示坚持不懈地追求,如:She pursued the study of English for five years.(她持续不断地学了五年英语。)

4. to participate in social practice
解析:本句意为:对学生而言,有必要深入社会实践,从而学到课堂上学不到的东西。"深入"事实上是指学生要参与社会实践,因此确切译法是to participate,"社会实践"可译成social practice或social activity。

5. has implemented a series of reforms
解析
:本句意为:为了提高国有企业的竞争力,政府已经实行了一系列改革,其中一项是裁员。这里大家要记住"国有企业"的表达,而"外资企业"应译为 oversea-funded enterprise或foreign-based company。"实行"可选用implement,carry out,由于是"一系列"改革,因此reform要用复数形式。另外"已经"暗示句子应该用完成时态。


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1. I am not sure whether I want to take this course; _______________(我第一周可否旁听)to see if I like it?

2. The police are on the trail of new evidence _______________(希望能有助于该案的处理).

3. The volume of trade between the two countries, as is reported,______________(增长了三倍多).

4. My question is _______________(谁将接任该基金会主席职位).

5. He looks honest, but ________________(外表有时是靠不住的),aren't they?

参考答案与解析:
1. may I sit in for the first week

解析:分号之前表示原因:因为我不敢确定是否想学这门课程,所以能否让我第一周旁听看看是否喜欢它?“旁听”英语里说成sit in,如:sit in a lecture(旁听一个讲座).另外,sit in也可以表示静坐,如:There were reports of students sitting in at several universities to pretest against racial discrimination.(多次报道几所大学学生静坐抗议种族歧视.)

2. which they hope will help solve the case

解析:我们把中午句子的含义补全就是“警察希望这些新证据能有助于该案的处理”,“新证据”已经在前文中出现,那么在这里我们需要把“能有助于该案的处理”译成后置定语来修饰new the trail of意思是“在寻找”。

3. has increased more than fourfold

解析:本题是考查数字的译法,可以参考前面的节目.本句还要指出的是as在非限制性定语从句中的应用:as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行项通常是整个主句.As从句的位置很灵活,可以出现在句首,句中(如本句)或句末,并与主句之间用逗号隔开.如:As he pointed out,the steady rise in quality owes much to the improvement of our equipment.(正如他指出的,质量的不断提高在很大程度上取决于设备的更新.)The night has turned cold,as is usual around here.(夜晚变得很冷,在这一带经常如此.)

4. who will take over as president of the Foundation

解析:这是wh-词引导的从句在句中作表语.本题的考点是:中文可以有“接任……的职位”的搭配,英文却不能说take over the position of,因为take over本身就包括“接任某职”的含义,因此只要将某一职位的名称译出来即可,用take over as…来表达.“该基金会”在句中是特指,因而“Foundation”的首字母要大写.

5. appearances are sometimes deceiving

解析
一个傻瓜吗?”因此,of course带有挑衅的意味,语气很不友好。在使用方面,sure或certainly语气会婉转很多。同时of course not也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下的说法是certainly not。

5. I found a few mistakes

解析:few和little意为“几乎没有”,a few和a little意为“还有一些,有几个”。但若在a few和a little加上only,意思就变了。即only a few=few,而only a little=little。如:I can have only a little more.(我几乎不能再吃了。)She made only a few mistakes.(她几乎全对。)因此,如果译成I found only a few mistakes,意思就恰恰相反,“你的作文我几乎没发现错误”。这道题说明在汉译英时不能完全对应汉字翻译,而要考虑英语使用习惯和词语搭配。


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1. It was essential that _______________(我们在月底前签订合同).

2. _______________(家庭人口多好还是人口少好)is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

3. We must _____________(用一切可能的办法来帮助他们).

4. We ________________(尽情地吃了一顿)at the new restaurant last Friday.

5. To most of the travelers, ________________(衣、食、住、行)are all important elements.

1. We sign the contract by the end of the month

解析:当表示愿望,要求,命令等含义的形容词如 advisable,appropriate,better,best,desirable,essential,fitting, imperative,important,impossible,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary, obligatory,preferable,proper,ridiculous,strange,surprising,urgent,vital 出现在形式主语句中时,从句要用虚拟语气。"签订合同"英语固定说法是sign the contract。"在月底前"要用by the end of,而不是at the end of。

2. Whether a large family is good or not

解析:如果按照中文顺序逐一翻译就会得出译文Whether a large family is good thing or a small family is a good thing,这并没有语法错误,但不符合英语表达习惯。"家庭人口多好还是少好"可以理解为:家庭人口多是好事?还是坏事?所以这里我们可以采用反译法,将"还是人口少好"转移为汉语意思为"(人口多是好)还是不好"的英文表达--or not,使译文简洁明了,避免罗嗦。

3. help them in every way possible

解析:本题最有可能出现的译文是:use very possible way to help them。这样译文不能说错,但不是最间接、最好的翻译。英语里,通常把方式状语放在谓语部分之后,所以可得出译文:help them in every possible way。原句"可能"出现在被修饰语"办法"之前。根据英文习惯,"可能"的对应词possible应该放在所修饰的中心词way之后,所以有了最终译文:help them in every way possible。

4. ate to our hearts' c
ontent

解析:本题让考生们困扰的是如何翻译"一顿"这个量词。其实,"一顿"是汉语特有的量词表达,是对"吃"这个动作的补充说明。"在那家新餐馆吃"就暗含了"吃了一顿"的含义。英语里没有"一顿"的对应词。一般来说,可以不译,不影响全句意思的表达。"尽情地"是个固定搭配,可译成:to one's heart's content或to the top of one's bent。

5. food, clothing, shelter, and transportation

解析:本题要求考生熟悉汉英习语在转移时的异同。有些汉语习语在转移成英语时不需要变换位置。如:日日夜夜(day and night);但也有一些需要改变前后顺序,如:新旧(old and new);水火(fire and water);田径(track and field);钢铁(iron and steel);贫富(rich and poor);血肉(flesh and blood)。请注意本题中哪些词语的英译改变了顺序。



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例1 ____________(将领你们去参观我们的新车间)by the secretary.

译文:You will be shown our new workshop.

简评:如果这句话不是划线填内容,你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因为题型是补全句子,这就给翻译带来了一定的难度,你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分:by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征,“秘书”在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以,题目是暗示我们要把原句中“你们”转换成译句里的主语,这样才符合出题要求。

例2 You __________(我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动)this time.

译文:are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.

简评:根据题目可推知全句意思是:我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是:我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头,也就是说“你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动”。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语,这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是:You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.

2)当汉语句以“我们”、“人们”、“大家”等泛指性代词作主语时,在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译,并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有 know,see,find,say,suppose,estimate,report,suggest,stress,consider, expect,admit,point,understand 等动词。

例3 如果原子失去一个或多个电子,我们就说这个原子带正电荷。

译文:If one or more electrons are removed,the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.

简评:这句话是一个条件从句。即:在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下
,这个电子带正电荷。“我们就说这个原子带正电荷”可理解为“这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷”。那么根据前面所说的原则,我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语“我们”省略不译,并使用被动语态。

从这个例子里我们还可以看出,在科技文章中,根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态,以强调事物的客观性。

例4 人们采用各种措施来防止腐蚀。

译文:All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion.

简评:这句话可以按原文译成主动态,即:People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被动语态来翻译——All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。两者比较而言,被动态译文更突出表明所有、种种措施已经付诸实施,all kinds of measures得到强调,而主动态译法只是平铺直叙,重点不突出。

此外,汉语句子中有“据说”、“据了解”、“据报道”、“据估计”、“据传言”等词语时,可以酌情译成相应的英语被动句,如:It is supposed that(据推测……),It is said that(据说……),It is estimated that(据估计……),It is calculated that(预计……),It is reported that(据报道……),It is suggested that(有人建议),It is stressed that(有人强调……),It is thought that(有人认为……),It is considered that(有人认为……),It is expected that(据期望……),It is well known that(众所周知……),It must be admitted that(必须承认……),It must be pointed out that(必须指出……),It is understood that(谁都知道……),It may be safety said that(可以有把握地说……)等。

练练手:
1. 据了解,这个地区有丰富的自然资源。
2. 众所周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成。

参考答案:
译文1:The area is known to be rich in natural resources.
译文2:It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors.

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