四级阅读习题
巡山小妖精
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2020年07月30日 04:58
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用一个平面去截一个正方体-技俩
一．常见的文体形式：
科普文章、说明文、议论文、记叙文
二. 文章涉及的内容：
天体、交通、食品、体育运动、社会福利、衣着、社会关系、动物和动物保护、回忆、环保、教育、水资源、市场学、老年问题、法律与道德、心理学、生理学、外语学习、就业
三. 文章字数：
以随机抽取的十篇统计，平均301个单词。
四. 常见考点：
（1）转折：出现but、however常出题；
（2） 因果：出现because、reason、be due to时
常出题；
（3） 比较：在读文章时，遇到比较特征词做出标记，以便定位；如果选项中出现了特征词，如果要选，原文中必须有出处，如果无出处，一般排除。
特征词：best、first、last、no、all、none、primarily、best、always、never、main、more…than….、as….as….、only、sole、unique……
（4）例证：例子本身不重要，所支持的观点、论断最重要。 这种现象很常见。
（5）列举: 例如First……Second……Third; furthermore, on the one hand, on the other hand, in addition……
（6） (指示)代词：检查考生能否正确理解上下文之间的关系。
（7）引用人物论断处。
（8）特殊标点符号处常考：特殊标点符号后的内容常是对前面内容的进一步解释说明，包括破折号、括号、冒号、引号。
（9）一词多义的词常考
（10）复杂句子常考
五．常见问题类型：
（1）. 全文概括性提问：
We can conclude from the passage that……
The passage mainly discusses……
From the passage, it can be concluded that the author……
（2）. 具体概括性提问：
It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas’ house____. (2001.1)
（3） 提供全文标题：
The best title for this passage would be……
（4） 同义性提问（具体）：
Which of the following is closet in meaning to the word “cushion” (line 1, para.2) (2000.6)
（5） 主旨（中心思想归纳性提问）：
The author’s purpose in writing the passage is______.(2001.6)
（6）细节推断
One significant importance in the future will probably be______.
六．一般答题原则
（1）细节题：
1． 一般占考题的一半（一般通过文中关键词确定选项）
2文章议论顺序和出题顺序一般一致；
3．从题干中寻找典型的特征词回原文中定位；常用定位词：时间，地点，人名，特征名词及其定语
4．从选项当中寻找一个与所定位内容意思最接近的作为正确答案。当某个选项出现的内容与题干关键词在文中的定位相差甚远时，则该选项一般不可能成为正确答案
5．排除法：分清主次、正反、宽窄、全偏。选项中有以下几个词一般可排除：all、only totally, completely, unlimitedly。
（2）态度题：态度题的出题思路一般固定，容易，解
题关键在于把握关于作者态度的词汇，例如：
positive, accurate，optimistic、neutral、
objective, approving, critical, negative，pessimistic,
optimistic
（3）主旨题:一般有1个题
（A）主旨题与文章逻辑结构的对应
1.时间顺序: 过去→现在：主题句在首段或末段
2.总分顺序: 总→分：主题句在首段
3.分总顺序: 分→总：主题句在末段
4.总分总顺序: 总分总：主题句在首段或末段
(B) 主旨题出现位置
1.首段首句
2.首段末句
3.末段首句
4.末段尾句
(C) 隐含的主旨：
1.各段主题句相加为文章主题句
2.各段段落大意相加为文章主题句
(D)主旨题形式
1．标题（title）
2．主题（subject/theme/main idea）
3．目的（purpose/aim/to do/meant to do）
4．态度（attitude/tone）
5．文体（a part of/ most probably/ be found in）
(E)主旨题干扰选项
1．以偏概全: 某段细节 某段大意
2.范围过宽:当问题涉及文章主题时，但凡选项出现文章中某个段落才涉及的细节时，则此选项已无必要看下去，一定是错的
3.无关信息: 与文章主题无关,与常识相悖
（4）推论题（infer……）（一般有1—2个）：
1．基本原则：从选项当中寻找一个与原文意思最相近的作为正确答案；
2．从选项下手，运用排除法。
（5）词义题和指代合在一起（一般有一题）：
1．指代：在文章中找到位置往前找，离它最近的名词、词组和句子；
2．词义：只需注意通过词汇所在句上下文的逻辑关系进行判断，再辅以语法关系帮助排除，可保证相当高的正确率。
七． “四步”解题法
第一步：通览题干牢记之（使阅读有目标）
第二步：轻念默读笔尖指（阅读的方法）
每段左右标大意（以便速知主旨）
参看选项多往返（反复求证）
重要参照“圈、线、箭”（以便定位）
第三步：理解确凿断选项
第四步：个别回读除疑惑
八．实战“手筋”若干
1．依靠语境猜字断义，无碍理解视若不见（对付生词）
例a. Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.（2005年1月）
例b. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome(综合症) ，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. （2005年1月）
2.原文表述显有寓意，选项之中必有明示（找引申句意）
例……Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become us
ed to seeing the painted bars….(2000年1月试题)
Question: What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
[A] They are falling out of the use in the United States.
[B] They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.
[C] They are applicable only on broad roads.
[D] They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.
3. 原文若有不知之词，选项之中或有解释（猜词义技巧）
例a：…………New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another……(2001年6月)
Question: It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosions because----.
[A] house agents along the coast do not support the idea.
[B] it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas.
[C] the government is too slow in taking action.
[D] they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents.
例b. In Britain, if you are found guilty of a crime, you can be sent to prison or be fined or be ordered to do community work such as tidying public places and helping the old. You may also be sent to special centers where you learn special like cooking, writing and car maintenance. Around 5 percent of the present population are women.(2002 年1月)
Question: What do you know about women prisoners in Britain?
[A] They are kept in open prisons
[B] They are allowed out of the prison grounds.
[C] They are a small portion of the prison population.
[D] They are ordered to do cooking and cleaning.
4.原文若是“朝三暮四”，选项必是“朝四暮三”(找同义词/语)
例a. ……Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action……（2000年6月）
Question: The word “offcials” (Line 2, Para.2) most probably refers to____.
[A] the researchers involved in the experiment
[B] the inspectors of the football tournament
[C] the referees of the football tournament
[D] the observers at the site of the experiment
例b. People living on part of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1003, the owners of large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been build……(2001年6月)
Question: What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?
[A] The rising of the see level
[B] The experts’ lack of knowledge
[C] The washing-away of limestone cliffs.
[D] The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens
5．原文某词意义特定，选项必求对应释义（找词义解释项）
例：……I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibil
ity and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering……(2001年1月)
Question: According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can----.
[A] balance engineering and the liberal arts
[B] receive guidance in their careers
[C] become noble idealists
[D] broaden their horizons
6. 原文陈述一个事实，选项求出所述目的（因果关系，选项中常有 why, because字样）
例a：……You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.(2001年1月)
Question: Why do pets love performing tricks for their masters?
[A] To avoid being punished
[B] To show their affection for their masters.
[C] To win leadership of the dog pack.
[D] To show their willingness to obey.
例b:……New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another……(2001年6月)
Question: It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosions because----.
[A] house agents along the coast do not support the idea.
[B] it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas.
[C] the government is too slow in taking action.
[D] they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents.
7. 原文若是具体描述，选项多是抽象概括
例: Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortage and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies.(2001年6月)
Question: As indicated in the passage, the water problem-----.
[A] is already serious in some parts of the world.
[B] has been exaggerated by some experts in the field.
[C] poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs.
[D] is underestimated by government organizations at different levels.
8．原文若有例子列举，选项常选例子结论
例：……One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market section. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military.(2001年6月)
Questions: The author mentions the example of “ backpacks” (Line 7, Para.2) to show in importance of------.
[A] increasing usage among students
[B] exploring new market sections
[C] pleasing the young as well as the old
[D] serving both military and civil needs
9.细节题原文具体描述，选项中常有同义重述（对号入座）
例：……In Britain, if you are found guilty of a crime, you can be se
nt to prison or be fined or be ordered to do community work such as tidying public places and helping the old. You may also be sent to special centers where you learn special like cooking, writing and car maintenance. Around 5 percent of the present population are women.(2002 年1月)
Question: What do you know about women prisoners in Britain?
[A] They are kept in open prisons
[B] They are allowed out of the prison grounds.
[C] They are a small portion of the prison population.
[D] They are ordered to do cooking and cleaning.
九.时效强训
1.
(1) The salinity of the oceanic water is generally higher in ____.
(2) It was the Arab conquerors who ____. ue003
(3) The greatest Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan ____.
(4) From the twelfth to the eighteenth century ____.
2.
(1)It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
(2) The main idea of the first paragraph is that ____.
(3) In Line 5 Paragraph 1, “criteria” most probably means ____.
(4) The main idea of paragraph 1 is ____.
3.
(1) The best title of the passage might be ____.
(2) It’s a general belief that a child’s later character and personality is ____ decided by his early experiences both at home and in school.
(3)The word “cumulative” in Line 3 most probably means ____.
(4) It can be seen from the passage that ____.
4.
(1) A child’s development might well be adversely affected if ____.
(2)As it is presented in the passage, rather than a smooth progression the development of the human character and personality is a series of ____.
(3)Children nowadays are different from their parents in the way that ____.
(4)The writer suggests that parents should ____.
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5.
(1)The importance of Tony Dyson to the cinema is ____.
(2) Dyson invented Phil the robot to ____.
(3)Nowadays Dyson is mainly interested in ____.
(4) The first Olympic Games most probably took place ____.ue003