中考英语易混淆的同义词总结
物流管理专业毕业论文-外交部副部长傅莹
中考易混淆的同义词总结
一、学习建议
本次内容为中考易混淆的同义词总结
,其中包括动词时态的变化,以及各种短语之间的辨析,难度不
大,但是对于中考生来说容易遗忘以及混
淆,因此大家要做好复习的工作。
二、易错知识点
1. say,
speak, talk, tell的辨析
这四个词都有“说”的意思,其用法差异主要在于各自强调的对象、内容不同。
(1)say的意思是“说”、“讲”、“说出”,是及物动词,强调“说”的内容。可表达
1)口头说内容 2)书面内容呈现
e.g. ① He said nothing to
me. 他对我什么也没说。
② He said in his letter
that he was getting on well with his life.
他在信中说,他生活得很好。
固定搭配:say hellogood byesorry to
sb. 向某人问候告别道歉
say “yes” to sb. =
agree with sb. 同意某人
say “no” to sb.
= disagree with sb. 不同意某人
(2)speak表“说”、“讲”,后接the language(English,
Chinese)、the truth等。
e.g. ① Please speak
more slowly and clearly. 请说慢些和清楚些。
②
Who is speaking? 你是谁?(打电话时用语)
③ Can
you speak Japanese? 你会讲日语吗?
固定搭配:speak to
sb. 对某人说话
speak highly of 称赞
speak one’s mind 说心里话; 直言不讳
(3)talk表示“交谈”、“谈话”,它一般用作不及物动词。
e.g. ①
What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?
② We are talking about the Chinese football match.
我们在谈论中国足球比赛。
固定搭配:talk withto sb. 和某人谈话
talk about . 谈论某人某事
talk with sb. about sth. = talk about sth. with
sb. 和某人谈论某事
(4)tell表“告诉”、“讲述”之意,是及物动词,常强调所讲的内容,不表示动作。
重点句式:① tell sb. sth = tell sth to sb. 告诉某人某事
e.g. He told me nothing. = He told
nothing to me. 他什么也没告诉我。
② tell sb.
(not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不)去做某事
e.g. He
told us not to worry about him. 他告诉我们不要为他担心。
③ tell sb. +that-clausewho-clause 告诉某人……
e.g. He told me that he was coming. 他告诉我说他要来。
固定搭配:tell… from…区分,辨别
tell a story
讲故事
tell the truth 讲真话
2.
Wear, put on, dress, have on, be in, be dressed
in的辨析
put on 和 dress 表动作,其他的都表示状态。
(1)put
on “穿上,戴上” ,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等。
(2)dress + sb.
oneself “给某人穿衣服”,但注意英文中宾语不能是“衣服”,只能是“人”。
(3)wear
指“穿着”、“戴着”的状态,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等。它还有“留(长发),蓄(胡子)”等意思。
e.g. wear blue shoesglassesa new hata watchnew
clothes 穿蓝色鞋子戴眼镜戴新帽戴手表穿新衣服
(4)have on
指“穿着”、“戴着”的状态,它本身就有进行时的含义:“有……在身上”。
e.g. He
always has his cap on. 他总是戴着帽子。
(5)be in,
be dressed in
后面不仅可接“衣服”,还可接“颜色”,这是与前面几个词和短语的用法不同的。
e.g. She
is always (dressed) in red. 她总穿红衣服。
3.
hope, wish, expect的辨析
(1)比较 wishhopeexpect to
do sth.
wish hopeexpect sb.
to do sth.
e.g. You can’t expect to learn a
foreign language in a few months.
不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。
e.g. I expect you to do
as you are told. 我期待你能按要求做。
(2)wish
可用来表示祝愿,而 hope 和 expect 则不可。
e.g. I wish
you successgood luck. 我祝你成功好运。
(3)hope 和
expect 可以和so 或 not 连用,表示希望、期待某事会发生或不会发生,而 wish
则不
可。
e.g. I hope soI hope not. 我希望如此
我不希望这样。
e.g. I expect sonot. 我想会我想不会。
(4)作名词时, wish 表示人的主观愿望, hope 表示客观可能。
e.g.
My best wishes for you! 给你我最美好的祝愿。
e.g. I have
no hope of going. 我没希望去。
4. beside,
besides, except, except for, but的辨析
(1)beside
= next to e.g. Come and sit beside ( = next
to ) me. 来坐在我旁边。
besides 意为“除……之外”
(包括在内) e.g. Besides Chinese, we also learn
English and other subjects.
except意为“除……之外”(不包括在内)e.g. We all went to the
Great Wall except Xiao Wang.
(2)but作介词用时意为“除……之外”,可与except互换,但but常与否定词连用
e.g. No one but him is interested in playing
the guitar. 除了他之外,没有人对弹吉他感兴趣。
5. few, a
few, little, a bit的辨析
(1)few 和 a few
后接可数名词,little 和 a little 后接不可数名词。
(2) few
和 little 意为“很少,几乎没有”,表否定;a little 和 a few
意为“有几个”,“有一点”,表肯
定。
except for 意为“美中不足”
e.g. His composition is very good except for a few
spelling mistakes
e.g. Don’t worry. There is still a little time
left. 别着急,还有一点时间。
注意:
① 前有only, 后有a: only
a few little
② in the past few years . 在过去的几年中
every few hundred meters 每隔几百米
(3)a
little与a bit修饰形容词和副词时,两者可以互换。
e.g.: I am a
little tired. = I am a bit tired. 我有一点累。
(4)a little与a bit的不同点:
修饰名词时:a little + n.
= a bit of + n.
表达否定时:① not a bit = not at all
一点也不
② not a little = quite a
little 许多
6. it, one, another, the other,
others , the others的辨析
(1)it和one的区别
it:同类同个(它)
one:同类不同个(一个)
e.g. My
father bought me a nice watch last year. But I
lost it. I want to buy a new one.
我父亲去年给我买了一块新手表,但我把它弄丢了,我想买块新的。
(2)another与the other的区别
another: 再一次
another 3 days= 3 other more days
the
other:常与one 连用,即“one…, the other…”。
on one
hand… on the other hand
e.g. Would you like
another cup of tea? 你要再来一杯茶吗?
You may
stay here for another ten days. 你可以在这儿再住十天。
I have two pens. One is new, the other is old.
我有两支钢笔,一支是新的,一支是旧的。
(3)others与the
others的区别
others = other +
复数名词,意为“别的,别人”,泛指其他的人或物
the others = the other
+ 复数名词,意为“其余的”,相当于the rest,特指全体中其余的人或物。
三、易错典型例题
例1. Can you _________ (讲) that in
Japanese?
例2. The mother __________ (穿) her
baby every morning.
例3. It’s very cold
outside. Please __________ (穿) your overcoat.
例4. I hope he __________ (come) tomorrow.
例5. No one __________ (除了) him is interested
in playing the guitar.
例6. He has __________
(少) friends, but he still feels lonely.
例7.
There were three books on my table. One is here.
Where are ______ ?
A. others
B. the
others C. the other D. another
四、易错典型例题解析
例1. 答案:say
解析:后面加语言时只有两种用法,speak +
语言或say sth. in+ 语言,“用某种语言说某物”用的
短语是say sth. in
+ 语言。
例2. 答案:dresses
解析:此题考查“给某人穿衣服”的短语dress sb.。
例3. 答案:put on
解析:此题句意为“外面很冷,请穿上大衣”,此题考查“穿上”这个动作,put on。
例4. 答案:will come
解析:此题考查hope的短语,hope
to do sth.以及hope (that) +从句,此题易错点为hope sb. to do
sth.
这个短语,这个短语是错误的也是学生经常记错的,因此此题只能使用从句,结合时态,此题填will
come。
例5. 答案:except
解析:中文“除了”这个词有可能是包含的意思,也有可能不包含,因此此题我们要结合题意“没
有
人”,说明“他”也排除在外了,因此应填except。
例6. 答案:a
few
解析:结合句意“但他仍然觉得孤单”可知,“他”有一些朋友,“朋友”可数且此
句表示肯定,
因此应该用a few。
例7. 答案:B
解析:此题表示肯定范围内的“其他的”,排除A、D,且空的后面无名词,应使用B,the other
+n.
复数= the others。