学科专业目录-满足作文

动词和动词短语专题
动词和动词短语之考纲解读：
1. 掌握动词的意义和用法，并能在真实的语境中对同义词和近义词进行辨析。
2. 掌握动词短语和短语动 词的意义和用法，能对常用动词与介词或副词构成的短语进行辨
析；突出对词组在具体的语言环境中意义 选择的测试。
动词和动词短语之方法技巧：
1.
2.
3.
加大词汇积 累，正确理解词义。
体会英语语境，准确辨析词义。
分类归纳词组，构建知识网络。
【 重难点解析】
一：动词的分类及用法
一．动词的分类：行为动词（及物动词、不及物动词、状态 动词、动作动词）
动词；情态动词。
二．动词的用法：
1.实义动词的用法：词义完整 ，可单独作谓语
(1)及物动词后面必须跟宾语
(2)不及物动词后面不接宾语
(3) 特殊实义动词，有些既是及物又是不及物动词，如：
eg: The post office closes at 9:00
Close the window, please.
2 .系动词的用法：有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与标语连用，构成系
表结构。一般可分 为六类。
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
（5）
（6）
状态系动词：表示主语的状态，只有
等。
表像系动词：表示“看起来像”
感官系动词： 主要有
变化系动词：主要有
之意。
【练一练】
他开会时总保持沉默。
她看起来很累。
这种布手感很软。
他没过多久就富了。
这谣言证实是假的。
3 .
4.
He always _______________ at meeting.
He _____________________.
This kind of cloth ________________.
He ________________ within a short time.
The rumor __________________.
be, have, do, shall( should), will( would).
，主要有seem, appear, look。
feel, smell, sound, taste。
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。
prove, turn out，表达“证实，变成”
be一词。
主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand持续系动词：表示主语保持的一种状况或态度，
close, begin, study, leave, work。
；系动词；助
终止系动词：表示主语 已终止动作，主要有
助动词的用法：没有独立意义，与其他词一起构成时态、语态、语气、人称、数、否
定、疑问等形式。包括：
情态动词的用法：以后详讲，此处略。
（二）、易混动词归纳 对比
1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
原形 过去式过去分词现在分词说明

中文
放
躺
说谎
lay
lie
lie
laid
lay
lied
laid
lain
lied
laying
lying
lying < br>rose，过去分词是
及物动词
不及物动词
不及物动词
risen，而 raise是及物动
hung；
2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式 是
词，是规则动词。
二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是
4、borro w, lend与keep：借入英文中用
3、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不 规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是
hanged。
keep。
borrow，借出用l end，但这两个词都是截止性动词或
a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a
:I have won him. 即我已说服他了
(即双程)。所以拿
fetch。
瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作， 所以我能借多久应用
5、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，
race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如
来，带来是bring，拿去带走是
，我赢 得他的好感。而
take，而去取回来是
6、take, bring 与fetch：英文中 拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来
beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。
get to, arrive(atin)。
7、reach，arrive与get to：rea ch当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，
则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有
8、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词
作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。to finish this work.
9、speak, say, talk 与tell
英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但
加语言名词时则用作及物动词，
常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，
表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，
在书 信、便条、海报上写着英文应为
of his son.。
It said 。在作辨别不同讲时是…
speak后
cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作“花
it，如It takes me three hours
费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take
更多的用法是用形式主语
如：Please speak Engl ish。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell
如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，
’t tell time correctly。
tell，如：Can you tell me
如：My watch was broken. It couldn
the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well
二：重点动词及动词词组归纳
1. break
break away (from)突然逃掉或离开;断绝往来，脱离；改掉
神等)变坏
break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔
break into强行进入；突然……起来。；打断，插嘴；占用时间
break off 停止讲话；暂停，休息；
用于被动语态。
break through突破，有重要创见；克服，征服；强行穿过
等从云层里出来。
break up 解散，驱散；(学校等)放假；结束，破裂；击碎，撞碎；绝交。
(进入)。注：有时指太阳、月亮(使)折断
注：是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发
(旧习惯)，破除(旧作法)。
break down (机 器、车辆等)坏了；(计划、谈判等)失败；(谈话、通讯等)中断；(健康、精

2. bring
bring about 引起，实现，导致。
bring (a)round(1) 使改变观点或看法；(2) 使苏醒(3) 顺便把某人带来串门
bring back(1) 送还，带回(2) 使想起，使恢复
bring down(1) 击落或打落(飞机、飞鸟等)(2) 打死或打伤(野兽、动物等)(3) 使倒下，推翻
(4) 降低(温度、价格、费用等
bring forth 产生，引起，结果
bring in(1) 收获(庄稼等)(2) 获利，(使)得到(收入(3) 介绍，引进(4) 聘请(5) 逮捕，抓入
警察局
bring off (1) 从船上救出(2) 成功，设法做成
bring on (1) 带来，造成，引起
品、产品等)
bring over 说服，使改变(思想等
bring together 使和解
bring sb sth 拿某物给某人

call at a place (1) (车船等)停靠(2) 到某地拜访
call away (1) 叫走，叫开
call back(1) 唤回，叫回
(2) 转移(注意力等)
(2) 回电话，再打电话
(2) 来或去取某物，来或去接某人(3)
bring through 使度过(困难，危机等)
bring up (1) 提出，提起(2) 抚养，培养(3) 呕吐
(2) 促使成长或生长(3) 帮助(学习者等)进步或提高
(3) 出版(书刊等)，推出(作bring out(1) 取出，拿出(2) 显示出，揭示出，衬托出，使出来
)
call for sth (sb)(1) 喊着叫某人来，喊着叫人取来某物
需要，要求
call in (1) 叫进，请进
call (up)on sb to do sth
(2) 找来，请来(3) 来访(4) 收回
call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人
(2) 号召某人做某事
(3) 召集，应召入伍
call off (1) 叫走，转移开(2) 取消，不举行
(1)叫(请)某人做某事
call out (1) 大声叫(喊) (2) 叫出去(3) 召唤，请来，调去
call up (1) (给……）打电话(2) 想起，回忆起

come into…进入……状态
come into being(事物、局面等)产生；形成
come along过来；快点
come out出来；出版
come back to life苏醒过来
come about发生，造成
come to all end结束
come up with提出，想出

carry on进行下去

cut off切断
cut up 切碎

get in touch with同……取得联系
get on上车
get back回来；取回
get over克服；度过
cut out戒掉，不吃
cut down砍倒，减少
cut in插嘴
cut through剪断，锯断
carry out履行，执行carry off 抢走carry…through顺利完成，实现
come true实现
come to the point说到要点，触及问题实质
come across碰见
come to light为人所知，显露

get off下车
get on／along well with与……相处融洽
get in a word插话
get through通过；接通；完成；经历
get about／around／round传开，传出去
get away离开
get together相聚
get into进人；陷入
get rid of除掉
get to到达
get across使理解
get down to(doing)sth．安心做，开始认真干
;(把某人[物])从...争取过来
get about 旅行; 走动;(消息等)传播; 忙于工作; (病后)下床活动了
get away from (使)摆脱,;(使)离开; 无视, 对...置之不理
9. give
give up放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把...送交, <口>对...绝望(=give up)
give back归还, 恢复, 后退, 反射(声、光等)
give in投降, 屈服, 让步, 交上, 宣布
give off发出(蒸汽、光等)，长出（枝、杈等）
give away.送掉, 分发, 放弃, 泄露, 出卖, 让步, 陷下
give out分发, 发出(气味、热等), 发表, 用尽, 精疲力竭

go ahead继续；干吧
go out(灯、火)熄灭
go on to do sth．接着做另外的事
go through完成；通过；经历；仔细检察
go about开始着手，到处走动，传开
go for运用于，应用于
go with相配
go up上升，上涨

hold back阻碍，阻止；犹豫不决；隐瞒
hold on别挂电话；坚持
hold office hold one’s position担任某个职位

keep at sth 坚持做某事
keep doing sth (1) 不断地或一直做某事
做的事继续做下去)
(动作之间略有间隔)(2) 一直在做某事(无间隔)
(2) 继续做某事(即将一直在keep on doing sth (1) 不断地或一直做某事(动作之间略有间隔
hold on to 坚持下去；坚持不卖掉
hold out坚持（抵抗）
hold up 使耽搁，使停顿
go by(时间)过去；经过(地点)
go on(doing)继续做某事
go over检查；复习
go all out(=try／do one’s best)竭尽全力
go against违背
go in for参加，爱好
go without不吃／喝／用
go down下降，降沉，下沉
give over停止, 放弃
get in 进站; 到达; 收集[割]; 收回借款[税] (使)陷入, (使)卷入
keep from (doing) sth (1) 忍不住做某事(2) 避开或防止(做)某事
keep sb from?doing 使某人不能做某事
keep sb (sth) doing sth 使某人(某事)不停地做某事
keep sb (sth) done 使某人(某事)被……
keep back (1) (使)后退(2) 忍住，隐瞒
keep down 抑制，控制，使下降
keep on 继续前进
keep out of 使不进入……
keep up with 跟上，不落后

keep off 避开，防止，挡住
keep out 遮挡，使不进入
keep up 保持，继续

make a dive for向……猛冲
make room for给……腾地方
make up for弥补
make one’s way排除困难前进
make a promise许诺言
make the best of尽量利用
make it成功，及时达到

pick at (1) 用指尖抓弄；不断抓摸
pick off (1) 摘掉，摘下；取走，拿掉
pick on 选中；挑出选中；挑出
pick out (1) 选出；挑出；拣出
pick up (1) 拾起；抱起
15. put
put away 放好，受起来
put off 延期，拖延
make an apology to向……道歉
make up one’s mind下决心
make use of利用
make progress进步
make a living谋生
make out认出，理解
make up组成；化妆；打扮；补充；弥补；编造；捏造
(2) 少量地吃；无兴趣或没胃口地吃
(2) 逐个地或有选择地射中或打下
pick one's way 慢而小心地走
(2) 区别出；看出
(3) 接收(4) 搭载(5)振作起来(2) （无意中）学会
put down 扑灭，平息，镇压
put on 上演，穿戴
put out 伸出，拿出
put up with 忍受，容忍
put back放回原处；推迟；拨慢
put into effect practice执行；付诸实施
put out 熄灭，扑灭，使……停止燃烧
put aside存储；放在一边；不予考虑
put forward拨快；提出
put sb through接通电话

run for竞选
run out
ran over 撞倒并碾过
put up 挂起，张贴,举起，抬起,建造,搭起
run after追赶；追求
run through浏览
run含义
)
run away跑掉
ran out of用完（注意两者的区别）
●注意run一词多义，根据下列句子体会
The buses run until after twelve. (
The machine ran continuously for eight days. (
The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket. (
For several miles the road runs across a plain. (
They run most of the stores here. (
The chairman ran the meeting well. (
Will the color in this dress run if I wash it? (

set off（＋for＋目的地）出发，动身（去某地）
set out
（1）set out（＋for＋目的地）出发，动身（去某地）
)
)
)
)
)
)
，相当于set off（for＋目的地）
（2）set out（+ to do something）开始，着手（做某事）
set about doing sth 着手（做某事），其意义与set out to do sth 相同
set up建立，创立set down（1）写下，记下（2）放下
set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作
set somebody doing something使某人处于某种动的状态

turn up出现；开大(音量)；到达，发生；查字典
turn on旋开(电灯等)
turn down开小(音量)；拒绝
turn in交出；交
turn into变成
turn a blind eye to on视而不见
19. take
take back 收回，接回，退回。
turn against背叛
turn off关上(电灯等)
turn over翻转；翻页；撞翻；移交
turn to找某人寻求帮助；翻到；转向
turn out结果是／关掉／查明／生产
turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻
take down (1) 写下，记下(2) 拆下，拆掉
take in (1) 收留(2) 包括(3) 理解(4) 欺骗，使上当。
take off(1) 脱下(2) 起飞(3) 打折扣，扣掉，去掉
take on (1) 聘用，雇用(2) 呈现，显现，具有
take to(1) 喜欢(2) 养成习惯，沉溺于
(挑战，建议，条件等
take sb (sth) for [to be]
take over 接替，接管，继承。如：接替，接管，继承。
(3) 去(某处)
take up (1) 开始(学习或从事等) (2) 继续(3) 占去(时间或空间) (4) 接纳(乘客等)，接受
) (5) 提出(商讨)，讨论。
把某人……(某物)当作……
too much weight, doctor?
D. living on
take sb sth take sth to sb 给某人带(送)去某物
(4) 请假，休息
(3) 承担或担任(工作或责任等)。
【强化练习】
1. ——I’m ＿＿＿＿＿＿
A. putting on
—— I think you ought to go on a diet.
B. getting on C. carrying on
2. ——Will another fifty be enough?
——Just twenty will＿＿＿＿.
A. work
A. came on
A. given out
B. do C. suit D. fit
B. was taken on C. took on D. turned into
B. given in C. given up D. given off
D. put into
3. His pale face ＿＿＿a reluctant smile when he heard the news.
4. His strength had almost ＿＿when they found him in the desert.
5. Don’ t forget to ＿＿＿＿your things after you have finished your homework .
A. set aside B. put away C. take away
development.
A. calls on B. calls up C. calls out D. calls for
7. We had a good many anxious worries but everything ＿＿all right in the end.
A. turned down B. turned on C. turned out D. turned to
8. The folk song concert was so well
day.
A. accepted B. recognized C. received D. promised
9. The college is planning to offer more English courses to ＿＿＿the needs of beginners of
English.
A. meet with B. meet C. supply D. satisfy with
10. Do you mind if I ＿＿＿＿＿＿with my work while you are getting tea ready?
A. carry out B. come on C. carry on D. go over
11. Old memories are often ＿＿＿＿＿＿when you hear a particular song or a piece of music.
＿＿＿＿that all the tickets had been sold out on the first
6. The Party Central Committee ＿＿＿＿the Chinese people to work hard for the economic

A. called in B. called on C. called out D. called up
12. If the children are badly ____ they behave badly.
A. brought in B. brought up C. brought about D. brought back
13. Never ____my secret!
A. give up B. give in C. give away D. give off
14. The food in England doesn't ____ me.
A. agree to B. agree on C. agree with D. agree upon
15. He tried to join the Army but was ____ because of poor health.
A. turned down B. turned back C. turned over D. turned against
16. ---Oh, my God, the room is in such a mess.
---It must be made by the cat, I'll ____ all the things _____.
A. put; out B. put; away C. put; off D. put; through
17. Keep the windows closed to ____ the fire.
A. keep out B. keep off C. keep on D. keep to
18. ---Did you enjoy his speech?
---Sure, what he said really ____.
A. makes sense B. makes a difference C. makes sure D. makes it
19. ---How did you find your sister in such a big and strange city?
--- I____ her in the railway station when I was just going back home.
A. came about B. came out C. came up D. came across
20. If you work hard like this , you will ____ sooner or later.
A. give out B. break up C. break down D. fall down
21. The mail was ___ for two days because of the heavy snows.
A. held out B. held up C. held back D. held off
22. In our school the women teachers ____ 56 percent of the staff.
A. turn up B. stand for C. make up D. send up
23. To everyone's surprise, the fashionable girl ____ to be a thief.
A. comes out B. finds out C. figures out D. turns out
24. Don't forget to ____ the ice cream on the way home.
A. hold up B. come up C. turn up D. pick up
25.---I am sorry to have ____ too much of your time.
---That's OK, and I am glad to help you.
A. taken up B. taken on C. taken off D. taken in
【答案】
ABCAB ACCBC DBCCA BBADC BCDDA