北京市高三英语高考适应性测试(含答案)(1).pdf
端午节作文结尾-升学宴
学 海 无 涯
2020年北京市高考适应性测试
英 语
本试卷共 12 页，共 120 分。考试时长 100
分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试
结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题
1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1
个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处
用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Mrs. Bailey was important in the educational
journey that carried me through school and into my
profession. Until I
joined her class, I hadn’t
believed in my ability as a writer. She 1
(persuade) me to join the poetry society and lit
in
me a fire for literature. She recognized
2 (I) potential and showed me that I could write
with creativity and
enthusiasm. Because of the
confidence she inspired in me, I’ve carved out a
3 (success) profession as a journalist.
B
Some university students carried out a
campaign 4 they celebrated their whole
day without cell phones. This
move was to
improve their relationships with their near and
dear ones and to keep them away from the
virtual ( 虚
拟 的 ) life. 5 (study) indicate
that a majority of young people used their phones
during lessons, over family meals or
even at
the cinema. The problem of phone addiction ( 成 瘾 )
has been observed since a few years ago,
with
experts and psychologists 6 (try)
to increase awareness about this problem.
C
The tiger shark 7 (consider) to be one of
the most dangerous sharks in the world. Why are
tiger sharks so
dangerous? First, they like
to live 8 waters where humans usually
swim, so the chances of an encounter ( 遭
遇 )
are much greater. Second, tiger sharks are so
strong and aggressive that they can 9 (easy)
hit a person. And
third, tiger sharks have
teeth perfectly 10 (design) for cutting
their food, so it is certain that the damage will
be
disastrous.
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5
分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。
Afel was only a
very small boy when he first saw snow in a picture
book. It had lots of pictures of children 11
in
big white fields. He asked, “Mum, what are
those white fields?” His mother laughed, “That’s
snow, and they are
making a snowman!” She
tried to 12 what snow was. Afel
didn’t really 13 because there was no real
snow where he lived. But he showed great 14 .
One day when he was 12, Afel was watching a
programme on TV at his uncle’s house. The
programme was full of
snow. And not only
snow—there were people
15 across the
snow. They looked like fantastic birds. They had
hats covering all their heads and big goggles
over their eyes. And on their feet,
they had 16 shoes.
“What are those?” he
asked his uncle 17 . “Skis,” replied his
uncle. “And those people are called skiers.” At
that
moment, he 18 to be a skier.
He asked his uncle what the programme was. “The
Winter Olympics,” said his
uncle. “It’s like
the normal Olympics, but for 19 where
you need snow—ski jumping, bobsleigh ( 长 橇 ),
those sorts of things. They 20 it every four
years.”
Afel found out that the next Winter
Olympics would be in Beijing, in 2022. “Perfect,”
he thought. “Enough 21 for me
to become a
brilliant skier.”
“But there’s no snow here!”
people told him. “Where are you going to ski?”
Afel
22 them. He made himself a
pair of skis from two pieces of wood. He tied them
to his feet and practised skiing
23
two sticks in his hands. He practised again and
again until he could 24 quite quickly
across the sand. He
25 to fly down
the hills like the people on TV, but he couldn’t.
“Never mind,” he thought. “It’s a 26
…”
“How will you go to the Olympics?” people
asked him. “Our country doesn’t
27
have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics. We
have good runners and win lots of medals at the
Olympics. But no skiing, no.”Afel didn’t 28 .
So every night, out in the middle of the
desert, Afel now practises skiing down sand hills.
He 29 that the yellow
sand and brown earth
are as gold as the medal he will bring home with
him, when he is the 30 .
11．A．drawing
B．playing C．dancing D．hiking
12．A．announce
B．stress C．conclude D．explain
13．A．mind
B．respond C．understand D．regret
14．A．interest
B．concern C．patience D．confidence
学 海
无 涯
15．A．walking B．riding C．running D．flying
16．A．strong B．strange C．fashionable
D．comfortable
17．A．politely B．hopefully
C．excitedly D．nervously
18．A．promised
B．claimed C．agreed D．decided
19．A．projects
B．fields C．sports D．courses
20．A．gain B．have
C．accept D．mark
21．A．time B．energy
C．experience D．determination
22．A．avoided
B．ignored C．corrected D．criticized
23．A．pushing B．pulling
C．holding D．waving
24．A．roll
B．march C．jump D．move
25．A．needed B．prepared C．pretended
D．attempted
26．A．start B．chance
C．solution D．strategy
27．A．even
B．often C．shortly D．finally
28．A．refuse B．inquire C．care
D．complain
29．A．dreams B．predicts
C．assumes D．realizes
30．A．authority
B．champion C．genius D．celebrity
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共
30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you’re
looking to buy a gift for your children, why not
keep up with the trend and get the best
hoverboard?
What is a Hoverboard?
A
hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal
transportation device. It’s electrical, portable
and
became highly popular in 2015 in reference
to a popular 1980’s movie. Typically, this
self-
balancing device operates like a powered
skateboard.
How Does a Hoverboard Work?
The device may have many designs, but the
mechanism itself isn’t complicated.
Basically,
a standard hoverboard contains:
• Battery:
stores the electrical power. Almost all
hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery.
• Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows
riders to tilt ( 倾 斜 ) the hoverboard while
maintaining balance and
adjusting their
direction.
• Motor (one in each wheel):
provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider
balanced and upright.
• Logic board: functions
as the hoverboard brain. It processes data—your
speed, tilt, etc.—and sends
information to the
motors. This unit controls the power of the board
so riders can adjust their speed.
All the
above components work together to control the
power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is
balanced,
upright and moving at a controlled
speed.
Why Buy a Hoverboard?
Undoubtedly,
hoverboards are cool. You’ve probably seen kids
riding one around the house. They’re a
phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why
deny your kids and prevent them from being part of
this trend?
Where is a hoverboard legal?
Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards
have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some
places prohibit
anyone under 16 from using
these devices, and hoverboards are banned in
academic institutions and public places,
like
campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway
stations. Some places have also put speed limits
on the
devices and restricted their use to
bike paths. However, open areas—including your
yard—are free of these
restrictions.
31.
The logic board of a hoverboard can .
A.
store electricity B. power the wheels
C. send
information to the riders D. receive data and give
command
32. According to the passage, a
hoverboard can be used .
A．on campus B．in
parks
C．on bike paths D．in shopping malls
33. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To evaluate a gift’s quality. B. To
recommend a gift choice.
C. To compare new
hoverboard models. D. To clarify functions of the
latest hoverboards.
B
Growing up, Deka
Ismail says she let labels define what she could
be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee (难民)
family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only
allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”
学 海 无 涯
After a high school
chemistry class inspired her to think about a
career in science and gave her confidence in the
field, Deka learned to live outside labels and
began making big plans for her future. Now she is
about to begin her
freshman year at the
University of California, planning to become a
professor.
Born and raised in San Diego’s City
Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a
Somali refugee couple.
While some might say
Deka’s success happened in spite of her
background, she would say differently, that her
experiences shaped her and inspired her to be
the driven, young scientist that she is today.
When Deka was eight years old, her mother got
a job by studying hard back in school in order to
support the
whole family. That made Deka
realize that education could make a difference to
one’s life. She spent a lot of time in
the
library reading books, and didn’t do many of the
things her peers did, like partying or having
romantic
relationships.
“I always felt
like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,”
Deka said. “You have to not even do your best but
two times better than everyone else. I felt
like the whole world was waiting for me to mess
up.”
Deka’s efforts paid off. The summer
before her senior year of high school, she was
accepted to the American
Chemical Society
Project SEED Programme. “She brought both
enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at
this
research institute, recalled. “She
arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn
and ready to tackle new challenges
regardless
of whether or not she had done anything similar.”
When asked what advice she would give to
others like her, Deka warned them not to
underestimate themselves.
“Don’t tell yourself
that scholarship is too big or this programme is
too competitive or I’ll never get into this
school, ”
she said. “I was not sure whether I
could make it until I started seeing the
acceptance letters rolling in.”
34. From
the passage, we can learn that .
A. Deka was
adopted by a refugee family B. Deka spent a lot of
time going to parties
C. Deka became a
professor after graduation D. Deka’s experiences
drove her to work hard
35．Deka realized the
importance of education .
A. from her
mother’s experience B. after her chemistry class
C. by reading books in the library D. through
working at the institute
36．According to the
last paragraph, Deka advised that students be .
A. patient B. confident C. ambitious D.
generous
37．What does the story intend to
tell us?
A. Life is not all roses. B. Practice
makes perfect.
C. Well begun is half done. D.
Hard work leads to success.
C
A group
of blue-faced birds step through the grass
shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around.
They look like
middle schoolers seeking a
cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re not
so different.
A new study, led by Damien
Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective
behaviour, shows that the vulturine
guineafowl
of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel
societies. In the past, scientists assumed such
social
structures required a lot of
brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are
revealing the faults in that assumption.
These
large birds wander across the landscape in packs,
often walking so closely that their bodies touch.
They may
fight each other to maintain their
strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at other times they
engage in friendly behaviours
like sharing
food.
Suspecting the guineafowl might have a
social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues
began a thorough study of
their society. For a
whole year, they made daily observations of 441
birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations
let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds
apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs
of 58 birds, which let
them see exactly where
every group went, 24 hours a day.
The findings
of the research suggest that the vulturine
guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are
groups
within groups within the population as
a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends
within the small groups. This
is the first
time anyone has observed such a society in a bird.
And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular
bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have
small brains relative to
mammals ( 哺 乳 动 物 ),
they also have quite small brains relative to
other birds,” he said.
According to him,
living in this kind of society might actually make
it easier to keep track of the social order. For
example, if groups are stable and a bird can
identify just one or two individuals within a
group, it knows which group
it’s looking at—no
need for a brain that can recognize every single
animal. Multilevel societies also let animals
adjust
their group sizes based on whatever
challenges they’re facing. Depending on what
enemies or resources are around, it
might make
sense to travel in a combined group rather than a
smaller one.
“Having a multilevel structure
may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine
said. There may be more birds and
other
animals out there that, although small-brained,
have societies as many-leveled as our own.
38.
According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine
to carry out the study?
A. The guineafowl’s
social behaviour. B. Previous assumptions about
birds.
学 海 无 涯
C．His interest
in animal brainpower. D．The faults in earlier
research.
39. What is Paragraph 4 mainly
about?
A．The research subjects. B．The research
methods.
C．The research findings. D．The
research equipment.
40. What can be learned
from the passage?
A. Complex social systems
can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl.
B.
The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals
in a group.
C．Birds maintain social order by
travelling in combined groups.
D．Small-
brained animals can form multilevel societies.
41. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To present the findings of a study of the
guineafowl.
B. To explain the interaction
patterns in multilevel societies.
C. To
introduce a new approach to observing the
guineafowl.
D. To uncover clues about how
complex societies are formed.
D
For
several decades, there has been an extensive and
organized campaign intended to generate distrust
in science,
funded by those whose interests
and ideologies are threatened by the findings of
modern science. In response,
scientists have
tended to stress the success of science. After
all, scientists have been right about most things.
Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many
people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer
to the question
“Why trust science?” is that
scientists use the so-called scientific method. If
you’ve got a high school science textbook
lying around, you’ll probably find that answer
in it. But what is typically thought to be the
scientific method—develop
a hypothesis ( 假 设
), then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what
scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new
methods get invented; old ones get abandoned;
and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many
different things.
If there is no identifiable
scientific method, then what is the reason for
trust in science? The answer is how those
claims are evaluated. The common element in
modern science, regardless of the specific field
or the particular
methods being used, is the
strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough,
sustained process that works to make sure
faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim
is never accepted as true until it has gone
through a lengthy “peer
review” because the
reviewers are experts in the same field who have
both the right and the obligation (责任) to find
faults.
A key aspect of scientific
judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim
gets accepted until it has been vetted
by
dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that
have been contested, like climate science and
vaccine safety, it’s
thousands. This is why we
are generally justified in not worrying too much
if a single scientist, even a very famous
one,
disagrees with the claim. And this is why
diversity in science—the more people looking at a
claim from different
angles—is important.
Does this process ever go wrong? Of course.
Scientists are humans. There is always the
possibility of revising a
claim on the basis
of new evidence. Some people argue that we should
not trust science because scientists are “always
changing their minds.” While examples of truly
settled science being overturned are far fewer
than is sometimes
claimed, they do exist. But
the beauty of this scientific process is that it
explains what might otherwise appear
paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both
novelty and stability. Scientists do change their
minds in the face
of new evidence, but this is
a strength of science, not a weakness.
42. How
does the author think of the scientific method?
A. Stable. B. Persuasive. C. Unreliable. D.
Unrealistic.
43．What does the underlined word
“vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.
Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released.
44．According to the passage, the author may
agree that .
A. it is not persuasive to
reject those faulty claims
B. settled science
tends to be collectively overturned
C. a
leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a
scrutiny
D. diversity in knowledge is the
common element in science
45．Which of the
following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defend the
Truth in Science
C. Apply Your Mind to Science
D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science
第二节（共
5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An interview is a discussion with someone in
which you try to get information from them. 46
There are three
basic sub-types of
interview: structured interviews, unstructured
interviews and semi-structured interviews.
47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant”
are words that are sometimes used instead of
“interviewee”.
学 海 无 涯
A great
deal is provided by this personal contact: you are
another human being, and interviewees will respond
to
you, in bodily presence, in an entirely
different way from the way that they would have
reacted to questionnaires that
came through
their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most
people want to help and give their opinions,
and they will
usually be energized to help by
your physical presence.
If you take the
trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or
less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly,
though, you will be able to relate to
interviewees while you are talking to them. 49
You will be able to watch
their behaviour
which will give you important clues about how
they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of
the personal contact, your appearance and tone
are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one
of us”? As a
person in authority? As an
observer? …Or what?
50 However you
decide to present yourself, it is good practice
of course to try to put the interviewee at
ease before the interview begins—to talk about
the weather, about your journey, about anything
that will break the ice.
A.
This is a
ready-made support for you.
B.
Its nature
varies with the nature of the interviews.
C.
You will be able to hear and understand what
they are saying.
D.
Your decision should
influence the way that you look, sound and behave.
E.
The information may be facts or
opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.
F.
Each involves the interviewer in fact-
to-face contact or telephone contact with another
person.
G.
You will be using these clues
to make informed guesses about what the
interviewees might really mean.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在你们学校网站上看到了学生参加学农活动的
照片，很
感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
.1
学农活动的相关信息（时间、内容„„）；
.2
你参加学农活动的感受。
注意：1．词数不少于 50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：学农 learn from farmers
Dear Jim,
__
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________
____
__________________________________________________
________________________________________
______
__________________________________________________
______________________________________
________
______________
Yours, Li Hua
第二节（20
分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。上周，你报名参加了学校组织的“学生讲坛”活动。请根据以下
四幅图的先
后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
提示词：学生讲坛 Student Forum
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
学 海 无 涯