1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案
湖北大学教务-战争作文
1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I:
Structure and Vocabulary
In each sentence,
decide which of the four choices given will most
suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the
place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
1. The board deemed it
urgent that these files ________ right away.
[A] had to be printed
[B] should have been
printed
[C] must be printed
[D] should be
printed
2. The local health organization is
reported ________ twenty-five years ago when Dr.
Audon became its first
president.
[A] to
be set up
[B] being set up
[C] to have
been set up
[D] having been set up
3. The
school board listened quietly as John read the
demands that his followers ________ for.
[A]
be demonstrating
[B] demonstrate
[C] had
been demonstrating
[D] have demonstrated
4. Ted had told me that he always escapes
________ as he has got a very fast sport car.
[A] to fine
[B] to be fined
[C] being
fined
[D] having been fined
5. More than
one third of the Chinese in the United States live
in California, ________ in San Francisco.
[A]
previously
[B] predominantly
[C]
practically
1
[D] permanently
6.
Prof. Lee’s book will show you ________ can be
used in other contexts.
[A] that you have
observed
[B] that how you have observed
[C] how that you have observed
[D] how
what you have observed
7. All fights ________
because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the
train.
[A] were canceled
[B] had been
canceled
[C] having canceled
[D] having
been canceled
8. The new secretary has written
a remarkably ________ report only in a few pages
but with all the details.
[A] concise
[B]
clear
[C] precise
[D] elaborate
9.
With prices ________ so much, it’s hard for the
company to plan a budget.
[A] fluctuating
[B] waving
[C] swinging
[D] vibrating
10. Expert say walking is one of the best ways
for a person to ________ healthy.
[A] preserve
[B] stay
[C] maintain
[D] reserve
11. Expected noises are usually more ________
than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.
[A] manageable
[B] controllable
2
[C] tolerable
[D] perceivable
12. It isn’much whether he works hard; the
question is whether he works ________. t so
[A] above all
[B] in all
[C] at all
[D] after all
13. There is an incorrect
assumption among scientists and medical people
that everyone agrees ________ what
constitutes
a benefit to an individual.
[A] on
[B]
with
[C] to
[D] in
14. All the
information we have collected in relation to that
case ________ very little.
[A] makes up for
[B] adds up to
[C] comes up with
[D]
puts up with
15. A really powerful speaker can
________ the feelings of the audience to the fever
of excitement.
[A] work out
[B] work over
[C] work at
[D] work up
16. Before the
students set off, they spent much time setting a
limit ________ the expenses of the trip.
[A]
to
[B] about
[C] in
[D] for
17.
According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud,
wisdom comes from the ________ of maturity.
3
[A] fulfillment
[B]
achievement
[C] establishment
[D]
accomplishment
18. From the tears in
Nedra
[A] must have occurred
[B] would have
occurred
[C] might be occurring
[D] should
occur
19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier
for the meeting ________ you don
[A] provided
[B] unless
[C] though
[D] until
20. Hardly a month goes by without ________ of
another survey revealing new depths of scientific
illiteracy
among U.S. citizens.
[A] words
[B] a word
[C] the word
[D] word
21. If you ________ Jerry Brown until
recently, you
[A] shouldn
[B] didn
’t
contact
’d think the photograph on the right
was strange.
’t mind taking the night
train.
’s eyes we can deduce that something sad
________.
’t contact
[C] weren’t to
contact
[D] hadn’t contacted
22. Some
teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against
society, which ________ them the rights and
privileges of adults, although physically they
are mature.
[A] deprives
[B] restricts
4
[C] rejects
[D] denies
23.
I must go now. ________, if you want that book
I
[A] Incidentally
[B] Accidentally
[C]
Occasionally
[D] Subsequently
24. There is
no reason they should limit how much vitamin you
take, ________ they can limit how much water
you drink.
[A] much more than
[B] no
more than
[C] no less than
[D] any more
than
25. Though ________ in San Francisco,
Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the
plain facts of
small-town life.
[A] raised
[B] grown
[C] developed
[D] cultivated
26. Most electronic devices of this kind,
________ manufactured for such purposes, are
tightly packed.
[A] that are
[B] as are
[C] which is
[D] it is
27. As for the
winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most
of ________ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the
dawn.
[A] what
[B] that
[C] which
’ll bring it next time.
5
[D]
such
28. Achieving a high degree of
proficiency in English as a foreign language is
not a mysterious ________ without
scientific
basic.
[A] process
[B] practice
[C]
procedure
[D] program
29. We cannot always
________ the wind, so new windmills should be so
designed that they can also be driven by
water.
[A] hang on
[B] count on
[C] hold on
[D] come on
30. The storm
sweeping over this area now is sure to cause
________ of vegetables in the coming days.
[A]
rarity
[B] scarcity
[C] invalidity
[D]
variety
Section II: Reading Comprehension
Each of the passages below is followed by some
questions. For each question there are four
answers marked [A],
[B], [C], and [D]. Read
the passages carefully and choose the answer to
each of the questions. Then mark your
answer
on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the
corresponding letter in the brackets. (30 points)
Text 1
Is language, like food, a basic
human need without which a child at a critical
period of life can be starved and
damaged?
Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick
II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to
discover what language a child would speak if
he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to
keep silent.
All the infants died before the
first year. But clearly there was more than lack
of language here. What was missing
was good
mothering. Without good mothering, in the first
year of life especially, the capacity to survive
is seriously
affected.
6
Today
no such severe lack exists as that ordered by
Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still
backward in
speaking. Most often the reason
for this is that the mother is insensitive to the
signals of the infant, whose brain is
programmed to learn language rapidly. If these
sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time
for acquiring skills
passes and they might
never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to
sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but
the process is slow and hard once the critical
stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech
stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a
constant age, but there are cases where
speech
has started late in a child who eventually turns
out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby
smiles and
makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve
months he can speak simple words and understand
simple commands; at
eighteen months he has a
vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he
knows about 1,000 words which he can put
into
sentences, and at four his language differs from
that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is
born with the capacity to speak. What is special
about man’s brain,
compared with that of the
monkey, is the complex system which enables a
child to connect the sight and feel of, say,
a
toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And
even more incredible is the young brain’s ability
to pick out
order in language from the mixture
of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and
recombine the parts of a
language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends
on interaction between the mother and the child,
where the mother
recognizes the signals in the
child’s babbling (咿呀学语), grasping and smiling, and
responds to them.
Insensitivity of the mother
to these signals dulls the interaction because the
child gets discouraged and sends out
only the
obvious signals. Sensitivity to the
child
language.
31. The purpose of
Frederick II’s experiment was ________.
-verbal
signals is essential to the growth and development
of ’s non
[A] to prove that children are born
with the ability to speak
[B] to discover what
language a child would speak without hearing any
human speech
[C] to find out what role careful
nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged
without learning a language
32. The reason
some children are backward in speaking is most
probably that ________.
[A] they are incapable
of learning language rapidly
[B] they are
exposed to too much language at once
[C] their
mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to
speak
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[D] their mothers are not
intelligent enough to help them
33. What is
exceptionally remarkable about a child is that
________.
[A] he is born with the capacity to
speak
[B] he has a brain more complex than an
animal
[C] he can produce his own sentences
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
34. Which of the following can NOT be inferred
from the passage?
[A] The faculty of speech is
inborn in man.
[B] Encouragement is anything
but essential to a child in language learning.
[C] The child’s brain is highly selective.
’ｓ
[D] Most children learn their language
in definite stages.
35. If a child starts to
speak later than others, he will ________.
[A]
have a high IQ
[B] be less intelligent
[C]
be insensitive to verbal signals
[D] not
necessarily be backward
Text 2
In general,
our society is becoming one of giant enterprises
directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management
in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog
in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher
wages,
well-ventilated factories and piped
music, and by psychologists and “-relationshuman”
experts; yet all this oiling
does not alter
the fact that man has become powerless, that he
does not wholeheartedly participate in his work
and
that he is bored with it. In fact, the
blue- and the white-collar workers have become
economic puppets who dance to
the tune of
automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only
because they might find themselves out of a job;
they are anxious
also because they are unable
to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in
life. They live and die without ever
having
confronted the fundamental realities of human
existence as emotionally and intellectually
independent and
productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no
less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than
those of their
subordinates. They are even
more insecure in some respects. They are in a
highly competitive race. To be promoted
8
or to fall behind is not a matter
of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.
When they apply for their first job,
they are
tested for intelligence as well as for the tight
mixture of submissiveness and independence. From
that
moment on they are tested again and again
-- by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big
business, and by their
superiors, who judge
their behavior, sociability, capacity to get
along, etc. This constant need to prove that one
is as
good as or better than one
and
illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return
to the preindustrial mode of production or to
nineteenth-century “free
enterprisecapitalism?
” Certainly not. Problems are never solved by
returning to a stage which one has already
outgrown. I suggest transforming our social
system from a bureaucratically managed
industrialism in which
maximal production and
consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist
industrialism in which man and full
development of his potentialities -- those of
love and of reason -- are the aims of all social
arrangements.
Production and consumption
should serve only as means to this end, and should
be prevented from ruling man.
36. By “a well-
oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to
render the idea that man is ________.
’s
function is negligible
’-competitor creates
constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of
unhappiness s fellow
[A] a necessary part of
the society though each individual
[B] working
in complete harmony with the rest of the society
[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the
rest of the society, though functioning smoothly
[D] a humble component of the society,
especially when working smoothly
37. The real
cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees
is that ________.
[A] they are likely to lose
their jobs
[B] they have no genuine
satisfaction or interest in life
[C] they are
faced with the fundamental realities of human
existence
[D] they are deprived of their
individuality and independence
38. From the
passage we can infer that real happiness of life
belongs to those ________.
[A] who are at the
bottom of the society
[B] who are higher up in
their social status
[C] who prove better than
their fellow-competitors
[D] who could keep
far away from this competitive world
39. To
solve the present social problems the author
suggests that we should ________.
[A] resort
to the production mode of our ancestors
9
[B] offer higher wages to the
workers and employees
[C] enable man to fully
develop his potentialities
[D] take the
fundamental realities for granted
40. The
author
[A] approval
[B] dissatisfaction
[C] suspicion
[D] tolerance
Text 3
When an invention is made, the inventor has
three possible courses of action open to him: he
can give the invention
to the world by
publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.
A granted patent is the result of a bargain
struck between an inventor and the state, by which
the inventor gets a
limited period of monopoly
(垄断) and publishes full details of his invention
to the public after that period
terminates.
Only in the most exceptional circumstances is
the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this
normal process of
events.
The longest
extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his
1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was
extended until 1971 because for most of the
pa
hope of reward for the invention.
tent’s
normal life there was no colour TV to receive and
thus no
’s attitude towards industrialism
might best be summarized as one of ________.
Because a patent remains permanently public
after it has terminated, the shelves of the
library attached to the patent
office contain
details of literally millions of ideas that are
free for anyone to use and, if older than half a
century,
sometimes even re-patent. Indeed,
patent experts often advise anyone wishing to
avoid the high cost of conducting
a search
through live patents that the one sure way of
avoiding violation of any other
inventor
plagiarize a dead patent.
Likewise, because publication of an idea in
any other form permanently invalidates further
patents on that idea, it is
traditionally safe
to take ideas from other areas of print. Much
modern technological advance is based on these
presumptions of legal security.
Anyone
closely involved in patents and inventions soon
learns that most
’right s is to
“new”
ideas are, in fact, as ol
10
It is
their reduction to commercial practice, either
through necessity or dedication, or through the
availability
new technology, that makes news
and money. The basic patent for the theory of
magnetic recording dates back to
1886. Many of
the original ideas behind television originate
from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even
the
of
Volkswagen rear engine car was
anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the
horse at the rear.
41. The passage is mainly
about ________.
[A] an approach to patents
[B] the application for patents
[C] the
use of patents
[D] the access to patents
42. Which of the following is TRUE according
to the passage?
[A] When a patent becomes out
of effect, it can be re-patented or extended if
necessary.
[B] It is necessary for an inventor
to apply for a patent before he makes his
invention public.
[C] A patent holder must
publicize the details of his invention when its
legal period is over.
[D] One can get all the
details of a patented invention from a library
attached to the patent office.
43. George
Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because
________.
[A] nobody would offer any reward
for his patent prior to that time
[B] his
patent could not be put to use for an unusually
long time
[C] there were not enough TV
stations to provide colour programmes
[D] the
colour TV receiver was not available until that
time
44. The word “plagiarize” (line 8, Para.
5) most probably means “________.
[A] steal and
use
[B] give reward to
[C] make public
[D] take and change
45. From the passage
we learn that ________.
[A] an invention will
not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to
commercial practice
[B] products are actually
inventions which were made a long time ago
[C]
it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new
one
[D] patent experts often recommend patents
to others by conducting a search through dead
patents
”
11
Section III: Close
Test
For each numbered blank in the following
passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B],
[C], and [D]. Choose
the best one and mark
your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the
corresponding letter in the brackets.
(15
points)
Although interior design has existed
since the beginning of architecture, its
development into a specialized field is
really
quite recent. Interior designers have become
important partly because of the many functions
that might be
__46__ in a single large
building.
The importance of interior design
becomes __47__ when we realize how much time we
__48__ surrounded by four
walls. Whenever we
need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be
__49__ attractive and comfortable as
possible.
We also expect __50__ place to be appropriate to
its use. You would be __51__ if the inside of your
bedroom were suddenly changed to look __52__
the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’feel t
__53__ in a
business office that has the
appearance of a school.
It soon becomes clear
that the interior designer’most s important basic
__54__ is the function of the particular
__55__. For example, a theater with poor sight
lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and __56__
few entries and
exits will not work for __57__
purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be
__58__. Nevertheless, for any kind
of space,
the designer has to make many of the same kind of
__59__. He or she must coordinate the shapes,
lighting
and decoration of everything from
ceiling to floor. __60__ addition, the designer
must usually select furniture or
design built-
in furniture, according to the functions that need
to be served.
46. [A] consisted
[B]
contained
[C] composed
[D] comprised
47. [A] obscure
[B] attractive
[C]
appropriate
[D] evident
48. [A] spend
[B] require
[C] settle
12
[D] retain
49. [A] so
[B]
as
[C] thus
[D] such
50. [A] some
[B] any
[C] this
[D] each
51. [A]
amused
[B] interested
[C] shocked
[D]
frightened
52. [A] like
[B] for
[C] at
[D] into
53. [A] correct
[B] proper
[C] right
[D] suitable
54. [A] care
[B] concern
[C] attention
[D]
intention
55. [A] circumstance
[B]
environment
[C] surroundings
[D] space
13
56. [A] too
[B] quite
[C]
a
[D] far
57. [A] their
[B] its
[C] those
[D] that
58. [A] painted
[B] covered
[C] ornamented
[D]
decorated
59. [A] solutions
[B]
conclusions
[C] decisions
[D]
determinations
60. [A] For
[B] In
[C]
As
[D] With
Section IV: Error-detection
and Correction
Each of the following sentences
has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C],
and [D]. Identify the part of the
sentence
that is incorrect and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding
letter in
the brackets. Then, without altering
the meaning of the sentence, write down your
correction on the line on the
ANSWER SHEET.
(10 points)
EXAMPLE:
A number of [A]
foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial
exhibition which [C] they saw [D] many new
products.
Answer [C] is wrong because the
sentence should read, “A number of foreign
visitors were taken to the
industria
14
exhibition where they
saw many new products.
line.
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [●] [D] where
” So you should
choose [C] and write the correction “
61. He
cannot tell the difference between true [A] praise
and flattering [B] statements making [C] only to
gain [D]
his favor.
62. They want to
expose those educational [A] disadvantaged
students to creative, enriching [B] educational
experiences [C] for a five-year [D] period.
63. The changes that took [A] place in air
travel during [B] the last sixty years would have
seemed [C] completely
impossible to even the
most brilliant scientists at [D] the turn of the
19th century.
64. I don’t think it [A]
advisable that he will be assigned [B] to the job
since he has no [C] experience whatsoever
[D].
65. Beethoven, the great musician, wrote [A]
nine symphonies in his life, most of them were
written [B] after he
had lost [C] his hearing
[D].
66. Mr. Jankin regretted to blame [A] his
secretary for [B] the mistake, for [C] he later
discovered [D] it was his
own fault.
67.
As for [A] the influence of computerization,
nowhere we have seen [B] the results more clearly
than in the U.S.
[C], which really have
surprised [D] us all.
68. At times [A], more
care goes into [B] the composition of newspaper
and magazine advertisements than
writing [C]
of features [D] and editorials.
69. It is
required by law that a husband have to pay [A] the
debts of his wife until [B] formal notice is given
that
[C] he no longer has to pay her [D].
70. Over [A] the years, a large number of
overseas students have studied [B] at that
university in the result [C] that
it has [D]
acquired substantial experience in dealing with
them.
Section V: English-Chinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then
translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(15 points)
(71) The method of scientific
investigation is nothing but the expression of the
necessary mode of working of the
human mind;
it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are
reasoned about and given precise and exact
explanation. There is no more difference, but
there is just the same kind of difference, between
the mental
the
15
operations of
a man of science and those of an ordinary person,
as there is between the operations and methods of
a
baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods
in common scales, and the operations of a chemist
in performing a
difficult and complex analysis
by means of his balance and finely graded weights.
(72) It is not that the scales in the
one
case, and the balance in the other, differ in the
principles of their construction or manner of
working; but that
the latter is a much finer
apparatus and of course much more accurate in its
measurement than the former.
You will
understand this better, perhaps, if I give you
some familiar examples. (73) You have all heard it
repeated
that men of science work by means of
induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of
these operations, they,
in a sort of sense,
manage to extract from Nature certain natural
laws, and that out of these, by some special skill
of
their own, they build up their theories.
(74) And it is imagined by many that the
operations of the common mind
can be by no
means compared with these processes, and that they
have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
To hear all these large words, you would think
that the mind of a man of science must be
constituted differently
from that of his
fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by
terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong,
and that all these terrible apparatus are
being used by yourselves every day and every hour
of your lives.
There is a well-known incident
in one of Motiere’s plays, where the author makes
the hero express unbounded
delight on being
told that he had been talking prose (散文) during
the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust
that
you will take comfort, and be delighted
with yourselves, on the discovery that you have
been acting on the
principles of inductive and
deductive philosophy during the same period. (75)
Probably there is not one here who
has not in
the course of the day had occasion to set in
motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very
same kind,
though differing in degree, as that
which a scientific man goes through in tracing the
causes of natural phenomena.
Section VI:
Writing
DIRECTIONS:
[A] Title:
ADVERTISEMENT ON TV
[B] Time limit: 40 minutes
[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including
the given opening sentence)
[D] Your
composition should be based at the OUTLINE below
and should start with the given opening sentence:
“Today more and more advertisements are seen
on the TV screen.
[E] Your composition must be
written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
OUTLINE:
l. Present state
”
16
2. Reasons
3. My
comments
1993年参考答案
Section I: Structure and
Vocabulary (15 points)
1. [D] 2. [C] 3. [C] 4.
[C] 5. [B]
6. [D] 7. [D] 8. [A] 9. [A] 10. [B]
11. [C] 12. [C] 13. [A] 14. [B] 15. [D]
16. [A] 17. [B] 18. [A] 19. [A] 20. [D]
21. [D] 22. [D] 23. [A] 24. [D] 25. [A]
26. [B] 27. [A] 28. [A] 29. [B] 30. [B]
Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)
31. [B] 32. [C] 33. [C] 34. [B] 35. [D]
36. [C] 37. [D] 38. [D] 39. [C] 40. [B]
41. [D] 42. [C] 43. [B] 44. [A] 45. [A]
Section III: Cloze Test (15 points)
46.
[B] 47. [D] 48. [A] 49. [B] 50. [D]
51. [C]
52. [A] 53. [C] 54. [B] 55. [D]
56. [A] 57.
[B] 58. [D] 59. [C] 60. [B]
Section IV: Error-
detection and Correction (10 points)
61. [C]
made 62. [A] educationally
63. [A] have taken
64. [B] (should) be assigned
65. [B] written
66. [A] having blamed
67. [B] have we seen 68.
[C] into the writing
69. [D] to pay them 70.
[C] with the result
Section V: English-Chinese
Translation (15 points)
71. 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必
要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨
解释的表达方式。
72. 这并不是
说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是
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说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。
73.
你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，在某种意义上说，力求从
自然
界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。
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. 许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种
专门训练才能掌握。
75. 在座的诸位中，大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动
，这些思考活动与科学家
在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在类型上是完
全一样的。
Section VI: Writing (15 points)
76.
参考范文（略）
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