喝咖啡的礼仪-遗体告别仪式主持词

16年翻译硕士考研详解与指导
北京语言大学翻译硕士英语测试卷
1.
单选
laryandgrammar(1*20points)
SectionIMultip leChoice
ChoosefromA,B,CorDtheONEthatbestcomple testhesentenceandmarkyourchoiceon
theANSWERSHEE T.
nethatinthestormwascarryingagroupofentertain ersonroutetothe
InternationalFine-artWorksExpos ition.
d
urDaytheworkerswillmarchinthroughth etown.
ssion
ttohavehadthestrengthto

hisfeelingandtheself-controlnottolosehistemper.
ve
don’tlingeronthe;keepmovingalong,andfindyou rseatasquicklyaspossible.

-boatblockadeEngl and’sfoodshortageduringWordWarII.
ed
lanatio ngivenbythecongressmanyeaterdaywasnotatalltous.
ying
alwaysrushingtoopendoorsand
apologizin gunnecessarilyforanyinconveniencethatshemighthavec aused.
scent
cherwastohistradingofhomeassign mentsandhistreatmentofoffenders.
hetic
ke

smoothlythroughtheluxuriantgrass.

.’db etternottakehisremarkstooseriously,whichapparently were
ic
ompletelybyhertaleofhardship.
n2015年8月
1
p

roristsmighthaveplan tedabombonaplaneinAthens,setto
NewYork.
ffngerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplanedo nly
technology.
ueof
thersaidshewould
beforesupper.
ne
whenitarrivedin
familiar itywith
hersonwashingthedishesifhecouldfinishhi sassignment

ecidedtopresentsatthebeginning, whichmademefeelatlost.

ver
on
thebuso nlyjustintimetoavoidhittingtheboy.
up
keothe rs,thewidowhadtolearntoaverysmallincome.
wn
hepreparations,youfirsthavetohowmanypeopleshouldbe invitedtothe
wedding.
out
ranceexaminatio nisverydifficult,soonlyasmallminorityofcandidates< br>.

and,theIndiansreceivedgoodsandsupplies .
angefor
ciated
given
changefor
th eopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.
given
tapresenttomyfriendwhenhegotmarriedlastmonth.
n otmade
2.
阅读（
30MIN
）
TEXTA
ays, wheneverIcastmyeyesuponthestacksof
shoesandhang ersofshirts,sweatersandjackets,Iseewater.
Ittak es569gallonstomanufactureaT-shirt,fromitsstartinth ecottonfieldstoitsappearanceon
frunningshoes?1, 247gallons.
2015年8月
2

Untillastfal l,Idbeenoblivioustomyfootprintwhichisdefinedasthet otalvolumeof
freshwaterthatisusedtoproducegoods andservices,
Dutchnonprofithasbeenworkingtorais eawarenessoffreshwaterscarcitysince2008,butitwasenthatIwasabletoseehowmyownactions
factoredin .
Iveinstalledgray-watersystemstoreusethewastew aterfrommylaundry,machineandbathtuband
reroutei ttomylandscape-systemsthatsave,onaverage,uprain
barrelsandinfiltrationpitstocollectthousandsofgal lonsofstormwatercascadingfrommyroof.
Iveevenent eredthelastbastionofgreendom-installingacomposting toilet.
Sufficetosay,Ivebeenfeelingprettysatisf iedwithmyselfforallthedrinkingwaterIvesavedwith
thesebig-ticketprojects.
NowIrealizethatmydail yconsumptionchoicescouldhaveanevenlargereffect
–
notonlyonthe
localwatersupplybutalsoglobal ly:1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstofreshwater,and,in the
future,thosewhodohaveaccesswillhavelessofit .
Toseehowmuchvirtualwater1wasusing,Iloggedonto theBlueBookwebsiteandused
itswaterfootprintcalc ulator,ngupthewaterfootprint
ofmybreakfast,lunc h,dinnerandsnacks,aswellasmydailydoseofover-the- counteruppersand
downers-coffee,wineandbeer-Imu sing512gallonsofvirtualwatereachdayjusttofeedmysel f.
Inaword:alarming.
lya
clotheshorse,but thefewnewitemsIbuyonceagaintrumpedtheamountofwater flowingfrommy
riousaboutsavingwater,IrealizedIc ouldmakesomesimplelifestyle
gmorecloselyatthear easinmylifethatusethemostvirtualwater,itwasfoodand
clothes,specificallymeat,coffeeand,oddly,bluej eansandleatherjackets.
Beingamotorcyclist,
s 7,,leatherbeinga
s2,866gallonsofwatertomakeasin glepairofbluejeans,becausetheyre
madefromwater- hoggingcotton.
Crunchingthenumbersfortheamounto fclothesIbuyeveryyear,itlooksalotlikemyfriends
reclosetisborderlineOlympic.
Gulp.
earandsoc ksare,ofcourse,exemptfromthis
strategy,,Idbeend oing
hesoutrageouswaterfootprintjustreintbrcedi tforme.
Moreconsciouslivingandsubstitution,rath erthansacrifice,aretheprevailingideaswiththewater< br>Imtrying,amburgerrecently,andI
enjoyeditalot moresinceitisnowanoccasionaltreatratherthanaweekly habit.
(Onegallon=3.8litres)
ingtothepassage ,theWaterFootprintNetwork
eauthorawareoffreshwa tershortage.
theauthorgettoknowtheGreenBlueBook .
forfreshwaterconservationfornonprofitpurposes .
oratedwiththeGreenBlueBookinfreshwaterconserv ation.
fthefollowingreasonscanbestexplaintheaut horsfeelingofself-satisfaction?
2015年8月
3

contributiontodrinkingwaterconservationinh isownway.
pentonupgradinghishouseholdfacilities wasworthwhile.
sewasequippedwithadvancedwater-s avingfacilities.
dhavemadeevengreatercontributi onbychanginghislifestyle.
ingtothecontext,mvown actionsfactoredinmeans
uldcontributetowatercons ervation.
fortsIshouldmaketosavefreshwater.
haviourcouldbecountedasfreshwater-saving.
hofwh atIdidcontributedtofreshwatershortage.
ingtothe passage,theauthorwasmorealarmedbythefactthat
av ingmoremeatandcoffee.
thesusedevenmorevirtualwa ter.
lytherewillbelessfreshwater.
estylewast ooextravagant.
closetisborderlineOlympicisanexa mpleof
y.
ism.
thetoneoftheauthorinthelas tparagraph?
us.
TEXTB
InhernovelofAmerica nStyleRonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunionmorethana< br>soawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackof nearlyallour
ydobetterthanI?
ingtoastudycond uctedby
socialpsychologistJackSparacino,theover whelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsarentthere
inv idiouslytocod,
theyhope,primarily,torelivetheir earliersuccesses.
Certainly,afewreturntoshowthe irformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoy< br>observingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclass mates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).
Butthema joritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethego odtimestheyrememberhaving
tudy,Sparacinofoundth at,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshad
beenmorepo pular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolve dinextracurricularactivities
sewhoturnedupatthe irreunions,then,the
oldtimeswerealsothegoodtime s!
ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondne ssforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.
Majorle aguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgrou ps,highschoolandcollege
graduates,tion,familyre unions
frequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfaraw ayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimeto
reun ite.
Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithf riends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobably
nodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericansh avecreatedamind-bogglingnumberand
varietyofinst itutio,
reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleve ntsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,inthe
pro cess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.
2015年8月
4

ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saystha tChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseach
rva tiveestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,ime,allhig h
schoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,astfe wyears,
however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredth elabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasingly
bein gplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-tim evolunteers.
tesof
Pennsylvania,Princeton,St anford,heendofthe19thcentury,
most4-yearinstitu tionswereholdingalumnireunions.
ceton,alumnipar adethroughthetownwearing
ettaCollege,theygather foradinner-dance
onasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiv er.
Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshiporm archingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,by
itself, whodecideto
attendtheirreunionsshareacommoniden titybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetheras
sreason, universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond
–for
example,becausetheyarerelativelysmallores peciallyprestigious-tendtodrawsubstantial
fortt oenhancethiscommonidentity,largercolleges
andun iversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparti cipationinsmallerunits,suchas
encouragereunions forgroupsofformercheerleaders,
editors,fraterni tymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizations oncampus,andthelike.
Ofcourse,tswhograduateddur ingthe
repartofthe
generationthatconductedsi t-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrator s,protested
generationhasa
commonidentity,th ey
entertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetohol dunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthis
periodma ynotwishtoattendclassreunions.
ingtothepassage, Sparacinosstudy
edstrongevidenceforJaffesstatem ent.
thatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstud y.
hatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexpe rience.
videnceforattendeesintensedesireforshow ingoffsuccess.
eunions?
eunionsareusuallyocc asionstoshowoffonesrecentsuccess.
nsareregulara ndformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagencies.
eunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusiness.
eunionsha vebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities.
inlyattract smanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?
ietyofac tivitiesforclassreunion.
cialstatustheirunivers ityenjoys.
experiencebeyondthecampus.
underg raduateexperienceoncampus.
toricalfunctionofthe firstparagraphisto
uceRonaJeffesnovel.
2015年 8月
5

ttheauthorscounterargument.
s preludetotheauthorsargument.
ntofocuscontrastin gopinions.
thepassagemainlyabout?
sforpopula rityand(non)attendanceforalumnireunions.
ricalp erspectiveforalumnireunionsintheUnitedStates.
r eunionsandAmericanuniversitytraditions.
reunion anditssocialandeconomicimplications.
TEXTC
< br>zara,astocky,bald-headedman
whoworkedinachan geboothonanIRTstation,livedonthenextblockafterGeor ges,aboveashoe
,duringthehotweather,hesatonhiss toopinanundershirt,readingtheNew
itfromthefirst pagetothelast,then
thetimehewasreadingthepaper, hiswife,afatwomanwithawhiteface,
leanedoutofthe window,gazingintothestreet,herthickwhitearmsfolded underherloosebreast,
onthewindowledge.
zarac amehomedrunk,rmadeany
trouble,odrunkhe
looke dthesameasalways,exceptforhistightwalk,thequietnes s,andthathiseyeswerewet.
zarabecauseheremembere dhimgivinghimnickelstobuylemonicewith
d
diff erentquestionsthantheotherswhenhemetyou,andheseeme dtoknowwhatwentoninallthe
them,ashisfatsickwife watchedfromthewindow.
areyoudoingwithyourselfth issummer,George?walkin
aroundatnight.
walk.< br>areyoudoininthedaynow?
tshamedhimtoadmitthat hewasntworking,
Georgesaid,readingalottopickupm yeducation.
areyoureadin?
Georgehesitated,th ensaid,gotalistofbooksinthelibraryonceandnowImgonn areadthem
strangeandalittleunhappysayingthis,za rato
respecthim.
manybooksarethereonit?
r oundahundred.
zarawhistledthroughhisteeth.
f igureifldidthat,Georgewentonearnestly,wouldhelpmei nmyeducation.1dontmeanthe
oknowdifferentthingst hantheylearnthere,ifyouknow
whatImean.
,oneh undredbooksisaprettybigloadforone
summer.
mi ghttakelonger.
yourefinishedwithsome,maybeyouan dIcanshootthebreezeaboutthem?saidMr.
2015年8月
6

Cattanzara.
Imfinished,Georgeanswe red.
hat,thoughhehadtheurgeto,
ltookhiswalks atnight,endingupinthelittlepark.
Butoneeveningt heshoemakeronthenextblockstoppedGeorgetosayhewasag oodboy,and
e
shoemakeritmusthavegonedownthes treet,becauseGeorgesawacoupleofpeoplesmilingkindly
athim,alittlebetteraroundtheneighbourhoodandlikeditmore,everexactlydisliked
thepeopleinit ,hefaultoftheneighbourhood.
Tohissurprise,Georg efoundoutthathisfatherandhissisterSophieknewabouth isreadingtoo.
Hisfatherwastooshytosayanythingab outit-hewasnevermuchofatalkerinhiswholelife--butSophiewassoftertoGeorge,andsheshowedhiminotherwa ysshewasproudofhim.
xcerpt,zarawasdescribedasam anwho
awideinterest.
ogossipafterwork.
ei nferredfromthepassagethat
zarawassurprisedatGeo rgesreadingplan.
arawasdoubtfulaboutGeorgethrou ghout.
wasforcedtotellalieandthenregretted.
liedatthebeginningandthenbecameserious.
zara,Ge orge
edthesameasusual.
zara.
olikehisneig hboursmorethanever.
uedtoreadthebooksfromthelis t.
ellfromtheexcerptthatGeorge
itherclosenor distantrelationshipwithhisfather.
satisfiedwith hislifeandsurroundings.
hathissisterremainedske pticalabouthim.
isneighbourslikedtopoketheirnos eintohim.
TEXTD
AbrahamLincolnturns200thisye ar,sbirthdayarrives,
onFebruary12,Congresswillh oldaspecialjointsessionintheCapitolsNationalStatua ryHall,a
wreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWa shington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassrooms
fo rahonouringhismemory.
Admirableastheyare,though ,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequat e,even
halfhearted--andanothersignthatourapprec iationforthe16thpresidentandhistowering
donthav etobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisis
some thingwecantaffordtolose.
Comparethisyearscelebr ationwiththeLincolncentennial,ar,Lincolnslikeness< br>madeitsdebutonthepenny,aryoftheTreasury.
Com munitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecount ryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,
lectures,lfe eltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909led
2015年8月
7

totheLincolnMemorial,opened in1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscont inental
thoroughfare.
nspresidencywasstillal iving
2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSeco ndWorld
WarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;families stillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawful
nation altrauma.
ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:an unembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacute
se nseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespress inonthepresentandmakeuswhowe
are.
Onestorywi llillustratewhatlmtalkingabout.
In2003agroupofl ocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichm ond,Virginia,former
sofConfederate
Veteransh eldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarstot helegacyofLincoln.
Theverdict-nosurprise-wasneg ative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotali tariantoa
tellerofdirtyjokes.
Icoveredthecon ferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacoun ter-conferenceof
cholarsdrewapictureofLincolnth atonlyourtouchy-feely
whooversawthemostsavagewa rinourhistorywasdescribed- by
hisadmirers,remember-aswithambiguity.
Ife ltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveil ingoftheRichmondstatueina
subduedceremony:hesso small!
ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likene arlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalf
centur y,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconscio usrejectionoftheheroic-
approachableandhuman,ye s,butnotsomethingtolookupto.
TheRichmondepisode taughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainL incolns
rgenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildren tobelikeLincoln:
principled,kind,compassionate, ewantLincolntobelikeus.
Thishelpstoexplainthelo ngstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaL incolnmade
dLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic- depressive,Lincolnthe
businesssage,theconservat iveLincolnandtheliberalLincoln,theemancipatorandth eracist,the
stoicphilosopher,theChristian,theat heist-LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.
Whats oftenmissing,,though,i,sthetimelessLincoln,theLinc olnwhomallgenerations,ourown
nolessthanthatof19 09,orus,thosememorializersfromacenturyago-
and, throughthem,Lincolnhimself-haveleftusahin,colnMemo rial
isthemos,,wherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:
inthewordsheleftus,theLincolnwhocanbeendlessly
renewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthe powertorenewus.
horthinksthatthisyearscelebrati onisinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause
olnstat uewillbeunveiled.
rialcoinswillbeissued.
lar appreciationofLincolnwillbeseen.
vitiescanbecom paredtothosein1909.
ingtothepassage,whatreallym akesthe1909celebrationsdifferentfromthisyears?
tforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.
2015年8月
8< /p>

yandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.
uresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.
alproximityt oLincolnspresidency.
uthorsopinion,thecounter-c onference
iedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselecte dscholars.
dabrandnewreassessmentperspective.withsomewhatfavourableconclusions.
edinsimila rdisparagingremarksonLincoln.
ingtotheauthor,th eimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople
ms totraditionalimages.
tsthepresent- daytendencyofworship.
hepresent-daydesiretoemul ateLincoln.
sthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroe s.
fthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthe lastparagraph?
nsgreatnessremainsdespitethepass ageoftime.
orialissymbolicofthegreatmansachieve ments.
nerationhasitowninterpretationofLincoln.
gettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers
PARTVI WRITING(45MIN)
Arecentsurveyof2,000collegestude ntsaskedabouttheirattitudestowardsphonecallsand
text-messaging(alsoknownasShortMessageService)and foundthestudentsmaingoalwastopass
alonginformat ioninaslittletime,withaslittlesmalltalk,kemostabou t
theirmobiledevicesisthattheycanreachotherpeop le,saysNaomiBaron,aprofessorof
linguisticsatAme ricanUniversityinWashington,D.C.,ke
doyouagreew ithProfessorBaron?
Youaresupposedtowriteabout40 0words.
Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstate clearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpart
astp artyoushouldbringwhat
youhavewrittentoanaturalc onclusionormakeasummary.
Youshouldsupplyanappro priatetitleforyouressay.
Markswillbeawardedforc ontent,organization,etofollowthe
aboveinstructi onsmayresultinalossofmarks.
WriteyouressayonANS WERSHEETBelow
2015年8月
9

世界的普遍联系和永恒 发展是通过一系列基本环节实现的，对于这些基本环节的逻辑反映就是辩证法学说
的基本范畴。这些基本 范畴从不同方面反映世界的普遍联系和永恒发展。
(1)原因和结果
原因和结果是揭示事物的前 后相继、彼此制约的关系范畴。客观世界到处都存在着引起与被引起的普
遍联系，辩证法把这种引起与被 引起的关系称为因果关系。引起某种现象的现象叫原因，而被某种现象所
引起的现象叫结果。
原 因和结果的关系是辩证的：①原因和结果的区分既是确定的，又是不确定的;②原因和结果相互作
用，原 因产生结果，结果反过来影响原因，互为因果;③原因和结果互相渗透，结果存在于原因之中，原
因表现 在结果之中;④原因和结果的关系是复杂多样的，有一因多果、同因异果、一果多因、异因同果、
多因多 果、复合因果。正确把握事物的因果联系是自觉的实践活动的必要条件。
方法论意义：辩证地分析事物的 因果关系，分析存在和发展的不同原因及其不同结果，可以增强人们
活动的自觉性、预测性和调控性。< br>(2)必然性和偶然性
必然性和偶然性是揭示客观事物发生、发展和灭亡的不同趋势的范畴。必然 性是指事物联系和发展过
程中一定要发生、确定不移的趋势。偶然性是指事物联系和发展过程中并非确定 发生的,可以出现，也可
以不出现，可以这样出现，也可以那样出现的不确定的趋势。
必然性和 偶然性是对立统一的关系：①二者是有区别的，它们产生的原因、表现形式、在事物发展中
的地位和作用 不同;②必然性和偶然性又是统一的，必然性存在于偶然性之中，通过大量的偶然性表现出
来，并为自己 开辟道路;偶然性背后隐藏着必然性，受必然性的支配，偶然性是必然性的表现形式和补充;
必然性和偶 然性在一定条件下可以互相转化。
2015年8月
10

方法论意义：要 重视事物发展的必然性，把握事物发展的总趋势，又要善于从偶然中发现必然，把握
有利于事物发展的机 遇。
(3)可能性和现实性
可能性和现实性是揭示事物的过去、现在和将来的相互关系的范畴。 可能性是指事物发展过程中潜在
的东西，是包含在事物中并预示事物发展前途的种种趋势。现实性是指已 经产生出来的有内在根据、合乎
必然性的存在。把握事物的可能性，要注意区分可能性和不可能性、现实 的可能性和抽象(非现实)的可能
性、好的可能性和坏的可能性。
没有现实就没有可能，反过来 ，没有可能就没有现实，它们在一定条件下相互转化。
方法论意义：立足现实，展望未来，注意分析事物 发展的各种可能，发挥主观能动性，做好应对不利
情况的准备，争取实现好的可能。
(4)现象 和本质
现象和本质是揭示客观事物的外部表现和内部联系相互关系的范畴。现象是事物的外部联系和表面 特
征，人们可通过感官感知;本质是事物的内在联系和根本性质，只有靠人的理性思维才能把握。
一方面，现象和本质是有区别的。现象是事物的外部联系和表面特征，人们可通过感官感知，本质则
是 事物的内在联系和根本性质，只有靠人的理性思维才能把握;现象是个别的、具体的，而本质是一般的、
共同的;现象是多变的，本质则是相对稳定的;现象是生动、丰富的，本质是比较深刻、单纯的。现象有真
象和假象之分，假象与错觉不是一回事。
另一方面，现象和本质又是统一的，它们相互联系、相互依存 。任何本质都是通过现象表现出来，没
有不表现为现象的本质;任何现象都从一定的方面表现着本质，现 象是本质的外部表现，即使假象也是本
质的表现。
2015年8月
11

方法论意义：人们不能停留于现象而必须透过现象揭示本质。人们正是通过对事物现象的去粗取精、去伪存真、由此及彼、由表及里的认识过程，才能不断深化对事物本质的认识。透过现象揭示本质是科学研究的任务。
(5)内容和形式
内容和形式是揭示事物内在要素同这些要素的结构和表现方 式的关系范畴。内容是构成事物一切要素
的总和，是事物存在的基础。形式是内容诸要素相互结合的结构 和表现方式。
任何事物的内容都有一定的形式，任何形式也都有一定的内容，没有无内容的空洞的形式， 也没有无
形式的纯粹的内容。内容决定形式，形式反作用于内容。当形式适合内容时，对内容的发展起着 积极的推
动作用，当形式不适合内容时，对内容的发展起着消极的阻碍作用。
方法论意义：既要 重视内容，根据内容的需要决定形式的取舍、改造和创新;又要善于运用形式，发
挥其积极作用，利用和 创造必要的形式，适时地抛弃与内容不相适应的形式。
资料来源：
2015年8月
12