MTE Near Infra-redv Vs. Gas Chromatograhy Technology(HD)
包头师范学院-五年级下册数学题
MTE Near Infra-red Vs Chromatography
Technology
【MTE NRI Vs Chromatography
Technology】
Patrick Chiang蒋俊爵
EON Power
Technology (Shanghai) Ltd & Action Power Holding
Ltd (HK)
Published :September，2014
Abstract: Dissolved-Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA)
is proven technology for Oil Transformer Faulty
Diagnosis and Catastrophic Disaster Prevention
measurements. It is the key component or module
in today Transformer Online Monitoring System
TMS. However, very few people has profound
knowledge in understanding the technology
change and revolution as from traditional Gas
Chromatography (CG) to Photo Acoustic (PA) and
nowadays further advance to Near Infra-red (NIR).
In China, due to some special culture in
Power Grids and Electricity Companies. The
administration and management leaders are
always skillful in balancing the complexity of
inter-
personal relationship with different
interests groups. They are very seldom to listen
or to
give space for end users or suppliers to
rectify some wrong conception or wrong practices
which
are deemed creating today unfair
competition. Their mindset are conservative for
new technology
trials and applications.
This article is trying to use very plain and
easy wordings for non-technical background
people to illustrate the Gas Chromatography
(GC) technology is very fundamental and
traditional technology in daily works of
transformer oil DGA. However, GC is with many
constraints that it is not the best and idea
choice for the application in Transformer
On-
line Monitoring (TMS). We hereby to name
this application as OLDGA. Adversely, Near
Infra-
Red (NIR)is the latest Spectrum
Technology being developed by German for the
application
in OLDGA systems.
Key
Words: Gas Chromatography (CG), Photo Acoustic
(PA), Near Infra-red (NIR), Spectrum
Analysis
Technology, Absorbed Spectrum, Transformer Online
Monitoring (TMS) and On-line
Dissolved Gas in
Oil (OLDGA),MTE-Hydrocal 1008, GE KELMAN-Transfix,
SERVERON-TM8 AND
MORGAN SCHAFFER CLISTO 9.
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action Power H
olding Ltd Patrick 蒋俊爵 第 1 12页
MTE Near Infra-red Vs Chromatography Technology
Recently there is an obvious change in the
tender specification as from more than
several decades written for Chromatography
Technology gradually (GC) changed to Photo
Acoustic Technology (PA).
The author of
this article also received
many enquiries from
many transformer
manufacturers or product
traders asking
questions “is MTE using GC or
PA
technology?” They always remind me by
saying that the committee in the tender
board or key purchase decision makers know
nothing about those technologies. They only
request our return with simple answer
《Yes》
or《NO》. In review of such wrong market
practices and conducts, the author has a
moral responsibility to write this article
to help the general public, particular those
non-technical background user groups to
eliminate their《Bias & Misconception》
Under such intimidation, it provokes for the
only choice answer of《Yes》but with remark
of “compatible to” or “equivalent to”
due
to commercial considerations.
This is
the ill culture and practice under
today China
Business environment.
Professor Li Kai
Shing（李启盛院士中国电科
院）, DAN of China National EPRI
criticized
such “Yes-man” & “Myopia” culture
in the
Power & Energy industries. He said that
“Leaders and Managers of the Power Grids
or Electricity Companies are much focus
their attentions on the complexity of
inter-
personal relationship and balancing the
interests of different influential groups.
There are many abnormal situation in the
tender and purchasing practices. The
committee is being leaded by project head
with total no knowledge or interest on the
technology aspects. Layman are happy to
follow the hot gossip, they are very seldom
judging their decision according to the
Expert’s comments.
No need to say,
those person who are
requesting simple
response answer “Yes”
or No” is Layman.
Right Front (1) Prof. Li Kai Shing,
DAN of
China National EPRI, memory photo in
his
Beijing office.
In fact, we only
have 2 main categories in
Dissolved Gas-in-Oil
Analysis （DGA）
Technology
[A] Gas
Chromatography气相色谱 （GC） ，
In China, people
commonly named
as 《油色谱》。
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司
& 香港Action Power Holding Ltd Patrick 蒋俊爵 第
2 12页
MTE Near Infra-red Vs
Chromatography Technology
phaseis a carrier
gas, usually
an inert gas such as helium or an
unreactive
gas such as nitrogen. The
stationary phase
is a microscopic layer of
liquid or polymer
on an inert solid support,
inside a piece
of glass or metal tubing called
a column
(an homage to the fractionating
column used
in distillation). The instrument
used to
perform gas chromatography is called a
gas
chromatograph
separator
The gaseous compounds being analyzed
interact with the walls of the column, which
is coated with a stationary phase. This
causes each compound to elute at a different
time, known as the retention time of the
compound. The comparison of retention times
is what gives GC its analytical usefulness.
GC is invented in 1952 by a British
According to Wiki Encyclopedia, GC is
definite as:
Gas chromatography (GC), is
a common type
of chromatography used in
analytical
chemistry for separating and
analyzing
compounds that can be vaporized
without
decomposition. Typical uses of GC
include
testing the purity of a particular
substance,
or separating the different
components of a
mixture (the relative amounts
of such
components can also be determined). In
some
situations, GC may help in identifying a
compound. In preparative chromatography, GC
can be used to prepare pure compounds from
a mixture.
In gas chromatography,
the mobile phase (or
This type of GC DGA
equipment is originally
designed and used in
laboratory environment.
However, with the
transformer users need for
On-line Monitoring
System (OLTMS),
manufacturers are starting to
modify the
laboratory equipment with adding on
remote
communication modules and to convert it
for
matching the needs of customers and
calling
Chemist – Martin APT.
(or
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action Power Holding Ltd Pa
trick 蒋俊爵 第 3 12页
MTE Near
Infra-red Vs Chromatography Technology
it as
Online “OLDGA” that it will
installed in open
area and inside the
transformer bay area.
In the market place, the most popular
products are coming from North America (USA
and Canada) such as SEVERON True Gas TM8 &
MORGAN SCHAFFER Calisto 9. Almost all the
China local manufacturers are supplying and
copying this type of GC technology products.
With many years on-field application
experience, end users discover the major
disadvantage of GC type OLDGA with the
following problems:
1. Carrier Gas
means the equipment need a
big cylinder of
Gas. This is consumable
media that needs
frequent replacement.
In order to reduce the
consumption of
gas, the supplier will tell the
end user
to set no more than one measurement
per
day and then it will extended up to 3
years usage life of gas inside the
cylinder. If you switch it to hourly
measurement, you have to replace your
cylinder in 3 or max. up to 6 months.
2.
Replacing cylinders is awful job due to
the
expensive and difficulties in
transportation
and importing purchase
from overseas for many
customers. Some
Power Substation are located
in very
remote locations. Some end customers
even stop using and forced to scrap their
allocated GC equipment after several
exercises of replacement of gas
cylinders.
User said “I am tortured
enough by submitting
the request forms
back to head office. We
always
encountered difficulties in arranging
the transportation of gas cylinders, you
know it is classified as dangerous goods
and not general transportation &
logistic
agents are allowed to handle
this type of
goods. Electricity Company
has a very
complicated allocation of job
duty and
responsibility system. In many
occasions, it
is very bureaucratic. This
type of manning and
labor of cylinder
exchange will involve or
intercourse
with various departments. Nobody
is
willing to take full responsibility for
this replacement job.”
Carrier gas cylinder bottle
<
br>作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action Power Holding Ltd
Patrick 蒋俊爵 第 4 12页
MTE Near
Infra-red Vs Chromatography Technology
3. No
substation manager or safety manager
is
welcome and willing to see a
pressurized gas
cylinder inside their
transformer bays. Even
some smart
manufacturer is trying to
undercover it
by storing the cylinders into a
tall &
big equipment cabinet.
4. Oil
Leakage
is very
sensitive fault
for
the user or
operator
According
of
to
5. Vacuum & Oil Pumps Failure, Air
Injected
into Transformer.
This is the
most critical failure of GC
type OLDGA with
external oil circulation
piping and networks.
In case it uses
vacuum pump for degassing the
dissolved
gasses in oil, any negligence in
maintenance, the diaphragm of the pump
will leak and then air being pumped and
injected into the power transformer. In
HK
and Shanghai, some critical accident
and
transformer tripped accidents were
concluded
with above pump failure in the
investigation
reports of those
Electricity Companies. Oil
pump failures
is also very common problem due
to the
long distance of external pumping
networks, the oil pump is working under
stress all times.
transformer.
general
experience, oil
leakage is
very
rare found with
the transformer main
body tank. However,
this type of GC equipment
are required
two external oil piping for oil
pump-in
and pump-out operations. Mechanical
and
human operation errors are commonly
clauses for the oil leakage from this
external oil piping and networks. End
user
said the safety and durability of
our power
transformer is designed for
very high safety
grade. However, this
type of external piping
dramatically
decreased the safety index of the
transformer. In some incident cases, the
external air is being pumped into the
transformer tank due to the leakage in
the
external piping or the oil pump of
GC
equipment. It causes our Power
Transformer
tripped and stopped for
services.
Big v
acuum &
oil pumping
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港A
ction Power Holding Ltd Patrick 蒋俊爵 第 5 1
2页
MTE Near Infra-red Vs Chromatography
Technology
6. Chromatography Column or Cord
only have
services life of approx. 2 ~ 3
years。
Standarc Gas
Cylinder for
cali
bration of
GC
periodically.
Thermo heat
constant Bath
6-way
Valve
[B] Spectrum
(Spectroscopy) is
the 2nd categories
of DGA with today
advancing
technology
development, it
will certainly the
replacement of GC
technology
Transformer
Many people has a false
perception that
Photo Acoustic （PA）is the most
advance
spectrum technology. In contrast, PA
is
just the starting point of us for the
exploration of usage of spectrum
technology but not its finalization of
particularly
DGA Online
for the
Monitoring
are the key for good and
accuracy
performance of GC DGA equipment. Gas
leakage, blockage, flow and pressure
abnormal; temperature control circuitry
failure; mechanical failure of pumps,
valves and other moving parts, measuring
signal outputs and conversion failure
and
column sensitivity decreasing are
all the
common type of problem related
to the quality
of services and
maintenance of the GC DGA
equipment.
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action Power H
olding Ltd Patrick 蒋俊爵 第 6 12页
GC
Column
Piping networks
Sampling Gases
Many operators or users don’t realize
that
the sensitivity and performance of
the
Chromatography Column dropped
dramatically in
case the column is being
contaminated by the
impurity of carrier
gas or sampling gasses.
The service life
of column is depended on the
frequency
of usage, the operation temperature
and
the purity of samples and etc. On-line
monitoring users are not behaved like
the
laboratory users that they are more
alert the
accuracy of the equipment
needs frequent
of
maintenance
testing media
and
or replacement
7. Delicate
maintenance and calibration
Analysis
Technology
consumable parts.
applications.
MTE Near
Infra-red Vs Chromatography Technology
its
technology revolution.
PA Analysis
Modules
气样
压力波强度与气体
浓度成比例
红外
脉冲
Optical Filter
Disk
GE KELMAN PA OLDGA *Transfix
PA
Diagnosis Theory & Diagram
The most well-
known OLDGA product with
PA technology is
KELMAN – Transfix from
UK. The author has
separate article on
the detail analysis its
pros and corns,
therefore, we only illustrate
some
reference photos of the products and
measuring principle for general
reference
propose. .
Micro‐phone
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action Power Holding Ltd
Patrick 蒋俊爵 第 7 12页
MTE Near
Infra-red Vs Chromatography Technology
NEAR INFRA-RED (NIR) Spectroscope
（近红外光谱技术）is the latest Spectrum
Analyzing
Technology being developed in
Germany (MTE)
for the application in
Transformer Online DGA
Monitoring System.
Cosmos Planet Light
Spectrum
Yes, it is very amazing scientific
discovery.
Human gains great knowledge on our
Cosmos
by studying the spectrum of our stars
and
planets. We can’t afford to travel in
decades or light-years to reach and touch
planets but their light spectrum such
It
is a little difficulty to explain very
clear
concept what is spectrum. In fact, all
type of
waves included electromagnetic,
optical and
sonic has its own characteristic
spectrum. In
the full brand spectrum sheets
as
demonstrated, included the x-ray、ɤ-ray、
ultra-
violet、visible and invisible light、
infra-
red、micro-wave and etc.
already tell us their
secrets in very remote
mode.
The spectrum of a light beam contained a
massive information and aspects on the
object’s distance, speed of moving,
temperature and molecular structures and
etc.
Spectrum of Sun Ray
作
者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action Power Holding Ltd Patr
ick 蒋俊爵 第 8 12页
MTE Near Infra-
red Vs Chromatography Technology
Meter Testing
Equipment AG (MTE) launched a
new series of
OLDGA monitoring devices
“HYDROCAL” with the
innovative technology
of Near Infra-red (NIR)
in year 2010.
In China, many
universities and research
institutions already
have a great deal of
studying on the Fourier
Transformation and
Near Infra-red Technology.
With simple
search & browsing on internet, we
are very
surprising to note that some
published
articles on internet already
illustrated
and described very precise and
clear on the
theory and principal of NIR that
being used
in HYDROCAL products. German still
has
reservation on disclosing details on their
HYDROCAL NRI technology to customers. They
treat NRI as their product secret with seal
of classified confidential know-how.
NIR R&D in China
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action Power Holding Ltd Pa
trick 蒋俊爵 第 9 12页
MTE Near
Infra-red Vs Chromatography Technology
MTE
HYDROCAL Near Infra-red (NIR) TECHNICAL THEORY AND
APPLICATION ILLUSTRATION.
Hydrogen Senso
r
(3)Electronic Grating
& (4) Spectrum
Sensor
(2) NRI light source
(1)Gas Chambe
r.2
Mirrors
Theory of HYDROCA NRI
Analysis
The gases sample after degassing is
injected
into the measuring chamber 1 & 2
respectively.
According to
Beer–Lambert law, also known
as Beer's law,
the Lambert–Beer law, or the
Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law relates the
attenuation of light to the properties of
the material through which the light is
traveling. The law is commonly applied to
chemical analysis measurements and used in
understanding attenuation in physical
optics
For layman and general
readers, we no need
to drag too much on its
technical details.
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action
Power Holding Ltd Patrick 蒋俊爵 第 10 12页 <
br>Simply to say the infra-red beam passing
through the gases sample, its energy will
be weaken, and the collector (Electronic
Grating + Spectrum Sensor Plate) will
receive a so called “Absorbed Spectrum”.
Electronic grating is acting like the gate
keeper that it can select different wave
length object or said compound spectrum to
pass through and reach the spectrum sensor
plate in a very rapid and fast response.
Then the data is being converted into
digital signals and proceeding algorism
computing for analysis the compound
identity and concentration. The whole
MTE Near Infra-red Vs Chromatography
Technology
process is very complicated and
precision
calculation are required.
Sample of Spectrum Sensor Chip
NRI spectrum analysis is 21 century
technology. Its application required very
high-tech and precision components such as
NRI light source, high-speed electronic
grating and high sensitivity spectrum
sensor chips. Only the R&D experts know how
challenging of their tasks.
The
comparative advantage of NIR Over. GC
OLDGA
System (MTE over SERVERON) can be
summarized
as:
No carrier gas or pressurized cylinder
Sample of Electronic Grating
bottles
are required. No consumable
materials.
No calibrationstandard gas is required.
No
repeatability problem.
No external oil
piping or network
required. Low risk of
leakage.
No vacuum pump or big oil pump
required.
Sample of Spectrum Sensor
Highly digitalized and electronic
component. Small and light weight
Low risk
of mechanical components fault.
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限
公司 & 香港Action Power Holding Ltd Patrick 蒋俊爵
第 11 12页
MTE Near Infra-red Vs
Chromatography Technology
Direct mounting
into the transformer
body. Easy installation
and after sales
services on-site.
No
consumable components such as
carrier gases
and chromatograph column.
Its maintenance free
feature make it is
ideal devices for remote
and online
monitoring application.
Oxygen O
2
& Nitrogen N
2
Gases
Detection
O2 and N2 do not classified as fault
gases of
diagnosis in IEE C.57 & IEC 60599
norm or GB
DLT 722-2000 & GBT-7252-2001。 It is
used to be
detection and testing item in
laboratory DGA but
it is not compulsory and
needed items for online
monitoring
application.
Furthermore, today most of the
power transformer
is sealed type or air
insulated type with oil
rubber tank to adjust
the expansion of
transformer oil or oil level.
It is very seldom
to use free breathing type
power transformer
nowadays. Therefore, the
ratio change of Oxygen
vs. Nitrogen in oil
doesn’t applied for sealed
type transformers.
O2 and N2 gases are related
to the insulation
paper deterioration or
transformer aging. The
more practical diagnosis
is using Furfural
(C5H4O2) test that is
different aspects in
transformer maintenance
technology.
END
作者: 上海依昂电力技术有限公司 & 香港Action Power
Holding Ltd Patrick 蒋俊爵 第 12 12页