考研句式结构解析
许愿星-巴西14岁嫩模
《考研英语强化》讲义 第一部分句式结构解析参考译文
1. Social
change is more likely to occur in societies where
there is a mixture of different kinds
of
people than in societies where people are similar
in many ways.
【译】
社会变化在有多种人群汇集的社会里比仅有相似人群的社会里更容易发生。
2. But
for many, the fact that poor people are able to
support themselves almost as well
without
government aid as they did with it is in itself a
huge victory.
【译】
但是对许多人来说，穷人们在没有政府的援助下自己养活自己本身就是一个巨大的
胜利。
3. White collar workers doing routine work in
government offices are, however, as likely to
have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus
driver and shop assistant.
【译】
在政府部门从事简单重复工作的白领也像农场工人、公共汽车司机和商店职员一样
大脑细胞容易收缩。
4. For every course that he follows a
student is given a grade, which is recorded, and
the
record is available for the student to
show to prospective employers.
【译】
学生们所学的每一门课程都有分数，而且要被记录存档，这可以用来提供给将来学
生的雇主们。
5. They are trying to find out whether
there is something about the way we teach language
to
children which in fact prevents children
from learning sooner.
【译】
他们在尝试寻找是否我们教授孩子们语言的方法中有阻碍孩子们迅速学习语言的东
西。
6. Supporters of the Star Wars defense system
hope that this would not only protect a nation
against an actual nuclear attack, but would be
enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever
happening.
【译】 星球大战防御系统的支持者们希望它不仅能保护一
个国家免遭核攻击，也希望它能
成为使核攻击永不发生的一种有效威胁。
7.
Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize
American foreign policy without endangering
the support for civil rights that he had won
from the federal government.
【译】
也许他认为他批评美国的外交政策就会使他从联帮政府那里获得的对人权的支持受
到威胁。
8. In other words, there is a conventional
story line in the newsroom culture that provides a
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backbone and a ready-made
narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
【译】 换句话说，在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着一套约定俗成的新闻模式，为原<
br>本无头绪的新闻报道提供了支撑框架以及可直接套用的叙述结构。
9. Each
departmental program consists, in part, of a
grouping of subjects in the department’s
areas
of professional interest and, in part, of
additional opportunities for students of their
choice.
【译】 每个系的课程设置一部分是一系列该系领域内具有专业特点的科目
，另一部分是学
生们自己选择的额外课程。
10. Although we
apparently have a need for REM sleep, judging from
the fact that our bodies
automatically
compensate for a loss of it, what REM sleep
actually does for us is not clear.
【译】
从我们的身体能够自动地对损失作出补偿这一点来看，尽管我们明显地需要REM
(rapid
eye movement)睡眠，但REM睡眠对我们的身体有什么作用还不清楚。
11. However, whatever its virtues, the old
shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced
by
the printed mass media on the one hand and
by books and magazines for a specialized
readership
on the other.
【译】 然而，不管它有什
么优点，古老的共享文字文化已经消失了，一方面是被印刷传媒
代替，另一方面被那些为特定读者而出版
的书和杂志取代了。
12. People can be relatively
rich only if others are relatively poor, and since
power is
concentrated in the hands of the
rich, public policies will continue to reflect
their interests rather
than those of the poor.
【译】一些人相对贫穷了，另一些人才会相对富裕。由于权力集中在富人的手中，公共政策<
br>就将继续反映富人的利益而不是穷人的利益了。
13. In a family
where the roles of men and women are not sharply
separated and where many
household tasks are
shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of
male superiority are hard to
maintain.
【译】
如果一个家庭里男女的角色分工不明显、家务劳动由双方分担的话，大男子主义就
很难维持了。
14. We found out that patients who had
been dealt with openly and frankly were better
able to
cope with the approach of death and
finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior
to death.
【译】
我们发现那些被公开坦诚地对待的病人能够更好地对待死亡的临近并在临死之前能
更好地接受这一点。
15. As the intelligence of robots
increase to match that of humans and as their cost
declines
through economies of scale, we may
use them to expand our frontiers.
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【译】 随着机器人的智能增长到人脑智能的程度、随着其生产成本因规模经
济（效应）而
降低，我们可以使用机器人来开展前沿工作。
16.
Competition is not only good in itself; it is the
means by which other basic American values
such as individual freedom, equality of
opportunity, and hard work are protected.
【译】 竞争的价值不仅在其本身，通过竞争这种方式，其他的诸如个人自由、公平机会和
勤奋
劳动等美国价值观得到保护。
17. The function of
teaching is to create the conditions and the
climate that will make it
possible for
children to devise the most efficient system for
teaching themselves to read.
【译】
教育的功能是创造学习的条件和气氛，使学生们能够设计出一种最有效的方式来自
学阅读。
18. Finally, other people may give us
instrumental support---financial aid, material
resources,
and needed services---that reduces
stress by helping us resolve and cope with our
problems.
【译】 最后，其他的人给我们提供物质性支持，如经济援助、物质资
料和必需服务等，这
种支持通过帮助我们解决和处理问题的方式来减轻我们的压力。
19. Recycling also stimulates the local
economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution
control
and energy costs of industries that
make recycled products by giving them a more
refined raw
material.
【译】
回收也能够通过创造就业机会来刺激本地经济，
同时也通过给再生产品生产企业提
供更加精练的原材料达到减少污控成本及能耗成本。
20. Mathematicians who have tried to use the
computers to copy the way the brain works have
found that even using the latest electronic
equipment they would have to build a computer
which
weighed over 10,000 kilos.
【译】
曾试图使用计算机来复制大脑工作方式的数学家们发现，即使使用最先进的电子设
备，他们也得建造一台
超过10，000公斤的计算机。
21. There are several
steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is
to demand of all the
organizations that exist
with the declared objectives of safeguarding the
interests of animals that
they should declare
clearly where they stand on violence towards
people.
【译】 有几项措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保护动物利益为
目标的组织都明
确表明他们在针对人的暴力行为问题上的立场。
22.
According to this theory, it is not the quality of
the sensory nerve impulses that determines
the
diverse conscious sensations they produce, but
rather the different areas of the brain into which
they discharge, and there is some evidence for
this view.
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【译】 根据这一理论，不
是由感觉神经脉冲的质量来决定他们产生的各种神经感觉的，而
是由电荷释放到大脑的哪些区域来决定的
，这一观点有据可依。
23. Even the doctoral degree,
long recognized as a required “union card” in the
academic world,
has come under severe
criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own
sake and the accumulation of
knowledge without
immediate application to a professor’s classroom
duties.
【译】 即便是学术界长久以来当作必备“会员卡”的博士学位，现在也受
到了严厉的批评，
因其仅仅为了学习而学习和为了知识的累积而学习，却没有（把知识）直接应用到教学
实践
中去。
24. Unless productivity growth
is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of
real output
must eventually begin to slow down
to the economy’s larger run growth potential if
generalized
demand pressures on prices are to
be avoided.
【译】 然而，如果生产力的增长不是出人意料的大的话，实际产
出的增量最终定会开始减
缓以适应经济的可持续发展，同时，价格的综合需求压力也需避免。
25. If they were right in thinking that the
next necessity in human progress was to lift the
average person upon an intellectual and social
level with the most favored, they stood at least
three generations nearer than Europe to that
goal.
【译】 如果他们认为人类进步的下一步必需之举是把普通人的智力水平和社会
地位提高到
目前最高水平的想法是正确的话，他们至少要比欧洲超前三代接近那个目标。
26. From those sounds which we hear on small
or on coarse occasions, we do not easily receive
strong impressions, or delightful images; and
words to which we are nearly strangers, whenever
they occur, draw that attention on themselves
which they should transmit to things.
【译】
我们在小地方或是随意的场合所听到的声音，不容易给我们留下强烈的印象或是令
人愉悦的画面。那些我
们几乎不认识的词汇，无论何时出现，都会把原本对（诗）所指物的
关注引向对词汇本身的关注。
27. More important to them, though, is
that it gives them some places where they can
borrow
money at a cost that is usually a good
deal less than at the small-loan agency, or the
installment
house, or indeed most places.
【译】 然而，对于他们来说更重要的是，这给他们提供了一个比较划算的借钱的地方，要
比小
型的借贷公司、分期付款行或者其他地方要实惠得多。
28. Towards the
end of the century there was still considerable
argument over whether books
should be used for
information or treated respectfully, and over
whether the reading of material
such as
newspapers was in some way mentally weakening.
【译】书籍是该用来获取信息还是该用来膜拜、阅读类似报纸这样的材料是否会在一定程度<
br>上削弱脑力，在这些问题上，直到上个世纪末还是存在大量的争论。
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29. Besides serving the indefinite
needs of its native speakers, English is a
language in which
some of important works in
science, technology, and other fields are being
produced, and not
always by native speakers.
【译】 除了满足以英语为母语的使用者的各种需求之外，英语也是很多重要的科学技术及<
br>其他领域的文献所用语言，而且作者不仅仅是以英语为母语的人。
30. If
we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the
environmental forces that are acting
on the
organism, we find that we have to deal with things
like climate, soil, plants, and such like
factors common to all biological situations;
but we also find, always, very important
environmental influences that we can only
class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and
biological factors.
【译】 如果我们将人看作动物，并尝
试分析作用在人身上的环境作用力（因素）的话，我
们觉得不得不考虑像气候、土壤、植物以及此类对于
所有生物环境来说共同的因素，但我们
也总会发现只能归结为“文化性”的一些非常重要的环境影响（因
素）， 这些影响会改变物理
和生物因素。
31. Thus, in the
American economic system it is the demand of
individual consumers, coupled
with the desire
of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire
of individuals to maximize their
incomes, that
together determine what shall be produced and how
resources are used to produce it.
【译】因此，在
美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人利润最大化的欲望以及个人收
入最大化的欲望相结合，一同
决定了应该制造什么，以及如何使用资源来制造。
32. At the same
time these computers record which hours are
busiest and which employees are
the most
efficient, allowing personnel and staffing
assignments to be made accordingly. And they
also identify preferred customers for
promotional campaigns.
【译】 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时段
最忙以及哪些员工效率最高，这样就能相应地做出
人事安排。而且，它们(计算机)也能筛选出优秀客户
以便重点发展。
33. Exceptional children are
different in some significant way from others of
the same age. For
these children to develop to
their full adult potential, their education must
be adapted to those
differences.
【译】
残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子尽可能地健全成长，
必须因材施教。
34. The great interest in exceptional
children shown in public education over the past
three
decades indicates the strong feeling in
our society that all citizens, whatever their
special
conditions, deserve the opportunity to
fully develop their capabilities.
【译】 在过去
的30年中，公共教育中显示出的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的
一种强烈的情绪，那就是所
有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机
5
会。
35. If its message were
confined merely to information and that in itself
would be difficult if not
impossible to
achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of
the color of a shirt is subtly
persuasive,
advertising would be so boring that no one would
pay any attention.
【译】 即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色选择这样的细
节都会具有微妙的征服作用，如果广告所
传递的信息真的仅限于告知的话，当然这本身即便可能也会很难
做到，那么广告就会乏味得
没人关注。
36. The workers who
get a promotion, the students whose grades
improve, the foreigner who
learns a new
language---all these are examples of people who
have measurable results to show for
their
efforts.
【译】
得到提拔的工人们、成绩进步的学生们以及学会了一门新语言的外国人---
这些人都
都证明了通过努力就能获得一定的成绩。
37. As
families move away from their stable community,
their friends of many years, their
extended
family relationships, the informal flow of
information is cut off, and with it the
confidence that information will be available
when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
【译】 随着人们离开他们常住的社区、离开他们多年的朋友、离开他们的大家庭，非正式<
br>的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是一种信心：在需要时便能获得信息、并且信息真实可靠
又值得
信赖。
38. The individual now has more
information available than any generation, and the
task of
finding that one piece of information
relevant to his or her specific problem is
complicated,
time-consuming, and sometimes
even overwhelming.
【译】现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人
都多，而找到与其特定问题相关的那一点
信息的工作不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至难以应对。
39. The debate was launched by the Government,
which invited anyone with an opinion of the
BBC---including ordinary listeners and viewer
---to say what was good or bad about the
Corporation, and even whether they thought it
was worth keeping.
【译】
这场辩论是由政府发起的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有看法的人---包括普通
的听众和观众
---来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司继
续存在的价值。
40. There are, of course, exceptions.
Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-
mannered taxi
drivers are hardly unknown in
the US. Yet it is an observation made so
frequently that it deserves
comment.
【译】 当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员、粗鲁的服务生、以及无礼的出租
车司
机也并不少见。而这一现象如此常见，值得探讨。
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