111378700-Robbins-Chapter02
分数线网-中医学就业前景
Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 10e
(RobbinsJudge)
Chapter 2 Personality and
Values
1) Which of the following statements
about personality is correct?
A) Personality is
always stable.
B) Personality is a part of a
person.
C) Personality is an aggregate
whole.
D) Personality is for the most part
comprised of traits that cannot be measured.
E)
Personality is the primary source of emotions in
most people.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page
Ref: 14-15
Topic: Personality
2)
Researchers have paid so much attention to
personality traits in OB in order to
________.
A) help in employee selection and in
understanding how to more effectively manage
people.
B) enable the easy evaluation of
employee performance
C) help identify which
people in a workforce will work best
together
D) understand the motivation of
outstanding workers
E) exclude potential
trouble-makers from work.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 15
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Communication Abilities
3) Studies of twins
separated at birth and raised separately have
confirmed the importance of
________ in
shaping personality.
A) attitudes
B)
heredity
C) environment
D) parental
influence
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
16
Topic: Personality
4) Which of the
following is not considered to be completely
influenced by heredity?
A) facial
attractiveness
B) energy level
C)
personality
D) physical stature
Answer:
C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16
Topic:
Personality
1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
5) You wish to hire a person who
has an original mind, is skeptical, critical,
independent, and
determined. Candidates for
this position would ideally have what
classification on the Myers-
Briggs Type
Indicator?
A) INTJs
B) ESTJs
C)
ENTPs
D) ISFPs
E) ESTPs
Answer:
A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 17
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
6)
All of the following are classifications on the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator except ________.
A)
extrovertedintroverted
B)
sensingintuitive
C) perceivingjudging
D)
independentdependent
E)
thinkingfeeling
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 17
Topic: Personality
7) Jason is
outgoing, sociable, and assertive. According to
the MBTI, he is considered
A) extraverted
B)
feeling
C) perceiving
D) sensing
Answer:
A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
8)
How would someone who is described as an ESTJ on
the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator best be
described?
A) as a visionary
B) as a
conceptualizer
C) as an innovator
D) as an
organizer
E) as a leader
Answer: D
Diff:
3 Page Ref: 17
Topic:
Personality
2
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
9) What does the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator classification of
A)
extrovertedintuitive
B)
emotionalintroverted
C)
extrovertedintroverted
D)
emotionalintuitive
E) sanereflective
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref:
17
Topic: Personality
10) What does the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of
A) sensingintuitive
B)
sensingthinking
C) emotional
stabilityintuitive
D) emotional
stabilitythinking
E) sanereflective
Answer:
A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17
Topic:
Personality
11) You are assembling a team to
work on a long-term project which requires
creativity, stamina
and farsightedness. The
only piece of information available to you is the
Myers-Briggs Type of
each of the applicants.
These results are shown
below:
CandidateAlan
Myers BriggsINTJ
Ty
pe
Brenda
ESTJ
CameronDrusilla
ENTPESF
P
Ellen
INFP
You need to choose a lead
person for the team. This person must be a
visionary; combining an
original mind with
great drive. Who would be the best candidate based
on their Myers-Briggs
Type?
A) Alan
B)
Brenda
C) Cameron
D) Drusilla
E)
Ellen
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
17
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag: Analytic
Skills
3
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
12) You
are assembling a team to work on a long-term
project which requires creativity, stamina
and
farsightedness. The only piece of information
available to you is the Myers-Briggs Type of
each of the applicants. These results are
shown below:
CandidateAlan
Myers BriggsINTJ
Type
Brenda
ESTJ
CameronDrusilla
E
NTPESFP
Ellen
INFP
You are looking for an
organizer, a person on whom you can depend to be
practical and realistic.
Who would be the best
candidate based on their Myers-Briggs Type?
A)
Alan
B) Brenda
C) Cameron
D)
Drusilla
E) Ellen
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 17
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Analytic Skills
13) What is the major problem
with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure
of personality?
A) It is very difficult to
administer.
B) It probably should not be used
as a selection test for choosing among job
candidates since it is
not necessarily a valid
measure of personality.
C) It does not include
enough dimensions to differentiate all the variety
of human personality
D) It tends to
overemphasize intuitive personality traits over
analytical personality traits
E) It is very
difficult to accurately interpret.
Answer:
B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 17
Topic:
Personality
14) A high score in which dimension
of the Big Five model predicts good job
performance for all
occupational groups?
A)
extraversion
B) agreeableness
C)
conscientiousness
D) emotional stability
E) openness to experience
Answer:
C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18
Topic:
Personality
4
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
15) Which of the following is not
included in the Big Five model?
A)
agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C)
intuitiveness
D) emotional stability
E)
extraversion
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page
Ref: 18
Topic: Personality
16) Which
dimension of the Big Five model refers to an
individual's propensity to defer to others?
A)
conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C)
extraversion
D) feeling
E) emotional
stability
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
18
Topic: Personality
17) Which dimension
of the Big Five model is a measure of
reliability?
A) extraversion
B)
agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D)
feeling
E) emotional stability
Answer:
C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18
Topic:
Personality
18) You know that your customers
are demanding and sometimes difficult. Which
personality
dimension taps a person's ability
to withstand stress?
A) extraversion
B)
judging
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional
stability
E) intellect
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 18
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Reflective Thinking Skills
5
Copyright ©
2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
19) Jane Simpson rates low
on conscientiousness. This would this lead you to
suspect that which
of the following statements
is most likely to be true about Jane?
A) She
will be easily distracted.
B) She will find
comfort in the familiar.
C) She will be
nervous, depressed, and insecure.
D) She will
be comfortable with solitude.
E) She will be
very dim-witted.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 18
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Reflective Thinking Skills
20) You wish to
predict how strong organizational citizenship
behavior (OCB) is in each of your
employees.
Which of the five facets of personality will
probably be of the most interest in this
case?
A) extraversion
B)
agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D)
emotional stability
E) intellect
Answer:
C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 18
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
21) Of the Big Five, ________ is most
strongly related to life satisfaction, to job
satisfaction, and
to low stress levels.
A)
self-esteem
B) emotional stability
C)
agreeableness
D) conscientiousness
E)
extroversion
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 18
Topic: Personality
22) Which of the
following is not true of extraverts?
A)
Extraverts tend to be happier in their jobs and in
their lives as a whole than intraverts.
B)
Extraverts experience more positive emotions than
introverts.
C) Extraverts less freely express
their positive emotions than do introverts.
D)
Extraverts have more friends than
introverts.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 18-19
Topic:
Personality
6
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
23) Which of the following is not a
downside to conscientiousness?
A) Conscientious
people don't adapt well to changing
contexts.
B) Conscientious people have trouble
learning complex tasks early in the training
process.
C) Conscientious people are often less
creative than those who are less
conscientious.
D) Conscientious people are
rarely considered structured individuals.
E)
There are no downsides to
conscientiousness.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 20
Topic: Personality
24) James
has been described as an agreeable individual. He
is better liked on the job and is less
likely
to engage in organizational deviance. What would
we expect to be associated with his
agreeableness?
A) He will be happier than a
disagreeable person - but only slightly more
B)
He will likely choose other agreeable individuals
as members of his team.
C) He will probably be
a poorer negotiator and experience lower levels of
career success.
D) All of the above.
Answer:
D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 19-20
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
25) Which of the following statements
about people with positive core self-evaluations
is true?
A) They set goals which are easily
obtainable.
B) They do not like
themselves.
C) They seldom persist to reach
their goals.
D) They view themselves as
powerless over their environment.
E) They tend
to be more committed to their goals.
Answer:
E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20
Topic:
Personality
26) What is the term used for the
degree to which people like or dislike
themselves?
A) core self-evaluation
B)
authoritarianism
C) locus of control
D)
Machiavellianism
E) efficacy
Answer:
A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 20
Topic:
Personality
7
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
27) Mary has an opening for a
position requiring the individual to demonstrate
considerable
adaptability in adjusting their
behavior by reading external cues. She should
identify the employee
with a(n) ________ for a
good fit.
A) high self-monitoring
tendency
B) low self-monitoring tendency
C)
internal locus of control
D) external locus of
control
E) high SE
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 20-21
Topic: Personality
AASCB
Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
28) How would
you describe an individual who is not capable of
presenting striking contradictions
between who
they are in public and who they are privately and
does not pay close attention to the
behavior
of others?
A) low Mach
B) high Mach
C)
low self-monitoring
D) high self-
monitoring
E) narcissistic
Answer:
C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20-21
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Communication
Abilities
29) Which of the following statements
about low self-monitors is true?
A) They have a
low behavioral consistency between who they are
and what they do.
B) They tend to rate their
performance much more highly than do outside
observers.
C) They tend to pay less attention
to the behavior of others than high self-
monitors.
D) They usually receive high
performance ratings.
E) They tend to thrive in
areas that require them to take risks.
Answer:
C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 20-21
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Communication
Abilities
8
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
30) High self-monitors will most
likely be well-suited to which of following
positions?
A) one that requires them to play a
central role
B) one that requires them not to
yield to outside pressure
C) one that requires
them to operate independently for long periods of
time
D) one that requires them to take
risks
E) one that requires a great deal of
creativity
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 21
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Reflective Thinking Skills
31) What term is
used to describe the personality of an individual
who is aggressively involved in
an incessant
struggle to achieve more and more in less and less
time?
A) Type A personality
B) Type B
personality
C) proactive personality
D)
narcissistic personality
E) high Mach
personality
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page
Ref: 21
Topic: Personality
32) Which of the
following is true of people with a Type A
personality?
A) They tend to be more successful
than people with a Type B personality.
B) They
play for fun and relaxation.
C) They tend to
emphasize quantity over quality.
D) They
generally feel little need to discuss their
achievements.
E) They are generally content
with their place in the world.
Answer:
C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21
Topic:
Personality
33) Which of the following
behaviors is most likely to be exhibited in
someone with a Type A
personality?
A)
highly creative
B) enjoys leisure and quiet
time alone
C) feels impatient with the rate of
most events
D) concentrates on one task at a
time
E) takes long lunches and plays
pool
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref:
21
Topic: Personality
9
Copyright © 2010
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
34) Which of the following is a
characteristic of the Type B personality?
A) A
Type B suffers from a sense of time urgency, with
its accompanying impatience.
B) A Type B
struggles to achieve more with less.
C) A Type
B strives to always multi-task.
D) A Type B can
relax without guilt.
E) A Type B needs to
discuss his or her achievements.
Answer:
D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21
Topic:
Personality
35) People with which type of
personality trait commonly make poor decisions
because they make
them too quickly.
A) high
self-esteem
B) Type As
C) Type Bs
D)
self-monitors
E) extroverts
Answer:
B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 21
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
36) Which of the following terms best
describes people who identify opportunities, show
initiative,
take action, and persevere until
meaningful change occurs?
A) Type A
personalities
B) high self-esteem
C)
proactive personalities
D) high
conscientiousness
E) high Mach
Answer:
C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 21
Topic:
Personality
37) Which of the following
personality traits is most likely to help achieve
career success?
A) proactive personality
B)
high SE
C) Type A
D) extrovert
E)
agreeable
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
21
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Reflective Thinking Skills
10
Copyright ©
2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
38) Which of the following
terms describes basic convictions that
end
state of existence is personally or socially
preferable to an opposite mode of conduct
A)
values
B) attitudes
C) convictions
D)
preferences
E) affectual preferences
Answer:
A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 22
Topic:
Values
39) What does the content attribute of a
value state?
A) that the value is
complete
B) that the mode of conduct is
important
C) that the value is strongly or
weakly held
D) the behavior associated with
that value
E) that the value is not
transient
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
22
Topic: Values
40) When we rank an
individual's values in order of their ________, we
obtain the person's value
system.
A)
intensity
B) content
C) context
D) social
acceptance
E) social needs
Answer:
A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22
Topic:
Values
41) Which of the following statements
about values is true?
A) Values are
flexible.
B) Values are synonymous with
attitudes.
C) Values tend to be consistent
among occupational groups.
D) Values are fairly
stable over time.
E) Values change easily when
they are called into question.
Answer:
D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 22
Topic:
Values
11
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
42) What is the difference between
terminal and instrumental values, as proposed by
Rokeach?
A) Terminal values are the goals that
a person would like to achieve during his or her
lifetime,
while the instrumental values are
the preferable modes of behavior in achieving
these values.
B) Instrumental values are the
goals that a person would like to achieve during
his or her lifetime,
while terminal values are
the preferable modes of behavior in achieving
theses values.
C) Terminal values are the
highest values in a person's value system, while
instrumental values are
the ones that are most
often used.
D) Instrumental values are the
values that are used in day to day life, terminal
values are those that
come into play at times
of great stress.
E) Terminal values are the
values shared by the group as a whole,
instrumental values are the
values that differ
within a group and give rise to
conflict.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
23
Topic: Values
43) Which of the following
values would be most likely to be considered a
terminal value by
Rokeach?
A)
ambitious
B) broad-minded
C) helpful
D) a
sense of accomplishment
E) self-
controlled
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: Exh 2-2
Topic: Values
AASCB Tag:
Analytic Skills
44) Which category of dominant
work values is most likely to characterize a
55-year-old employee
in the United
States?
A) hard working, conservative,
conforming, loyalty to the organization
B)
team-orientated, honest, self-reliant, loyal to
relationships.
C) success, achievement,
ambition, dislike of authority, loyalty to
career
D) worklife balance, team-oriented,
dislike of rules, loyalty to relationships
E)
confident, financial success, self-reliant but
team-oriented, loyalty to both self and
relationships
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page
Ref: Exh 2-2
Topic: Values
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
12
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
45) What is the term used to
describe the cohort of workers who entered the
workforce in the
1950s and early 1960s?
A)
boomers
B) nexters
C) Xers
D)
veterans
E) Millennials
Answer: D
Diff:
2 Page Ref: 24
Topic: Values
AASCB
Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
46) What is the term used to
describe those members of the population whose
lives have been
shaped by globalization, MTV,
AIDS, and computers; and who value flexibility,
life options, and
the achievement of job
satisfaction?
A) veterans
B) boomers
C)
nexters
D) Xers
E) hexers
Answer:
D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 24
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
47) Veterans are most likely to
place the greatest importance on
A) a
comfortable like and family security
B) social
recognition
C) true friendship
D)
happiness
E) meaningful work
Answer:
A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
13
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
48) What cohort of workers in the
United States is most likely to balk at having to
work extensive
overtime and weekends?
A)
Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D)
Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: D
Diff:
2 Page Ref: Exh 2-3
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
49) What term is used for those
who entered the United States workforce from the
mid-1960s
through the mid-1980s?
A)
Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D)
Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: B
Diff:
2 Page Ref: Exh 2-3
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
50) As you work with Tom, who is
27 years old, you are likely to find that he
________.
A) desires financial success
B)
prefers leisure time
C) sees the company merely
as a vehicle for his career
D) highly values
security
E) is not interested in work at
all
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Exh
2-3
Topic: Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural
and Diversity Understanding
51) What cohort of
workers in the United States is most loyal to
their careers?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C)
Nexters
D) Xers
E)
Traditionalists
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: Exh 2-3
Topic: Values
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
14
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
52) The most recent entrants to the
United States workforce are ________.
A)
Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D)
Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: C
Diff:
1 Page Ref: Exh 2-3
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
53) What cohort of workers values
loyalty to both self and relationships?
A)
Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D)
Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: C
Diff:
2 Page Ref: Exh 2-3
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
54) Holland's personality-job fit
theory is based on the notion of fit between an
individual's
________ and ________.
A)
personality characteristics; the job
requirements
B) satisfaction; the job
C)
ability to perform the job; motivation
D)
motivation; on-the-job performance
E)
personality characteristics; job
satisfaction
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 25-26
Topic: Linking an Individual's
Personality and Values to the Workplace
55)
According to Holland's personalityjob fit theory,
what are consequences of a good fit between
personality and occupation?
A) a low level
of stress
B) a high level of
accomplishment
C) high satisfaction and low
turnover
D) maximum performance and efficiency
E) a high rate of turnover
Answer:
C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25-26
Topic:
Linking an Individual's Personality and Values to
the Workplace
15
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
56) ________ developed a Vocational
Preference Inventory questionnaire that contains
160
occupational titles.
A) Maslow
B)
Holland
C) Hofstede
D) Herzberg
E)
Surber
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref:
26
Topic: Linking an Individual's Personality
and Values to the Workplace
57) According to
Holland, the closer two fields are in the hexagon,
the ________ they are.
A) more dissimilar
B)
more compatible
C) less compatible
D) more
difficult to categorize
E) less related to any
occupation
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 26
Topic: Linking an Individual's
Personality and Values to the Workplace
58) The
occupations would exhibit which of the
following personality characteristics?
A)
imaginative, disorderly, idealistic
B) shy,
genuine, persistent
C) sociable, friendly,
cooperative
D) self-confident, ambitious,
energetic
E) conforming, efficient,
practical
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
Exh 2-4
Topic: Linking an Individual's
Personality and Values to the Workplace
AASCB
Tag: Analytic Skills
59) You are seeking to
fill the position of corporate accountant, and
have administered Holland's
Vocational
Preference Inventory questionnaire to all
candidates. You would suspect that the
questionnaire would indicate that the best
candidates for the position would have which of
the
following personality types?
A)
conventional
B) realistic
C)
enterprising
D) investigative
E)
social
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
Exh 2-4
Topic: Linking an Individual's
Personality and Values to the Workplace
AASCB
Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
16
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
60) Monica is majoring in interior
design. Her personality type is
Typology.
Which of the following statements is
correct?
A) Monica's personality type is well-
suited to her major.
B) Monica is better suited
to be a bank teller.
C) Interior design is
incongruent with her personality type.
D)
Interior design is congruent with a
E) Monica
prefers activities that do not require
strength.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
Exh 2-4
Topic: Linking an Individual's
Personality and Values to the Workplace
AASCB
Tag: Analytic Skills
61) The
would be well
suited for which of the following jobs?
A)
painter
B) accountant
C) mechanic
D)
lawyer
E) biologist
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: Exh 2-4
Topic: Linking an
Individual's Personality and Values to the
Workplace
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
62) The
of the following jobs?
A)
assembly-line worker
B) economist
C)
teacher
D) bank teller
E) lawyer
Answer:
C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: Exh 2-4
Topic:
Linking an Individual's Personality and Values to
the Workplace
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
63) Which of Holland's personality types
prefers activities that involve thinking and
understanding?
A) realistic
B)
investigative
C) social
D)
conventional
E) artistic
Answer: B
Diff:
3 Page Ref: Exh 2-4
Topic: Linking an
Individual's Personality and Values to the
Workplace
AASCB Tag: Analytic
Skills
17
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
64) Which one of the following
statements is true about the six personality types
developed in
Holland's personality-job fit
theory? Each of the six types has a
________.
A) supplemental personality
style
B) congruent personality style
C)
congruent occupation
D) supplemental
occupational environment
E) supplemental skill
set
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
27
Topic: Linking an Individual's Personality
and Values to the Workplace
65) It's more
important today that employees' personalities fit
with
A) their manager's personality
B) the
overall organization's culture
C) the
characteristics of the job
D) the recruiter's
personality
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page
Ref: 27
Topic: Linking an Individual's
Personality and Values to the Workplace
66) A
study of the EU found which of the Big Five
personality factors was a valid predictor of
performance across jobs and occupational
groups?
A) agreeableness
B)
extraversion
C) openness to experience
D)
conscientiousness
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 27-28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
67) Which of the
following researchers produced a comprehensive
analysis for analyzing
variations among
cultures?
A) Maslow
B) Hofstede
C)
Festinger
D) Skinner
E) Freud
Answer:
B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
18
Copyright © 2010
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
68) Which of the following is not
one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national
culture?
A) power distance
B) flexibility
versus rigidity
C) individualism versus
collectivism:
D) long-term versus short-term
orientation:
E) uncertainty
avoidance
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
28
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
69)
What is the measure of the extent to which people
in a country accept the fact that power in
institutions and organizations is distributed
unequally?
A) caste acceptance
B)
collectivism
C) power distance
D)
masculinity
E) rigidity
Answer: C
Diff:
2 Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
70) Which dimension of
Hofstede's framework is the degree to which people
prefer to act as
individuals rather than as
members of groups?
A) power distance
B)
individualism vs. collectivism
C) masculinity
vs. femininity
D) uncertainty avoidance
E)
long-term vs. short-term orientation
Answer:
B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
71) Which of Hofstede's
cultural dimensions emphasizes a tight social
framework in which people
expect others in
groups of which they are a part to look after
them?
A) long-term orientation
B)
masculinity
C) individualism
D)
collectivism
E) femininity
Answer:
D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
19
Copyright © 2010
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
72) According to Hofstede, people
in cultures with ________ value thrift,
persistence, and
tradition.
A) high power
distance
B) low power distance
C) long-term
orientation
D) short-term orientation
E) low
uncertainty avoidance
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
73) According to
Hofstede, cultures that score ________ tend to
emphasize laws and regulations.
A) high on
power distance
B) high on uncertainty
avoidance
C) low on power distance
D) low on
uncertainty avoidance
E) high on
masculinity
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page
Ref: 28
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB
Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
74) Which of Hofstede's
dimensions is the degree to which people in a
country prefer structured to
unstructured
situations?
A) collectivism
B) power
distance
C) long-term orientation
D)
uncertainty avoidance
E)
idiocentricity
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page
Ref: 28
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB
Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
75) According to Hofstede, high
femininity cultures
A) emphasize equality
between men and women.
B) favor achievement and
power.
C) emphasize feminine roles.
D) have
increased anxiety about ambiguity.
E) are rule-
oriented.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
28
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
20
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
76) According to Hofstede, which
country scored as the most individualistic nation
of all?
A) Japan
B) Korea
C) Great
Britain
D) United States
E) China
Answer:
D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
77) The gender
differentiation cultural dimension identified by
GLOBE is the equivalent of which
of Hofstede's
dimensions?
A) power distance
B) uncertainty
avoidance
C) masculinity-femininity
D)
future orientation
E) individualism-
collectivism
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 30
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB
Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
78) According
to Hofstede, the Unites States scores high in
________ and low in ________.
A) power
distance; uncertainty avoidance
B)
individualism; power distance
C) uncertainty
avoidance; individualism
D) uncertainty
avoidance; masculinity
E) femininity;
masculinity
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page
Ref: 30
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB
Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
79) All of the following are
weaknesses of Hofstede's cultural dimensions
pointed out by critics
EXCEPT:
A) The
original data are from 30 years ago.
B) The
original data were based on only four companies:
IBM, Disney, Coca-Cola, and
McDonald's.
C)
Most researchers are unaware of the judgment calls
Hofstede had to make.
D) Some of the Hofstede
results are unexpected.
E) Few researchers have
read the details of Hofstede's methodology
closely.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
30
Topic: Global
Implications
21
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
80) The GLOBE team identified
________ dimensions on which national cultures
differ.
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9
E)
15
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
30
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
81)
Which of the following is not one of the cultural
dimensions identified by the GLOBE team?
A)
performance orientation
B) future
orientation
C) humane orientation
D) age
differentiation
E) power distance
Answer:
D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
82) Which of the
following cultural dimensions identified by GLOBE
does not have an equivalent
in Hofstede?
A)
future orientation
B) power distance
C)
performance orientation
D)
individualismcollectivism
E) gender
differentiation
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 30
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
22
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
83) Country
Country A
Country
B
Country C
Country D
Country E
In-
group
collectivism
4
3
2
5
1
IndividualismPerformance
collectivismorientat
ion
31
52
13
24
45
Humane
orientation
2
1
5
3
4
Power
distance
5
3
4
1
2
The above
table shows the relative rankings of five
countries in five of GLOBE's cultural
dimensions. In which country are people most
likely to identify with and take pride in the
company
they work for?
A) Country A
B)
Country B
C) Country C
D) Country D
E)
Country E
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
30
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag:
Reflective Thinking Skills
84)
Country
Country A
Country B
Country
C
Country D
Country E
In-group
collec
tivism
4
3
2
5
1
IndividualismPe
rformance
collectivismorientation
31
52<
br>13
24
45
Humane
orientation
2
1
5
3
4
Power
distance
5
3
4
1
2
According to
the above table, in which country are people most
likely to be rewarded for being
altruistic,
caring, and kind to others?
A) Country A
B)
Country B
C) Country C
D) Country D
E)
Country E
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
30
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag:
Reflective Thinking Skills
23
Copyright ©
2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
85) Which of the following
statements is true of the GLOBE project?
A) The
GLOBE dimensions replaced Hofstede's work.
B)
The GLOBE project confirmed that Hofstede's
dimensions are no longer valid.
C) The GLOBE
dimensions have confirmed Hofstede's work.
D)
The GLOBE framework recognizes that a country's
cultural values do not change.
E) It is not
expected that future cross-cultural studies will
use the GLOBE dimensions to assess
differences
between countries.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 30
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
86) Behavior is shaped
by our personalities.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 14
Topic: What Is Perception?
87)
Personality looks at the parts of the person
rather than the aggregate whole.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15
Topic:
Personality
88) A trait can be described as a
characteristic or behavior that is sometimes
exhibited in a few
situations.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16
Topic:
Personality
89) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
is a 100-question personality test that types four
characteristics into sixteen personality
types.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref:
17
Topic: Personality
90) In the Myers-
Briggs typology, N stands for
intuitive.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 17
Topic: Personality
91) In the
Myers-Briggs typology, S stands for
sensible.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page
Ref: 17
Topic: Personality
24
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
92) Because MBTI results
are job related, it is an excellent selection test
for choosing job
candidates.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17
Topic:
Personality
93) In the Myers-Briggs typology, P
stands for preparedness.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17
Topic:
Personality
94) If you were looking for an
employee who was an organizer, you would probably
choose one
whose type is INFP.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 17
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
95) A substantial body of research
supports the MBTI as a valid measure of
personality.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 17
Topic: Personality
96) An
impressive body of research supports that five
basic personality dimensions underlie all
others.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 17
Topic: Personality
97) The Big Five
Model factor termed
performance in most
professions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 17-18
Topic: Personality
98)
Conscientiousness refers to an individual's
propensity to defer to others.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18
Topic:
Personality
99) Agreeable people tend to be
less trusting than disagreeable people.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 18
Topic:
Personality
25
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
100) Extraverts are more likely to
be absent from work than introverts.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18
Topic:
Personality
101) Intraverts tend to be more
impulsive than extroverts.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 18
Topic:
Personality
102) Individuals who score high on
openness to experience are more creative in
science and in art
than those who score low.
Because creativity is important to leadership,
open people are more
likely to be effective
leaders.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page
Ref: 19
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Reflective Thinking Skills
103) Agreeableness
is associated with lower levels of career success.
This may be due in part
because agreeable
individuals are poorer negotiators.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 19
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
104) Self-monitoring refers to an
individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior
to external,
situational factors.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 20
Topic:
Personality
105) High self-monitors tend to pay
less attention to the behavior of other people
than do low self
monitors.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20-21
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Communication
Abilities
106) Low self-monitors show high
behavioral consistency.
Answer: TRUE
Diff:
2 Page Ref: 20-21
Topic:
Personality
26
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
107) Individuals with Type B
personalities exhibit characteristics highly
prized by the North
American
culture.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 21
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
108)
Zack is always moving and is impatient. He prefers
work to leisure and seems obsessed with
numbers. Zack probably has a Type B
personality.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 21
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Analytic Skills
109) People with Type A
personalities are rarely concerned with
time.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref:
21
Topic: Personality
110) Those
individuals with Type A personalities tend to be
more at risk for cardiovascular
disease.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 21
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag:
Reflective Thinking Skills
111) People with
Type B personalities tend to operate under more
stress than those with Type A
personalities.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 21
Topic: Personality
112)
Proactive personalities are more likely to act as
change agents within an organization.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 21
Topic:
Personality
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
113) The content attribute of a value
says that a mode of conduct is
important.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page
Ref: 22
Topic: Values
27
Copyright ©
2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
114) When we rank an
individual's values in terms of the intensity of
those values, we obtain that
person's value
system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 22
Topic: Values
115) Values cannot be
classified because of their spiritual and
theological basis.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 22
Topic: Values
116) Values tend
to be stable and enduring.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 22
Topic:
Values
117) People always act in ways
consistent with their values.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22
Topic:
Values
118) Instrumental values are preferable
modes of behavior, or means of achieving one's
terminal
values.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 23
Topic: Values
119) Milton
Rokeach developed a survey that assesses terminal
and instrumental values.
Answer: TRUE
Diff:
2 Page Ref: 23
Topic: Values
120) RVS
values are fairly stable and consistent across
groups.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page
Ref: 23
Topic: Values
121) Boomers place a
great deal of emphasis on achievement and material
success.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 24
Topic: Values
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
28
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
122) Veterans tend to be more loyal
to their country and less loyal to their
employer.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 24
Topic: Values
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
123)
The loyalty of Boomers is to their
careers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: Exh 2-3
Topic: Values
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
124)
The lives of Xers have been shaped by war, women's
lib, AIDS, and computers.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
125) Terminal values such as a
sense of accomplishment and social recognition
rank high with
Nexters.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
126) A significant portion of our
values are often established at an early
age.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref:
25
Topic: Values
127) Individuals with
Holland's
business managers.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: Exh 2-4
Topic:
Linking an Individual's Personality and Values to
the Workplace
128) Holland's
be
dissatisfied and quit.
Answer: FALSE
Diff:
2 Page Ref: Exh 2-4
Topic: Linking an
Individual's Personality and Values to the
Workplace
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
129) In Holland's Vocational
Preference Inventory questionnaire, adjacent
categories are quite
similar while diagonally
opposite ones are highly dissimilar.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 26
Topic:
Linking an Individual's Personality and Values to
the Workplace
130) It is more important that
employees' personalities fit with the overall
organization's culture
than with the
characteristics of any specific job.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27
Topic:
Linking an Individual's Personality and Values to
the Workplace
131) The five personality factors
identified in the Big Five Model appear in almost
all cross-
cultural studies.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 27
Topic:
Global Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural
and Diversity Understanding
132) Each culture
has a common personality type.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27-28
Topic:
Global Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural
and Diversity Understanding
133) Geert Hofstede
produced a very widely referenced approach for
analyzing variations among
cultures.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
134) Collectivism
refers to a cultural attribute describing a
loosely knit social framework in which
people
tend to the interests of their immediate
family.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 28
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB
Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
135) Organizations in a society
high in uncertainty avoidance are likely to have
more rules.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page
Ref: 28
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB
Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
30
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
136) It is consistent for a country
with a democratic government to rank below average
on power
distance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
137) The U.S. culture ranked above
average on power distance according to
Hofstede.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 30
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB
Tag: Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
138) The GLOBE research program
is an ongoing cross-cultural investigation of
leadership and
national culture.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 30
Topic:
Global Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural
and Diversity Understanding
139) GLOBE's future
orientation dimension is essentially equivalent to
Hofstede's long-termshort-
term
orientation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 30
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
140) The GLOBE dimensions have replaced
Hofstede's dimensions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff:
1 Page Ref: 47
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
141) What is the Myers-
Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and how might it be
used by
managers?
Answer: The Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator (MBTI) is one of the most widely
used personality
frameworks. It is essentially
a 100-question personality test that asks people
how they usually feel
or act in particular
situations. On the basis of the answers
individuals give to the test, they are
classified as extroverted or introverted (E or
I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or
feeling (T
or F), and perceiving or judging (P
or J). These classifications are then combined
into sixteen
personality types. The MBTI has a
place in training and development, since it can
help employees
to better understand
themselves. It can also provide aid to teams by
helping members better
understand each other.
It can also provide career guidance, but should
not be used as a selection
test.
Page Ref:
17
Topic: Personality
31
Copyright ©
2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
142) Discuss the
Answer: The five-factor model of personality
is typically called the
providing a unifying
personality framework, research on the Big Five
also has found important
relationships between
these personality dimensions and job performance.
The five key traits in the
Big Five
personality model are extroversion, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, emotional stability,
and
openness to experience. Extroversion captures
one's comfort level with relationships.
Agreeableness refers to an individual's
propensity to defer to others. Conscientiousness
is a
measure of reliability. Emotional
stability taps a person's ability to withstand
stress. Openness to
experience addresses one's
range of interests and fascination with novelty.
Page Ref: 17-19
Topic: Personality
143)
What is self monitoring? Discuss how high self
monitors differ from low self monitors.
Answer:
Self monitoring refers to an individual's ability
to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors. High self monitors show
considerable adaptability in adjusting their
behavior to
external situational factors. They
are highly sensitive to external cues and can
behave differently in
different situations.
They are also capable of presenting striking
contradictions between their
public persona
and their private self. Low self monitors can't
disguise themselves and tend to
display their
true dispositions and attitudes in very situation.
High self monitors are more capable
of
conforming and tend to receive better performance
ratings than low self monitors. High self
monitoring managers receive more career
promotions and are more likely to occupy central
positions in the organization.
Page Ref:
20-21
Topic: Personality
144) Describe the
Type B personality.
Answer: Type B
personalities do not suffer from a sense of time
urgency or with its accompanying
impatience.
They feel no need to display or discuss either
their achievements or accomplishments.
Type
B's play for fun and relaxation, and can relax
without guilt. They are rarely harried by the
desire to obtain an increasing number of
things.
Page Ref: 21
Topic:
Personality
145) Explain why values are
important to the study of organizational
behavior.
Answer: Values lay the foundation
for understanding people's attitudes and
motivation. Values
also influence our
perceptions. As individuals enter an organization
with preconceived notions of
what
Values
can cloud objectivity and rationality.
Furthermore, values generally influence attitudes
and
behavior. Organizations are interested in
whether the individual's values are aligned with
the
organization's.
Page Ref: 22
Topic:
Values
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking
Skills
32
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
146) Discuss the Rokeach Value
Survey. Include definitions and discussion of
terminal values
and instrumental
values.
Answer: Milton Rokeach created the
Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). The RVS consists of
two sets
of values, with each set containing
18 individual value items. One set, called
terminal values, refers
to desirable end-
states of existence. These are goals that a person
would like to achieve during his
or her
lifetime. The other set, called instrumental
values, refers to preferable modes of behavior, or
means of achieving the terminal values. People
in the same occupations or categories tend to hold
similar values.
Page Ref: 23
Topic:
Values
147) Discuss the cohort groups in the
workforce and their dominant work
values.
Answer: Veterans entered the workforce
in the 1950s or early 1960s. There are
hardworking,
conservative, and conforming.
They are loyal to the organization. Boomers
entered the workforce
between 1965 and 1985.
They values success, achievement, and ambition.
They dislike authority
and are loyal to their
career. Xers entered the workforce between 1985
and 2000. They value work-
life balance, are
team-oriented, dislike rules and are loyal to
relationships. Nexters entered the
workforce
after 2000. They are confident, value financial
success, are self-reliant, but team
oriented,
and are loyal to both self and relationships.
Page Ref: 24 and Exh 2-3
Topic:
Values
148) Describe what is meant by the terms
Answer: The person-job fit theory was
developed by John Holland. It is based on the
notion of fit
between an individual's
personality characteristics and his or her
occupational environment. The
theory argues
that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest
when personality and occupation are
in
agreement. The key points of this model are: (1)
there do appear to be intrinsic differences in
personality among individuals, (2) there are
different types of jobs, and (3) people in job
environments congruent with their personality
types should be more satisfied and less likely to
voluntarily resign than should people in
incongruent jobs.
The person-organization fit
essentially argues that people leave organizations
that are not
compatible with their
personalities. People with high extraversion, for
example, fit better with
aggressive and team-
oriented cultures, while people with high
agreeableness will match up better
with a
supportive organizational climate
Page Ref:
25-27
Topic: Linking an Individual's
Personality and Values to the
Workplace
33
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall
149) Name and describe the value
dimensions of culture identified by
Hofstede.
Answer: Power distance is the degree
to which people accept that power in institutions
and
organizations is distributed unequally.
Individualismcollectivism is the degree to which
people
prefer to act as individuals or as
members of a group. Masculinityfemininity is the
degree to which
values such as assertiveness,
the acquisition of money and material goods and
competition prevail
versus the degree to which
people value relationships, and show sensitivity
and concern for the
welfare of others.
Uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which
people prefer structured over
unstructured
situations. Long-termshort-term orientation is the
degree to which people look to the
future or
to the past and present. The latter emphasizes
respect for tradition and fulfilling social
obligations.
Page Ref: 28
Topic: Global
Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and
Diversity Understanding
150) Compare Hofstede's
cultural dimensions with the GLOBE
framework.
Answer: The Global Leadership and
Organizational Behavior Effectiveness research
program
identified nine dimensions on which
national cultures differ. Assertiveness is
essentially equivalent
to Hofstede's quantity-
of-life dimensions. Future orientation is
equivalent to Hofstede's long-
termshort term
orientation. Gender differentiation is the extent
to which a society maximizes
gender role
differences. Uncertainty avoidance, power
distance, and individualismcollectivism
were
also identified by Hofstede. In-group collectivism
encompasses the extent to which members
of a
society take pride in membership in small groups.
Performance orientation is the degree to
which
a society encourages and rewards group members for
performance improvement and
excellence. Humane
orientation is defined as the degree to which a
society encourages and rewards
individuals for
being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind
to others. This is close to Hofstede's
quality-of-life dimension.
Page Ref:
30
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag:
Multicultural and Diversity
Understanding
34
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