学习教师法心得体会-惠州三中

1988
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIStruc tureandVocabulary
Ineachquestion,decidewhichoft hefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethe
r choicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
EXAMPLE:
Iwascaught________therainyesterday.
[A]in
[B ]by
[C]with
[D]at
ANSWER:[A]
’tbuythea pples;shegavethemtome________nothing.
[A]with[B]as
[C]for
[D]by
’s________mypowertom akefinaldecisiononthematter.
[A]off
[B]outsi de
[C]above
[D]beyond
dsayHenryisnot_____ ___muchawriterasareporter.
[A]that
[B]so
[C]this
[D]as
’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth ________.
[A]allthatmuch
[B]thatmuchall
[ C]thatallmuch
[D]muchallthat
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’ tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke________.
[A]i ncommon
[B]ingeneral
[C]inparticular
[D]i nshort
’’ttakethenewone,
________,becausewed on’tfeelassafeonit.
[A]somehow
[B]though
[C]therefore
[D]otherwise
uareaboutthroughth estory________,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwill
de velop.
[A]half
[B]midway
[C]halfway
[D ]one-half
alreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithar dto________hisfavoritetoys.
[A]partoff
[B]pa rtwith
[C]partaway
[D]partfrom
ousefforts havebeenmadeto________governmentexpensestoadesirab lelevel.
[A]cutdown
[B]cutshort
[C]cutout
[D]cutoff
aparty,besurenotto________fromthe personwhotriestoengageyouin
conversation.
[A ]turndown
[B]turnaway
[C]turnoff
[D]turnb ack
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vival________ofsomewildanimal sisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhunted
forthei rskins.
[A]rate
[B]degree
[C]ratio
[D] scale
________admittancetothetheatrefornotbeing properlydressed.
[A]denied
[B]rejected
[C ]repelled
[D]deprived
skyouaquestion,Iexpect a________answer.
[A]punctual
[B]fast
[C]r apid
[D]prompt
islegallyseparatedfromhiswife ,ishestill________forherdebts?
[A]answerable
[B]chargeable
[C]recoverable
[D]payable
eeting,Rolandargued________infavoroftheproposal.[A]severely
[B]heavily
[C]forcefully
[D ]warmly
SectionIIReadingComprehension
hquest iontherearefour

yourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET. (20points)
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Text1
Itdoesn’tcome asasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewh atyoureador
studyifyoucan’ouhavealready
disc overedsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.< br>Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyous tudyistohaveaspecific
emberbetterwhatyoureadwhe nyouknowwhyyou’re
reading.
Whydoesaclerkinas toregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelp is,
“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?Bothyouandshek nowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,
poseyousayin stead,“Yes,pairofsun
glasses.”Shesays,“Rightthi sway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookfo r
exactlywhatyouwant.
It’hoseabookatrandom,“ justlooking”for
nothinginparticular,oudoknowwha tyouwant,
andifyouhavetherightbook,asonswillvar y;theywill
includereadingorstudying“tofindoutmo reabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofind
ou thow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhath eisdoing.
youstarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomet hinglikethis,
“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBene thappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthis
art icletofindout.”Or,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewha tlifewaslikeinmedieval
England.”Becauseyouknoww hyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationt o
yourpurposeandrememberitbetter.
ttwoimport antprocessesgoonatthesametime.
Asyouread,hesame timeyouexpressyourown
eakindofmentalconversatio nwiththe
xpressedyourideasorally,theymightsound likethis:“Yes,’smy
opiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithough tthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthos e
dates,”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsid ered!”Youdon’tjustsittheretakingin
ideas--youdo somethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.
Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyourea dincludesevaluatingit,relatingitto
whatyoualrea dyknow,rwords,agoodreaderisa
tofcriticalreading ,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetween
ns areone’sownpersonal
reactions.
notherpartisd rawingaccurate
inferences.
annotrememberwhat youreadorstudy,________.
[A]itisnosurprise
[ B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything
[C]itm eansyouhavenotchosentherightbook
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[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance
youstartreading ,itisimportant________.
[A]tomakesurewhyyouarer eading
[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose[C]torememberwhatyouread
[D]tochooseaninteres tingbook
gactivityinvolves________.
[A]onlyt wosimultaneousprocesses
[B]primarilylearningabo utideasandevaluatingthemcritically
[C]merelydis tinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions
[D]mainlydra wingaccurateinferences
eaderisonewho________.[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesu bjectmatter
[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading
[D]isab letocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyk nown
Text2
Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequite familiarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,but
becaus eofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheex tentofitsinfluenceon
gheveryonemoreorlessknowsw hatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatone
wouldratherno thear,
simulithatat
onetimemightbeconsidered relevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependi ngon
ntyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestint he
effectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuc has“noisepollution”havearisen,together
withmove mentstoreducenoise.
Exposuretoloudnoisescandefi nitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,
d ependingontheintensity,duration,bspresent
noise hazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircra ft,drivingfarmtractors,and
working(orsitting)ra l,continuousexposure
tosoundsofover80decibels(a measureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangero us.
aboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureis
for asufficientperiodoftime,losswilldependuponthe
p articularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhether thesoundiscontinuousor
intermittent.
Noiseca nhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertai nkindsoftasks,for
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instance,ifonei sperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance, inwhichheis
responsiblefordetectingweaksignalso fsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenforthe
appea ranceofaircraft).
averiddenin
therearofajett ransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarr yonaconversationat
first,andthat,eventually,you adjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensateforthee ffect.
Theproblemisnoise.
iffersfromsoundint hat________.
[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththet askbeingdone
[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound
[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities
[D]itcanbe definedmorepreciselythanthelatter
heharmfuleffe ctsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat________.
[A] itreducesone’ssensitivity
[B]itrendersthevictim helpless
[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic< br>[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites
poseo fthispassageis________.
[A]todefinetheeffectsof noiseonhumanbehavior
[B]towarnpeopleofthedanger ofnoisepollution
[C]togiveadviceastohowtopreven thearingloss
[D]totellthedifferencebetweennoise andsound
Text3
Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoma n’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogo
id thatitisa
woman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfa miliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwo
oman’ swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.
Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageo ffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorof
,evenifweagr eethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafter
herchil drenbeforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperi odwouldextendonlyfor
abouttenyears.
Itmightb earguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplenty todoaboutthehome.
Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlyn olongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelife
co oking,cleaning,gmachinestakethedrudgeryoutoflaundr y,the
latestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandable towashanddryalargequantityofclothesina
eratorsh avemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlongperiodsandmany< br>-6-

ng,insteadofbeingadailytask,canbe
man-madefibersaremorehardwiringthannaturalfibe rs
andgreatlyreducemending,whilegoodready-madec lothesarecheapandplentiful.
Apartfromwomen’sown happiness,theneedsofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.< br>Modernsocietycannotdowellwithoutthecontribution thatwomencanmakeinprofessionsand
saseriousshort ageofnursesandteachers,tomentiononlytwoof
treme lywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublic
expense onlytohavethequalifiedteacherornursemarryafterayea rortwoandbelostforever
ining,itistrue,willhelph erindutiesasamother,butifshecontinued
towork,ct oriesandshops,too,arelargely
staffedbywomen,ere thequestionoftrainingisnotsoimportant,
industry andtradewouldbeseriouslyshortofstaffifmarriedwomen didnotwork.
horholdsthat________.
[A]therigh tplaceforallwomen,marriedorotherwise,isthehome,not elsewhere
[B]allmarriedwomenshouldhavesomeoccup ationoutsidethehome
[C]amarriedwomanshouldgivef irstprioritytoherdutiesasamother
[D]itisdesirab leforuneducatedmarriedwomentostayathomeandtakecare ofthe
family
-proudwoman________.
[A]woul ddevoteherwholelifetoherfamily
[B]wouldtakehero wnhappinessandthatofherfamilyasherchiefconcern
[C]wouldstillneedsomespecialtrainingatpublicexpens etohelpherinherdutiesasa
housewife
[D]wouldt akefulladvantageofmodernhouseholdappliances
ing totheauthor,modernsociety________.
[A]canoperat ejustaswellevenwithoutwomenparticipation
[B]has beengreatlyhamperedinitsdevelopmentbytheshortageof womennursesand
womenteachers
[C]cannotoperat eproperlywithoutthecontributionofwomen
[D]willb eseriouslyaffectedbythecontinuingshortageofworking womeninheavy
industriesandinternationaltrade
SectionIIIClozeTest
Foreachnumberedblankinthef ollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[ C],
and[D].ewhole
passagebeforemakingyourcho ice.(10points)
In1620,
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hundred
relookingforaplacewheretheycouldworshipGod
大26家
.Becauseofstrongwindsandseverestorms,theMa yflowerlostits
大27家
.The
bravegroupofcolo nistsfinallyhadtolandatPlymouthontherockycoastofMa ssachusettsin
hemiddleofthesternnorthernwinter.
大28家
monthsofstarvation,
disease,estrong estofthepilgrims
大29家
thatwinter.
Manywom engavetheirownpitifulrationstotheirchildrenanddied forlackoffoodfor

大30家
erewild
ore,the ywereable
togetenough
colonists’health
大3 1家
withthewarmweatherandtheirbetterdiet.
Int hefall,theylookback
大32家
rebothregretfulandt hankful.
ceinhumanlifeandtragedy
therhand,di dharvestwas
大33家
delevencrude
ereforfamil ies,andfourwerefor
communaluse.
大34家
,the yhadestablishedatreatyoffriendshipwiththeirIndiann eighbors
underChiefMassasoitinthesummer.
eMa yflowerreturnedtoEnglandthatsummer,
therewereno colonists
大35家
.Attheendoftheirfirstyearinth eirnewhome,thePilgrims
heirfirstThanksgivingDay .
26.[A]intheirownstyle
[B]intheirownway
[C]ontheirown
[D]oftheirown
27.[A]course
[B]route
[C]passage
[D]channel
28.[A]Unco mfortable
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[B]Bad
[C]Unfavourab le
[D]Terrible
29.[A]passed
[B]sustained< br>[C]survived
[D]spent
30.[A]situations
[B]environments
[C]conditions
[D]circumstanc es
31.[A]strengthened
[B]regained
[C]reco vered
[D]improved
32.[A]in
[B]of
[C]ov er
[D]at
33.[A]on
[B]behind
[C]for
[D]beyond
34.[A]Bestofall
[B]Forthebest
[ C]Totheirbest
[D]Allinall
35.[A]ashore
[B ]around
[C]about
[D]aboard
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SectionIVError-detectionandCorrection
artsarela beled[A],[B],[C]
and[D].Identifythepartofthesen tencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWER
,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedown yourcorrectiononthe
lineintheANSWERSHEET.(10poi nts)
EXAMPLE:
You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuys omething
because
there’s
hardly
someth ing
left
.
ABCD
ANSWER:[C]anything
onandthemanagementarehavingsuch
adifficult
t ime
agreeing
onacontract
AB
for
the forthcomingyearthattheworkers
maygoonstrike
.
CD
p,walked
across
theroom,and
wi th
asharpquickmovement
flung
thedoor
A BC
widelyopen
.
D
tory
inthefinalwas
nomore
convinced
thanIhad
expect ed
.
ABCD
ethereare
less
memberspre senttonight
than
there
were
lastnight, wemustwait
ABC
untilthenext
voting
.D
’vegivenhim
just
abouteverythinghe
asked;
whatever
else
can
hewant?
B
ACD

note-taking
,astrictdisciplineha stobe
kept
AB
unnecessarywords
elimina ted
.
D
etankcar
carried
thepoisono usgas
ranoff
therails,thefirementriedtoisola te
AB
thevillage
from
all
traffic.
CD
andallinessentialdetails
ignoredC
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43.
Tobe
frank,
tha t
isagreatrelief
tohavethetaskfulfilled
i n
soshortatime
.
ABCD
44.
At
ami nimum,thenegotiatorsare
hopingofachieving
an agreement
inprinciple
with
ABC
details to
beworkedout
later.
D

encouragin g
tonote
thatinrecentyears,cigarettesmokersh avebeen
inthedecline
,
ABC
especiallya mong
older
people.
D
SectionVVerbForms
Filranswer
intheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
E XAMPLE:
Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident___ _____(appoint)forthiscollege.
ANSWER:(should)be appointed
iddleAges,inRome,VeniceandotherItalia ncities,theredevelopedanintellectual
movement__ ______(call)humanism,whichwasthebasisoftheRenaissa nce.
ndorder________(be)notpreserved,neitherthe citizennorhispropertyissafe.
onelwasdecoratedfo rbravery,________(fight)offtheenemy.
’squiteobv iousthatPaulwon’tsellhisbusinessnowthathe’sgotit__ ______(run)so
well.
50.________(Notwish)todi sturbhisbabysister,hetiptoedintotheroom.
ned___ _____(talk)withhimwhenhewashitbyaballandcollapsed.
licants________(interview)arerequiredtobringal lthenecessarypapers.
obviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’s happened,otherwisehe________(notmake)sucha
stup idremark.
________(be)thecase,therearenogrounds tojustifyyourcomplaints.
showsnosignsof________ (repair);itlookslikeanewone.
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Sec tionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation
Translatethefo llowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)
56.恶劣的天气 使他无法按时动身去北京。
57.请先把事故的原因查清楚再向主任汇报。
58.直到演出已经 开始，他才匆匆赶到。
59.经当地政府批准后，他们取消了原定的项目。
60.他听到这意外 消息，吃惊得连一句话也说不出来。
SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTrans lation
eunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)
SeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYork firm,thereceptionistwasefficient.
Stylishlydres sed,thefirm’snewestemployeehadapleasanttelephonevo iceandanatural
panywaspleased:(61)Clearly,thisw asapersonwho
ing,thereceptionist,isunusual,butb y
nomeansunique.(62)Justasalltruckdriversandcon structionworkersarenolongernecessarily
men,bero fmenin
women-dominatedfieldsisstillsmallandthey haven’tattractedtheattentionthathasoften
follow edwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfields,butmenare movingintomoreandmore
jobsthathavetraditionally beenheldbywomen.
Strictlyspeaking,pastseveralde cades,menhavebeen
quietlyenteringfieldssuchasnu rsing,aynojob
vecoffeeinofficesandmealsonairpla nes.(63)Thesechangesare
helpingtoinfluencesomeo fthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmena nd
womencando--buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniable problemsforthemenwhoareentering
thosefieldsform erlydominatedbywomen.
Whatkindsofmenventureinto theseso-called“women’sfields”?Allkinds.(64)“Idon’t
knowofanydefiniteanswersI’dbecomfortablewith,” explainsJosephPleck,Ph.D.,ofthe
WellesleyColleg eCentreforResearchonWomen.
SamOrmont,forexample ,athirty-year-oldnurseataBostonhospital,wentintonu rsing
becausethearmyhadtrainedhimasamedicalwork er.(65)“Ifoundthatworkveryinteresting.”
herecal led,“andwhenIgotoutoftheserviceitjustseemednatural formetogointosomething
’treallyinterestedinbeco mingadoctor.”Thirty-five-year- oldDavidKing,an
out-of-workactor,foundajobasare ceptionistbecausehewashavingtroublelandingrolesin< br>Broadwayplaysandheneededtopaytherent.
(66)In otherwords,menenter“female”jobsoutofthesameconside rationforpersonal
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ilaritiesoften
up,theirworkhistoriesdiffer
inmostrespectsf romthoseoftheirfemalecolleagues,andtheyarefrequent lytreateddifferently
bythepeoplewithwhomtheyare inprofessionalcontact.
Thequestionnaturallyaris es:Whyaretherestillapproximatelyninety-ninefemale< br>secretariesforeveryonemale?ndon’twanttobe
re ceptionists,nurses,ply,thesearenotgenerally
con sideredverymasculinejobs.(67)Tochoosesuchalineofwo rkistoinviteridicule.
“Therewaskiddinginthebegi nning,”recallsOrmont.“Kidscomingfromschoolaskwhat< br>Iam,andwhenIsay‘Anurse,’mileandsay,‘Youknow,the reare
femaledoctors,too.’”
Still,go,malegrad eschoolteacherswereasrareas
orethanoneelementar yschoolteacherinsixismale.
(68)Canweanticipatea daywhensecretarieswillbeanevenmixofmenandwomen--or
whenthementionofamalenursewillnolongerraiseeye brows?It’sprobablycoming--butnot
verysoon.
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1988
年考研英语真题答案
I:StructureandV ocabulary(15points)
1.
6.
[C]
[B]
2 .
7.
[D]
[C]
3.
8.
[B]
[B]
4.
9.
[A]
[A]
5.[C]
10.[C]
15.[ C]11.[A]12.[A]13.[D]14.[A]
II:ReadingComprehens ion(20points)
16.[B]
21.[A]
17.[A]
22. [A]
18.[B]
23.[B]
19.[C]
24.[D]
20. [A]
25.[C]
III:ClozeTest(10points)
26.[B]
31.[D]
27.[A]
32.[C]
28.[D]
33.[B]
29.[C]
34.[A]
30.[C]
35.[D]
IV:Err or-detectionandCorrection(10points)
36.[A]sucha difficult
38.[C]convincing
40.[B]askedfor
42.[A]carrying
44.[B]hopingtoachieve
V:Verb Forms(10points)

fought
hing
terviewed

VI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)
therpreventedhimfromstartingoutforBeijingontime.< br>makesureofthecauseoftheaccidentandthenreporttot hedirector.
vedinahurryaftertheperformancehadal readystarted.
eapprovalofthelocalgovernment,the ycancelledtheoriginalproject.
aringtheunexpecte dnews,hewassosurprisedthathecouldn’tutteraword.

g
lking
’thavemade
beenrepaired
3 7.[D]wideopen
39.[A]fewer
41.[B]keptto
43 .[B]it
45.[C]onthedecline
14

VII:E nglish-ChineseTranslation(20points)
61.他显然，他是个对 自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人。
62.正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样，秘书和接待员再 也不一定都是女的。
63.这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女各可以干哪几类工作的看法 ，但这对
于进入原先以妇女为主的那些的男人来说，无疑也带来一些问题。
64.我还没听说过 有任何使我感到满意的确切答案。
65.他回忆说：“我觉得那种工作十分有趣，当我退役时，对我来说 ，去干某种医务工作，
似乎是极其自然的。”
66.换句话说，男人干起了“女人干的”工作， 其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样，既出于个
人的兴趣，也出于经济上需要的考虑。
67.选定 这一类工作是会惹人笑话的。
68.我们是否能预见到这么一天：那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到 某个男人当护士时，
人们不会再感到吃惊?
15