20150207雅思阅读考题回顾
新居对联-促销活动策划方案
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign
Language Examinations
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心 王婧
考试日期 2015年2月7日
Reading Passage 1
Title
Question types
History of Sahara（历史类）(V120616 P1)
TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN
Short answer questions
Summary
A. On October 13,2,000, a small
team of palaeontologists led by Paul
Sereno of
the University of Chicago clambered out of three
battered
Land Rovers, filled their water
bottles, and scattered on foot across
the
toffee-colored sands of the Tenere desert in
northern Niger. The
Tenere, on the southern
flank of the Sahara, easily ranks among the
most desolate landscapes on Earth. The Tuareg,
turbaned nomads
who for centuries have ruled
this barren realm, refer to it as a “desert
within a desert”a California-size ocean of
sand and rock, where a
single massive dune
might stretch a hundred miles, and the
combination of 120-degree heat and inexorable
winds can wick the
water from a human body in
less than a day. The harsh conditions,
combined with intermittent conflict between
the Tuareg and the Niger
government, have kept
the region largely unexplored.
B. Mike
Hettwer, a photographer accompanying the team,
headed off
by himself toward a trio of small
dunes. He crested the first slope and
stared
in amazement. The dunes were spilling over with
bones. He
took a few shots with his digital
camera and hurried back to the Land
Rovers. ‘I
found some bones:' Hettwer said, when the team had
regrouped.
C. In the spring of 2005
Sereno contacted Elena Garcea, an
archaeologist at the University of Cassino, in
Italy, inviting her to
accompany him on a
return to the site. Garcea had spent three
decades working digs along the Nile in Sudan
and in the mountains
of the Libyan Desert, and
was well acquainted with the ancient
peoples
of the Sahara. But she had never heard of Paul
Sereno. His
claim to have found so many
skeletons in one place seemed
farfetched,
given that no other Neolithic cemetery contained
more
than a dozen or so. Some archaeologists
would later be skeptical;
one sniped that he
was just a “moonlighting paleontologist.
Garcea
was too intrigued to dismiss him as an interloper.
She agreed
文章内容回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language
Examinations
to join him.
D.
Garcea explained that the Kiffian were a fishing-
based culture and
lived during the earliest
wet period, between 8,000 and 10,000 years
ago. She held a Kiffian sherd next to a
Tenerian one. “What is so
amazing is that the
people who made these two pots lived more than
a thousand years apart.
E. Over the
next three weeks, Sereno and Garcea-- along with
five
American excavators, five Tuareg guides,
and five soldiers from
Niger's army, sent to
protect the camp from bandits-- made a detailed
map of the site, which they dubbed Gobero,
after the Tuareg name
for the area. They
exhumed eight burials and collected scores of
artifacts from both cultures. In a dry lake
bed adjacent to t he dunes,
they found dozens
of fishhooks and harpoons carved from animal
bone. Apparently the Kiffian fishermen weren't
just going after small
fry: Scattered near the
dunes were the remains of Nile perch, a beast
of a fish that can weigh nearly 300 pounds, as
well as crocodile and
hippo bones.
F.
Sereno flew home with the most important skeletons
and artifacts
and immediately began planning
for the next field season. In the
meantime, he
carefully removed one tooth from each of four
skulls
and sent them to a lab for radiocarbon
dating. The results pegged the
age of the
tightly bundled burials at roughly 9,000 years
old, the heart
of the Kiffian era. The smaller
“sleeping” skeletons turned out to be
about
6,000 years old, well within the Tenerian period.
At least now
the scientists knew who was who.
G. In the fall of 2006 they returned to
Gobero, accompanied by a
larger dig crew and
six additional scientists. Garcea hoped to
excavate some 80 burials, and the team began
digging. As the
skeletons began to emerge from
the dunes, each presented a fresh
riddle,
especially the Tenerian. A male skeleton had been
buried with
a finger in his mouth.
H.
Even at the site, Arizona State University
bioarchaeologist Chris
Stojanowski could begin
to piece together some clues. Judging by
the
bones, the Kiffian appeared to be a peaceful,
hardworking
people. “The lack of head and
forearm injuries suggests they weren't
doing
much fighting,” he told me. “And these guys were
strong.” He
pointed to a long, narrow ridge
running along a femur. “That’s the
muscle
attachment,” he said. “This individual had huge
leg muscles,
which means he was eating a lot
of protein and had a strenuous
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for
Foreign Language Examinations
lifestyle--
both consistent with a fishing way of life.” For
contrast, he
showed me the femur of a Tenerian
male. The ridge was barely
perceptible. “This
guy had a much less strenuous lifestyle,” he said,
“which you might expect of a herder.
I. Stojanowski's assessment that the Tenerian
were herders fits the
prevailing view among
scholars of life in the Sahara 6,000 years ago,
when drier conditions favored herding over
hunting. But if the
Tenerian were herders,
Sereno pointed out, where were the herds?
Among the hundreds of animal bones that had
turned up at the site,
none belonged to goats
or sheep, and only three came from a cow
species. “It’s not unusual for a herding
culture not to slaughter their
cattle,
particularly in a cemetery，M Garcea responded,
noting that
even modem pastoralists, such as
Niger’s Wodaabe, are loath to
butcher even one
animal in their herd. Perhaps, Sereno reasoned,
the Tenerian at Gobero were a transitional
group that had not fully
adopted herding and
still relied heavily on hunting and fishing.
J. Back in Arizona, Stojanowski continues to
analyze the Gobero
bones for clues to the
Green Saharans’ health and diet. Other
scientists are trying to derive DNA from the
teeth, which could reveal
the genetic origins
of the Kiffian and Tenerian — and possibly link
them to descendants living today. Sereno and
Garcea estimate a
hundred burials remain to be
excavated. But as the harsh Tenere
winds
continue to erode the dunes, time is running out.
“Every
archaeological site has a life cycle，”
Garcea said. “It begins when
people begin to
use the place, followed by disuse, then nature
takes
over, and finally it is gone. Gobero is
at the end of its life.”
两个考古学家找骨头，然后研究两种
人（K和T）的历史。K靠打渔为
生，T体型较小，研究者A画了一幅地图。研究者B研究牙齿，结果<
br>证明之前的结论。从K类的骨架看出，他们骨头大，没有伤痕，强壮，
但没有发现工具。T类人有
工具，开始游牧生活，但不是完全游牧，有
两种hunting。
2. where the
residents come from, 游牧还是定居
3. 发现人类痕迹，A发现痕迹
4. 发现人类骨架
5. 两类人K和T, K taller靠打渔为生fishing,
Smaller T, 研究者A draw
a map
6.
研究者B研究牙齿，结果证明之前的结论
7. K features:
骨头大，没有伤痕，强壮，和谐，打渔，没有工具
8. T features:
从工具（开始游牧）
9. T不是完全游牧，两种hunting
题型技巧分析
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for
Foreign Language Examinations
10-13 Short
answer:
10. What 's a and b during the weeks,
Map
11. What they send back, Teeth
12.
What age taller, 9000
TRUEFALSENOT
GIVEN题：首先注意定位，该题型为顺序题型，
注意同义替换以及FALSE和NOT
GIVEN的辨析。FALSE是题目与文
章的对立，而NOT
GIVEN则是题目与文章不呈现关联。该篇文章是
旧题，难度不大，历史类文章。
剑桥雅思推荐原文
练习
Reading Passage 2
Title
Water Treatment: Reed
Bed水净化系统（科技类）(V140904 P2)
TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN
3题
Diagram 填图题 3题
多选题（五选二）
Summary
with tables 5题
Water Treatment: Reed Bed
A. Nowadays subsurface flow wetlands are a
common alternative in
Europe for the treatment
of wastewater in rural areas. Mainly in the
last 10 to 12 years there has been a
significant growth in the number
and size of
the systems in use. Compared to common treatment
facilities, wetlands are lower in cost
investment, lesser to maintain,
and are ideal
for densely populated rural or suburban areas
rather
than urban areas.
B. The
Common Reed has the ability to transfer oxygen
from its
leaves, down through its stem and
rhizomes, and out via its root
system. As a
result of this action, a very high population of
micro-organisms occurs in the root system,
with zones of aerobic,
anoxic, and anaerobic
conditions. Therefore with the waste water
moving very slowly and carefully through the
mass of Reed roots,
this liquid can be
successfully treated.
C. A
straightforward definition of a reed bed is if you
have dirty water
in your pool or water, which
is heavily polluted, Reed Beds will be
planted
to make the water clean again. This is good for
ecology and
living organisms and fish in the
water. Reed Beds have a wide range
of
qualities and arc acceptable for cleaning
everything from
secondary to tertiary
treatment of mild domestic effluent, to rural
waste and even heavy industrial contaminants.
The reason why
they're so effective is often
because within the bed's root sector,
C5T1P1
Johnson' s Dictionary
C9T4P3 The Development
of Museum
Question types
文章内容回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for
Foreign Language Examinations
natural
biological, physical and chemical processes
interact with one
another to degrade or remove
a good range of pollutants. Reed beds
can be
built in a number of variants, but mainly they are
of the
horizontal flow or vertical (down) flow
configuration where water
flows through the
beds horizontally or vertically.
D.
Horizontal flow wetlands may be of two types: free
water
surface-flow (FWF) or sub-surface water-
flow (SSF). In the former
the effluent flows
freely above the sandgravel bed in which the
reeds etc. are planted; in the latter effluent
passes through the
sandgravel bed. In FWF-type
wetlands, effluent is treated by plant
stems,
leaves and rhizomes. Such FWF wetlands are densely
planted and typically have water-depths of
less than 0.4m. However,
dense planting can
limit oxygen diffusion into the water. These
systems work particularly well for low
strength effluents or effluents
that have
undergone some form of pretreatment and play an
invaluable role in tertiary treatment and the
polishing of effluents.
The horizontal reed
flow system uses a long reed bed, where the
liquid slowly flows horizontally through. The
length of the reed bed is
about 100 meters.
The downside of<4hc horizontal reed beds is that
they use up lots of land space and they do
take quite a long time to
produce clean water.
VERTICAL FLOW REED BED SYSTEMS
E. A vertical flow reed bed is a sealed,
gravel filled trench with reeds
growing in it
(see the picture below). The common reed
oxygenates
the water, which helps to create
the right environment for colonies of
bacteria
to break down unwanted organic matter and
pollutants. The
reeds also make the bed
attractive to wildlife.
How a vertical
flow reed bed works?
F. In vertical flow
(downflow) reed beds, the wastewater is applied on
top of the reed bed, flows down through a
rhizome zone with sludge
as substrate, then
the root zone with sand as substrate and followed
by a layer of gravel for drainage, and is
collected in an under
drainage system of large
stones. The effluent flows onto the surface
of
the bed and percolates slowly through the
different layers into an
outlet pipe, which
leads to a horizontal flow bed and is cleaned by
millions of bacteria, algae, fungi, and
microorganisms that digest the
waste,
including sewage. There is no standing water so
there should
be no unpleasant smells.
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for
Foreign Language Examinations
G. Vertical
flow reed bed systems are much more effective than
horizontal flow reed-beds not only in reducing
biochemical oxygen
demanded (BOD) and
suspended solids (SS) levels but also in
reducing ammonia levels and eliminating
smells. Usually
considerably smaller than
horizontal flow beds, but they are capable
of
handling much stronger effluents which contain
heavily polluted
matters and have a longer
lifetime value. A vertical Reed bed system
works more efficiently than a horizontal reed
bed system, but it
requires more management,
and its reed beds are often operated for
a few
days then rested, so several beds and a
distribution system
arc needed.
H.
There are several advantages of Reed Bed Systems
over
traditional forms of water treatment:
first, they have low construction
and running
costs; second, they are easy management; third,
they
have an excellent reduction of
biochemical oxygen demand and
suspended
solids; last, they have a potential for efficient
removal of a
wide range of pollutants.
I. Reed beds are natural habitats found in
floodplains, waterlogged
depressions and
estuaries. The natural bed systems are a
biologically proved, an environmentally
friendly and visually
unobtrusive way of
treating wastewater, and have the extra virtue of
frequently been better than mechanical
wastewater treatment
systems. In the medium to
long term reed bed systems are, in most
cases,
more cost effective in installment than any other
wastewater
treatment. They arc robust and
require little maintenance. They are
naturally
environmentally sound protecting groundwater,
dams,
crocks, rivers and estuaries.
一种reed bed的水净化系统的工作原理。有两种，一种是horizontal,
一种是vertical, 后者比前者有效率，净化效果好，不仅能减少对氧气
的需求，还能
消除味道，并且体积比较小，但能处理更多的污水。但
是它需要更好的管理和监控，它的reed
beds在工作一段时间后，需
要休息，所以需要几个替换体系。
14-16
TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN:
14. The reed bed system is
a conventional method for water
treatment in
urban area. FALSE
15. In the reed roots, there
is a series of process that help break
部分考题
down the pollutants. TRUE
16. Escherichia
coli is the most difficult bacteria to be
dismissed.
NOT GIVEN
17-19 Diagram
填图题(No more than three words):
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for
Foreign Language Examinations
17. Sludge
18. Sand
19. Gravel
20-21多选题：
What are the two benefits of natural bed
systems when compared to
the conventional
systems? 选：A&B
A. Operation does not require
electricity or fuel supply.
B. They're
visually good and environmental friendly.
C.
No mechanical systems are involved.
D. They're
to be set up and used in less cost.
E. They do
not break down.
22-26 Summary with
tables:
22. 选：E
23. 选：C
24. 选：G
25. 选：B
26. 选：D
剑桥雅思推荐原文
练习
Reading Passage 3
Title
Question
types
广告（商业类）
TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN 5题
Summary with tables 4题
Multiple choice 5题
C9T3P2 Tidal Power
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language
Examinations
文章内容回顾
1. 介绍从事广告时间
2.
做广告的四种阶段
3. 介绍这个人的广告理念：文字叙述 language
description, image
picture
4. 列举case red
meat
5. 自己的理念：basic concepts, creativity,
customs response
6. 尽管如此，他的有些东西过时了
单选题：答案是文中出现的信息，同义替换即可，不要画蛇添足，不
要加入自己的主观想象。
Summary with tables:
注意文中找到答案后要在所给选项中找出同义
词，即答案的同义替换。
C6T3P2
Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions
题型技巧分析
剑桥雅思推荐原文
练习
考试趋势分析和备考指导：
本场考试较简单，考的话题也是比较常见的。考到了是非无判断题，考生应该比较熟悉这类<
br>题型，且本场考试中没有搭配题，极大地降低了考试的难度。但从2015年初的几场考试的
趋势
判断，考生们不能忽视搭配题，同时要注意summary with tables的做法。