青岛市教育局-同学聚会通知

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006)
―GRADE EIGHT―
TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN
PART I LISTENING

COMPREHENSION

[35

MIN]
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While
listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need
them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be
given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task
on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the
questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10
seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green’s university days?
[A] She felt bored.
[B] She felt lonely.
[C] She cherished them.
2. Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment?
[D] The subject was easy.
[A] Doing surveys at workplace.
[B] Analyzing survey results.
[C] Designing questionnaires.
3. According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the
[D] Taking a psychology course.
advertising agency lies in
[A] the nature of work.
[B] office decoration.
[C] office location.
4. Why did Miss Green want to leave the advertising agency?
[D] work procedures.
[A] She felt unhappy inside the company.
[B] She felt work there too demanding.
[C] She was denied promotion in the company.
[D] She longed for new opportunities.
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5. How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?
[A] She was willing and ready.
[B] She sounded mildly eager.
[C] She a bit surprised.
[D] She sounded very reluctant.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions
that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.
Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10
seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
6. The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted to
[A] destroy the European Central Bank.
[B] have an interview with a TV station.
[C] circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.
7. Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?
[D] remember the death of a U.S. astronaut.
[A] He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.
[B] He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.
[C] He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.
[D] He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.
Questions 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given
10 seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
8. The news is mainly about the city government’s plan to
[A] expand and improve the existing subway system.
[B] build underground malls and parking lots.
[C] prevent further land subsidence.
[D] promote advanced technology.
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be
given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.
Now listen to the news.
9. According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones is
[A] that it can hear the owner’s voice.
[B] that it can remember a password.
[C] that it can identify the owner’s voice.
10. The newly developed credit card is said to have all the following EXCEPT
[D] that it can remember the owner’s PIN.
[A] switch.
[B] battery.
[C] speaker.
[D] built-in chip.

专八历年真题
PART II READING COMPREHENSION [30 MIN]
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice
questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.
TEXT A
Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow’s universities by writers representing
The University in Transformation
, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer
both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning
nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.
voluntary community to scholarsteachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the
The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University
—
a
world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such
as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once,
and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world’s great libraries.
produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution,
Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware,
and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns
sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a
rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings
of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and
throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors
David Rooney and Greg Hearn.
in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content
On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role
dangers
—
will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.
—
or other
fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily
Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the
technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could
focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the
world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we
believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the
highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals”?
and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers,
Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow’s university faculty, instead of giving lectures
assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching
the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors,
would function much like today’s faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more
students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning
from their students as well as instructing them.
would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students
A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley’s view the most challenging and rewarding of all,
colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to
specific real-world problems.
drive out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses on
Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily
the Internet, between or even during sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.
the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how
As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and
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thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even
in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical,
sustainable realities.
11. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,
[A] he is in favour of it.
[B] his view is balanced.
[C] he is slightly critical of it.
12. Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?
[D] he is strongly critical of it.
[A] Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.
[B] Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.
[C] Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.
13. According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?
[D] The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.
[A] Knowledge learning and career building.
[B] Learning how to solve existing social problems.
[C] Researching into solutions to current world problems.
14. Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrow’s university faculty, university
[D] Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.
teachers
[A] are required to conduct more independent research.
[B] are required to offer more course to their students.
[C] are supposed to assume more demanding duties.
15. Which category of writing does the review belong to?
[D] are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.
[A] Narration.
[B] Description.
[C] Persuasion.
[D] Exposition.
TEXT B
can drive the streets of their hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home
Every street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods
by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for
fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.
buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum
The town had changed, but then it hadn’t. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal
visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything with no permit,
no inspection, no notice to adjoining landowners. Nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors
required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the
year.
streets were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still
But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded
owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on, the new owners kept the lawns clipped
and the shutters painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.
This deep in
Bible
country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on

Sundays except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbours, rest and relax the way God intended.
hour for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was
It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed
Dizzy Dean Park where he had played little League for the Pirates, and here was the public pool
he’d swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children.
There were the churches Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian facing each other at the intersection
of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples competing for height. They were empty now,
but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services.
just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But
The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was
here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasn’t a single empty or
boarded-up building around the square no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the
banks and law offices and cafés, all closed for the Sabbath.
tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had
He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the
always assumed that the family money he’d never seen must have been buried in those graves.
He parked and walked to his mother’s grave, something he hadn’t done in years. She was buried
among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.
receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to
Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father’s study, sipping bad instant tea and
give, many decrees and directions, because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man

and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.
waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he’d never visited since he’d left it.
Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he’d climbed twice, the second time with the police
Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost
became famous before getting bounced off the team.
It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.
16. From the first paragraph, we get the impression that
[A] Ray cherished his childhood memories.
[B] Ray had something urgent to take care of.
[C] Ray may not have a happy childhood.
17. Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray’s hometown?
[D] Ray cannot remember his childhood days.
[A] Lifeless.
[B] Religious.
[C] Traditional.
18. From the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents was
[D] Quiet.
[A] close.
[B] remote.
[C] tense.
19. It can be inferred from the passage that Ray’s father was all EXCEPT
[D] impossible to tell.
[A] considerate.
[B] punctual.
[C] thrifty.
[D] dominant.
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TEXT C
people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or
Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the
six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which
fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there
dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time,
when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private
or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real
feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes,
drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta;
every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle
with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes
of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour
has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it
faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip
would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished
alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the
modest material requirements of a sparse population.
Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance.
Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British
The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon
which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to
every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one’s own house and fire
at one’s neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie and wait on some high crag, and at hitherto
unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the
trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products
of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady
flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect
which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.
great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a
The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The
monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back
(which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place,
followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the
tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded
these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many
cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt policy” to which the
Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders
began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They
sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no
objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was
regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep
quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too
much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.
20. The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid” in the first paragraph means
[A] loans.
[B] accounts.
[C] killings.
[D] bargains.

专八历年真题
of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?
[A] Melting snows.
[B] Large population.
[C] Steep hillsides.
ing to the passage, the Pathans welcomed
[D] Fertile valleys.
[A] the introduction of the rifle.
[B] the spread of British rule.
[C] the extension of luxuries.
ng roads by the British
[D] the spread of trade.
[A] put an end to a whole series of quarrels.
[B] prevented the Pathans from carrying on feuds.
[C] lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans.
24.A suitable title for the passage would be
[D] gave the Pathans a much quieter life.
[A] Campaigning on the Indian frontier.
[B] Why the Pathans resented the British rule.
[C] The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.
[D] The Pathans at war.
TEXT D
hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum
“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a
had a
many temples notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) had
mouseion
, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art,
collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings
and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.
exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition.
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens,
Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture
galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant “Muses’ shrine”.
churches and monasteries which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger
martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of
natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs,
fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems often antique engraved ones as well as,
increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the
skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.
churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were
At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the
considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on
inside them and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity
in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of
any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to
emulation; and so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near
San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early
“inspirational” collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary “modern” works were
also added to such galleries.
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or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world.
In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three
But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the
institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians
to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most
famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise
of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was
organized, the Museum- Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna,
the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial
treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation
of “improving” collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as
well as perhaps the largest of them.
25. The sentence “Museum is a slippery word” in the first paragraph means that
[A] the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the 15th century.
[B] the meaning of the word had changed over the years.
[C] the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.
[D] princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.
26. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from
[A] the Romans.
[B] Florence.
[C] Olympia.
[D] Greek.
27. “… the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined” in the third paragraph means that
[A] there was a great demand for fakers.
[B] fakers grew rapidly in number.
[C] fakers became more skillful.
[D] fakers became more polite.
28. Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were
[A] collected from elsewhere.
[B] made part of the buildings.
[C] donated by people.
[D] bought by churches.
29. Modern museums came into existence in order to
[A] protect royal and church treasures.
[B] improve existing collections.
[C] stimulate public interest.
[D] raise more funds.
30. Which is the main idea of the passage?
[A] Collection and collectors.
[B] The evolution of museums.
[C] Modern museums and their functions.
[D] The birth of museums.

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE [10 MIN]
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.

Choose the best answers to each
your answers on your colored answer sheet.
31. The President during the American Civil War was
[A] Andrew Jackson.
32. The capital of New Zealand is
[C] Thomas Jefferson.
[B] Abraham Lincoln.
[D] George Washington.
[A] Christchurch.
33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?
[C] Wellington.
[B]
[D]


Auckland.
Hamilton.
[A] The Aborigines. [B] The Maori.
34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of
[C] The Indians. [D] The Eskimos.
[A] the Shadow Cabinet.
35. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?
[C] the Opposition.
[B] the Parliament.
[D] the Cabinet.
[A] T. S. Eliot. [B] D. H. Lawrence.
36. The novel
[C] Theodore Dreiser. [D] James Joyce.
[A] Scott Fitzgerald. [B] William Faulkner.
For Whom the Bell Tolls
is written by
37. _____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.
[C] Eugene O’Neil. [D] Ernest Hemingway.
[A] Free verse [B] Sonnet
38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of
[C] Ode [D] Epigram
[A] reference. [B] meaning.
39. The words “kid, child, offspring” are examples of
[C] antonymy. [D] context.
[A] dialectal synonyms.
40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by
[C] emotive synonyms.
[B] stylistic synonyms.
[D] collocational synonyms.
[A] Halliay.
[C] Bloomfield.
[B] Chomsky.
[D] Saussure.
PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION [15 MIN]
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case,
only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word,
underline the wrong word and write the correct one in
the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word,
mark the position of the missing word with a “
and write the word you believe to be missing in the
∧
” sign
blank provided at the end of the line.
For an unnecessary word,
cross the unnecessary word with a slash “”and put the
word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
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EXAMPLE
When
∧
art museum wants a new exhibit,
(1)
an
it never buys things in finished form and hangs
(2) never
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build it.
(3) exhibit
The University as Business
We use language primarily as a means of communication with
other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which
we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions
(1)
as to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular
(2)

message; the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary
(3)

(4)

and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate
his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other
(5)


English speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which
he uses actively and that which he recognizes, increases in size as
he grows old as a result of education and experience.
(6)

But, whether the language store is relatively small or large,
the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the
individual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to
be seen by another member of his linguistic community; he has to
(7)
give the system a concrete transmission form. We take it for
(8)


granted the two most common forms of transmission — by means
of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual
(9)
signs (writing). And these are among most striking of human
(10)


achievements.
PART V TRANSLATION [60 MIN]
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on
ANSWER SHEET THREE.
中华民族自古以来 从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比
例较为恰当的地 位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随
欲望与 野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以
不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心< br>家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。
SEC TION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER

专八历年真题
SHEET THREE.
On May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appointed British Prime Minister, gave his
first speech to Parliament. He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at
a time when England’s survival was still in doubt.
“… I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the
most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.
You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might
and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never
surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crimes.
You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs—victory
in spite of all terrors—for without victory there is no survival.
Let that be realized, no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that British Empire
has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward
toward his goal.
I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail
among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, ‘Come
then, let us go forward together with our united strength’.”
PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]
Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, once said, “We decide what is important and what
is trivial in life. We decide (so) that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we
refuse to do but no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these
choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so
are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.” Do you agree
or disagree with him? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled:
Ambition
In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your opinion in response to Epstein’s
view, and in the second part you should support your opinion with appropriate details. In the
last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to
follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
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ANSWER SHEET ONE
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE
words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable.
You may refer to your notes.
Meaning in Literature
In reading literary works, we are concerned with the “meaning” of one literary piece or another.
However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue.
There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.
I. Meaning is what is intended by (1) .
(1)
Apart from reading an author’s working in question, readers
need to
1) read (2) by the same author;
(2)
2) get familiar with (3) at the time;
(3)
3) get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.
II. Meaning exists “in” the text itself.
1) some people’s view: meaning is produced by the formal
properties of the text like (4) , etc.
(4)
2) speaker’s view: meaning is created by both conventions of
meaning and (5) .
(5)
Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common
traditions and conventions of usage. But different time periods
& different (6) perspectives could lead to different
(6)
interpretations of meaning in context.
III. Meaning is created by (7) .
(7)
1) meaning is (8)
(8)
2) meaning is contextual;
3) meaning requires (9)
(9)
— practicing competency in reading
— practicing other competencies
— background research in (10) , etc.
(10)

2006年
2006年英语专业八级答案及详解
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI- LECTURE
Meaning in Literature
Meaning in Literature
In reading literary works, we are concerned with the
Good morning, in today’s lecture, we shall discuss what meaning is in literary works. When
we read novels, poems, etc., we invariably ask ourselves a question. That is, what does the writer
“meaning” of one literary piece or another. However, finding out
mean here? In other words, we are interested in finding out the meaning. But meaning is a difficult
issue in literature, how do we know what a work of literature is supposed to mean or what its
what something really means is a difficult issue.
real meaning is? I’d like to discuss three ways to explain what meaning is. 1: Meaning is what is
intended by the author. 2: Meaning is created by and contained in the text itself. And 3: Meaning
There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.
is created by the reader.
Now, let’s take a look at the first approach. That is, meaning is what is intended by the
I. Meaning is what is intended by (1) the author.
author. Does a work of literature mean what the author intended it to mean? And if so, how can
信息辨认
we tell? If all the evidence we have is the text itself and nothing else, we can only guess what
Apart from reading an author’s work in question, readers need
ideas the author had according to our understanding of literature and the world. In order to have
a better idea of what one particular author means in one of his works, I suggest that you do the
to
following. First, go to the library and read other works by the same author. Second, get to know
something about what sort of meanings seem to be common in literary works in that particular
1) read (2) other works by the same author;
信息辨认
tradition and at that time. In other words, we need to find out what the literary trends were in
those days. And last, get to know what were the cultural values and symbols of the time. I guess
2) get familiar with (3) literary trends at the time;
信息推断
you can understand the author’s meaning much more clearly after you do the related background
3) get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.
research.
Now, let’s move on to the second approach to meaning. That is, meaning is created by and
II. Meaning exists “in” the text itself.
contained in the text itself. Does the meaning exist in the text? Some scholars argue that the formal
properties of the text like grammar, diction, uses of image, and so on, and so forth contained and
1) some people’s view: meaning is produced by the formal
produced the meaning so that any educated or competent reader will inevitably come to more or
less the same interpretation as any other. As far as I am concerned, the meaning is not only to be
properties of the text like (4) grammar, diction, image, etc.
found in the literary traditions and grammatical conventions of meaning, but also in the cultural
信息辨认
codes which have been handed down from generation to generation. So when we and other readers,
2) speaker’s view: meaning is created by both conventions of
including the author as well, are set to come up with similar interpretations, that kind of agreement
could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage, practice, and interpretation. In
meaning and (5) cultural codes.
other words, we have some kind of shared basis for the same interpretation. But that does not mean
信息转述
that readers agree on the meaning all the time. In different time periods, with different cultural
Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by
perspectives, including class, belief, and world view, readers — I mean competent readers — can
arrive at different interpretations of texts. So meaning in the text is determined by how readers see
common traditions and conventions of usage. But different
it. It is not contained in the text in a fixed way.
Now, the third approach to meaning, that is meaning is created by the reader. Does the meaning
time periods & different (6) cultural perspectives could lead
then exist in the reader’s response? In a sense, this is inescapable. Meaning exists only in so far as it
信息转述
means to someone. And literary works are written in order to evoke sets of responses in the reader.
to different interpretations of meaning in context.
This leads us to consider three essential issues. The first is, meaning is social. That is, language
III. Meaning is created by (7) the reader.
and conventions work only as shared meaning, and our way of viewing the world can exist only
信息辨认
as shared or sharable. Similarly, when we read a text, we are participating in social or cultural
1) meaning is (8) social;
meaning. So response to a piece of literary work is not merely an individual thing, but is part of
信息辨认
culture and history. Second, meaning is contextual. If you change the context, you often change the
2006-7
1.
【解析】
本演讲稿的题目为
Meaning in Literature
（
“文学作
品的含义”
）
,
内容主 要从三个方面展开，即
1)
含义是作者
的用意；
2)
含义存在于文章 本身；
3)
含义是由读者创造的。
本题涉及第一个方面，答案为
the au thor
。
2.
【解析】
演讲的第一个方面（即含义是作者的用意）又分为< br>三点，本题针对第一点。讲座中提到，首先要去图书馆读
同一作者的其他作品，即
oth er works
。
3.
【解析】
同上题，本题是演讲的第一个方面中的第二 点，即我
们需要弄清那个年代的文学潮流是怎样的，答案为
literary
trends
。讲座中的
find out
转化为题干中的
get familiar
with
。
4.
【解析】
演讲的第二个方面（即 含义存在于文章本身）分
别介绍了某些人的观点和演讲者的观点。本题所在处针对
第一种观点， 即某些学者认为文章的含义因其文法特性如
语法、措辞、比喻而产生，因此答案为
gramma r, diction,
image
。
5.
【解析】
同上题，本题 针对演讲者的观点，认为不仅能在
文学传统和语法习惯中得出文章含义，还能在世代相传
的文化 代码中得出，因此答案为
cultural codes
。讲座中的
literary traditions
和
grammatical conventions

简化为题干中的
conventions
；
not only…but also

结构转化为
both…and

结构。
6.< br>【解析】
讲座中提到，在不同时期，由于文化视角不同，
读者对语境含义的理解也不同， 由此推断影响读者理解
的有两个因素：不同时期和不同文化视角，因此答案为
cultural
。两个影响因素由讲座中的状语转化为题干中的
主语。
7.
【解析】
根据第一题的解析可知，本题涉及演讲内容的第三
个方面，即含义是由读者创造的，即
the reader
。

专八真题点评
2006年
2) meaning is contextual;meaning. And last, meaning requires reader competency. Texts constructed as literature have their
own ways of expressions or sometimes we say, styles and the more we know of them, the more we
8.
【解析】
演讲的第三个方面（即含义是由读者创造
3) meaning requires (9) reader competency;
can understand the text. Consequently, there is, in regard to the question of meaning, the matter of
的）又分为三点，第一点直接提到含义是具有社会性
信息辨认
reader competency as it is called the experience and knowledge of comprehending literary texts.
的，即
social
。
— practicing competency in reading
Your professors might insist that you practice and improve competency in reading, and they might
also insist that you interpret meaning in the context of the whole work. But you may have to learn
9.
【解析】
演讲第三个方面最后一点提到，含义的理解
other competencies too. For instance, in reading Malik Rogenan’s
The Untouchables
, you might
有赖于读者能力，即
reader competency
。
— practicing other competencies
have to learn what the social structure of what India was like at that time. What traditions of
writing were in practice in India in the early 1930’s, what political, cultural and personal influences
10.
【解析】
本题涉及演讲第三个方面的最后一点，即读
— b ackground research in (10) social structuretraditions of
Malik Rogenan came under when constructing the imaginative world of the short novel.
信息转述
Okay, you may see that this idea that meaning requires competency in reading, in fact, brings
者能力。讲座中提到要想提高读者能力，不仅要 培养
读的能力，还要培养其他能力，比要了解与所读书籍
writinginfluences , etc.
us back to the historically situated understandings of an author and his works. As we mentioned
earlier in this lecture, to different conventions and ways of reading and writing and to the point
that meaning requires a negotiation between cultural meanings across time, culture, class, etc. As
有关的国家的社会结构，当时的写作传统以及作者受
readers, you have in fact acquired a good deal of competency already, but you should acquire more.
到的政治文化个人影响，因此答案为
social structure
或
The essential point of this lecture is that meaning in literature is a phenomenon that is not easily
traditions of wr iting
或
influences
。这部分属于背景研
located, that meaning is historical, social and derived from the traditions of reading and thinking,
and understanding of the world that you are educated about.
究，即题干中的
background research
。
Thank you for your attention.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
【听前预测】
从各题干获得关键词
Miss Green,

university days
，
Department of Employment
，
difference
，
advertising agency
，
Why
，
leave
，
heavier workload
，
new job
，据此推测，该篇访谈可能是一场求职面试的过程，其中涉及求职者
Miss
Green
的大学生活、之前的两份工作经历及差别、上份工作辞职的原因以及对新工作的信心等内容。
M: Well, I see from your resume, Ms Green, that you studied at University College. How did you find it there?
W: I had a great time. The teaching there was good, and I made a lot of friends. The psychology department was a great place to
信息推断
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green’s university days?
[A] She felt bored.
be.
M: How come you chose psychology?
[B] She felt lonely.
W: Well, at first I didn’t have any clear idea of what I want to do after university. I guess I’ve just always been interested in people,
[C] She cherished them.
and the way they act. I want to know why people think and act the way they do. It’s a fascinating area.
[D] The subject was easy.
M: And what was the course like?
【
解析
】选[C]。根据题干关键词university days，听音时注意捕捉女士大学生活的相关信息，并
W: Good, the teachers were all really nice, and they had the special approach to teaching. You know, they didn’t just give us lectures
对选项进行判断。录音中女士的第一段话就提到，她在大学度过了 一段愉快的时光，那的教学很
and tell us to read books like they might do in some more traditional places. The whole course was based on a problem-solving
棒， 她也交到了很多朋友，并认为心理学系很不错。由此可以推断出，她对大学生活很满意，很
approa ch. You know, they describe a particular situation to us, and we discuss what might happen, and after that, we did some
珍惜，答案为[C]。
reading and saw if it confirmed our own ideas. That’s what I liked best, the really practical orientation of the course. I learned
very well with that style, so for me it was just great.
2. Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment?
M: I see from your resume that you graduated about four years ago and after that, let me see…
W: I got a job with the Department of Employment; it was only a temporary thing for about five months. I was a researcher in the
[A] Doing surveys at workplace.
department. We designed survey, went out to the factories, and asked all the questions to the workers and the management,
信息辨认
[B] Analyzing survey results.
then went back to the office, analyze all the data and produced a report. It was quite interesting, and I guess the psychology
[C] Designing questionnaires.
course at college helped me a lot.
[D] Taking a psychology course.
M: And after that, you worked for three years in an advertising agency. That must have been a bit of change from the Department of
【
解析
】选[D]。听音时注意捕捉女士在Department of Employment工作时的相关信息。根据录音内
Employment, wasn’t it?
信息转述
容可知，其工作内容包括在工作场所开展调查工作，设置调查问卷，对调查结果进行分 析，最后
W: Well, not really. I suppose the office furnishings were a bit more sophisticated but the work was quite similar. I was basically still
作出调查报告。因此只有[D]项未提及，为答案。
doing the same thing, designing questionnaires, going out, asking questions and writing reports. The only difference was that this
①
2006-8

2006年
time I wasn’t asking people about their work. I was asking them what kind of shampoo they bought and if they prefer brand X to
①
3. According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the
brand Y. Then I’d make up a report and the agency would use the information in their advertising campaigns. I enjoyed my work
advertising agency lies in
a lot.
M: So why did you decide to leave?
[A] the nature of work.
W: Three years is a long time to be asking people those sort of questions about shampoo and drinks. No, seriously, after two years, I
[B] office decoration.
was in charge of the research department of the agency, and I had one assistant researcher. I guess after two years of doing that, I
[C] office location.
suppose I felt, you know, I can do this well and now I want to do something else that’s a little different, and there was nowhere
[D] work procedures.
for me to go inside the company. It just wasn’t challenging for me anymore, and because I needed challenge, I decided to
信息推断
【
解析
】选[B]。题干关键词the main difference。录音中当被问及两份工作差别是否很大时，女士
move on. When I heard about the position of senior researcher here, I thought, that’s exactly the chance I want, to combine my
回答否定，提到只是后者的办公室装饰有点复杂，工作内容很相似。因此 本题答案为[B]“办公
management skills and my research interests, working in a much larger department with more varied work.
室装饰”。
M: And you felt that the job description on our advertisement will offer you the kind of challenge you’re looking for?
W: Yes. As I said, management in a larger organization and research combined. Also, to be honest with you, I heard about the job
4. Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?
before it was advertised. A friend of mine who works here, Mark Aston, told me a few weeks ago that you were looking for
[A] She felt unhappy inside the company.
someone to take over the job. He described the position to me in quite a bit of detail, and I thought, well, that’s exactly what I am
looking for. So really, I’d written my letter of application before the job was even advertised.
[B] She felt work there too demanding.
M: I should tell you that with the present cutbacks, we’ve only got one full-time administered assistant in the section. How would
[C] She was denied promotion in the company.
you feel about doing your own word processing, photo copying, that sort of things?
[D] She longed for new opportunities.
W: Oh, I am used to that. I’ve done all my own word processing for ages. It’s the only way to write really, isn’t it? I can type well,
【
解析
】选[D]。听音时注意捕捉女士离开the advertising agency的原因。录音中女士提到，她认
about sixty words a minute. I did the secretarial course after I left school so I learned typing in a short hand, then a few years
信息转述
为工作两年后，她对这份工作已经很熟练，这份 工作对她已经没有挑战性，她想做些其他不同
later I bought a PC, and I learned how to do word processing too.
的工作，而公司内 部又没有任何发展空间，她需要挑战，想有所改变。故[B]、[C]均错误，[A]
M: Well, that’s handy. Now, in the position you’ve applied for, you’d have five assistant researchers responsible to you. That’s
未提及，只有[D]正确，为答案。
considerably more responsibility than you have before, so you are obviously ambitious, and as you said you like a challenge. I
was wondering, what you see yourself doing in, say, five or ten years on the track?
5. How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?
W: Oh, that’s a difficult question. Let me try to answer your question this way. I am particularly interested in experimental design
and also in teaching. I’d like to continue the organization in planning side of research, but do some teaching too. I know that you
[A] She was willing and ready.
have lecturers here who do just that sort of thing, some practical work and some undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. So
[B] She sounded mildly eager.
that’s what I am really aiming for, to be a lecturer here as well.
[C] She was a bit surprised.
M: Well, that’s certainly a career path we’d encourage you to follow, but of course it might be necessary to upgrade your present
[D] She sounded very reluctant.
qualifications first. I see from your resume that you’ve enrolled in a MA in experimental psychology. Could you tell me a bit < br>【
解析
】选[A]。听音时注意捕捉女士对新工作的态度信息。当被问及能否胜任相对较 大的工作
about the courses you’re planning to take?
量时，女士回答肯定并信心十足地对自己的能力进行了详细讲述，因此答案为[A]“情愿的；有
准备的”。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
NEWS ITEM ONE
【听前预测】
由题干关键词
stole
，
aircraft< br>可以推测，该篇新闻是关于一名男子偷飞机的报道，听音时注意捕捉其偷飞机的动机，该男子的身份，以及 其偷飞机后的所作所为。
6. The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted to
A man stole a small aircraft at gunpoint Sunday and flew it over downtown Frankfurt, circling skyscrapers and 6. 【解析】选[D]。根据新闻内容可知，该男
[A] destroy the European Central Bank.
threatening to crash into the European Central Bank. He landed safely after about two hours and was arrested. The man told
子偷飞机后围绕摩天大楼旋转并威胁称要撞
[B] have an interview with a TV station.
a television station he wanted to call attention to Judith Resnik, a U.S. astronaut killed in the 1986 post-launch explosion
击欧洲中央银行。但当其被捕后，他告诉电
[C] circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.
of the space shuttle Challenger. Military jets chase the stolen two- seat motorized glider as the man began circling slowly
台他这样做的目的是引起人们对1986年“挑
战者”号航天飞机失事中遇难的 宇航员Judith
[D] remember the death of a U.S. astronaut.
信息转述
above Frankfurt’s banking district. Thousands of people were evacuated from the main railway station, two opera houses
Resnik的关注，因此答案为[D]。
7. Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?
and several skyscrapers. Police identified the man as a 31-year-old German student from Darmstadt, a city about 25 miles
7. 【解析】选[C]。根据新闻内容可知，该男子
[A] He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.
是来自Darmstadt的一名31岁的德国学生 ，故
①
south of Frankfurt. In radio contact with air-traffic controllers, the man threatened to crash into the European central bank
[A]错误。新闻中提到的是two-seat motorized
2006-9

专八真题点评
2006年
[B] He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.
①
headquarters, unless he was allowed the TV interview, as well as a call to Baltimore. He later said, he wanted to commit glider，而不是helicopter，因此[B]也错误。
[C] He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.
信息辨认
suicide by plunging the plane into the Main River. It was unclear if the man was forced to land, or talked down. Air-traffic
新闻中提到该男子与空中交通管制员进行了
[D] He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.
controllers and a police psychologist had been in contact with him.
radio contact，故[C]正确。新闻中没有提及他
要在欧洲中央银行上 降落，故[D]也错误。答
NEWS ITEM TWO
案为[C]。
【听前预测】< br>根据题干和选项相关信息可以推测，该篇新闻是关于市政府的一项计划，该计划可能和城市建设有关。 8. The news is mainly about the city government’s plan to
Shanghai plans to build a vast underground network of malls, restaurants and parking lots, to make up for a lack of space
8.【解析】选[B]。本题为主旨题，新闻主旨
[A] expand and improve the existing subway system.
above ground, according to a recent government report. The development will cover 600,000 square meters, the equivalent of 120
往往位于开头部分，听音时注意捕捉相关信
[B] build underground malls and parking lots.
信息辨认
soccer fields, spread across four underground floors, the city government reported on its website. The city is accepting bids from
息。新闻首句即提到，根据新近一项政府报
[C] prevent further land subsidence.
builders. Shanghai has about 20 million people, plus factories, office towers and high-rise apartments, crowded into a small triangular
告，上海计划建设一个大型的包含商场、餐
[D] promote advanced technology.
territory near the mouth of the Yangtze River. The plans call for the project, due to be finished by 2006, to expand the existing
facilities scattered along Shanghai’s subway system. The project will need advanced technology to supply fresh air and ensure
馆、停车场的地下网以弥补地上空间的不
safety. But the biggest concern is the stability of the soil under the city. Shanghai is sinking by 1.5 cm a year, land subsidence has
足。因此本题答案为[B]。
been aggravated by the over-pumping of underground water, and the construction of thousands of high- rise buildings. “Shanghai’s
foundations are built on soft soil, so building multi-story spaces underground would be like digging holes in a piece of bean curd, ”
the government report said. “The difficulties are easy to see.”
NEWS ITEM THREE
【听前预测】
由各题干获得关键词
credit card
，
different
，
conventional ones
，
newly developed
，据此推测，该篇新闻可能是关于一种新 发明的信用卡的报道，新卡与传统的信用卡有所不同。
9. According to the news, what makes this credit card A credit card that only works when it hears its owner’s voice has been developed by U.S. scientists. Researchers
9. 【解析】选[C]。题干问新卡和传统卡的不同
different from conventional ones is
hope that the device, which comes with the built-in voice-recognition chip, and microphone, will be a weapon in the
之处。新闻中提到，研究者希望这个内置声
[A] that it can hear the owner’s voice.
battle against credit card fraud. Even if thieves know a card’s password and personal identification number, they will
音识别芯片和传声器的设备能够防止信用卡
[B] that it can remember a password.
欺诈行为。因此可以判断，新卡的优势即在
[C] that it can identify the owner’s voice.
信息转述
still have to copy the owner’s voice accurately. The trial card was created by scientists as “B-card”, in California,
于内置声音识别芯片和传声器，能够识别主
[D] that it can remember the owner’s PIN.
U.S. The first version is three times as thick as a normal credit card, but researchers believe smaller chips will
人的声音，答案为[C]。
10. The newly developed credit card is said to have all the
allow the card to slim down to a more conventional size. The card is apparently the first to put a voice-recognition
。听音时注意捕捉新信用卡
following EXCEPT
信息辨认
chip, a microphone, speaker, and battery into a credit card. To use the card, the owner first presses a button, and
10.【解析】选[A]
的内部设置相关信息。新闻中提到，新卡显
[A] switch. [B] battery.
hears the prompt: “say your password”. If the password is correct, and spoken by the right person, the card emits an
然是第一次内置声音识别芯片、传声器、扬
[C] speaker. [D] built-in chip.
identification signal, which is processed by a computer connected to the Internet. Researchers hope to get the card to
handle 10 transactions per day, for two years, before its non-replaceable battery runs out.
声器和电池的设备，因此[B]、[C]、[D]均正
确，只有[A] “开关”未提及，为答案。
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
TEXT A
【语篇分析】
说明文。本文具体介绍 了《转型中的大学》一书中探讨的一系列问题，包括备受议论的传统大学的替代品
——
网络大学 ，大学教育的基本使命，未来大学教师的三种新角色，该书作者的观点等。
Para.1以《转型中的< br>The University in Transformation
, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley,
11. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,
大学》一书开头，
presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow’s universities by writers representing both Western
[A] he is in favour of it.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
提出书中探讨的主要问题，即：对未
and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key
[B] his view is balanced.
来大学的展望。
assumption we have about higher education today.
文章第二段最后一句列举了网络大学的诸多优点，第 三段首句提到网络大学也存在危险。作
The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University — a voluntary
community to scholarsteachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all
者在陈述时没有发表任 何评论，态度客观清晰，因此答案为
[B]
。
①
[C] he is slightly critical of it.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
2006-10

2006年
linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling,
①
[D] he is strongly critical of it.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students
综合推断
12. Which of the following is
NOT
seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?
everywhere to the resources of all the world’s great libraries.
[A] Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.
Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced
文中没有提及费用问题， 但根据常识也可知，节省费用不可能是潜在的危险，故
[A]
为答案。
by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised,
信息转述
[B] Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.
might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of
（文章第三段最后一句提到网络大学会
信息转述
the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college
使数千名专业学者失业）
education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively
[C] Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.
（第三段最后一句也提到网络大
信息转述
driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian
学推行呆板的标准化课程，因此在教学内容上也就缺乏多样性）
communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.
[D] The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.
（文章第三段第二句提到
On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in
网络大学的课 程由几个明星教师讲授，因此网络大学会催生出明星教师）
Para.2—Para.9具体
f uture higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content — or other dangers — will
13. According to the review, what is the
fundamental mission
of traditional university education?
介绍书中的主要内
容：网络大学的利
necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.
[A] Knowledge learning and career building.
与弊，大学教育的
Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the
fundamental
文章第五段第二句提到 ，“如果学生们和教授不是接受主要技术训练，构建个人职业生涯，
基本使命，未来大
miss ion
of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and
信息转述
而是将学术和研究致力于地方社区和世界现存的问题，那 将会怎样”，显然这是个反问句，
学教师如何担当三
building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research
作者要强调的是大学教育的基本使命是接受技术训练，构建个人职业生涯，而非后者。因此
种新 角色（经纪
efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic
人，导师，意义的
答案为
[A]
。
缔造者），以及该
dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early
[B] Learning how to solve existing social problems.
（根据
[A]解可排除）
书的主旨也是合编
childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals”?
[C] Researching into solutions to current world problems.
（根据
[A]
解可排除）
Sohail Inayatullah在
Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow’s university faculty, instead of giving lectures and
[D] Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.
（ 根据
[A]
解可排除）
引言中提到的观
conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling
点：没有哪一种形
customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course
14. Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrow’s university faculty, university teachers
式是必然的，学术
offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group,
mentors
, would function much
[A] are required to conduct more independent research.
（根据
[C]
解可排除）
界的未来属于那些
综合推断
[B] are required to offer more course to their students.（根据
[C]
解可排除）
富于想象并勇于实
like today’s faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own
[C] are supposed to assume more demanding duties.
践的人。
academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as
instructing them.
文章第六段 首句提到，未来大学教师将担当三种新角色，而不是讲课和进行独立研究。从后
A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley's view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would
文这三种新角色的内容来看，也都具有挑战性，文章也提到最后一种角色最具挑战性，因此
be as
meaning-makers
: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of studentscolleagues in
[C]
为答案。
collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world
[D] are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.
（文章第六段第三句提到教师的第
problems.二种新角色时，说教师将与更多自己学术专业之外的学生一起工作，而不是管理更多自己专
More over, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive
业的学生）
out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet,
15. Which category of writing does the review belong to?
between — or even during — sessions at a real-world problem- focused institution.
[A] Narration.
（根据
[D]
解可排除）
As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of
[B] Description.
（根据
[D]
解可排除）
imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and
urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those
[C] Persuasion.
（根据
[D]
解可排除）
who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.
[D] Exposition.
文章以一 本书开头，详细介绍了书中探讨的一系列问题，因此属于说明文。
2006-11

专八真题点评
2006年
【语境记忆】
franchise
'fræntʃaɪz

v
. to grant an authorization to sell a company’s goods or services in a particular place
特许经营
standardize
'stændədaɪz

v
. to make (sth.) conform to a fixed standard, shape, quality, type, etc.
使（某事物）标准化或合乎规格
brick and mortar
实际存在的，实体的
academia
volume
'vɒljuːm

n
. a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications
卷，册，书
broker
'brəʊkə
'
ækə'diːmiə

n
. a person who buys or sells for others

n
. the academic world
学术界；学术机构
经纪人；中间人；掮客


mentor
'mentɔː

n
. experienced and trusted adviser of an inexperienced person
导师；有经验可信赖的人
charismatic

collaborative
kə'læb
ə
rətɪv

a
. accomplished by collaboration
合作的，协作的
'
kærz'mætɪk

a
. having a magnetic personality
超凡魅力的

【参考译文】
澳大利亚未来学家
Sohail Inayatullah
和
Jennifer Gidley
编撰的《转型中的他们逐 出教育市场，并
[12]
使数千名专业学者失业。
[14]
可能会与更多自己 学术专业之外的学生打交道。这就要求他们在指导学
大学》一书呈现了代表西方及非西方视角的作者们对 未来大学的大约
20
种极另一方面，虽然全球的连接性似乎极有可能在未来的高等教育中发挥重 生的同时，也要不断地向学生学习。
为不同的展望。他们的文章提出了范围相当广泛的问题，对我们如今 几乎每要作用，但并不意味着课程内容更加统一化
——
或其他危险
——
会接踵 而
Gidley
认为，教师的第三种角色
[14]
最具挑战性，也最有回报， 那就是教
一个有关高等教育的重大设想都提出了质疑。至。反对网络大学的运动也在进行。师将成为[14]
意义的缔造者：具有超凡魅力的圣人和实践者，带领群体学
最为广泛讨论的传统大 学的替代品是网络大学
——
即学者／教师们的志愿
[13]
许多学术界人士， 包括对这本书有所贡献的学者，都在质疑大学教育的基
生／同事通过共同努力去寻找现实世界具体问题在 思想上、理论上和技术上
社区，他们散布在一个国家或世界的不同区域，但通过网络彼此相连。
[11]
一本使命。例如，如果学生和教授们不是接受主要技术训练，构建个人职业生涯，而的解决方法 。
个计算机化的大学会有许多优点，例如容易安排课表，便于同时给成千上万是将学术和研究致力于地方 社区和世界现存的问题，那将会怎么样
?
女权主义学此外，似乎没有理由认为大学的任何一种形 式一定会排斥其他形式。学
的学生授课，任何地方的学生都可以享用世界所有大型图书馆的资源。者Ivana Milojevic
大胆设想，“如果我们认为儿童看护人员早期教育的护理员和幼生 可以在现实世界注重问题解决的大学学期之间甚至学期内“注册”网上虚
[11]
然而网络大学 也会引发危险。例如，马诺阿夏威夷大学的社会学教授
Peter
教老师应该是报酬最高（而 不是最低）的专业人士，那么大学会变成什么样
?
”拟大学提供的课程。
Manica s
警告说，
[12]
由数位明星教师开发的获得特许经营的课程软件以著名大学的[14]
该书合作主编
Jennifer Gidley
讲述了未来大学教师如何承担三种新角
就像合作主编
Sohail In ayatullah
在引言中指出的那样，未来势无可挡，对
名义打入市场，经过大量的广告宣 传，可能会最终控制全球教育市场。澳大利亚传色，而不是讲课和进行独立研究。一些可能扮演经纪人的角色，通 过搭配组大学替代品可能性的设想和考虑这一行为本身甚至可以直接影响一项统治性
播学教授
D avid Rooney
和
Greg Hearn
指出，除了推行
[12]< br>呆板的标准化课程，这样一个合世界各地学校现有的最好的课程，将定制好的学位—学分课程分配给每的技 术如何全面地、有创意地得以及时改进和应用。甚至在学术界，未来也
“盒子（电脑）里的大学教育”还 可能会低价出售许多实体大学的课程，有效地把
个学生。另一些会成为
[14]
导师， 他们将与现在的指导教师职能很相似，但
是属于那些足够关心如何将自己的设想变为可操作、可持续的现 实的人。
TEXT B
【语篇分析】
叙述文。文章主要叙述了主人公
R ay
回家乡参加家庭会议的过程，中间穿插大量的景色描写和
Ray
对于童年的一些回 忆，生动地传达了主人公不愿返乡、不想回忆童年的心理感受。
Every street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can 16. From the
first
paragraph, we get the impression that
drive the streets of their hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and
leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was
信息推断
[A] Ray cherished his childhood memories.
（根据
[C]
解可排除）
anxious to get out.
[B] Ray had something urgent to take care of.
（根据
[C]
解可排除）
The town had changed, but then it hadn’t. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and
[C] Ray may not have a happy childhood.
mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town
文章第一段最后一句提到，
Ray
在家乡待了
15
分钟就迫切地想离开，与 前面那些拥有幸福童
had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to
年的人形成对比，属于那种被责任拖回家，又尽 快离开的人，可见
Ray
的童年并不快乐，他
Para.1—Para.6描写主adjoining landowners. Nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork.
不想回家乡。因此答案为
[C]
。
人公回家乡时看到
The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.
[D] Ray cannot remember his childhood days.
（根据
[C]
解可排除）
的整体景象及家乡
But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets
的风俗习惯。
were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by
people he knew, or if those folks had passed on, the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters
17. Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray’s hometown?
painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.
[A] Lifeless.
（文章第六段第一句提到广场和街道一样毫无生机）
This deep in
Bible
country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sundays
信息推断
[B] Religious.
（从第四段可以看出，这个 小镇的居民深信《圣经》，在周日要去教堂做礼
except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbours, rest and relax the way God intended.
拜，可见是有信仰的）
It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour
①
[C] Traditional.
（文章第六段最后一句提到所有的商店都因为安息日关门了，可见小镇也是很
②
2006-12

2006年
for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park
信息推断
①
②
传统的）
where he had played little League for the Pirates, and here was the public pool he’d swum in every summer
[D] Quiet.
except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches — Baptist,
Methodist, and Presbyterian — facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries,
文章未提及，为答案。
their steeples competing for height. They were empty now, but in an hour or so the more faithful would
gather for evening services.
信息辨认
18. From the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents was
The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just
[A] close.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the
[B] remote.
people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasn’t a single empty or boarded-up
从文章首段最后一句看出
Ray
刚来家乡 就想离开；第七段第四句又提到他好几年没来母亲的
building around the square — no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law
信息推断
坟墓了；第八 段第二句又提到父亲很严厉，他至今仍记得很清楚，可见
Ray
与父母的关系很
off ices and cafés, all closed for the Sabbath.
He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones
疏远。答案为
[B]
。
were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the
[C] tense.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
family money he’d never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother’s
信息推断
[D] impossible to tell.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
grave, something he hadn’t done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family
Para.7—Para.10 对人
plot because she had barely belonged.
信息推断
19. It can be inferred from the passage that Ray’s father was all EXCEPT
物行为的描写，包
Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father’s study, sipping bad instant tea and
[A] considerate.
括去看望母亲坟墓，
receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to

give,
设想家庭会议的场
many decrees and directions, because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared
信息推断
文章未提及，为答案。
景，以及开车回家
deeply about how he was to be remembered.
[B] punctual.
（ 从第五段第一句以及最后一段有关家庭会议时间的描述可以看出父亲对时间要
参加会议。
Mov ing again, Ray passed the water tower he’d climbed twice, the second time with the police
求严格）
waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he’d never visited since he’d left it. Behind it
[C] thrifty.
（从第八段第一句中的劣质速溶茶可以看出父亲很节俭）
was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous
[D] dominant.
（第八段第二句提到父亲很严格，是个重要人物，因此在家中也是 占支配地位）
before getting bounced off the team.
It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.
信息推断
【语境记忆】
clutter
'klʌtə

n.
untidy state
杂乱；杂物；喧闹
clip
klɪp

v.
to cut (sth.) with scissors or shears, esp. in order to shorten it
修剪；删去；削弱；夹住
unwritten rule

rule based on custom rather than documentation
不成文的规定
wary
'weəri

a.
marked by keen caution and watchful prudence
谨慎的
inch
ɪntʃ

v
. to advance slowly, as if by inches
缓慢移动
sip
sɪp

v
. to drink (sth.), taking very small quantities each time
小口喝，抿
grimace

g
rɪ'meɪs

v
. to contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state 做鬼脸
romp

rɒmp

v
. to win easily 轻易获胜
；
嬉戏玩闹
bounce

baʊns

v
. to refuse to accept and send back 被遣回；
弹回
；
被退回
；
蹦蹦跳跳
【参考译文】
每条 街道都有一个故事，每栋建筑都有一段回忆。那些拥有幸福童年应堆需要取得批准和文书。结果小镇变得乱糟糟， 一年比一年难看。这天天气阴沉，对五月来说相当凉爽，他在自己的老地盘上走着，
[19]
打 发
的快乐的人行驶在家乡的街道上会高兴地回忆起童年时代。而其余的人却但是在靠近广场的较老的区域 ，小镇丝毫未变。长长的林荫道和
Ray
时间，等着家庭会议的时间，并且试图回忆在
Clanton
的美好时光。那儿是
Dizzy
是被责任拖回家，又尽快离开。
[16]
Ray Atlee
在
Cl anton
（他的家乡）待了
当年骑自行车在这里闲逛时一样干净整洁。大部分房子的主人还是 他认识
Dean
公园，他曾在那儿玩过海盗小联盟游戏，这儿是公共游泳池，他每年夏天15
分钟就迫切地想离开。
的人，即或有些人去世了，新主人也会剪修草坪，粉刷百叶窗。 只有少数都在这里游泳，除了
1969
年，那年市里为了不让黑人孩子进入而关闭了它。还城镇变了样，但当时却没有。在通往家乡的高速公路边上，廉价的金房子未被好好照看，还有极少数的房屋荒 废了。有那些教堂
——
有浸信会、卫理公会、长老会，它们像谨慎的哨兵一样在第二
属 建筑和移动房屋密密麻麻地聚集在路边，极为引人注目。这个城镇丝毫
[17]
在这个很笃信《 圣经》的国家，小镇仍有一条不成文的规定：周日
大街和榆树街交叉口处面对面矗立着，比着哪个更尖， 哪个更高。现在教堂是
没有分区。一个土地拥有者可以随意搭建任何建筑，不需许可，不需监人们除了去 作礼拜、坐在门廊上、拜访邻居、用上帝希望的方式休息和放空的，但是大约一小时以后，比较虔诚的人们将聚集 在这做晚礼拜。
督，也不用告知周围的土地拥有者，什么也不需要。只有猪饲养场和核反松之外，便很少 做其他的事了。
[17]
广场就像通向它的街道一样毫无生机。
Clanton
有八千人口，正好
2006-13

专八真题点评
2006年
够大，吸引了许多折扣店过来，这些折扣店曾经风靡许多小镇。但是在这从没见过的家族财产肯定埋在那些坟墓里 。
[18]
他停下车，走向母亲的坟被如何纪念。
里人们对市区的商家很忠诚，广场周 围没有一栋空的或用木板封起来的建墓，他好几年没这样做过了。她葬在
Atlees
家族墓地 中，在最远的边上，
Ray
又继续上路了，途经他曾经爬过两次的水塔，还记得爬第二次的筑
——
这是个不小的奇迹。
[17]
零售店与银行、律师事务所、咖啡店 混杂因为她不真正属于这个家族。时候警察在下面等着他。他对着原来的高中学校做鬼脸，自从毕业后，
在一起，都因为安息日关门了。很快，还有不到一个小时，他就要坐在父亲的书房里，抿着
[19]劣质的他从未再进去过。学校后面是足球场，他哥哥
Forrest
在那曾轻松地战胜对< br>他在公墓里缓慢移动着，查看旧址中的
Atlee
家族所在地，那儿的墓碑速溶茶，听着 如何让父亲安息的指导。
[19]
他将会收到许多指令，许多规手，在被球队开除前，几乎变得 小有名气。
更有气派。他的一些祖先为死去的家人建了纪念碑。
Ray
曾经一直认为他 矩和指导，因为他父亲（曾经是名法官）是一个重要人物，非常在意自己
[19]
现在是
5
月
7
日，星期日，
4
点
40
分。家庭会议的时 间到了。
TEXT C
【语篇分析】
说明文。文章主要介绍了印度边界的帕坦人的 生活，讲述的重点是他们的战争活动、家族间的世仇恩怨，以及步枪和英国政府对于他们的影响。
Cam paigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor
20. The word
debts
in “very few debts are left unpaid” in the first paragraph means
the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply
[A] loans.
（根据
[C]
解可排除）
five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors
down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage
[B] accounts.
（根据
[C]
解可排除）
brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment.
[C] killings.
Except at harvest-time, when self- preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes
从第一段该词前面的两句话可知，每个家族都不忘世仇，部落间互相都有 分歧和争端，仇恨从来没被忘
are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a
记，血债血还，故答案为
[C]
。
[D] bargains.
（根据
[C]
解可排除）
Para.1描述印度边界
theolog ian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked
的地理特征以及帕
clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has
21. Which of the following is
NOT
one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?
坦人家族间的世仇
its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes
信息推断
[A] Melting snows.
（第一段第四句话提到，峡谷下面是积雪融化后形成的急流，因此边界 存在融化的
恩怨。
and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever
积雪）

forgotten, and very few
debts
are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to
the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and
[B] Large population.
is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass
文章第一段最后一句提到，峡谷在阳光雨露的滋润下 足够肥沃，可以大体满足这个人口稀少的部落的物
unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however,
质需求。因此
[B]
错误，为答案。
be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by
[C] Steep hillsides.
（由第一段第三句话可知，峡谷的壁岩陡峭耸立，高达五六千英尺）

endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest
信息辨认
[D] Fertile valleys.
（根据
[B]
解可知此项正确）
material requirements of a sparse population.
22. According to the passage, the Pathans
welcomed
Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and
[A] the introduction of the rifle.
the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an
文 章第二段第二句话提到，步枪是奢侈品，也是恩惠，而英国政府则是十足的麻烦；第三句话又提到没
un mitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than
信息转述
有谁比印 度高地的人们更感激步枪带来的便捷的了。由此可见，帕坦人很欢迎步枪的引入，讨厌英国政
in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards
opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One
府的到来。
could actually remain in one’s own house and fire at one’s neighbour nearly a mile away.
[B] the spread of British rule.
（根据
[A]
解可排除）
One could lie and wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman
[C] the extension of luxuries.
（文章第二段只是提到步枪是奢侈品，而不是说帕坦人喜欢奢侈品）
far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home.
[D] the spread of trade.
（文章未提及）
Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves
23. Building roads by the British
scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted
[A] put an end to a whole series of quarrels.
（文章最后一句提到，英国政府要求的太多，由此产生了一系列
we apons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan
的争吵 ，而非平息了争吵。）
2006-14

2006年
tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced. [B] prevented the Pathans from carrrying on feuds.
The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The
文章倒数第二句提到，一路上人们要保持安静，不能朝对方开枪，这从某种程度上可以缓解家族间的世< br>great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than
仇恩怨，因此
[B]
正确。
a monstrous spoil- sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven
[C] lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans.
back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences
（文章倒数第五句提到，英国政府通过威胁、修建堡垒、给予
took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys,
补贴的方法来确保道路安全，并没有提到减少了给帕坦人的补贴）
[D] gave the Pathans a much quieter life.
（从文章最后一句可知，修路引发了一系 列的争吵，因此帕坦人的
Para.2—Para.3 具体
scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would
介绍两个新事物步
have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again.
生活并没有变得更加平静）
枪和英国政府对于
24. A suitable title for the passage would be
帕坦人的影响，前
In many cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt policy” to
者受欢迎，后者遭
which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century
[A] Campaigning on the Indian frontier.
（范围太大，不够确切）
厌恶。
these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great
[B] Why the Pathans resented the British rule.
（只涉及英国政府，不全面）
road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by
[C] The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.
（只涉及步枪，不全面）
subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this
[D] The Pathans at war.
tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the
信息推断
文章第一段就提到帕坦人各家族之间的世仇恩怨，后来又提到步枪的引入使他们的战争更便捷， 而英国
road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot
政府的干预也没有阻止他们争吵的发生，全文都在讲帕坦人的战争，因此
[D]< br>“战斗中的帕坦人”是最合
at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their
origin from this source.
适的标题。
【语境记忆】
torrent 'tɒrənt
n
. a violently fast stream of water
急流
savage 'sævɪdʒ
a
. without civilizing influences
未开化的，蒙昧的；野蛮的；凶残的

truce truːs
n
. a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms
休战
theologian
vendetta ven'detə
n
. a feud in which members of the opposing parties murder each other
世仇，宿怨
unmitigated
'
θiːə'ləʊdʒ
ʌn'mɪt
g
eɪt
n

n
d
. someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology (especially Christian theology)

a
. absolute
十足的，完完全全的；未减轻的，未缓和的
神学家
fabulous 'fæbjləs
a
. barely credible
惊人的，难以置信的；极好的
coveted 'kʌvtɪd
a
. greatly desired
令人垂涎的

laboriously lə'bɔːriəsli
adv
. in a manner needing much efforts
艰难地，费力地；不流畅地
exact ɪ
g
'zækt
v
. to demand and enforce the payment of sth.
索取，苛求；强迫
【参考译文】
在印度边界上战斗本身就是一种经历。在世界其他任何地方都找不到端。然而，最小的 技术疏忽也将是致命的。因此，帕坦族人的生活充满了另一方面，英国政府的行为却是完全令人失望的。他们大规 模地向南组
类似那里的风景和人民。峡谷每一侧陡峭耸立的壁岩都高达五六千英尺。乐趣，
[2 1]
他们的峡谷在无尽阳光和充足雨水的滋润下足够肥沃，几乎无需织、前进、吸收武力，这看起来与可 恶的破坏活动没什么两样。如果帕
植物的蕊柱爬过大面积的混乱的狭长地带，下面是黄铜色天幕下积雪融 化
多少劳作就可以大体满足这个人口稀少部落的物质需求。
坦人袭击平原地区，他们不仅会被赶 回去（这毕竟仅仅是为了公平），
后形成的泡沫飞溅的急流。在这些原始的壮观景色中居住着一个民族， 他
19
世纪带给这个快乐世界两样新事物：步枪和英国政府。
[22]
前者是 一
随后还会引发一系列干预行为，不时还会有考察队长途跋涉，穿越峡
们的特质似乎与环境融为 一体。除了在收获季节为了自我保护需要暂时休
种豪华奢侈品，也是一种恩惠，后者则是十足的麻烦。没 有谁比印度高地的
谷，斥责部落人，并因为任何破坏活动向他们索要罚款。要是这些考察
战外， 帕坦部落一直都在进行着私人之间或公众之间的战争。每个男人都
人们更感激步枪带来的便捷的了。这是 一种能在
1500
码外以外准确击毙目标
队只是过来打架，然后再离开的话，没有人会 在意。在许多情况下，这
是战士、政治家和神学家。每栋大房子都仅仅是由晒干的粘土建造成的真
的武器，这给拥有它的每个家庭，每个部落都带来了一种全新的喜悦。人们
是他们在所谓的“屠杀和扣 留人质政策”下的做法，这是印度政府长期
正的封建堡垒，但是有城垛、炮塔、枪眼、吊桥等设施，也算 完整。
[20]
可以呆在自己家里，向一英里外的邻居开火。可以躺在某个高高的崖壁上等坚持的政策。但是在十九世纪末期，这些入侵者开始在许多峡谷里修建
每座村庄都有它的防御体系。 每个家庭传袭积怨，每个家族不忘世仇。这
着以前所未闻的射程射中下面远处而来的一个骑马者。村庄之 间甚至不用离
道路，特别是通往奇特拉尔的大路。他们通过威胁、修建堡垒、给予补
些为数众多 的部落和部落结盟彼此间都有互相要解决的问题。这些仇恨从
家很远就可以互相开火。人们因此也为这些 伟大的科学产品支付了惊人的价
贴的方法来确保道路安全。一直以来没有人反对最后一种做法。但是帕< br>来没被忘记过，很少有血债得不到偿还。为了社会生活，除去收获时节的
钱。（步枪小偷翻找遍全 印度来加强勤恳的走私分子的努力成果。）这些令
坦人对修建道路的整个做法深恶痛绝。
[23 ]
从头至尾，一路上人们要保
习俗，他们还建立了一套最为精细的荣誉准则，大家都严格遵守。 一个了
人觊觎的武器的稳步流动使武器温和的影响力扩散到整个边界，这极大地增
持安静，不能 朝彼此开枪，最重要的是不能朝路上的旅行者开枪。这就
解准则并严格遵守的人可以赤手空拳、不带武器 从边界的一端穿越到另一
强了帕坦部落对基督文明的尊敬。
要求的太多了，一系列的争吵也就因 此而产生。
2006-15

专八真题点评
2006年
TEXT D
【语篇分析】

说明文。文章按照时间顺序主要介绍了博物馆的发展过程，从古 代的神殿、教堂、修道院、城堡等形式一直发展为现代的博物馆。
“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the
信息推断
25. The sentence “Museum is a slippery word” in the first paragraph means that
Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and
[A] the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the 15th century.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
Aristotle’s Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected
[B] the meaning of the word had changed over the years.
detached works of art, many temples — notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the
该句后面一句提到，“
museum
”一词最初是指（在希腊语中）任何献给缪斯女神 的东西：一座山、一座
Olympic flame is still lit) — had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by
神殿、一个花园、一个节日，甚至是一本教科书。结合其现在的意思“博物馆”可 以推测，第一句话是
well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental
信
想说它的意义随时间发生了改变，因此答案为
[B]
。
to its main purpose.
息
辨
[C] the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral
认
[D] princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.
（根据
[B]
解可排除）
specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek)
26. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from
for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though
[A] the Romans.
（根据
[D]
解可排除）

not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less
[B] Florence.
（根据
[D]
解可排除）
meant “Muses’ shrine”.
[C] Olympia.
（根据
[D]
解可排除）

[D] Greek.
Para.1—Para.4具体
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger
根据文章第二句话可知，“
museum
”最初在希腊语中指献给缪斯女神的山、神殿、花园、节日或教科
介绍古代博物馆的
churc hes and monasteries — which focused on the gold- enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints
书，因此它作为“山或事物”的解释源于希腊语。
各种形式和功能。
and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of
27. “…… the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined” in the third paragraph means that
natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs,
[A] there was a great demand for fakers.
（文章未提及）
fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems — often antique engraved ones — as
[B] fakers grew rapidly in number.
（文章未提及）
well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement
信息转述
[C] fakers became more skillful.
them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.
文章第三段谈到王公贵族和商人们的收藏品 引起人们好奇，大量需求导致收藏品数量翻倍，同时也刺激
At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the
了赝品技术的提高，答案为
[C]
。

churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were
信息辨认
[D] fakers became more polite.
（文章未提及）
considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went
28. Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were
on inside them — and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of
[A] collected from elsewhere.
（文章未提及）

antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than
[B] made part of the buildings.
the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation,
文章第四段首句提到， 油画和雕塑被认为是建筑物结构和人们生活方式的一部分，因此
[B]
正确，为答案。
[C] donated by people.
（文章未提及）
or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense.
[D] bought by churches.
（文章未提及）　　
The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were
29.
Modern
museums came into existence in order to
the most famous of such early “inspirational” collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually,
[A] protect royal and church treasures.
exemplary “modern” works were also added to such galleries.
文章最后一段第二句提到，人们仇恨皇室和教堂的 纪念物，这促使古文物收藏者将文物藏在美术馆里避
In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that
难，对文物进行了转移保护。之后，在
19
世纪上半叶，众多现代博物馆纷纷建成。因此现代博物馆主要
three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known
是用来保护古代皇室和教堂的文物，答案为
[A]
。
world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in
[B] improve existing collections.
（文章倒数第二句提到，工匠技艺（以及与之相伴的大众 品味）的衰退激
the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted
励着“有所改进”的收藏品的创作，这与现代博物馆的兴建没有关系）
信息推断
[C] stimulate public interest.
（同
[B]
解）
Para.5 讲述现代博
antiquarians to shelter them in asylum- galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais
[D] raise more funds.
（最后一段第三句是说集资 使众多博物馆得以建成，而不是说博物馆是用来集资的）
物馆的由来，并列
was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took
30. Which is the main idea of the passage?
举一些著名的欧洲
off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British
[A] Collection and collectors.
（文章虽然讲述到收藏品和收藏者，但不是重点）
现代博物馆。
Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich
galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took
[B] The evolution of museums.
通篇看来，文章按照时间顺序讲述“
museu m
”的不同含义及不同形式和功能，最后介绍了现代博物馆的
over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste
建成。因此可以看出，全 文是在讲博物馆的发展过程，答案为
[B]
。
with it) inspired the creation of “improving” collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in
[C] Modern museums and their functions.
（文章只有最后一段才提到现代博物馆， 因此不能概括文章主题）
London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.
[D] The birth of museums.
（文章重点在讲述博物馆的发展过程，而不是它的诞生）
2006-1 6

2006年
【语境记忆】
slippery
'slɪpri

a
. not having one clear meaning and able to be understood in different ways.
模棱两可的，模糊的
consecrate
'kɒnskreɪt

v
. to bring (sth.) into religious use
把（某事物）奉献（作宗教用途）
detached
dɪ'tætʃt

a
. no longer connected or joined
单独的，独立的

disband
transliteration
trænz
bejewel
bɪ'dʒuːəl

v.
to adorn or decorate with precious stones
'
lɪtə'reɪʃn

n
. a transcription from one alphabet to another
饰以珠宝


音译

enshrine

dɪs'bænd

ostensibly

ɪ

n'
ɒs'tens
ʃraɪn

v
. to serve as a shrine for (sth.)
v
. to break up
解散，解体
bli

ad
. if something is ostensibly true, people say that it is true but it is not really true
作为神龛以保存（某物）；铭记；珍藏
表面地，假装地，谎称地
【参考译文】
[25][26]
“博物馆”是一个概念模糊的词语。它最初（在希腊语中）是指
这些地方注 重用珠宝装饰圣人和殉教士的遗体保存入黄金神龛之中。王公贵的”收藏品中最著名的几个。很快，艺术品的数量 翻倍了，逐渐地，有模范
任何献给缪斯女神的东西：一座山、一座神殿、一个花园、一个节日，甚
族以及后来的商人们也有类似的收藏，成为了天然的珍品：大块儿的琥珀或作用的“现代”作品也被加入到这些 美术馆中。
至是一本教科书。柏拉图学园和亚里士多德的吕克昂学院都有一个谬斯神
珊瑚、不规 则的珍珠、独角兽的角、鸵鸟蛋、骨骼化石等等。还包括硬币和在
17
世纪，具科学性和威信力 的收藏变得很广泛，以至于三四个收藏家
庙，也就是一个缪斯神殿。尽管希腊人已经收集了一些单独的艺 术品，许
宝石
——
通常是古代雕刻过的
——
以及越来越多的油画和雕 塑。
[27]
随着这些就可以给全世界的博物馆单独出版收藏目录。然而，是革命和工业时代使 人
多圣殿
——
特别是位于奥林匹亚
（
奥运圣火至今仍在那里点燃）
的赫拉圣收藏品数量翻倍、增多，作为补充，赝品制造者的技术也越来越精湛。
们在看待 这些机构的方式上发生了又一个巨大转变：
[29]
人们仇恨皇室和教
殿
——
也收藏着许多物品，其中一些还是著名大师的艺术作品，而亚历山与此同时，游客可以在教堂、宫殿和城 堡里欣赏这些最宏壮的油画和雕堂的纪念物，这促使古文物收藏者将它们藏在美术馆里避难，其中最著名的
大博物馆里的油画和雕塑却是在其主要用途之外附带收藏的。塑；它们也不是被“收藏”的，而是“此地独有” ，
[28]
并且被认为是建筑是法国古迹博物馆。而后，在
19
世纪上半叶， 由于新财富的增长，博物馆开
罗马人也收藏并展示出自己解体的圣殿的艺术品，以及一些矿物标物结构以 及当时建筑内人们生活方式不可或缺的一部分
——
这些建筑中的大始集资：伦敦建成了国家美术 馆和大英博物馆，卢浮宫得以规划，柏林开建
本、外来植物及动物；他们还掠夺一些雕塑和油画（大部分 是希腊人的）多数是公共建筑。然而，在
15
世纪古文物复兴时期，古代雕塑的残迹享有比了博 物馆岛，慕尼黑博物馆也得以建成。在维也纳，巨大的艺术史博物馆和
用以展示。与此同时，希腊词语还 被音译为拉丁语（尽管不是指被称为当时任何作品都高的地位，因此古代文物展示会激励艺术家去模仿，或者更自 然史博物馆接管了大部分的帝国珍宝。同时，工匠技艺的衰落（以及与之
“
pinacothe cae
”的画馆），“博物馆”多少还是指“缪斯神殿”。好地是去因仰慕而效仿；也因此在前面被认为 是缪斯神殿。在佛罗伦萨毗邻相伴的大众品味的下降）激励了“有所改进”的收藏品的创作。伦敦的维多
这些给人灵感的贵重或次贵重的物品被保存在稍大的教堂和修道院里
——
圣马可的美第奇花园， 望景楼，以及罗马的主神殿是这些早期“给人灵感利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆是其中最有名或许也是其中最大的博物馆 。
PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
31. The President during the American Civil War was
31.
【解析】
选
[B]
。美国内战期间的总统是其第十六任总统
Abra ham Lincoln
（
亚伯拉罕
•
林肯）。
[A]
、
[C]
、
[D]
所对应的
Andrew Jackson
（安德
[A] Andrew Jackson. [B] Abraham Lincoln.
鲁
•
杰克逊）、
Thomas Jefferson
（托马斯
•
杰斐逊）和
George Washingt on
（乔治
•
华盛顿）分别是美国第七任、第三任和第一任总统。
[C] Thomas Jefferson. [D] George Washington.
32. The capital of New Zealand is
[A] Christchurch. [ B]Auckland.
32.
【解析】
选
[C]
。新西兰的首都是
Wellington
（惠灵顿）。
[A] Christchurch
（基督城）是新西兰南岛东岸港市；
[B] Auckland
（奥克兰）是新西
[C] Wellington. [D]Hamilton.
兰北岛西北岸港市，也是新西兰最大的城市；
[D] Hamilton
（汉密尔顿）是新西兰第五大城市。
33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?
[A] The Aborigines. [B] The Maori.
33.
【解析】
选
[A]
。在英国人 到来之前，澳大利亚的土著居民是
the Aborigines
。
[B] The Maori
（毛利人）是新西兰土著居民；
[C] The Indians
（印
[C] The Indians. [D] The Eskimos.
地安人）是美洲土著居民；
[D] The Eskimos
（爱斯基摩人）是北极土著居民。
34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of
[A] the Shadow Cabinet. [B] the Parliament.
34.
【解析】
选
[D]
。英国首相是内阁（
the Cabinet
）的领袖。
[C] the Opposition. [D] the Cabinet.
35. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?
35.
【解析】
选
[A]
。
T. S. Eliot
（托马斯
•
斯特尔纳斯
•
艾略特）是
20
世纪著名的美国诗人。
D.

H.

Lawrence
（
D.

H.

劳伦斯）是
20
世纪著名的英国小说
[A] T. S. Eliot. [B] D. H. Lawrence.
家；
Theodore Dreiser
（ 西奥多
•
德莱塞）是
19
世纪著名的美国小说家；
James Jo yce
（詹姆斯
•
乔伊斯）是
20
世纪爱尔兰著名小说家和诗人。< br>[C] Theodore Dreiser. [D] James Joyce.
36. The novel
For Whom the Bell Tolls
is written by
[A] Scott Fitzgerald.
　
[B] William Faulkner.
36.
【解析】
选
[D]
。
For Whom the Bell Tolls
（《丧钟为谁而鸣》）的作者是美国著名小说家
Ernest Hemingway
（欧内斯特
•
海明威）。
Scott
[C] Eugene O’Neil. [D] Ernest Hemingway.
Fitzgerald
（司各特
•
菲兹杰拉德
)
是美国著名小说家，是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家之一，其作品生动地反映了
20
年 代“美国梦”的破灭，代
37. _____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into
表作是
The Great Gatsby

（《了不起的盖茨比》）；
William Faulkner
（威廉
•福克纳
)
是美国作家，代表作是
The Soundand Fury
（《喧哗与骚
fourteen lines.
动》）；
Eugene O’Neil
（尤金
•
奥尼尔）是美国著名剧作家，代表作是
Beyond the Horizon
（《天边外》）等。
2006-17

专八真题 点评
2006年
[A] Free verse [B] Sonnet37.
【解析】
选
[B]
。
Sonnet（十四行诗）是一种抒发感情的诗歌。
[C] Ode [D] Epigram
38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of
[A] reference. [B] meaning.
38.
【解析】
选
[D]
。
semant ics
（语义学）和
pragmatics
（语用学）的区别在于
conte xt
（语境）。语义学是对语言意义的研究；语用学是在特定语
[C] antonymy. [D] context.
境中对语言意义的研究。
39. The words “kid, child, offspring” are examples of
[A] dialectal synonyms. [B] stylistic synonym s.
39.
【解析】
选
[B]
。这三个词属于近义词，但在风格和正 式程度上有所不同，属于文体同义词（
stylistic synonyms
）。
[C] emotive synonyms. [D] collocational synonyms.
40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by
[A] Halliday. [B] Chomsky.
40.
【解析】
选
[D]
。区分
parole
（言语）和
language
（语言）的是瑞士语言学家
Sau ssure
（索绪尔）。
[C] Bloomfield. [D] Saussure.
PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION
We use language primarily as a means of communication with
1.
【快速找错】
本行中，
live
用作及物动词，意为“留存，铭记”。
a store of
为固定短语，意为“大量的”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修
other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which
修饰限定
饰不可数名词。后面两个并列名词均为复数形式，也不存在错误。
as well as
也正确。因此将错误锁定在
agreeing conventions
上。
【解 析】
agreeing — agree d
。
agree
的动作应该是人发出的，故
conventions
前应用动词的过去分词形式，表被动，而不能用表主动的
we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions
语义限定
(1) agreed
现在分词。
agreed conventions
意为“惯例，习俗”。
as to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular
固定搭配
(2) thesethose
2.
【快速找错】
通读本行，不存在引导词错误、语态错误或冠词使用错误。因此应联系语义，判断
words
是 否使用正确。

message; the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary
主谓一致
(3) at
【解 析】
∧
words — thesethos e
。根据语义，本行中的
words
指的应是上一行中的
words
，因此再次提到时前面应有限定词
these
或
those
修饰。
a nd a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate
(4) enable
3.
【快速找错】
不存在
in one’s disposal
这样的搭配。
his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other
【解 析】
in — at
。
at one’s disposal
为固定搭配，意 为“听从……的处置

安排”。
修饰限定
(5) the
4.
【快速找错】
观察本行可知，
rules
为复数，与后面定语 从句中动词第三人称单数形式
enables
不符。
English speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which
【解 析】
enables — enable
。修饰
rules
的定语从句中的动词形式应与其保持一致，即使用
enable
。
he uses actively and that which he recognizes, increases in size as
语义限定
5.
【快速找错】
thoughts and feelings
指代“思想和情感” ，均使用了复数形式，不存在错误。介词
in
与后面的
styles
搭配，表 示“以……
he grows old as a result of education and experience.
(6) older
风格”。词组
a variety of
表示“各种各样的”，也正确。因此将错误锁定在
the other
上。
【解 析】
the —
。
the other
常与
one
连用，表示两个中的另一个，本行中是想表达“其他说英语的 人”，因此应使用
other
。
But, whether the language store is relatively small or large,
6.
【快速找错】
本行错误所在句由上一行中的
as
引导，表达“随着……” 的意思，表示一种循序渐进的过程，而
grow old
是“变老”的意
the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the
思，显然不符合文意。
动宾搭配
individual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to
【解 析】
old — older
。联系语境，本句是要表达“由于教育 和经历的增长而渐渐长大”的意思，因此应使用
grow older
，意
为“渐渐长大”。
7.
【快速找错】
观察本行，不 存在语态错误或主谓不一致等问题，因此将错误锁定在过去分词
seen
上。
be seen by another member of his linguistic community; he has to
(7) understood
【解 析】
seen — understood
。上一行中的
it
指代前面提到的
the system
，
seen
不能与
the system
搭配，而应该改为
understood
。
give the system a concrete transmission form. We take it for
重复限定
(8) it
8.
【快速找错】
本行中
give
后面跟了双宾语，没有错误，因此将错误锁定在
take it for (granted)
上。
【解 析】
it—
。
take sth. for granted
是固定搭配，其中
sth.
可后置，本句中即是这种情况，因此
it
多余，应删除。
granted the two most common forms of transmission—by means
语义限定
9.
【快速找错】
sounds
应该是被发出，过去分词
produced
使用正确，两处的介词
by
也正确。因此将错误锁定在连词
or
上。
of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual
并列关系
(9) and
【解 析】
or — and
。上一行提到
two…forms of transmission
，两种形 式应是并列关系，所以应用
and
连接。
signs (writing). And these are among most striking of human
10.
比较限定
(10)
∧
the
【快速找错】
signs
与前面的
organs
并列，使用正确。< br>And
所在句与前面的句子是顺承关系，连词
And
也正确。
thes e
指代前面的两种形式，
与系动词
are
保持了主谓一致。因此将错误锁定在
most striking
上。
achievements.
【解 析】
∧
most — the
。形容词
striking
的最高级形 式前面应加冠词
the
。
2006-18

2006年
PART V TRANSLATION
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENG LISH
【短文综述】
这段文字选自《傅雷家书》中的《
一九六一
年二月七日 》，主要讲述了中华民族自古以来的优秀品质，其中多处使用了对比的写作手法，语言简练朴实，通俗易懂。【原文】
【难点注释】
【译文】
中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于
1. 第一句较长，翻译时可按照英语的表达习惯把汉语的小分句合译为英语的主从句结构，因此可考虑使用引导词Chinese people has never thought of human being as the
一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在
whose的方法把第二个分句以定 语从句的形式表达出来。“占着一个比例”可把修饰语用介词短语的形式表达
highest creature among everything since ancient times, whose
自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地
出来，译为“take a… proportion”。
reflection takes a quite appropriate proportion to all others in
位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的
2. 第二句是分号连接的两个小分句，翻译时可直 接译为英语的两个小分句。但由于两句都提到“苦闷”一词，
nature in both aspects of philosophy and art, not as an absolute
苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的
dominant ruler. Therefore, our bitterness and depression are
后一句也可以翻译为which引导的定语从句，来修饰先行词“苦闷”。 “苦闷”不只指痛苦，还含有郁闷、压
basically less than those of westerners, because the intensity of
强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农
抑、失望等含义，因此可翻译为 “bitterness and depression”。“强弱”指苦闷的程度，可译为“intensity”。
which is growing with the expansion of one’s lust and ambition.
业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因
3. 第三句中的“……得多”两处译为副词far来修饰前面的形容词。
People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the
此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于
4. 第四句中两个汉语成语“不滞于物，不为物役
”是本篇翻译的难点。“滞”是“局限于”的意思，可译为“confine” ；
industry society, thus their wants were far less too. Besides, ancient
物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。
“役”是“使役”的意思，可译为“drive”。两成语译为“not confined by material, not driven by material”。
Chinese always regarded “not confined by material, not driven by
material” as the major philosophy.
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
【短文综述】
这段文字选自英国首相丘吉尔
1940
年在下院发表的就职演说，演说 慷慨激昂，表达了竭尽全力以取得战争胜利的雄心。句子短小精悍，多处使用重复的修辞方法，结尾又使用排比句 ，使句子更有力。
【原文】
【难点注释】
【译文】
… I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.
1. 首句中toil常用作动词“辛苦工作”，本句中根据前后词语可知是名词，可译为“辛劳”。< br>我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。我们所
We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have
before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.
2. 第二句中 of 短语作后置定语修饰ordeal，翻译时应前置。ordeal 意为“严峻的考验”，
面临的将是一 场极其严峻的考验，将是旷日持久的斗争和
苦难。
You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land,
grievous 意为“严峻的”。此名词短语可译为“极其严峻的考验”。
你们会问，我们 的对策是什么？我认为是从地面，海上
sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God
has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never
3. 第二段第二句中wage是“发动”的意思。wage war 意为“发动战争” 。
和空中发动战争。尽我们的全力，尽上帝赐予我们的全部力
surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crimes.
量去作战，与人类黑暗、可悲的罪行史上空前凶残的恶魔暴
You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is
4. 第二段第三句中War with …补充说明上一句中的war，翻译时可按照汉语习惯，补充谓
政相抗争。
victory. Victory at all costs—victory in spite of all terrors—for
语，译为独立的句子。catalogue原意是“目录”，本句中应译为“ 记载”。
你们还会问，我们的目的是什么？我可以用一个词来回
without victory there is no survival.
答，那就是胜利。不惜一切代价，不惧一切恐怖，去夺取胜
Let that be realized, no survival for the British Empire, no
5. 第四段中三处名词结构no survival…构成排比结构，翻译成汉语时也应译为排比句， 体现
利——因为没有胜利就无法生存。
survival for all that British Empire has stood for, no survival
原文的效 果，同时还要注意句间的逻辑关系。
我们必须意识到这一点：没有胜利，就没有大英帝国的
fo r the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move
存在，就没有大英帝国所代表的一切的存在，就没有多少世
forward toward his goal.
纪以来促使人类朝着自己的目标奋勇前进的强烈欲望和动力
的存在。
2006-19

专八真题点评
2006年
PART VI WRITING

【审题】
文章以美国著名作家
Joseph Epstein
的话为题材，限 定题目为
“
抱负
”
，要求考生首先对
Epstein
的话发 表评论，然后陈述理由支持个人观点。行文时应做到内容切题，理由充分、语言简练，同时注意句式的变化。【思路】
【范文】
【点评】
Ambition
第一段：给出“抱负”的定义，
Ambition is a strong desire to achieve something and a firm determination to carry out one’s decisions. It works as a motivation for
引用谚语

“当我们决定和选择时，我们的
引用Joseph Epstein的
one’s advancement with which one can almost accomplish any success he desires. The famous American writer Joseph Epstein once said,
话，明确自己的观点：
生活便得以形 成”，呼应主题。
抱负使我们的生活更有
“And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make our determinations and choices to do something, our lives

从两个方面论证抱负的重要性。
意义，更有方向。
acquire significance and orientation. As far as I am concerned, this cannot be truer and does apply to almost every aspect of our life.
To begin with, ambition provides us with a sense of mission. Once you have made your decision, you’ll have to make efforts towards
provide
与
procure
属于同义词，使文章用词
it. In other words, be responsible to your choice. Your choice procures you a sense of orientation and a sense of mission. Only with strong
ambition can we assume more responsibilities, quicken our steps and go ahead to make progress. A typical example is Caesar of the ancient
更丰富。

Roman Empire, who was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered”, and finally he became an unrivaled empire builder in the

“承担（责任）”，用词准确。
第二至三段：从两个方面论证抱负
history of Rome. John Milton, always encouraged by his ambition to write some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had
引用谚语

“所到之处，所向披靡”，使例
对于人生的重要性。
eventually got his honor as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.
In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potential to the full. It is hard to imagine what a man can accomplish without ambition.
证更有说服力。

Without ambition, one’s potentials may remain slumbering like a dormant volcano, since ambition serves as a catalyst activating one’s
“无敌的，无比的”，用词准确形象。
dormant potentials. A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, who is called a Chinese Helen Keller. Her achievements almost dwarf those of some
“像休眠火山一样沉睡”，比喻恰当贴
normal people. Unquestionably, it is her ambition to be someone that leads her to her success.
Although crucial and influential ambition is, it must be channeled in the right direction; otherwise, it may play an opposite role
切，用词生动形象。
第四段：从反面说明，错误定位
and bring havoc to people. The tyrant ruler Hitler serves as a good example. It was his wild ambition to conquer the Europe in whatever

“使相形见绌”，用词形象。
的抱负将会带来危害甚
至灾难。
crucial ways that finally turned him into a demon and Europe an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering. Another case is Japan
运用强调句型，使文章句型更丰富。
during the second world war who aimed at the conquest of the whole Asia and directly resulted in the numerous deaths in other Asian
countries.
“
引导
”
，用词恰当。
第五段：总结全文，重申抱负的
In short, on the one hand, ambition is beneficial and important to us if correctly channeled; on the other hand, it can bring harms or even
disaste r
替代
havoc
，避免用词重复。
两面性并再次强调积极
disa sters if wrongly aimed. From my point of view, ambition is indispensable to our life and only be motivated by a well-directed ambition
的抱负的重要性。

“无底深渊”，比喻恰当，增添文章色彩。
can we make our life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding.

使用倒装句型，使文章更有说服力。
2006-20