国家海洋局东海分局-西藏教育考试院

凝聚各方力量，缓解气候危机
随着全球气候问题加剧和温室气体排放持续增加，各国政府齐聚马德里参加应对气候变化的多边会议，积
极寻找应对措施，这是兑现承诺和采取行动的关键时刻。
阅读短文并回答问题
Speaking at the opening ceremony of the 25th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 25)
in Madrid, Spain, on December 2, UN Secretary General António Guterres issued an urgent warning about
the deepening climate crisis. He said that our planet was nearing “the point of no return” and that all
countries should take even more active measures to limit greenhouse gas emissions（排放）.
It has been three years since the landmark Paris Agreement went into effect in November 2016, but
making the climate deal actually operational has proven to be a tough problem. With varying preferences
and conditions, it is difficult to provide an accurate assessment and evaluation of the effectiveness of
climate policies. Thus, it is not surprising that it remains a major concern as to how to provide the financial
and technical assistance needed to help poorer nations to deal with the impacts of climate change and
pursue low- carbon development.
Although climate change is an issue needing a global solution, challenges like the free-rider problem
may discourage international cooperation. The effects of climate change vary in different parts of the world.
But the benefits of climate policies are diffused（散布的）, leading to some countries not sharing the costs,
only enjoying the fruits of others’ efforts. Moreover, in recent years, the world economy has been affected
by several issues such as sluggish（缓慢的）trade and investment flows, as well as the monetary loosening
by central banks around the world. As a result, the desire for international cooperation on climate change
action has been bad reduced.
However, the international community is pushing forward with negotiations in a cooperative and
practical way to make positive progress in putting the Paris Agreement into operation and open a new
chapter in global climate governance.
1. What does Guterres appeal to countries to do about the climate crisis?
A. Evaluate climate policies.
B. Revise the Paris Agreement.
C. Strengthen global communication.
D. Control greenhouse gas emissions.
2. What makes giving support to countries a major concern?
A. The imbalanced influence of climate crisis.
B. The different situations of developing countries.
C. The positive pursuit of totally removing carbon emissions.
D. The difficulty of correctly judging the influence of climate policies.
3. What does the “free-rider problem” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Different effects of climate change.
B. The policy of monetary loosening.
C. The act of benefiting from policies without paying for it.
D. Slow trade and investment flows with monetary loosening.

4. What does this text mainly talk about?
A. Bad influences of climate change.
B. Economic impacts on the environment.
C. Ways to improve international cooperation.
D. Existing difficulties in solving the climate crisis.
【参考答案】DBCD

单词学习
1. landmark n. 里程碑
a landmark decision 具有里程碑意义的决策
2. monetary adj. 货币的，金融的 monetary policy 货币政策
3. governance n. 管理；统治
They discussed economic governance for the euro area and cooperation on budget and tax policies.
他们讨论了欧元区的经济管理以及在预算、税收政策上合作的问题。
4. negotiation n. 协商；谈判 conduct negotiations with sb. 和某人进行谈判

长难句分析
1. Thus, it is not surprising that it remains a major concern as to how to provide the financial and technical assistance
needed to help poorer nations to deal with the impacts of climate change and pursue low-carbon development.
【分析】该句第一个“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面“that”引导的主语从句，即“tha t it remains…development”。
主语从句中的主干是“it remains a concern”，“as to how to provide the financial and technical assistance”具体解释
“concern”，“needed to help poorer nations”作后置定语修饰“assistance”，“to deal with the impacts…development”作目的
状语。
【翻译】因此 ，毫不奇怪，如何提供必要的财政和技术援助以帮助较贫穷国家应对气候变化的影响和追求低碳发展
仍然 是一个主要问题。
2. However, the international community is pushing forward with negotiations in a cooperative and practical way to make
positive progress in putting the Paris Agreement into operation and open a new chapter in global climate governance.
【分析】句子主干为“community is pushing forward with negotiations”，“in a cooperative and practical way”作方式状语，
“to make positive progress…climate governance”作目的状语。
【翻 译】然而，为了使《巴黎协定》的实施取得积极进展，开启全球气候治理的新篇章，国际社会正在以合作务实的方式推动谈判，
知识拓展
《巴黎协定》是2016年4月22日在纽约签署的 气候变化协定。该协定为2020年后应对全球气候变化行动做
出安排。《巴黎协定》的主要目标是将本 世纪全球平均气温上升幅度控制在2摄氏度以内，并将全球气温上升控制
在前工业化时期水平之上1.5 摄氏度以内。
第二十五届联合国气候变化大会(COP25)于12月2日在西班牙马德里开幕。随着 全球气候问题加剧和温室气体
排放持续增长，各国政府齐聚马德里参与应对气候变化的多边会议。此次大 会呼吁加强“问责、责任和领导力”，
以结束全球气候的危机。
声明
原文选自Beijing Review，试题与内容讲解由天学网教学研究中心编写。