tenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensi tivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrain
esensiti veperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskil ls
earnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,but
theprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehas passed.
Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereache dinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecase s
wheveweeksababysmiles
andmakesvowel-likeso unds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderst andsimplecommands;at
eheknowsaboutl,000wordswhi chhecanput
intosentences,andatfourhislanguagedi ffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.
specialaboutman’sbrain,
comparedwiththatoft hemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtocon nectthesightandfeelof,say,
atoy- bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincre dibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutan
orderi nlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze, tocombineandrecombinethepartsofa
languageinneww ays.
Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsonin teractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethe
m otherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling(咿呀学语 ),graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.
Insensi tivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteraction becausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsout
ivity tothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowt handdevelopmentof
language.
poseofFrederickⅠ ’sexperimentwas
[A]toprovethatchildrenarebornwi ththeabilitytospeak
[B]todiscoverwhatlanguageac hildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech
[C]t ofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachinga childtospeak
[D]toprovethatachildcouldbedamaged withoutlearningalanguage
sonsomechildrenareback wardinspeakingismostprobablythat
[A]theyareinca pableoflearninglanguagerapidly
[B]theyareexpose dtotoomuchlanguageatonce
[C]theirmothersrespond inadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak
[D]theirmoth ersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem
exceptiona llyremarkableaboutachildisthat
[A]heisbornwitht hecapacitytospeak
[B]hehasabrainmorecomplexthan ananimal’s
[C]hecanproducehisownsentences
[D ]heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing
fthefollow ingcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?
[A]Thefacult yofspeechisinborninman.
[B]Encouragementisanyth ingbutessentialtoachildinlanguagelearning.
[C]T hechild’sbrainishighlyselective.
[D]Mostchildre nlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.
ldstartsto speaklaterthanothers,hewill
[A]haveahighIQ[B]be lessintelligent
[C]beinsensitivetoverbalsignals [D]notnecessarilybebackward
2

Passage 2
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenter prisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主义
的)management inwhichmanbecomesasmall,ingisdonewithhigher
wag es,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsyc hologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthis
oilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerles s,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhis
, theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomi cpuppets
whodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesan dbureaucraticmanagement.
Theworkerandemployeear eanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesouto fajob;theyare
anxiousalsobveanddiewithout
ev erhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanex istenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.
ivesarenolessemptyt hanthoseoftheir
omoted
orteyapplyfortheirfir stjob,
theyaretestedforintellat
momentonthey aretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomte stingisabigbusiness,andbytheir
superiors,whojud getheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,nst antneedtoprovethatoneisas
goodasorbetterthanone ’sfellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress, theverycausesofunhappiness
andillness.
AmIsu ggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre- industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“f ree
enterprise”capitalism?msareneversolvedbyret urningtoastagewhichonehasalready
sttransforming oursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustr ialisminwhich
maximalproductionandconsumptionar eendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhich manandfull
developmentofhispotentialities—those ofloveandofreason—tion
andconsumptionshouldserv eonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromruli ngman.
“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthori ntendstorendertheideathatmanis
[A]anecessarypar tofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegli gible
[B]workingincompleteharmonywiththerestoft hesociety
[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwitht herestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly
[D ]ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkin gsmoothly
lcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandempl oyeesisthat
[A]theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs
[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhuma nexistence
[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividuali tyandindependence
epassagewecaninferthatrealhap pinessoflifebelongstothose
[A]whoareatthebottom ofthesociety
[B]whoarehigherupintheirsocialstat us
[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors
[D]whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld
ethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhat weshould
[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourances tors
[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployee s
[C]enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities3

[D]takethefundamentalrealitiesforgra nted
hor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbest besummarizedasoneof__
[A]approval[B]dissatisfac tion[C]suspicion[D]tolerance
Passage3
Whenan inventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecourses ofactionopentohim:hecangivethe
inventiontothewo rldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.
Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweena ninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgets
ali mitedperiodofmonopoly(垄断)andpublishesfulldetailsof hisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod
terminat es.
Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthel ifespanofapatentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessof
events.
Thelongestextensionevergrantedwasto GeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercirc uitrywas
extendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepa tent’snormallifetherewasnocolorTVtoreceiveandthusn ohope
ofrewardfortheinvention.
Becauseapaten tremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,thes helvesofthelibraryattachedtothe
patentofficecon taindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreefo ranyonetouseand,ifolderthanhalfa
century,,paten texpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcost of
conductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheon esurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor’srig htis
se,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherfor mpermanentlyinvalidates
furtherpatentsonthatide a,dern
technologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresum ptionsoflegalsecurity.
Anyonecloselyinvolvedinp atentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost“newideas”are ,infact,asoldasthe
eirreductiontocommercialprac tice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthrought heavailability
ofnewtechnology,icpatentfortheth eoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto
theoriginali e
Volkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904p atentforacartwiththehorseattherear.
sageismainl yabout
[A]anapproachtopatents[B]theapplicationf orpatents
[C]theuseofpatents[D]theaccesstopaten ts
fthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
[A]Whenapatentbecomesoutofeffect,itcanbere-patent edorextendedifnecessary.
[B]Itisnecessaryforani nventortoapplyforapatentbeforehemakeshisinventionp ublc.
[C]Apatentholdermustpublicizethedetailsof hisinventionwhenitslegalperiodisover.
[D]Onecan getallthedetailsofapatentedinventionfromalibraryat tachedtothepatentoffice.
Valensi’spatentlastedu ntil1971because
[A]nobodywouldofferanyrewardfor hispatentpriortothattime
[B]hispatentcouldnotbe puttouseforanunusuallylongtime
[C]therewerenote noughTVstationstoprovidecolorprogrammes
[D]thec olorTVreceiverwasnotavailableuntilthattime
d“pl agiarize”(line8,Para.5)mostprobablymeans“”.
[A] stealanduse[B]giverewardto
[C]makepublic[D]take andchange
epassagewelearnthat
4

[A ]aninventionwillnotbenefittheinventorunlessitisred ucedtocommercialpractice
[B]productsareactually inventionswhichweremadealongtimeago
[C]itismuch cheapertobuyanoldpatentthananewone
[D]patentexp ertsoftenrecommendpatentstoothersbyconductingasear chthroughdeadpatents
PartⅢEnglish-ChineseTransl ation
(31)Themethodofscientificinvestigationisn othingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingo f
thehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallpheno menaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexact
sno moredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifferen ce,betweenthemental
operationsofamanofsciencean dthoseofanordinaryperson,asthereisbetweentheoperat ionsandmethodsofa
bakerorofabutcherweighingouth isgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistin performinga
difficultandcomplexanalysisbymeanso fhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.(32)Itisnotthatt hescalesinthe
onecase,andthebalanceintheother,d ifferintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofw orking;butthat
thelatterisamuchfinerapparatusan dofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthanthefo rmer.
Youwillunderstandthisbetter,perhaps,ifIgi veyousomefamiliarexamples.(33)Youhaveallheardit
repeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinduction(归纳 法)anddeduction,thatbythehelpofthese
operations, they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromNaturecerta innaturallaws,andthatoutofthese,by
somespecials killoftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.(34)Anditi simaginedbymanythattheoperationsof
thecommonmin dcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthatt heyhavetobeacquiredbyasort
alltheselargewords,y ouwouldthinkthatthemindofamanofsciencemustbe
co nstituteddifferentlyfromthatofhisfellowmen;butifyo uwillnotbefrightenedbyterms,youwilldiscoverthat
youarequitewrong,andthatalltheseterribleapparatus arebeingusedbyyourselveseverydayandeveryhourof
yourlives.
Thereisawell-knownincidentinoneofMot iere’splays,wheretheauthormakestheheroexpressunbou nded
delightonbeingtoldthathehadbeentalkingpros e(散文)ameway,Itrustthat
youwilltakecomfort,andbe delightedwithyourselves,onthediscoverythatyouhaveb eenactingonthe
principlesofinductiveanddeductiv ephilosophyduringthesameperiod.(35)Probablythereis notoneherewho
hasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccas iontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning,ofthevery samekind,
thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhichas cientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnatural phenomena.
PartⅣWriting(15points)
DIRECTIONS :
:ADVERTISEMENTONTV
mit:40minutes
mit:12 0-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)
mpositionshouldbebasedattheOUTLINEbelowandshoulds tartwiththegivenopeningsentence:
“Todaymoreandm oreadvertisementsareseenontheTVscreen.”
mpositi onmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.
OUTLINE :
tstate
s
ents
5