2011温总理答记者问中英文版
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2020年07月30日 16:20
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Ladies and Gentlemen, good morning! Today we have the great pleasure to invite Premier Wen Jiabao to meet Chinese and foreign press and answer your questions. First, some opening remarks from Mr. Premier.
中国国务院总理温家宝:
各位记者朋友，大家好。刚刚结束的全国人民代表大会通过了政府工作报告和“十二五”规划纲要。摆在我们面前的任务十分艰巨，国内外形势也非常复杂，做好各项工作，完成预期目标，需要付出极大努力。我们要有忧患意识，始终保持清醒的头脑。同时，又要树立信心，信心就像太阳一样，充满光明和希望。我的任期还有两年，我深知这两年的工作不比任何一年要轻松。“政如农工，日夜思之，思其始而成其终。”谢谢。现在可以提问了。
Friends of the press, good morning! The just concluded session of the National People’s Congress adopted the Government Work Report and the Outline of the 12th Five-year Plan. We face extremely daunting tasks and complex domestic and international situations. We must work very hard if we are to achieve successes in our work on all fronts and meet the goals we have set. We must be fully mindful of potential dangers and keep a cool head. At the same time, we should have firm confidence. Confidence is like the sun. It brings us and bright and hope. There are two years left in my term of office, I know full well that my work in the next two years will not be easier than any of the previous years. I do my job as diligently as a farmer tends to his field. I have it on my mind day and night. I work for a thorough planning from the start and I’m determined to carry it through to a successful end. Thank you!
人民日报、人民网记者:
总理，您好！我是人民日报、人民网记者。“十二五”规划确定未来五年我国经济增长的预期目标，就是年均增长7%。我们注意到，这个数字和“十一五”规划相比降低了0.5个百分点。请问总理，我们主动调低经济增长速度这样一个选择是出于什么考虑？如果未来经济增长速度有所放缓会不会影响扩大就业以及改善民生等方面？谢谢。
I’m with People’s daily and . We have noted that the 12th Five-year Plan has set an annual GDP growth target of 7% in the next five years. That target is 0.5 percentage point lower than the GDP growth target set up in the 11th Five-year Plan. Premier, my question is: what is the consideration of the government in taking the initiative to adjust the downward of the GDP growth target. Will a slower economy affect the government’s efforts to expand employment and improve people’s well-being?
温家宝:
主动调低经济发展的速度，不仅表明决心和意志，而且
是一个重大的举措。就是说，在今后五年以至中国经济发展的相当长时期，我们要把转变经济增长方式作为主线。真正使中国的经济转到主要依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质上来，着重提高经济的增长质量和效益。
We have set a lower GDP growth target for the next five years. I believe this shows the resolve and will of the Chinese government. It is also a major step that the government is determined to take. This means that in the next five years and even for a much longer period of time to come, in the course of China’s economic development, we will take the transformation of China’s economic development pattern as our priority task so that we will be able to refocus China’s economic development to scientific and technological advances and to higher educational level of the labor force. And we will be able to in that way raise the quality and efficiency of China’s economic development.
经济发展速度、就业与通货膨胀三者之间有密切联系。经济发展速度高，就业人数就会多，但通胀的压力也会大。经济发展速度低，就业人数少，但很容易使经济走向衰退。我们必须在这两条道路当中走出一条光明的路，把它们有机地连接起来。
The speed of economic growth, employment and inflation leads three aspects of closely interconnected. A high growth speed will bring more jobs, but at the same time increase inflationary pressure. And a low growth speed will mean fewer jobs but it is also likely to cause economic recession. We must strike a right balance between these two and insure a bright future for China’s economic development. We should take an integrated approach in taking relevant efforts on both fronts.
我们要充分利用这样一个机会，调整经济结构，解决中国经济长期以来存在的不平衡、不协调和不可持续的问题，使经济的发展与人口、环境和资源相适应。
We must seize the current opportunities and make adjustments to China’s economic structure so that we will be able to resolve the long-standing problem in China’s economic development. That is a lack of adequate balance, coordination and sustainability. And we must strike a balance between economic development and population, environmental protection and resources.
7%的发展速度也不算低了。大家注意到，我们的经济总量在不断增加，7%的速度使经济增长也不断增加，也就是说基数大了，真正实现有质量和效益的7%的增长速度，并非是一件容易的事情。谈到就业，我觉得我们应该重视结构调整，在结构调整中特别应该重视发展中小企业，主要是科技型的小企业。重视发展服务业，包括生产服务业，这些都可以容纳更多的就业。我们一定想办法，在比过去低的速度下还能解决中国日益增长的就业压力问题，这对政府是一个极大
的考验。我们完全有决心能够办好这件事情。
I also want to point out that a 7% growth target is not a low target. We have noted that China’s economic aggregates have been expanding rapidly in recent years. And that 7% growth rate will also further add to China’s size of economy in aggregate terms. And that means we have an increasingly large base figure. Therefore it will not be easy for us to achieve this 7% growth target while at the same time insuring good quality and efficiency of economic development. With respect to jobs, I would like to say that we must pay close attention to economic restructuring. And in this course we should give priority to developing small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular small high-tech enterprises and develop the service sector including producer services. All these will help us spur more jobs. The government will make every effort to cope with the rising employment pressure with this downward adjusted economic growth target. I think this poses a great test to the government but we have the determination that we will be successful.
谢谢你。
Thank you!
法国《观点周刊》记者:
谢谢主持人！温总理，您好！我是法国《观点周刊》的记者朱浩林。我们看到，今年年初以来，在北非的一些国家经历了很大的变化。世界也在关注着快速发展的中国，有人认为中国在政治、经济、文化等领域已经创建了属于自己的发展模式。我想问的问题是，中国的发展模式如何很好地适应变化中的大环境？其他国家能否从中国的发展模式中借鉴并得到启示？
I’m with Le Point of France. Mr. Prime minister, North Africa has been experimenting tremendous changes since the beginning of the year. And the world is now observing China which is perusing its course. Can we say that China has created its own model in the mode of politics, economics and culture? And how is this model going to adapt to this new environment? And could some other countries be inspired by this model? Thank you!
温家宝:
我们十分关注西亚、北非发生的政治动荡，但是我们认为，任何把中国同西亚、北非发生政治动荡的国家相类比都是不正确的。
We have followed closely the turbulence of the political situation in some West Asian and North African countries. At the same time, we take the view that it is not right to draw an analogy between China and those relevant countries.
改革开放30年来，中国经济社会取得了飞速的发展，人民生活明显改善，这是举世公认的。我们的政府在认真解决当前经济社会存在的问题，这也是老百姓有目共睹的事。中国经济这些年确实发生了很大的变化，我们的经济总量跃居到世界第二位，但是我们一直清醒地认识到中国人口多、底子薄、发展不平衡，依然是一个发展中国家。
With over thirty years of ref
orm and opening up, China has achieved rapid development in its economic and social fields. The lives of the Chinese people have been markedly improved. These achievements have been widely recognized. I believe the Chinese people have also seen that the Chinese government is taking serious steps to address the challenges and problems in China’s economic and social development. It is true that recent years have witnessed major changes in China’s economy. Now the Chinese economy has become the second largest in the world. But at the same time, we are also fully aware that China remains a developing country with large population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.
我们选择了一条适合中国国情的发展道路。这条道路的主要特点是：第一，必须坚持以经济建设为中心，大力促进经济发展和社会进步；第二，必须坚持以人为本，全面协调和可持续发展；第三，必须坚持社会公平正义以保持社会的和谐和稳定；第四，必须保障人民的民主权利，促进人的全面发展，以进一步调动人民的积极性和创造性。
We have embarked on the development path that fits China’s national conditions. The main features of this development path are as follows: First, we will focus on economic construction and vigorously promote economic development and social progress; Second, we will continue to put people’s interests first and strive for comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development; Third, we will continue to promote social fairness and justice and maintain social stability and harmony; And fourth, we will protect the democratic rights of the people, promote their all-round development and give further play to the initiative and creativity of the people.
我们的改革和建设还在探索当中，我们从来不认为自己的发展是一种模式。同样，我们认为任何国家都要走适合自己国情的发展道路，我们尊重各国人民的选择。我们认为，不同的国家、不同的发展道路都可以相互尊重、相互学习和借鉴。谢谢你。
China is still taking exploratory steps with respect to its reform and development. We have never seen our own development path as any particular model. We believe that all countries can identify their own development paths which are suited to their national conditions, and we respect the choices made by people of other countries. At the same time, we take the view that countries can learn from each other in terms of development path on the bases of mutual respect. Thank you!
香港有线电视记者:
您在“十二五”规划报告当中特别提到港澳，包括继续支持香港作为国际金融中心的角色，还有就是确立粤港多项大型机械建设项目的合作，中央在作出这些规划的过程当中都有哪些考虑？另外，现在有人说香港已经逐渐在消失它的传统优势，已经没有独立的能力应
对区域竞争，所以迫使中央这次要出手，您怎么看待这个说法？我们很想知道，这些措施长远是否能够有效的解决现在香港存在的一些，比如贫富悬殊这样一些深层次矛盾等问题。谢谢。
I’m with Cable TV of Hong Kong. A separate chapter has been devoted to Hong Kong and Macao’s development in China’s 12th Five-year Plan. The central government has indicated in the plan that it will continue to support Hong Kong to develop its status as the international financial center. And further details have also been spelled out concerning the cooperation between Guangdong Province and Hong Kong with respect to a number of large infrastructural development projects. I would like to ask: what is the consideration of the Chinese central government in laying out all these arrangements. Some people argue that Hong Kong is losing its traditional advantage and is also unable to cope with regional competition on its own. And that is why the central government felt compelled to draw up the plan for Hong Kong’s development. I would like to ask: what is your view on this and will these measures taken by the central government be enough to help Hong Kong resolve some of its underlying problems, for example, the widening income gap in Hong Kong.
温家宝:
听到香港记者的提问，我想起在2003年我访问了香港，也就是在那一年那次访问，我见证了内地与香港签署了CEPA协定。我可以先跟你说，我很想再去一次香港，看望香港人民，向香港人民表示问候。
Your question reminds me of my visit to Hong Kong in 2003. It was during that visit in that year that I attended the signing ceremony of Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement Between Hong Kong and the Mainland. I would like to tell you that I want very much to visit Hong Kong again to see the people in Hong Kong and bring my greetings to the people in Hong Kong.
这次“十二五”规划纲要把港澳单独列为一章，表明了中央政府对香港和澳门保持长期稳定的坚定支持。这样做不仅是两个特别行政区政府和各界人士的要求，也是对港澳的长期发展有利的。方才你说香港的传统优势不存在了，我不这样看。香港背靠祖国，面向国际，有着开放的自由经济，有着同国际经济接轨的完备法律法规，有着全面的各类管理人才。香港经历了两次金融危机，都经受住了考验。香港作为国际金融中心的优势地位没有改变。
There is a sepearte chapter devoted to Hong Kong and Macao in the 12th Five-year Plan Outline. This shows that the central government has firm support for the long-term stability in Hong Kong and Macao. This not only meets aspiration of the governments of the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao and the People in the two SARs. It is also in the interest of the long-term development of Hong Kong and Macao. You said in you
r question that Hong Kong has lost its traditional advantage. Actually I take a different view. Hong Kong with strong backing of the motherland and facing the world has an open and free economy. It has a full fledged legal system that is consistent with international practices. It has a large pool of managerial personnel in various kinds. And Hong Kong has withstood the test of two financial crises. So I believe Hong Kong’s traditional advantage as international financial center has not changed.
在规划当中，我们特别强调要使香港成为成为人民币离岸的结算中心和国际资产中心。事实上，这些年我们在金融上的改革都首先在香港先行先试。比如，人民币在香港的存款已经超过三千亿。我们首先实现了货物贸易在香港以人民币结算的试点。内地特别是珠江三角洲与香港合作得到加强，与此同时，香港连接内地的各项基础设施建设很快地向前推进，使物流、人流更加畅通和便捷。这些都有利于巩固和发展香港的金融中心地位。
It is set out in the 12th Five-year Plan that the central government will support Hong Kong in developing itself into an offshore RMB business center and an international asset management center. Actually many of the pilot programs that we have taken in the reform in the financial sector in recent years have been first conducted in Hong Kong SAR. For example, the RMB deposits now in Hong Kong have exceeded 300 billion Yuan. At the same time, we have also run the pilot program of settling cross-boarder trade with RMB in Hong Kong, in particular trade in goods. Moreover, the cooperation between Hong Kong and mainland, in particular the Pearl River Delta has been enhanced and fast progress has been made in the series of infrastructure projects linking Hong Kong with the mainland. All these have facilitated the freer flow of goods and personnel between the two sides. And I believe these measures will help further consolidate and develop Hong Kong’s status as an international financial center.
香港目前不仅有应对区域竞争和风险的能力，也有应对世界竞争和风险的能力。但是，香港也面临着相当复杂的外部局势。因此，也要有忧患意识，利用好机遇迎接各种挑战。我曾经讲过，香港要注意三件事情：第一，要有一个长远的、科学的发展规划；第二，要重视和解决经济社会发展中的深层次矛盾；第三，要努力改善民生。我以为，在香港还要重视教育、科技，以增强香港发展的后劲。还要从自身实际出发，重视发展服务业，包括金融服务和旅游服务。发展小型的科技创新企业，以增加就业。香港有着比较充裕的财政收入和雄厚的外汇储备，要进一步加强社会保障体系的建设，特别要照顾好弱势群体，致力于改善民生。谢谢你。
I believe Hong Kong has the ability to cope with not
only regional competition and risks, but also international competition and risks. At the same time, Hong Kong is confronted by a complex external environment. Therefore, it is important for the Hong Kong SAR to be mindful of the potential perils, make the most of the good opportunities and meet the challenges ahead on. I have said that Hong Kong needs to pay close attention to the following three things: First, Hong Kong needs to have a long term and scientific development plan; Second, it needs to attach great importance to addressing the underlying problems in Hong Kong’s economic and social development; And third, Hong Kong should work hard to improve people’s well-being. At the same time, I believe it’s important for Hong Kong to pay close attention to the development of education and science and technology so as to sustain its momentum of future development. Meanwhile, Hong Kong needs to further develop its service sector, including financial services and tourism in the light of Hong Kong’s actual conditions and further develop those small innovative high-tech enterprises to create more jobs. Hong Kong has sufficient government revenues and ample foreign exchange reserves. Hong Kong needs to make the most of its favorable conditions and improve the social safety net, in particular, take good care of the vulnerable groups, so that people in Hong Kong will lead a much better life.
对不起，我想利用这个时间还想回答一个你没有提的问题。
Let me take a few minutes to address something that you did not mention in your question.
也就是说在“十二五”规划制定过程中，在香港有一种舆论，说香港“被规划”了。我想在这里再次强调，我们将坚持“一国两制”的方针，认真执行“港人治港”、高度自治，严格遵守基本法。中央制定的“十二五”规划都是支持香港的发展，中央的规划绝不会代替香港的自身规划。
Well, that is during the formulation of the 12th Five-year Plan Outline there was such an opinion in Hong Kong that the plan was actually imposed upon the Hong Kong SAR. Here, I would like to emphasize that we will adhere to the principle of “One Country, Two Systems”, “The Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong” and a high degree of autonomy. We will act in strict accordance with the Basic Law. And the purpose of the central government in laying out such a chapter about Hong Kong and Macao in the 12th Five-year Plan is to support Hong Kong’s development and this arrangement will in no way replace Hong Kong’s own plan.
美国《华尔街日报》记者:
总理您好。请问通货膨胀现在成为中国社会越来越突出的一个问题，高物价、高房价已经直接影响到老百姓日常的生活。那么您如何评价政府已经采取的措施呢？下一步有什么新的措施出台？在应对通货膨胀，您会不会考虑让人民币较快速度的升值？谢谢。
I’m with Wall Street Journal. Inflation has become an acutely-felt problem in China’s society. We have seen that rising commodity prices and housing prices have exerted direct impact on the day-to-day lives of the ordinary Chinese people. I would like to ask: how do you evaluate the measures that the central government has adopted to fight inflation. And what new measures will the government take to combat inflation in the future? Will the government consider letting the RMB appreciate faster in fighting inflation?
温家宝:
通货膨胀就像一只老虎，如果放出来就很难再关进去。我们目前出现的通货膨胀其实是国际性的，如果你看看整个国际的形势，由于某些国家实行量化宽松的货币政策，而造成汇率和大宗物资价格的大幅度波动。这不仅影响一个地方，就连欧洲也突破了2%。前几个月，世界粮价上涨15%，如果再加上西亚北非局势的影响，油价高企超过每桶100美元。输入型的通货膨胀对中国有很大的影响，这也是我们难以控制的。另一方面，确实在我们国内也有因为劳动力成本提高，各种初级产品价格上涨而造成的结构性通货膨胀。我们必须重视解决这些问题。我常讲通货膨胀包括物价、房价都涉及人民群众的生活，关系到他们的切身利益。因此，我们今年在政府宏观调控的各项工作中，把抑制通货膨胀摆在了第一位。
Inflation is like a tiger, once set free it will be very difficult to bring the tiger back into its cage. I believe that the current inflation we are witnessing is actually a global issue. Let’s take a look at the international environment in this respect. Some countries have pursued a quantitative easing monetary policy, and that has caused drastic fluctuations in exchange rates in some major currencies and the global commodity prices. This has not only affected one place or region in the world. Actually, we have seen an around 2% inflation rate in European countries. In the past few months, the global grain prices have risen by 15%. And the situation in some north African and western Asian countries has driven up global oil prices, and that price has hit over $$100 per barrel. The important inflation has had a big impact on China and it is a factor that is not easy to control. At the same time, we have also witnessed a structural inflation in China due to rising labor cost and rising prices of primary goods. We must pay very close attention to this problem and take strong steps to address it. I have often said that inflation including rising consumer and housing prices affects the immediate interests of the people. That is why the government has given top priorities to curbing inflation for its macroeconomic control this year.
关于管好通胀预期，抑制通货膨胀所采取的措施，在我的《政府工作报告》里已经详细地讲了。我不想再过多地重复。我只
是讲，对于管好通胀预期我们还是有信心的。去年11月份，我们物价高企达到5.1%。12月份，经过努力，我指的是消费物价水平降到4.6%。今年上半年是我们比较困难的时期，大概记者先生也懂得因为翘尾因素影响大。1月份，我们的CPI达到4.9%；2月份，还保持在4.9%。但你知道，2月份的翘尾因素的影响高达3.7%。对于物价，我们不敢掉以轻心。我们是从三个方面来努力管好通胀预期的。首先，要发展生产，特别是农业生产保障供给；第二，加强流通，特别是要加强农产品流通这个薄弱环节；第三，主要用经济和法律的手段管好市场。我们将持之以恒地把这项工作做到底。至于房价，我们也是三管齐下。第一，还是要控制货币的流动性。我想补充一点，对于物价这一点也是重要的，也就是说消除房价物价上涨的货币基础。第二，运用财政、税收和金融的手段来调节市场的需求；第三，加强地方政府的责任，无论是物价和房价，地方都要切实负起责任来。也就是说“米袋子”省长负责制，“菜篮子”市长负责制，房价也由地方来负主要责任。
I have explained the measures that we will adopt to control inflation and manage inflation expectations in my Government Work Report in great detail, so I will not repeat the measures here. I just want to emphasize that the government has the confidence that it will be able to anchor inflation expectations. In November last year, China’s consumer price index rose by 5.1%. With our hard efforts, we managed to bring it down to 4.6% the next month that is December last year. We still face difficult situation in the first half of this year, I’m sure that you are well aware of the carry-over effects on the CPI. In January this year, the CPI rose 4.9% and stayed at the same level in February. But we have a strong carry-over effect, standing at 3.7%. Therefore, we must not take this issue lightly. We have taken the following measures to manage inflation expectations: First, we will continue to develop production, in particular agricultural production to ensure sufficient supply; Second, we improve the distribution system, in particular we will enhance the weak links in agricultural product distribution; And third we will mainly make use of economic and legal instruments to manage the market and maintain good market order. We will continue to take persistent efforts to manage the inflation expectations. Our measures to bring down the rising housing prices are three-fold: First, we must mop up excess liquidity. That is actually important for both controlling the housing prices and the consumer prices because that will help us eliminate the monetary conditions for surging consumer and housing prices; Second, we will make use of a fiscal taxation and financial instruments to adjust market demand; And third, we must intensify
the responsibility of local governments’ responsibilities for controlling consumer and housing prices. That include the governor’s provinces will take responsibility for the supply of stable foods and the mayors will be responsible for the supply of vegetables. And in terms of bringing down surging housing prices, it is the local governments that will assume the general responsibility.
你关心人民币升值问题，我可以告诉你，我们将继续坚持人民币汇率形成机制的改革不动摇。如果从1994年算起，我们大的人民币汇率改革已经进行了3次。那么现在同1994年相比，人民币的有效汇率升值57.9%。我们这次改革主要是改变单一的盯住美元，而实行根据市场需求，参照一揽子货币，实行有管理的浮动汇率制度。我们将根据市场需求的变化来进一步加大人民币浮动的弹性。但同时我们也必须考虑这种升值还是渐进的，因为它关系到企业的承受能力和就业，我们要保持整个社会的稳定。
You have a keen interest of in the appreciation of Chinese RMB. I would like to say that we will continue to pursue our reform of the Chinese RMB exchange rate regime. Actually we have taken three major steps in pushing forward this reform since 1994. And since 1994, the real effective exchange rate of the Chinese Yuan has appreciated by 57.9% against the dollar. Our practice has been to depack the Chinese yuan from the US dollar and we pursue a managed and floating exchange rate, RMB exchange rate regime the on the basis of market supply and demand and with reference to a basket of currencies. We will continue to make the RMB exchange rate more flexible in line with the changes in market supply and demand. At the same time, the appreciation of the Chinese currency should be a gradual process because we must bear in mind its impact on the Chinese businesses and our employment situation. We must ensure overall social stability in this process. Thank you!
中央人民广播电台、中国广播网记者:
总理，您好。刚才那位外国同行也提到中国的房价，您也阐述了我们调控房价的三方面政策措施。其实从去年开始，国务院就出台了不少关于调控房地产的政策措施，被称为历史上“最严厉的房地产调控”。今年您在政府工作报告当中也重申，要坚定不移地搞好房地产调控。现在社会上有担心，就是这些政策措施能不能落实到位？会不会半途而废？请问总理，您怎么看待这个问题？谢谢。
I’m with China National Radio and its affiliated website. Just now, my foreign colleague mentioned the issue of rising housing prices and you also said that the government has taken measures to control rising housing prices in three aspects. We have actually seen that since last year the State Council has introduced a succession of measures to bring down the housing prices and some view these measu
res as the harshest ever. You said in the Government Work Report that the government will resolutely regulate the real-estate market. My question is that, will these measures be fully implemented or will the government give up half-way in their implementation?
温家宝:
关于房价的调控，我觉得当前最重要的是各项政策措施的落实。对于中央来讲，就是要加强对地方落实房价调控政策的检查力度，真正实行问责制。同时，密切跟踪和分析房地产市场发展的形势，进一步研究有针对性的宏观调控措施。对地方来讲，就是要认真落实房地产调控的责任。比如，首先要公布政府调控房地产的政策和房价控制目标。在这里，我想特别提出，我们三管齐下，其实还有一项非常重要的措施，那就是加快保障性住房建设。也就是说从供求上解决房地产市场存在的问题。对于保障性住房建设，人民群众当中有许多担心，他们总的是赞成的，但也有许多忧虑。我们提出，今年再建保障性住房1000万套，明年再建1000万套，也就是在今后五年能够建设3600万套。保障性住房除了棚户区改造以外，主要用于公租房和廉租房，这个方向必须明确。这里就有一个资金落实的问题，中央今年将向地方补助1030亿元，地方财政也相应加大投入，但还必须更广泛地利用社会资金。对于保障性住房，土地必须单列，做到应保尽保。有一件事情非常重要，现在就应该提到日程上来，那就是保障性住房的设计、建设必须有高标准、高要求，也就是说要确保质量、安全和环保。特别是在环保上，从设计到建设整个过程，都要实行节能。这是中国房地产建设的一大机会，如果丢掉了，十分可惜。我在这里想强调一点，就是对于保障性住房建设以后，管理和退出机制现在就要着手制定规则，这样我们就实行了一个完整的从建设到管理，到退出这样一个完整机制。使保障性住房质量和效益得到保证，使将来它的管理也得到保证。
We had set out our measures to control rising housing prices. What’s essential now is to ensure the full implementation of relevant policies and measures. In this respect, the central government will step up its inspection of the work on the part of local governments; we must exercise strict accountability system. At the same time, we will follow very closely and analyze the new developments in the real estate market and study focused and targeted macro-control measures in this field. The local governments must conscientiously perform their relevant responsibilities in this respect. For example, they must release their detailed rules with respect the implementation of the central government’s policies and announce their respective targets about bringing down housing prices. Actually, in regulating the real estat
e market, we have also adopted a very important measure, that is, we will further increase the supply of government subsidized housing units. This means that we will try to address problems in the housing market by relying on increasing supply. With respect to the government’s subsidized housing, I am aware of some concerns among the people. I would like to say that we have set the target of building 10 million such housing units this year and another 10 million next year. In total in the next five years, we plan to build 36 million government subsidized housing units. The mainly comprise public rental housing and low rent housing. It is essential that we ensure sufficient founding for the construction of those houses. As far as the founding is concerned, the central government will transfer a total of 103 billion RMB yuan to local governments in taking responsibilities of building such housing. The local governments will also increase their fiscal input but at the same time it is essential that we generate greater nongovernmental capital into this field. It is also important that we designate specific sites for the construction of government subsidized housing and ensure that such designated sites will be used only for this purpose. It is also important that we ensure the design and construction of those houses will meet high quality, standards and these lowing housings will be safe, environment-friendly and energy-efficient. I believe this presents us a great opportunity in developing the healthy housing market in China and we must not miss out on this opportunity. With respect to construction of these low income housings, we must at present formulate the management and return mechanisms so that we can put in place a complete system governing the construction, management and return of these houses and ensure the good quality and efficiency.
谢谢。
Thank You!
韩国文化广播公司记者:
总理阁下您好。我们非常关心“十二五”规划中关于推动文化大发展、大繁荣的内容。中国是人类文明的发祥地之一，具有悠久的历史和文化传统。请问中国将如何发挥这种优势来提升国家的软实力？在文化领域有什么具体政策和发展方向？谢谢。
I’m with MBC of the Republic of Korea. We have paid close attention to China’s 12th Five-year Plan. In particular it says that it will promote the vigorous cultural development and prosperity in China. China is one of the first places of human civilization, and China has a time-honored history and cultural tradition. My question is what will China do to give full play to its cultural advantage and boost the country’s soft power? What will be the specific measures taken in this filed?
温家宝:
一个国家的实力不仅表现在经济上，而且表现在国民素质、文化发展和道德情操上。我们国家有着5000年的文化传统，在世界上历经劫波，而现在还保存完整传承下
来，中国是一个典范。文化传统是一个国家的灵魂，文化传统更具有感召力和凝聚力，我们一定要充分发扬祖国的文化传统。同时我们也懂得，要学习和借鉴世界先进的文明。只有这样，才能使祖国的文化得到进一步发展，也就是我常说的，只有开放包容，才能使祖国强大。在“十二五”和今后相当长的时间内，我们也都要把文化的改革和发展放在重要的位置。加强文化建设，改革文化体制，建设一支高素质的文化队伍，积极开展群众性的文化活动，使中国文化有一个大发展和大繁荣。我们还要善于把文化传统与时代精神结合起来，把发扬我们国家的文化传统与吸收借鉴外国的先进文明结合起来，使祖国的文化再展辉煌。谢谢你。
I believe a country should not only be economically strong but also and more importantly be culturally strong and this is reflected in the educational level of its population, its cultural development and moral and ethical standards. China has a 5,000-year cultural heritage. Chinese civilization is one of the few in the world that have stayed unescaped from many trails and tribulations and continued uninterrupted in its development. Culture is the soul of a nation and cultural tradition is a strong source of inspiration and cohesiveness. We must bring into full play the strength of China’s cultural heritage and at the same time learn from and draw upon the fine achievements of other civilizations. Only in this way will the Chinese culture enjoy greater development. As I have often said, only an open and inclusive country can be strong. We will further reform and develop our cultural programs during the 12th Five-year Plan period and for even longer time to come. We will pursue institutional reform and further promote the people oriented cultural programs, so that we can enjoy greater development and prosperity in the Chinese culture. We will integrate our cultural heritage with the spirit of the times and we will also combine our efforts to carry forward the Chinese cultural heritage with our efforts to draw upon the culture of other countries so that the Chinese culture will continue to brim with vigor and vitality. Thank you!
台湾无线卫星电视台记者:
“十二五”规划已经正式通过，而两岸经济合作会议日前在台湾举行了首次会议。请问温总理，“十二五”规划和两岸签署的ECFA怎么促进两岸的经贸合作？另外，有部分台湾民众担心在大陆的经济转型之后可能对于在大陆的台资企业造成很严重的冲击，出现经济困难，请问总理如何看待这个问题？谢谢。
I’m with TVBS of Taiwan. The 12th Five-year Plan Outline has been adopted and the first session on economic cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits has been convened in Taiwan not long ago. I would like to ask: how will the 12th five-
year plan and ECFA between the two sides of Taiwan straits boost the business cooperation of the two sides? Moreover, there is a concern among some Taiwan people that with the transformation of economic development pattern on the mainland, maybe some Taiwan business on the mainland will face greater difficulties. What is your view?
温家宝:
请台湾记者向台湾同胞问好。大陆与台湾的ECFA协议今年1月1号生效，首先是早期收获。在今年2月份，两岸有关方面进行了一次评估，总的认为开局良好，进展顺利，效果初显。今年1月份，两岸贸易额增长了30%。你可能知道，去年大陆与台湾的贸易额超过1400亿美元，台湾的顺差达到860亿美元。你方才担心大陆经济转型会使台湾企业边缘化，我想对你讲，大陆已经成为台商投资的一个重要目的地。现在台资企业在大陆的已经有8万多家，直接投资超过500亿美元。如果算上异地投资，就是经过维尔京群岛这些岛屿，整个投资超过900亿美元。台商投资已经占到大陆吸引外资的9%。我想要消除这样一个顾虑，就是我们在推进科学发展，转变发展方式，只能为台资企业创造良好的投资环境和更有利的商机。我们将对台资企业继续实行国民待遇。台资企业在内地的发展不仅不会被边缘化，而且我预计会有更大的发展趋势。谢谢你。我还想说一句，在ECFA实行的过程中，我们会遇到一些问题，而且我们还将本着循序渐进的方式进一步推进ECFA的后续谈判。在整个谈判过程中，你都可以感觉到大陆的诚意和对台湾商界和人民利益的关心。我们是同胞，骨肉之亲，析而不殊。
First, I would like to ask you to convey my greetings to compatriots in Taiwan. The ECFA between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits has entered into force from January the first this year starting with the early harvest. In February the relevant parties of the two sides conducted a review with respect to the implementation of the early harvest and they share the view that early harvest has got off a good start, made smooth progress and produce initial results. Cross-strait trade increased by over 30% in the first month of this year. And you may be aware that last year our trade exceeded $$140 billion, with Taiwan running a surplus of over $$86 billion. In your question, you expressed the worry that as the economy on the mainland transforms its development pattern, is it possible that the Taiwan-invested businesses on the mainland will be marginalized. Well, I would like to say that actually the mainland has become a very important destination for Taiwan investment, and there are now over 80,000 Taiwan invested enterprises on the mainland. They have made a total paying investment of over $$50 billion and if we calculate the trans-investment made through a third place the figure will exceed $$90 billion. Taiwan’s invest
ment on the mainland now accounts for about 9% of total overseas investment on the mainland. We are pursuing scientific development and transforming our economic development pattern. I believe these efforts will only create a more favorable investment environment and offer more business opportunities for Taiwan enterprises. The Taiwan-invested enterprises on the mainland will continue to enjoy national treatment and I don’t think they will be marginalized in the process. Rather I believe they enjoy brighter prospects in their future development. We may run into some kinds of issues in the implementation of ECFA, but I would like to say that we will continue to work with the Taiwan side to pursue the follow-up negotiations in the step-by-step way. And I believe the people in Taiwan will see the sincerity on the part of the mainland during the negotiations. And we will see the commitment of the mainland side for the interests of business community and people in Taiwan. We are compatriots and I believe brothers, though geographically apart will always be bound by their blood ties!
美国有线电视新闻网记者:
温总理，您担任总理的职务已有8年，可能将于2013年卸任，您希望为后人留下什么“遗产”？您在多个场合谈到提倡政治改革，考虑到中国现在面临的挑战和问题，您认为应实行什么样的改革，以使中国政府更加有效地解决人民的关切、问题和不满？比如说您支持某些领导职位进行直选和差额选举吗？
I’m with CNN. Premier Wen, you have served as premier for 8 years now and maybe you will step down in the year kind of legacy do you wish to leave behind? You have many occasions advocated political reform, given China’s the kind of challenges and problems that China faces now. What reform do you advocate so that you, the government can better address problems, concerns, and grievances of the Chinese people? Do you, for example, support the idea of direct elections, competitive elections on various levels of government? Thank you!
温家宝:
你的第一个问题问得早了一些。
Your first question came a bit prematurely.
我的任期还有两年，我面临的工作还十分繁重。我应该像一个战士一样，在自己的岗位上坚持到最后一天，做到忧国不谋身，恪尽职守。
There are two years left in my current term of office and I still have a heavy agenda of my work. I think I should continue to do my job diligently on this position as devoted as a soldier. I always have the interests of the country in my mind and I pursue no personal gains. I will continue to perform my duties conscientiously.
我认为改革是历史永恒的主题。政治体制改革与经济体制改革应该协调推进，这是因为世界上一切事物不会是亘古不变的，如将不尽，与古为新。只有不断地改革，党和国家才会充满生机和活力。
I believe reform is
an eternal theme of history. Political restructuring and economic restructuring should be advanced in a coordinated way. Nothing in this world stays immutable and it is only with reform that we can ensure continuous existence and growth. It is only with reform that our Party and country will enjoy continuous vigor and vitality.
第二，政治体制改革是经济体制改革的保障。没有政治体制改革，经济体制改革不可能成功，已经取得的成果也有失去的危险。
Second, political restructuring offers a guarantee for our economic restructuring endeavour. Without political restructuring, the economic restructuring would not succeed. And the achievements we have made in economic restructuring may be lost.
第三，当前，我以为最大的危险在于腐败。而消除腐败的土壤还在于改革制度和体制。我深知国之命在人心，解决人民的怨气，实现人民的愿望，就必须创造条件，让人民批评和监督政府。
Third, I take the view that at present corruption poses the biggest danger to eliminate the breeding ground of corruption, we should pursue institutional reform. The hearts of the people are the life of the country. If we are to address the people’s grievances and meet their wishes, we must create conditions for the people to criticize and supervise the government.
第四，公平正义是社会主义的本质特征，也是社会稳定的基础。我们不仅要实现收入分配的公平，逐步减少分配收入差距扩大的现象。而且要解决教育、医疗等资源分配的不公，让人民共享改革开放的成果。而做到所有这一些，都必须推进经济体制改革和政治体制改革。
Fourth, fairness and justice are the defining features of socialism. They form the foundation of social stability. We must promote fairness in income distribution and gradually narrow the widening income gap. At the same time, we should also promote fairness in the distribution of educational, medical and health services, so that all people will be able to share in the fruits of China’s reform and opening up. If we are to achieve all these above-mentioned goals we must pursue economic restructuring and political restructuring.
第五，要给每个人以受教育的机会，充分发挥人的独立思维和创造精神。因为只有人民有积极性，我们的改革和建设才有坚实的基础，从这个意义上说，这也是民主的真正含义。
Fifth, we must ensure that each and every one will have the equal opportunity at receiving education. And we must give full play to the people’s independent thinking and creativity. It is only when the people fell that they are fully motivated that we will be able to put our reform and development endeavors on solid footing. In a sense, this captures the essence of democracy.
我们已经在县和不设区的市实行人民代表的直接选举，在村一级实行村民自
治制度，在市以上以至中央，我们还实行的是间接选举。我们在中央委员会的选举当中实行了差额选举。
我一直认为，这是一个循序渐进的过程。但是要相信，群众能管好一个村，也能管好一个乡，也能管好一个县，这需要一个过程。
People’s deputies are now directly elected at the county level and in cities without districts. The villagers can now exercise self-administration in villages. And we now have indirect elections that all above city level and at the central authority’s level. Moreover, we have the multi-candidate elections for members of central committees in the central authorities. I believe we must pursue a step-by-step approach in this process. We also should believe that when the people are capable of running the village affairs well, they will also be capable to move from running village affairs to running their affairs of township and a county. And that will be a gradual process.
在一个拥有13亿人口的大国推进政治体制改革并非是一件容易的事情，需要有稳定的、和谐的社会环境，在党的领导下有序地进行。谢谢。
It is by no means easy to pursue political restructuring in such a big country with 1.3 billion people. It requires a stable and harmonious social environment and it needs to be taken forward in an orderly way under the leadership of the Party. Thank you!
中央电视台、中国网络电视台记者:
总理您好。我们特别关注民营企业的发展问题。因为在这些年当中我们看到国务院先后出台了两个36条去引导和鼓励民营资本不断获得健康发展。对此有很多民营企业是充满期待的。但是我们也听到有一些民营企业认为，政府对非公经济的支持是雷声大、雨点小，实际过程当中有很多民间投资还会面临有形或者无形的障碍，似乎“玻璃门”的现象并没有得到有效解决，而且在国际上针对“国进民退”的说法也有不少争议。请问总理，您如何来看待这样一个问题？谢谢。
I’m with CCTV and CNTV. My question is related to the development of private enterprises in China. We have seen that the State Council has released two sets of 36 Guidelines on encouraging and supporting the development of nongovernmental investment and that has raised a lot of hopes on the part of privately run businesses in China. However, it is also the view of some privately run enterprises in China that they have heard loud thunders but seen few rain drops in terms of the central government’s support for the nonpublic sector or much said but little done. And those businesses still face a lot of visible or invisible obstacles in their operation and the problem of the so-called “glass door” has not been well addressed. There is also such a view that in China the state-owned enterprises are forging ahead but privately-owned ones falling behind. What is yo
ur view, Mr. Premier?
温家宝:
我们的方针是要实现、巩固和发展公有制经济，同时支持、鼓励和引导非公经济的发展，两个毫不动摇。我们在2005年出台了支持、鼓励和引导非公经济的36条。去年我们又出台了鼓励和引导民营资本投资的36条。应该说，这两个36条雷声不小。为什么说它雷声不小呢？就是我们明确地提出，无论在法律层面，还是在政策层面，无论是在财税金融政策，还是在准入政策上，我们对不同所有制的企业都一视同仁，鼓励相互竞争，共同发展。
Our policy in this field is that we will unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy and at the same time unswervingly support, encourage and guide the development of the nonpublic sector of the economy. In 2005, the State Council formulated the 36 Guidelines on encouraging and supporting the development of nonpublic sector. And last year, we introduced the new 36 Guidelines and encouraging and supporting the nongovernmental investment. I should say that the thunder is indeed loud. We will treat all enterprises of different kinds of ownerships as the same in terms of the law and policy including fiscal taxation, financial and market access policies and measures. We encourage these different economic entities to compete with each other and reinforce each other in their development.
为什么许多非公企业还感到雨点小？甚至提出存在所谓“玻璃门”和“弹簧门”的现象，我以为最重要的就是落实不够。大家如果注意这两个文件，后一个36条其实是对第一个36条的补充，它在政策和准入的细节上都作了许多明确的规定。我们正在着手制定新36条的贯彻细则。我相信，这两个文件将会进一步推进非公经济的发展。
So why do some private enterprises still feel that they have seen few raindrops and why do they feel that the problems of the so-called “glass door” and “swing door” have not being well addressed? I think this is mainly because we have not fully implemented the policies and measures. Actually, the new 36 Guidelines can be seen as a supplementary document to the first set of 36 Guidelines. Because a lot of detailed arrangements have been spelt out in the new 36 Guidelines in terms of the policy arrangements and market access. And we are now formulating the detailed rules for the implementation of the new 36 Guidelines. And I believe that these two documents will help boost the development of the nonpublic sector.
目前不存在所谓“国进民退”的问题，同样也不存在“民进国退”的问题。应该说，30多年的改革开放，国有经济和个体私营经济都有了很大的发展。对于国有经济的发展，今天我不想着重去谈。单就你提到的所谓民营经济的发展。在全国的固定资产投资当中，民间投资已经超过50%。在工业企
业当中，无论从数量、产值、资产总量还是就业人数，都超过了国有企业，这是一个事实。
I don’t think we have such problem as state-owned enterprises forging ahead while the privately held enterprises falling behind. Nor do we have the opposite problem in China. In the past 30 years and more of China’s reform and opening up, we should recognize that big development has been achieved in both the public sector and the nonpublic sector of the Chinese economy. I don’t want to spend too much time on talking about the public sector at the press conference today. Just with respect to the nonpublic sector that you mentioned in your question, I would like to point out that now the private investment has accounted for over 50% in the total fixed asset investment nationwide. And in the development of industries in China, those privately-held enterprises have been growing faster than their state-owned counterparts in terms of the number of businesses, their output value, total assets and pay rolls. This is a fact that we must recognize.
国有经济虽然比重降低，但它依然掌握着国家经济命脉。国有企业在不断深化改革，特别是通过股份制建立现代企业制度，也吸收了大量的社会资本和民间资本，这样也有利于国有经济的发展。
The proportion of the public sector in the total economy is declining. However, the public sector still takes the life line of the national economy. The state-owned enterprises are now deepening their reform, they have introduced the joint stock system and modern cooperate system. They have also attracted and received large amount of nongovernmental capital investment. All these are in the interest of the healthy development of the public sector.
我们一定要坚持两个毫不动摇，促进国有经济与民营经济共同发展。谢谢。
We will continue to pursue our policy of “Two Unswervinglies” and we will strive for the common development of both the public sector and the private sector of the economy. Thank you!
俄通-塔斯社记者:
总理您好。我在中国工作已经18年了，我非常喜欢中国，也习惯了在中国的生活。但是最近发现物价变贵了，请问通货膨胀的原因是什么？很多俄罗斯的媒体都称赞中国政府采取的应对国际金融危机措施。他们说这些措施让中国与其他国家相比受到的金融危机影响较小，您是否同意这个看法？谢谢。
I’m with the Interfax of Russia. I have worked in China for 18 years. I like this country very much and hope to continue to live here. Well, recently we have seen much change in the consumer prices in China. I would like to ask: what is the cause for inflation? Many Russian media organizations have spoken highly of the measures taken by the central government in countering the international financial crisis. They say that it is because of these measures that China has been on
e of the least affected countries during the financial crisis. Do you agree with this view?
温家宝:
你的问题重点在第二问，因此我先回答你的第二问。在国际金融危机当中，中国受到了巨大的冲击。国际金融危机对实体经济影响很大，如果我们回想2008年底到2009年上半年，当时国际贸易下降26%，而中国的出口要占到GDP的近1/3，波罗的海指数一度跌到零。我到深圳集装箱厂去考察，连一个集装箱的订单都没有。我们最低的GDP跌幅达到3.8%，不少企业停业，大批农民工返乡。在这种情况下，我们实施了包括四个方面内容的一揽子计划。这就是：大规模的财政投入和结构性的减税，使企业恢复活力；大范围地提高社会保障的水平，使民生继续稳定和改善；大力度地推进科技支撑，使经济充满后劲；同时大强度地推进企业的结构调整，特别是发展新兴战略产业。所有这些都不是单一的解决眼前的问题，而是着眼于长远的发展方向。我们实施4万亿的投资，关于投资比例我在《政府工作报告》中已经详细阐述了。你问的问题的要害就是所谓国际金融危机对中国冲击小。我跟你讲，事非经过不知难。我们经过这样的努力，使中国在世界上率先回升向好，从而避免经济建设遭受重大的挫折。这一点是举世公认的。至于通货膨胀，我方才已经多次讲过，这次通货膨胀是国际范围内的，在新兴国家，CPI都达到8%以至10%。原因我也已经分析了，我们注意在抑制通货膨胀中，要管好货币。也就是说要减少货币的流动性，从根本上消除通货膨胀的基础。谢谢你。
As a matter of fact, the international financial crisis has exerted a huge impact on China. It has exerted a big impact on the real economy. We may recall that between the end of 2008 and the first half of 2009, global trade tumbled by 26% and Chinese exports also fell substantially. The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) once dropped to I paid an inspection trip to a container port in Shenzhen, the local manager told me that not a single order was received. At the certain point, the Chinese GDP fell to as low as 3.8% in its growth, a large number of businesses had to close and a large number of rural migrant workers had to go back to their home villages. It is under such tough circumstances that we adopted a stimulus package that has four key components. They include: we massively increased government investment and conducted structural tax cuts so as return the businesses to growth. Second, we improved the social security system in order to stabilize and improve the people’s livelihood. Third, we vigorously promoted science and technology advances to sustain the momentum of China’s economic development. And fourth, we carried out massive structural adjustments in Chinese businesses and in particular encourag
ed the growth of strategic emerging industries. All these stimulus measures are designed to not only address immediate problems but also ensure China’s long term development. The government introduced a 4 trillion RMB yuan investment plan, and as to the proportion of the expenditure under this plan on the part of the government, I have already given a detailed explanation in my government report work. I think the very crux of your question is about the impact of the financial crisis on the Chinese economy whether the impact is a small one. Well, I would like to say that a person who has not experienced the difficulty will not be able to fully appreciate the gravity of the difficulty itself. It is with very hard efforts that we managed to make the Chinese economy one of the first in the world to achieve a recovery and rebound and avoid serious setbacks in China’s economic development. I think these achievements of China on this front have been widely recognized. With respect to the inflation issue that you raised, as I said before, inflation now is a global issue. Some emerging economies experienced 8% or even 10% of CPI rise. And I have already explained our views on what are the causes for such inflation. I would like to in particular stress that in managing inflation expectation and fighting inflation, we will appropriately manage the currency environment and particular to mop up excess liquidity, because that way we will be able to root out the fundamental cause for inflation. Thank you!
李肇星：
时间已经超过中午12点，为了让更多的记者朋友有机会提问，经请示总理，我们记者会的时间再延长十来分钟。
It’s already past 12 but to give more journalists more opportunities to ask questions, I have solemnly consent to the Premier to extend the press conference by about 10 minutes.
新加坡《联合早报》记者：
我们想请问关于“十二五”规划的问题。我们留意到中国的知识界对于“十二五”规划给予了很高的评价，认为它为中国的未来指明了更好的方向。但是中国有一句话叫知易行难。转变经济增长方式这个概念早从上个世纪90年代中期就一直提到今天，请问温总理，您认为“十二五”规划要得到真正地实施，真正地贯彻落实，最难的地方在哪里？
I’m with Lianhe Zaobao of Singapore. My question is also about the 12th Five-year Plan. We have seen that the academic community has spoken highly of this plan, holding the view that it charts the future course for China’s development. But we also know that as a Chinese saying goes “it is easy to identify a problem but it’s not easy to act on it”. Actually, the concept of transforming the economic development pattern has been repeatedly mentioned ever since the middle of the 1990s. So my question is: Mr. Premier, what poses the biggest difficulty in ensuring the effective implementation of the 12th Five-year
Plan?
温家宝:
你提到转变发展方式知易行难，最难难在什么地方？我以为难在两个方面：一是观念；一是创新机制和干部考核的标准。所谓创新机制，其实决定一个国家发展的主要在教育和科技。我一直强调，中国的振兴不单在经济总量，而根本在人才和科技进步，并且要建立和完善鼓励科技进步、人才成长的机制。通过改革促进产学研的结合，我以为有两个数字比GDP更为重要，一是教育经费占国民经济的比重；一是研发经费占生产的比重。这两条就决定了我们这个民族和国家的创新力量，这才是最有力、最持久、最可靠的发展因素。所谓观念，就是要彻底转变唯GDP的观念。推动经济社会发展，改善人民生活，需要不断地增加经济总量，但是这种总量的增加是不能以过度地消耗资源、能源和污染环境为代价。那样不仅不可持续，而且会给我们子孙后代造成影响。与它相关的就是干部政绩的考核。我以为对干部政绩的考核，最重要的不仅要看一个地区的经济总量，而且要看经济与社会发展的协调，社会事业的发展和社会的进步，公平正义和人民生活的改善。如果不彻底从根本上解决这两条，我们现在制定的计划也是难以实现的。谢谢。
We have set the target of transforming China’s economic development pattern as you rightly put in your question. It’s easy to identify a problem but it’s difficult to act on it. You asked what poses the biggest difficulty in achieving this objective. I think I can give you a two-fold answer: First, I think we must transform our mindset. And second, I believe it is essential for us to boost the innovation capabilities and in particular related aspect that is we must set out the right criteria in evaluating the performance of government officials in pursuing China’s development. With respect to the mechanisms for enhancing our innovation capability, I would like to say that I believe education, science and technology development play an essential role in pursuing overall development in China. I have always emphasized that to achieve China’s revitalization, it is not just about how big the economy is. It is also about and more importantly about the quality of our human resources and how much progress we have made in science and technology development. In this aspect, we must establish and improve our institutional arrangement for science and technology advances and cultivation of talents. It is important that we carry out reform to combine the efforts of the industry, the academia and research institutions. I believe two figures are actually even more important than the GDP, One is the proportion of expenditure on education in GDP and the other is the proportion of research and development expenditure in GDP. Both concern the innovation capabilities of our country. And th
e both can offer the strongest and most reliable source of China’s sustained development. With respect to transforming our mindset, it is important that we should no longer worship GDP. Actually, to promote our social progress and improve people’s livelihood, it is important to grow the economy on one hand, but at the same time, our economic growth must not come at the expense of resource and energy depletion or environmental pollution, because that kind of development is not sustainable and will bring adverse impact to our children and grandchildren. The related aspects, that is the evaluation system for government, official’s performance, we must ensure that in evaluating their performance, we not only take into account the economic aggregates at local level but also take into account whether there is coordinated economic and social development, whether social fairness and justice has been promoted and whether the people are leading a better life. If we cannot address these above-mentioned areas, it would be difficult for us to ensure the full implementation of our plan. Thank you!
新华社和中国新华新闻电视网记者：
总理您好。去年农民收入的增长是27年来首次超过了城镇居民。请问总理，这是否意味着在扭转城乡差距扩大的进程中出现了一个拐点？“十二五”时期能否保持住这种变化的趋势？谢谢。
I’m with Xinhua News Agency and China Xinhua News Network Cooperation. Last year that was for the first time in 20 years we saw that farmer’s incomes grew faster than urban incomes. Does that indicate a reversal of the widening income gap between urban and rural areas in China and will this momentum continue this year?
温家宝：
应该说这些年来，农民的收入有大幅度的增长，到去年达到5119块，增长幅度超过10%，也超过了城镇居民收入的增长幅度，这是一个可喜的现象。农民收入的增长大致是三个来源。第一是农产品，或者说是叫农业收入。我们在2006年全部免除了农业税，当年中央财政的补贴就达到1326亿元。与此同时，我们开始对农民实行生产补贴，每年的补贴额超过1200亿元。此外，我们在农村实行了免费的9年义务制教育，并且对贫困地区和贫困家庭的孩子，免除了书本费和住宿费。在中等职业学校，我们还特别规定，来自农村的孩子和学农专业的孩子全部免费。这些都是农民收入增长的一个重要因素。但是更为主要的，就是我们消除了农民进城的歧视。现在农民进城务工的多达2.42亿人，农民的工资性收入占到50%。第三是部分农民还有财产性收入。农民收入应该说有了很大的提高，但是我们不能盲目乐观，农业基础还不够巩固，农民收入增长也还不够稳定。农民收入的增长是我们实现社会公平，特别是收入分配公平的一个极为重要的方面。为此，
我们还要做出极大的努力。比如，我们前几年农产品的价格提高了20%-40%，今年在这个基础上，我们实行的最低收购价继续大幅提升。我们正在贯彻关于积极稳妥地实行户籍制度改革，让符合条件的农民工进城落户。同时，着力解决农民工生活和工作存在的问题，包括培训、子女上学和社会保障。所有这些我觉得都会进一步提高农民的收入。
In recent years, the farmer’s incomes in China have been rising fairly fast. Last year, farmer’s income reached 5,919 RMB yuan. And for the first time, it increased faster than urban income. It rose by over 10%. This is indeed encouraging. There are three main sources of the farmer’s income: First, in 2006, we fully rescinded agricultural taxes, and for that year, the central government allocated 132.6 billion yuan for this purpose. At the same time, we have raised the production subsidies for farmers and this year, the figure will exceed 120 billion RMB yuan. In the rural areas, we have introduced the free 9-year compulsory education. We have exempted the textbook fees and expenditures for living on campus for rural poor students. Moreover, the secondary vocational education has been made free of charge for rural students and students who have agriculture-related majors. This is an important source of increasing farmer’s income. Second, and which is also more important aspect, is that now the farmers no longer face discrimination in choosing to migrate to work in the cities. Now we have about 242 million rural migrant workers on working in the cities. And their wage income now accounts for about 50% of their total income. And third, some farmers also receive property income. Well, all these are important aspects in raising the farmer’s incomes. And it is important that we must not be over optimistic in this aspect, because our agricultural foundation is not yet solid, and we have yet to put the increase of farmer’s income on the steady course. To continue to raise the farmer’s income is a very important aspect of our effort to address the income distribution and equality and a lot of efforts remain to be done on this front. For example, in the past several years, the prices of agricultural products have risen by 20% to 40%, and this year we will build on that bases and continue to raise the minimum purchase prices of some grains. At the same time, we will take active and steady steps to reform the household registration system so that those rural migrant workers that meet certain eligibility requirements will become urban residents. At the same time, we will also address the rural migrant worker’s needs in their life and work, including training the schooling of their children and their social security coverage. And I believe with implementation of all these measures, we will continue to see increase in rural income.
温家宝：
最后，在座的有日本记者吗？
Do we
have Japanese journalists present here today?
我想说几句话，我不是让你提问啊。
Not to give you an opportunity to ask question but I just want to say a few words here.
三天以前，日本遭受了历史上罕见的特大地震灾害，给日本人民的生命财产造成了巨大的损失。我想借此机会，向在这次灾难中遇难的日本人民表示深切的哀悼，向全体日本人民表示诚挚的慰问。中国也是一个多地震的国家，我们感同身受。在汶川发生特大地震的时候，日本政府派了救援队，并且给中国以物资上的支援。我们的救援队昨天已经到达日本，我们运送的救灾物资也到达了日本。我们将根据日本的需要，愿意继续提供必要的帮助。请你代为转达。
Actually, I have a message that I hope you will convey to the Japanese people. Japan was hit by a devastating earthquake 3 days ago. The earthquake has inflicted an enormous life and property loses. So I want to use today’s opportunity to extend our deep condolences to the lost lives in this disaster and to express our sincere sympathies to the Japanese people. China is also a country that is prone to earthquake disasters, and we fully empathize with how the Japanese people feel now. When the massive earthquake hit Wenchuan of China, the Japanese government sent a rescue team to China and also offered rescue supplies. The Chinese rescue team arrived in Japan yesterday. And we have provided relief supplies to the Japanese side and we will provide more in light of the needs of the Japanese side.
李肇星：
感谢温总理，也感谢张璐译员，也感谢各位记者朋友，总理记者见面会到此结束。再见!
Thank you, Mr. Premier!