王若平2010长难句
余年寄山水
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2020年07月30日 16:24
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姥字组词-迫切的意思
1. We must probably discard the at one time widely accepted view that if once life had come into the universe in any way whatsoever, it would rapidly spread from planet to planet and from one planetary system to another until the whole universe teemed with life.
我们或许必须抛弃曾一时广为大家所接受的观点，即一旦生命无论以任何方式在宇宙中出现，它都会从一个行星迅速地扩展到另一行星，从一个行星系蔓延到另一个行星系，直到整个宇宙都充满生命为止。（if once一旦; teem with充满）
2. It is already clear that “the next best thing to being there” is going to be a picture phone call.
显然，仅次于面谈的办法是打一个视频电话。
3. The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fine principles of political economy and some on poor ones.
欧盟是不完善的机构，它的一些举措是基于正确的政治经济原则之上的，而另一些却远非如此。（复合结构扩展成句子。复合结构作状语可以不用with。cf: Our teacher comes into the classroom, book under arm. 老师进了教室，腋下夹了一本书。）
4. In cyberspace, communities are chosen by the users, not forced on them by accidents of geography.
在网络空间，用户自愿参加某个团体，而不是因为地理位置的巧合被迫参加某个团体。
5. United we stand；divided we fall.
团结则存，分裂则亡。(伴随)
6. Be all that you can be.
尽你所能
成就你能力范围内的一切。
7. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most 003
如果你是男人，你会指出，大多数诗人和科学家都是男性的; 如果你是妇女，你会反驳说，大多数罪犯也都是男性的。
8. If I went abroad, I’d travel round the country as much as I could and try to get as many people as possible, not only to practice the language on but to have discussions with and I’d hope to make some real friends.
如果我出国，会尽量多地游览这个国家，设法尽可能多地结识一些人，不仅以他们作为语言实践对象，而且要和他们讨论问题。我希望结识一些真正的朋友。（并列平行结构的典范：句与句之间; 谓语动词和谓语动词之间；不定式短语之间）
9. History is made up of facts, but also of opinions; it is not only what actually happened, but also what people who know what happened think about past events. (29 words)
历史是由事实组成的，也是由观点组成的。它不仅仅是实际上已发生的事件，同时也是知情人对事件的看法。
10. Humans have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt
to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
要点：by介词短语作状语,修饰谓语have distinguished。To observe and understand…and then either to adapt…or to control and adapt…是并列的动词不定式短语,作定语,修饰ability。In doing so是介词短语作状语,修饰ensured,表示方式；so是副词,等于in this way。
译文：人类能够观察和认识周围的环境，尔后或是去适应环境，或是按照自己的需要控制和改变环境。这种能力使人类与其他动物区别开来,从而使人类得以生存。
11. This process, difficult and complex as it is, is simple compared to the job of discovering that new kinds of corn could be developed, or to the job of discovering how to develop them.
这个过程虽然困难而又复杂，但是与研究培育玉米新品种和找出育种方法相比就简单得多了。（as的用法; it译实了；状语翻译到动词前）
12. The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best. (47 words)
一些语言学家的共同见解是，每一种语言都是使用该语言的民族用以表达思想的完美载体。这一观点在某些方面与曼彻斯特经济学派的观点，即供给与需求会将一切调节至尽美尽美，有异曲同工之妙。
13. At school the student needs to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surrounding.
在学校中，学生需要有系统地扩大知识，掌握足够的科学词汇，以便有效地进行交流，还需要懂得一些诸如对（增进）健康、（保障）安全以及了解周围环境等有用的常识，因为这些常识在日常生活中是十分重要的。
14. They conquer who believe they can.
译文：相信自己能够取得胜利的人取得胜利。
15. And ultimately, as the parable of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of our own demise, losing ourselves, as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.
最终正如松手与握拳的寓意所表示的那样，我们自己也得走向不可抗拒的死亡，失去我们自己，可以说失去我们以往曾经有过的或梦想的一切。
16. There is indeed an important, though often neglected, difference between Chinese and English in negation - negation in way of thinking and in mode of speaking.
要点：important和它所修饰的difference之间插入一个状语从句“though often neglected”，though后省略了it is。破折号后的negation是前面negation的
同位语，补充说明否定的方向。
译文：的确，汉语和英语在思维方法和说话方式的否定上有着重要的差异，尽管这种差异往往被忽略。
17. Man has achieved remarkable success in the field of astronautics the ultimate goal and purpose of which is to gain for man himself access to space and to other worlds.
人类在宇航方面已经取得惊人的成就，宇航的最终目标和意图就是使人类能够亲自进入太空并到达其他星球。
18. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.
图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育反过来促进了图书馆的发展。知识的增长遵循了一种复利的原则。由于印刷术的发明，这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。（add to—libraries; follow—law; invention of printing; 被动语态的翻译，增词，定语从句）
19. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.
要点:主语为不定式短语to understand the width and depth，to which引导定语从句修饰the width and depth，该定语从句中的problems又被that引导的定语从句修饰。谓语是requires，宾语是an understanding。What从句为名词性从句，作of的介词宾语。
译文:要了解科学可以在多大的广度和深度上解决个人和国家所面临的物质和精神方面的问题，就需要了解科学究竟是什么。
20. We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
我们没有意识到工作提供的心理满足程度究竟有多大，这种满足能将充实生活与空虚生活区分开来。（增词，定义从句的分译，写作）
21. Yet members of the nation’s present educational and cultural elite still cling to the notion that the United States belongs to some vaguely defined entity (that) they refer to as “Western civilization，” by which they mean， presumably， a civilization created by people of Europe， as if Europe can even be viewed as completely uninfluenced by the rest of the world.
要点: notion后的that直至句尾为同位语从句。在同位语从句内，entity为定语从句they refer to as “Western civilization”所修饰。而Western civilization又被by which引导的定语从句修饰，该定语从句又带了由as if引导的一个方式状语从句。在该状语从句中as后接过去分词短语，作主语补足语。注意as后可接名词和形容词两类作补语，而分词属于形容词类。cling to坚持；refer to sb. ［sth.］ as称某人［物］为。
The peasants used to refer to that la
of well-trained professionals in search of a life, any life, in 003
使第三世界国家付出同样高昂代价的是受过良好训练的专业人员络绎不绝地流入美国谋生，过什么样的生活都行。
31. Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it 003
科学家们希望，一里我们能发现大脑的工作原理，我们就会更好地运用我们的大脑。
32. Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first 003
谎言不仅不能提供鼓吹“仁慈”欺骗的人们所希望的那种“帮助”，还侵犯了病人的自主权，使他们不能对有关自己健康的问题做出明智的判断，包括是否就医这一首要的选择。
33. Into this area of industry came millions of Europeans who made of it what became known as the “melting pot”, the fusion of people from many nations into Americans.
数以百万计的欧洲人来到这个工业区，使之成为人所共知的“熔炉”，将来自各国的人融合成美国人。（顺序令人费解）
34. The progress of science depends upon many factors, and not least among these is the existence of satisfactory arrangements for the rapid exchange of new ideas and experimental results between research workers having similar interest.
要点：这是一个并列复合句。第二分句是倒装结构，主语existence置后，以便靠近很长的修饰语；谓语是is not least，not least意为“相当重要”。分词短语having… interest作定语，修饰workers。
译文：科学的进步取决于很多因素，其中的重要因素之一，就是对兴趣相同的研究人员之间新思想和实验成果的快速交流做出令人满意的安排。
35. Dull as a student may be， and difficult as a subject may seem to be at first sight， he will find the study become easier or at least less difficult， if he can persevere and does not neglect it.
要点：这个句子的难点是as的用法，在as引导的让步状语从句中要用倒装顺序。dull as a student may be＝though a student may be dull；difficult as a subject may seem to be at first sight＝though a subject may seem to be difficult at first sight。
译文：即使学生不聪明，功课最初看起来很难，如果他能坚持不懈，努力去做的话，他就会感到学习越来越容易，至少不会那样难了。
36. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.
要点：否定
词nor放在句首时，主谓倒装。is放到了主语management前。同时，if引导的条件状语从句置于nor与句子的其他成分之间，造成了句子的割裂状态。条件状语从句中as desirable... as the writing...可视为同级比较结构。句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词thinkers，可采用合译的方法翻译。be blamed for为固定短语，意为“因…而受指责”。in favor of ...在句中做状语。
译文：假如科学研究的规律性和与标准模式的一致性像科学家的论文反映的那么理想，那么管理者们也不应该为歧视研究者中的“怪人”，而喜欢善于合作的按常规思维的人受指责。
37. It never occurred to him that parts of the day have different meanings in different 003
他从来没想到过一天内的各段时间在文化背景不同的国家里竟有着不同的意义。
38. To comprehend a man’s life it is necessary to know not merely what he does, but also what he purposely leaves undone.
想要了解一个人的一生，不仅要知道这个人做过什么事，还要了解他刻意放弃的事。(it的用法)
39. As the century developed，the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, technique and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
要点：主句中主语为magnitude，complexity和interconnection。谓语是made，it是形式宾语，impossible是宾语补足语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语for the... scientist to deal with...，that引出定语从句修饰data, technique and equipment。
译文：随着本世纪时间的推移，有待解决的问题的数量和复杂程度在不断增加，不同学科之间的联系也不断增强，这就在很多情况下使得科学家不可能独自处理为精确而有效率地从事科学研究所需的大量新数据、新技术和新设备。
40. Yet if we so love ourselves， reflected in our children， why is it so terrifying to so many of us to think of seeing our exact genetic replicas born again， identical twins years younger than we?
要点it为形式主语，to think of... 为真正主语。identical twins years younger than we为replica的同位语。
译文然而， 如果我们如此爱恋在子女身上映现出来的自我， 那为什么我们当中有这么多人， 一想到将目睹与我们完全一样的基因复制品、比自己年轻许多的双胞胎降生的时候，就会感到如此惊恐?
41. No film character has ever been more widely 003
从没有任何电影角色受到过更为广泛的喜爱。
42. Nothing reveals more quickly the kind of person you are than the thing you talk 003
你所谈论的事情能最快地揭示你的为人。
43
. Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.
当然我之所以教书，并不是因为我觉得教书容易。我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我满腹学问，禁不住与他人分享。（否定转移）
44. In 1600 the earth was not the centre of the universe because the majority then supposed it was.
在1600年，地球并不是因为那时大多数人都认为它是宇宙的中心，而成了宇宙的中心。
45. One can’t be too careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.
因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以做出决定时无论怎样谨慎都不会过分。
46. We will not behave in foreign places, so as to violate our rules and standards here at home, for we know that this trust which our nation earns is essential to our strength.
我们在国外的行为不可违反我们在国内的规则和标准，因为我们知道，我们国家赢得的这种信誉对我们的力量来说很重要。
47. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese.
但在我找到的每本书里，几乎每个句子都有一个甚至几乎全部的单词我根本不认识。
48. The expression is well known to many students of English, but is far too good not to be quoted here.
要点：本句为双重否定结构，双重否定的形式表示肯定含义。英语中经常用的双重否定式有：too...not to (infinitive不定式), never... but..., cannot... without, never too... to..., cannot too...to, not...never..., not without..., not...out of。如：For that matter, I canue10bt think of my husband without thinking of it.（因此，我一想起我的丈夫，就免不了想到它。）
译文：这种表达方法对学英语的很多同学来说都很熟悉，但它太棒好了，不妨在这里再重提一次。
49. A book may be compared to your neighbor, if it be good, it can not last too long; if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.
要点: can not...too结构和 can not...overdo 结构表示“再…也不过分”，起强调作用，相当于 “It is impossible to overdo...”或“No matter how much more you do, you will never overdo it.”不用not而用hardly，scarcely，impossibly也可以。又如：It is impossible to speak in terms of too high praise of his merits.无论怎样赞扬他的功绩也不过分。为了表达清楚,翻译时条件句if bad中的省略部分可补上。
译文：一本书好比你的邻居，若是好书，读的时间再久也不嫌长；若是坏书，丢弃得越早越好。
50. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.
译文：独自旅行时，如果没有了食物
，受伤了或者生病了，通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。
要点：直译的话，应该说人们“没有其他地方，只有……”可得到帮助，但这样写的话显得冗长而且费解，这里根据句意，译为“只能向……求助”就比较准确了。“turn”的用法比较灵活，意思很多，这里依据上下文，译为“向……求助”。
51. Neither do we know how the universe begin, nor how it will end — if, indeed, it ends at all.
要点：否定词neither放在句首引起部分倒装，与其并列平行的nor后省略了“do we know”。if和it ends at all之间插入了副词indeed，it指代universe。
译文：我们不知道宇宙是如何起源的，如果真有宇宙末日，我们也不知道它将会如何终结。
52. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence， but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
要点：这是一个由but连接的并列句，but后的分句省略了和前面重复的such a conclusion can be drawn， 两个only if引导了隶属于这个被省略的主句的条件从句。第一个条件句包含一个由with whom引出的定语从句；第二个条件句包含一个由which引出的定语从句。
译文：总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定把握的，但是必须具备两个条件，即假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比较的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而受惩罚。
2010年春季难句翻译（下）
53. Some books are to be tasted, others（are） to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others (are) to be read, but (are) not (to be read) curiously; and some few (are) to be read wholly, and (are to be read) with diligence and attention.
要点：该句为并列句，且that is 前后又分别都是并列句。that is前三个并列分句以两个逗号连接，that is后三个并列的分句以两个分号连接。由于句式相同，分句中多处省略了are和to be read。该句补全为：Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others (are) to be read, but (are) not (to be read) curiously; and some few (are) to be read wholly, and (are to be read) with diligence and attention. 该句出自英国散文家培根的名篇《论学习》。省略使句子简洁、紧凑，对比鲜明，信息集中，具有名言警句的特色。注意：others如前面有the则表示“其他的”，如没有the则表示“一些”，本句属于后一种情况；curiously：好奇地，仔细地。
译文：书有可浅尝者，有
可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
54. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authorsue10b minds ages ago.
要点：which引导定语从句修饰great thoughts，在该定语从句中包含比较结构as... as... 第二个as为连词，后省略了they were fresh。of no account意为“不重要的, 无价值的”
译文：对伟大的思想来说，时间是无关紧要的。那些思想直到今日，仍然和往昔在其创始者的头脑中最初出现时一样，依旧很新鲜。
55. Had Lincoln lived, it might well be that his postwar policies would have brought criticism upon him that would have tarnished his 003
如果林肯还活着的话，他的战后政策也许很可能会给他带来有损他名望的批评。
56. He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were 003
他以一种吃惊、不满的神态打量着我，就像一位上校打量着一位没有系好靴带的士兵一样。
57. Uncontrolled deforestation is usually a symptom of a society’s inability to cope with other fundamental problems, such as unemployment, rapid population growth and the incapacity to regulate private enterprise to protect the public interest.
无节制地滥伐森林通常标志着一个社会没有能力处理诸如失业、人口的快速增长等其他基本问题，也无力规范私人企业以保护公众利益。（Uncontrolled deforestation; symptom标志）
58. In recent years, there’s been a rebirth of a number of downtown areas, as suburbanites, especially young married couples, have moved into the city to avoid roads filled with traffic between the suburbs and the cities every morning and evening.
近年来，随着郊区居民，特别是年轻夫妻，为避免每天早晚奔波在交通拥挤的城郊道路上而搬到城里去住，不少闹市区又重新诞生了。（主句和从句相比较而言，从句在前主句在后。在句子内部，同位语顺序不变，定语在名词前，状语在动词前。省译）
59. It is our hope that the book will provide a sound basis in contemporary inorganic chemistry for the new generation of students and will stimulate their interest in a field in which trained personnel are still exceedingly scarce in both academic and industrial laboratories.
我们希望本书能为新一代的大学生在现代无机化学方面打下一个坚实的基础，并引起他们对这个领域的兴趣，目前这一领域中无论是大学实验室还是企业实验室仍然非常缺乏受过专业培训的人员（人才）。（that引导的是主语从句）
60. In the “soap war” between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is made of statistics to measure the
dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.
要点：此句结构比较复杂，但主句很简单，主语为use，谓语为is made。主句正常语序为tremendous use of statistics is made to..., to measure...作目的状语，resulting from...为现在分词短语作difference的后置定语。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰advertising。so that引导一个结果状语从句。plus为介词，意为“加上”。soap war 为“肥皂广告大战”。
译文：在宝洁和联合利华两家企业之间的“肥皂大战”中，双方就大量使用了统计学手段来测量由相应的广告投入所引起的市场上的动态差异，广告在售前的生产成本中的比例如此之高，以致他们把生产成本看作是生产费用与广告费用之和。
61. The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.
要点：本句为不同事物的两种性质的比较。结构为：A is to B what C is to D。what 作连词用，意思是“恰似”、“好比”。to 是介词，表示“对于” 的意思。本结构也可以转换成A is to B as C is to D，将what 换成as，表达的意思不变。
译文：笔对于作家好比枪对于战士。
62. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
要点：bring forth(使产生)和a new nation之间被on this continent分隔。conceived（产生、创立）和dedicated修饰a new nation。a new nation的修饰成分因为较长，所以置后，译成汉语的独立分句并重复“这个国家”。
译文：八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创建了一个新国家。这个国家以自由为立国之本，并奉行人人生来平等的原则。
63. In this connection we have to bear always in mind that Chinese and English are two entirely different languages, each having its own usage and idiom, its own grammar and stylistic devices, its own cultural and social background.
要点：in this/that connection意思是“with reference to this/that”“关于这（那）一点”。bear in mind that记住。each having... 为分词的独立结构，表示伴随的情况。
译文：在这一点上，我们应该时时记住的是，英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言，各有各的习惯用法，各有各的语法手段和文体手段，各有各的社会文化背景。
64. Work is therefore desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days.
要点：本句的前半句为主