2015英语考研真题
余年寄山水
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2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题 SectionIUseofEnglish Directions:thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points) Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstaenlycan’tremember___1___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,rain___2___,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."___3___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)___4___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___5___. Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’___6___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___7___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___8___.Thinkingisessentiallya___9___tainextent,ourabilityto___10___inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.___11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___12___mentaleffort. Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___13___anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___. TheWeb-basedprogram___15___gramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___portantly,it ___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.
1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why
2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses
3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While
4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure
5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook
6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures
7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations
8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion
9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process
10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature
11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However
12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof
13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around
14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility
15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows
16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace
17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on
18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually
19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take
20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA Directions:thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,uranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points) Text1 Inorderto"changelivesforthebetter"andreduce"dependency"GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe"upfrontworksearch"thejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitan
uldbemorereasonable? illnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance."Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon."heclaimed."We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster."Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"reforms"toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,tivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor"fundamentalfairness"—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.
Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,nanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrnownotwanted;yousupportisminimaland nownotwanted;youarenowexclud,thecrucionenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob. ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanent dependencyifyoucangetit—though20yearsofever-tougherrncipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofeveryphrase"jobseeker’sallowance"—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa"jobseeker"whohadnomandatoryrighttoabend,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited"allowance,"conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.
Osborne’sschemewasintendedto
[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.
[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.
[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.
[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.
ase,"tosignon"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans
[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.
[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.
[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.
[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.
omptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?
[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.
[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.
[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.
[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers. ingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel
[A]uneasy
[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes.[C]anexampleofbankers’investments.[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.
ticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit
[
A]theprofit-orientedscientists.
[B]thefoundersofthenewawards.
[C]theachievement-basedsystem.
[D]peer-review-ledresearch.
coveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves
[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.
[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.
[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes.
[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings. ingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?
[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.
[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.
[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.
[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.
horbelievesthatthenowawardsare
[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.
[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.
[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.
[D]unworthyofpublicattention.
Text4
"TheHeartoftheMatter,"thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocitably,however,thereport’sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood. In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAme
thecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism. erepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;urageinnovationand competition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents’abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementoortalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms. Unfortunately,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theillibmissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon’tknowtheconte,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda. Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclas
sicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation. reportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate. ingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?
[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant ntialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto
[A]retainpeople’sinterestinliberaleducation[B]definethegovernment’sroleineducation[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation
[C]Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largearesandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites. [D]ase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopan,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillagesandindiultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopancollapsed. [E]Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystemnetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowasurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields. [F]Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,harchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgsiftedthroughrubblate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEvancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,earchingfortinyengravedsealsattributedtothe’sinterpretationsoftheseengravingseventuallyledhimtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossos(Knossós)ontheislandofCrete,in1900. [G]Groundsurveysoundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,tenincludeacertainamountofologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,olthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresea
ldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving. SectionⅢWriting ions: Writealetterofabout100wordstothepresidentofyouruniversity,suggestinghowtoimprovestudents’physicalcondition. uldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET. "LiMing"ritetheaddress.(10points) ions: essay,youshould 1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments. YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET(20points)