阅读理解 英语
玛丽莲梦兔
826次浏览
2020年07月30日 16:41
最佳经验
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志的繁体字-篱墙
考纲透视
在35分钟内，按每分钟70个词的速度完成总词量为1000~1200词的四篇短文及短文后的问题和选项。
考试大纲要求考生：
掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；
了解说明文章中心思想的事实和细节；
既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的推理和判断；
考点解读
阅读理解的题材广泛，包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常生活、科普知识，风土人情等，但所涉及的背景知识应为学生所理解；文章的语言难度适中，无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，若超过教学大纲规定词汇表的范围，用汉语注明词义。
在近几年的试题中，科普文章所占比例最大，约为50%，其次是社会生活方面的文章，约为25%。
考试阅读体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等等，其中以说明文（约45%）和议论文（约40%）居多。
常考十二大题型及解题技巧
1.倒着考/反着考题型
所谓倒着考，就是将文章中的某一句话，倒着考一遍。命题模式为：文章中说B导致C；问题中问为什么会有C这一结果？答案应为：因为B。所谓反着考，即将文章中的某一句话，反过来考一遍。
例1：
During the hours when you labor through work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语)as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarreling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
Question:
Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A. Unawareness of energy cycles.
B. Familiar monologues.
C. A change in a family member’s energy cycle.
D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
这是一道极为典型的倒着考题目。最后一句话说：当丈夫和妻子意识到这些energy cycles 意味着什么，以及每一个家庭成员有怎样的 energy cycle 时，许多家庭争吵停止了。简而言之：明白了，不吵了。问：为什么吵架？答案也就非常简单了，即不明白。答案为A。
例2:
In fact, the analysis showed, normal children aged 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
Question:
According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _______ .
A. were less
isolated physically
B. were probably less self-centred
C. probably suffered less from anxiety
D. were considered less individualistic
Key: C
例3:
Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on.
For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatching is occurring between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.
Question:
Reading as a kind of conversation between the reader and the text becomes conscious only when ____ .
A. the reader’s expectations agree with what is said in the text
B. the reader has trouble understanding what the author says
C. the reader asks questions and gets answers
D. the reader understands a text very well
Key: B
例4:
Editor,
While a new school term is about to begin, perhaps we should reconsider the matter of examination. In July, two writers (Letters to the Editor) praised the cancellation of exams because they believe “tests don’t tell the whole story.”
As a teacher who has worked in four countries, I have had the experience that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student. And that a student’s final mark in a subject is usually a grade average of the year’s work. Of course there are exceptions, but they do not have the frequency that would give an unfair picture of a student’s ability.
The simple fact is that proper class work, diligent exam studies and good marks are almost certain indicators of a student’s future performance. The opposite, almost certainly, incompetent.
There is no acceptable substitute for competition and examination of quality. How could teachers and future officials determine what a student has learned and remembered should we simply take the students from fair and formal exams? It is misguided if not ignorant. And surely the “graduates” of such institutions will lack trustworthiness, not to mention being rejected by foreign universities for graduate or other studies.
When all is said and done, I sense that a fear of failure and a fear of unpleasant comparison with others is at the bottom of most ban-exams talks. Excellence and quality fear nothing. On the contrary, they seek competition and desire the satisfaction of being the best.
Question:
In the opinion of the author, why do some people insist on banning exams?
A. Because they think exams don’t tell the whole story.
B. Because they are afraid exams are not fair.
C. Because they are afraid of failure and being compared with others.
D. Because they think exams can not show what they have learned and remembered.
文中
提到 “I sense…” 显系作者的观点, 故选C。
例5：
And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climd the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
Question:
According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _____ .
A. less important than awareness of of being a good employee
B. as important as the ability to deal with public relations
C. more important than employer-employee relations
D. as important as the ability to cooperate with others in the organization
Key: A
例6：
Trees should only be pruned(修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reason is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.
1. Pruning may be done to _____.
A. make the tree grow taller
B. improve the shape of the tree
C. get rid of the small branch
es
D. make the small branches thicker
2. Trees become unhealthy if a gardener _____.
A. allows too many branches to grow in the middle
B. does not protect them from the wind
C. forces them to grow too quickly
D. damages some of the small side branches
3. A special substance is painted to the tree _____.
A. to make a wound smooth
B. to prevent disease entering a wound
C. to cover a rough surface
D. to help a wound to dry
4. A good gardener prunes a tree _____.
A. at intervals throughout the year
B. as quickly as possible
C. occasionally when necessary
D. regularly every winter
5. What was the writer’s purpose when writing this passage?
A. To give practical instructions for pruning a tree
B. To give a general description of pruning.
C. To explain how trees develop diseases.
D. To discuss different methods of pruning.
Key: 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B