2010年4月自考英美文学选读试题答案
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I． Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)
01-05:DDADA 06-10:BBDCB 11-15:BACDA 16-20:CACAD
21-25:BDADC 26-30:BCCBA 31-35:AADCA 36-40:BACCD
II. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)
41. A. Shelley & A Song : Men of England.
B. This poem was written in 1819, the year of the *Peterloo Massacre(彼得卢屠杀).
* 1819年8月16日发生在英国曼彻斯特圣彼得广场上的一场流血惨案。由于镇压这次集会的军队，有的曾参加过滑铁卢战役，群众乃讥称这次流血惨案为彼得卢屠杀。
C. It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.
42.A. It presents the meditation of an aging young man over the business of proposing marriage.
B. dramatic monologue
C. The poem is in a form of dramatic monologue, suggesting an ironic contrast between a pretended "Love Song" and a confession of the speaker's incapability of facing up to love and to life in a sterile upper-class world.
43A. Emily Dickinson
B. Entitled thus, the poem expresses Dickinson's anxiety about her communication with the outside world.)
C. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musical device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis.
44.A. the Jazz Age
B. A masterpiece in American literature, the Great Gatsby evokes a haunting mood of a glamorous, wild time that seemingly will never come again.
C. Gatsby's failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.
III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)
Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
45. At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton's fundamental concern with freedom and theme is the "Fall of Man," i.e. man's disobedience and the loss of the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton's creed.
46. The Songs of Innocence (1809) is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. His Songs of Experience (1794) paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. Childhood is central to Blake's concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.
47. The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American naturalism. Darwin, in his The Origin of Species (1859) and Descent of Man (1871), hypothesized that over the millennia man had evolved from lower forms of life. The American naturalists accepted the more negat
ive implications of this theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.
或In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.
48. Briefly state Mark Twain’ s magic power with language in his novels.
g: In the novel Mark Twain recreates a small-town world of America and presents the local color.
ge: He uses simple, direct language faithful to the colloquial speech, the vernacular language of the local people.
ter（s）: The author recreates two rebels and fugitives running away from civilization, especially Huckleberry Finn, an innocent boy who refuses to accept the conventional village morality.
: The novel is a criticism of social injustice, hypocrisy, conservativeness and narrow-mindedness of the American small town society.
: The novel employs a humorous style of narration and is also highly symbolic with the central symbol.
IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
49. A. He read Darwin's The Origin of Species and accepted the idea of "survival of the fittest." He was also influenced by Spencer's The First Principle, which led him to the belief that man's fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of "nature," both inside and outside. In his works, man is shown inevitably bound by his won inherent nature and hereditary traits which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with the environment. Man proves impotent before Fate, however he tries, and he seldom escapes his ordained destiny. This pessimistic view of life predominates most of Hardy's later works and earns him a reputation as a naturalistic writer.
B. His best local-colored works are his later ones, such as The Return of the Native (1878), The Trumpet Major (1880), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), The Woodlanders (1887), Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. These works, known as "novels of character and environment," are the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.
50. A. International themes:In almost all the stories and novels he wrote during this period, James treated with great care the clashes between tow different cultures and the emotional and moral problems of Americans in Europe, or Europeans in America. Nearly every work is important in its own way in terms of James's cultivation of the theme.
B. Representative works：Daisy Miller (1878), a novella about a young American girl who gets "killed" by the wint
er in Rome, brought James international fame for the first time.
The Portrait of A Lady (1881) is generally considered to be his masterpiece, which incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment.
C. Language:As to his language, James is not so easy to understand. He is often highly refined and insightful. With a large vocabulary, he is always accurate in word selection, trying to find the best expression for his literary imagination.
D. Style：Moreover, James's realism is characterized by his psychological approach to his subject matter. One of the James's literary techniques innovated to cater for this psychological emphasis is his narrative "point of view."
E. Summary：That is why James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th-chentury "stream-of-consciousness" novels and the founder of psychological realism.