汪国真去世-社会实践报告怎么写

第17 讲
Ex. 17A
1. John can type very fast.
2. I can answer the question now.
3. I could never understand a word he said.
4. No one could solve the problem.
5. What you say might be true.
6. Shall I open the window?
7. If you will come with us, we shall be delighted.
8. Would you have a seat?
9. Someone will put his coat on my peg.
10. Grandfather will sit looking at this view all day long.
11. I would hit the wrong key of the typewriter.
12. Grandfather should sit in that chair for hours.
13. You should read this book.
14. We must read it.
 15. You must not smoke here.
 16. Can you do this without help?
 17. Should we wait here?
18. We need not attend .
19. That will be the house we’re looking for.
20. That must be the one.

Ex. 17D
1. He may be doing his homework.
2. She may have forgotten to call me back.
3. Could you lend me five pounds until
tomorrow?
4. I wonder if I could leave now.
5. It might rain this evening.
6. Old Tom might have left San Diego.

7. If it should rain tomorrow, the football
match would be put off.
8. You should do as he says.
9. If you should change your mind, let me
know.
10. I’m surprised that he should have an
accident.
11. Shall I go with you?
12. You shan’t answer her back again.
13. You mustn’t violate the traffic regulation
again.
14. He must have got lost in the mountains.
15. You needn’t go and see her.
16. You should have written to her.
17. You should have helped her.
18. If you would change this car, I should be very grateful.
19. Would you mind shutting the door?
20. She shouldn’t have bought that house.
21. It’s odd that she should say that.
22. Don’t call him. He will be taking a nap.
23. Don’t write to him. He won’t be home now.
24. Don’t bother him. He will have heard the news.

25. A lion will attack people only when hungry.
26. What will you do after graduation?
27. Mary ought to be home by now.
28. You oughtn’t to have bought a new car.
29. He used to work in Shanghai, but now he is nowhere to be
found.
30. How dare you say that in the presence of the principal?


Ex. 17E
1. He may be working for Simons.
2. He may have been working for Simons.
3. He may be retiring next year.
4. He won’t be working now.
5. He will have heard it by now.
6. They may have been wondering what to do.
7. He can’t have lost.
8. They must be waiting.
9. That might be true.
10. She should be home by now already.
11. She may have left it at home.
12. I may have been mistaken.
13. You must have been disappointed.
14. She won’t hav3e heard the news yet.
15. There must have been a mistake.
16. He won’t be there.
17. He can’t be there.
18. He could not have made that mistake.
19. Will this be the one you want?
20. You will have been wondering all this time how it works.


Ex. 17F
1. may 3. might have 3. may have 4. possibly 5. possible 6. perhaps
7. might 8. can 9. may have had 10. could 11. might be

第18 讲
Ex. 18A
1. He is like to let you down.
2. Our team is certain to win.
3. There appears to be no doubt about it.
4. John happed to be the only witness.
5. I chanced to be out of London at the time.
6. John doesn’t seem to be coming after all.
7. We are not supposed to play football on Sundays.
8. He is supposed to have arrived at five.
9. He is sure to be there.
10. They are certain to need help.
11. I think it is going to rain.
12. How am I to pay my debts?
13. The new building is going to be six storeys high.
14. You are not to talk like that.
15. He is likely to see her.
16. You’ve got to be joking.
17. he tends to be stupid at times.
18. I fail to see what you mean.
19. We happened to be there by accident.
20. I chanced to meet him in the park.
21. He appeared to enjoy the concert.
22. They seemed not to notice it.
23. The swimmer failed to reach the shore.
24. We were to have been married in May.
25. the purse was not to be found.
26. He was never to see his wife or children again.
27. It’s going to be a long time before we can reduce our prices.
28. John is bound to be in the office.
29. None of us can say what our future is to be.
30. He did not fail to keep his word.

第20 讲
Ex. 20B
1. I am sorry to learn that he had had an accident.
2. You will be said to hear what I have to tell you.
3. they would be very surprised to received an invitation.
4. She is happy to have found such a nice place to live in.
5. I’m afraid to go past the haunted house alone.
6. Bob was pleased to he had been promoted.
7. I am very anxious to meet you.
8. We were delighted to receive your telegram.
9. You were sensible to stay indoors.
10. the clerk was prompt to answer the call.
11. This rule is easy to remember.
12. We are reluctant to leave this neighborhood.
13. Our house is difficult to heat.
14. Are you ready to leave?
15. You would be foolish to go out in this weather.
16. John is quick to see the point.
17. He is very keen to get on.
18. We are proud to have him as a friend.
19. I am rude not to answer your letter.
20. I am happy to have you with us this evening


Ex.20C
1. His decision to resign surprised all of us.
2. He showed no inclination to leave.
3. Her resolution never to marry baffled all offers of love.
4. The City Council approved the proposal to build a new dam on the river.
5. Their readiness to accept the peace arrangement really surprised the diplomatic
world.
6. He refused the invitation to write another article on the subject.
7. The people of a country should have the freedom to choose their own social
system.
8. There is no need for you to start so early.
9. I am not under the obligation to render him any financial support.
10. They have the ability to wage biological warfare.
11. He is not the man to be frightened by the threat of war.
12. There are plans to be made at once.
13. This is a day never to be forgotten.
14. Give me the names of the people to contact.
15. The next train to arrive is from Edinburgh.
16. The last problem to be considered at our next meeting is how to invest the money.
17. Was Cortes the first European ever to see the Pacific Ocean?

18. The best man to see for your eye trouble is the professor of ophthalmology.
19. The way to get into the building is to clip in through the kitchen.
20. the first man to fly non-stop across the Atlantic was John Alcock.

Ex.20D
1. Environmental problem is a hard problem to be coped
with.
2. There is not time to lose. We must start at once.
3. This is an infectious disease to be wiped out in a few
years.
4. There is no sound to be heard.
5. I’ve spent two days here. There’s nothing to see.
6. This is a good book in which there’s much to be learnt.
7. This is an item of information not to say to any other
people.
8. This is a difficult question to answer.
9. At the sound of footsteps outside the window, I stole
out of the room, but there was nothing to be seen.
10. He is a man to be reckoned with.
11. She was firm in her refusal to accept his offer of
marriage.
12. I have accepted the invitation to go to their school for
an exchange of experience.
13. I need a box to hold the chessmen.
14. What is here to be proud of?

15. He always thinks that the bed is a good place to read
detective stories.
16. I have a lot of questions to consider every day.
17. the only way to deal with her is not to give an inch.
18. She is not a woman to be trifled with.
19. My brother was the third person to be interviewed.
20. You have left me very little to say.

Ex.20E
a)
her neighbors supposed her to be widow.
2. He felt the plan to be unwise.
3. We must admit him to be a genius.
4. The Court declared the book to be obscene.
5. Teachers have found the overhead projector to be invaluable as a teaching aid.
6. The majority of critics thought the film to be highly original.
7. Many of the audience considered the speaker to have overstated his case.
8. Evidence showed the man’s alibi to be a complete fabrication.
9. The architect’s clients had assumed the construction of such a building to be
impracticable whereas the architect himself believed it to be perfectly feasible.
10. At a very early stage, Paderewski revealed himself to be a master of the keyboard.
11. Everyone knew him to be a man of integrity.
12. Detectives investigating the robbery discovered ￡20,000 worth of precious
stones to be missing.
13. Although most people once thought it to be impossible, several climbers have now
scaled the north face of the Eiger in winter.
14. Our correspondent understands it to be impossible for tourists to enter the country
at present.
15. Members of the Government itself acknowledge many of their predictions to have
been over-optimistic.

b)
16. The police believed that their informant was reliable.
17. Our correspondent reports that the situation is now under control.
18. The sitting member stated that it is unlikely that he would stand for Parliament at
the next election.

19. Many British people thought that it was cruel to send animals in rockets into outer
space.
20. Everyone assumed that what he said to be based on fact.
21. Pressed by shareholders for further details, the chairman confessed that it is likely
that profits would show a further fall.
22. On the other hand, he maintained that his long-term optimism be to justified.
23. The Prime Minister clearly suspect that his party has little chance of winning the
next election.
24. The climbers reckoned that the ascent had taken nearly five and a half hours.
25. The witness later disclosed that his evidence had been perjured.
26. Researchers have now proved that earlier theories were incorrect.
27. The Government calculated that the gain in reserves was has been somewhere in
the region of ￡30m.
28. The man was accused of receiving goods, knowing that they had been stolen.
29. A group of electors declared that their candidate was unacceptable to them.
30. Although many MPs felt the cost of the scheme to be excessive, they still
recognized that its implementation was desirable.



第21 讲
Ex.21B
1. The police hope to solve the crime soon.
2. The Minister of Labour readily agree to meet the union leaders.
3. He didn’t even acknowledge receiving having received the invitation.
4. The witness reported seeing having seen a dark saloon car parked outside the bank
at the time of the robbery.
5. I didn’t recall his saying having said any such thing.
6. The defeated champion swore to have his revenge.
7. The Company has decided to close down uneconomic factories.
8. The accused admitted receiving having received the stolen goods.
9. He claimed to be an expert in such matters.
10. The accused pretended not to understand the lawyer’s questions.
11. The headmaster suggested my trying the examination again the following year.
12. I don’t recollect actually promising to help you.
13. A group of MPs has advocated the Government setting up a special commission of
inquiry.
14. Do you anticipate there being any real problem in getting support?
15. The chairman threatened to resign if his policies were not adopted.
16. the student resolved to do better next time.
17. Sure he won’t deny being there on that occasion.
18. I vowed never to follow his advice again.
19. The management promised to look into the workers’ grievances.
20. No teacher would profess to know all the answers.

21. No one doubted his being sincere in his beliefs.
22. I can’t imagine his ever agreeing to such a proposition.
23. He admitted having made the same mistake again.
24. I hope to have read this book by next Friday.
25. Closing the factory means putting people out of work.


第23 讲
Ex. 23E
1. The Countess was amused at the young man’s discomfiture.
2. He was annoyed at the way she treated her servants.
3. Everybody was astonished at the young man’s outburst.
4. He was obviously not bothered with etiquette.
5. he was not contented with the reception they gave him.
6. The Countess, however, was delighted with his presents.
7. I am not disappointed in with you.
8. Don’t get excited by your coming adventures.
9. Roger was fascinated by everything around him.
10. he was already interested in hunting.
11. The countess was very pleased with his answer.
12. She was completely satisfied with his progress.
13. At first, she had been shocked by his rudeness.
14. His old father would have been surprised at his conduct.
15. Now, his father would not have been worried about his behaviour.


Ex. 23F
are adamant that you should resign.
2. We are afraid that you have made a serious error.
3. I’m ashamed that you should have behaved in that way.
4. I am certain that there will be a public inquiry.
5. We are concerned that you should feel so offended.
6. It’s curious that you should say that.
7. We are delighted that you see our point of view at last.
8. It is essential that you should have complete trust in us.
9. The Captain is furious that you should have revealed the secret.
10. We feel greatly honored that you have received us so magnificently.
11. Everyone is insistent that we should prolong your stay.
12. We are greatly relieved that we shall have no more travelling.

13. I’m not sure that I’ll be able to come with you.
14. Is it true that you should said that?
15. I’m surprised that you don’t know your programme.

第24 讲
Ex. 24A
1. The terrain was explored scientifically.
The terrain was scientifically explored.
2. Scientifically, the argument was absurd.
3. I simply do not understand you.
4. Perhaps you will understand if I speak simply.
5. He made me thoroughly angry.
6. You have thoroughly studied this chapter.
You have studied this chapter thoroughly.
7. I much appreciate your kindness.
8. I very much appreciate it.
I appreciate it very much.
9. I honestly mean what I say.
I mean what I say honestly.
Honestly, I mean what I say.
10. John always writes to me honestly.
11. If you do not know the details, you may answer the question generally.
12. These questions are not difficult and we can generally answer most of them.
These questions are not difficult and we can answer most of them generally.
13. Your theory may be right. However, you will find it very difficult to apply
practically.
14. Such enormous distances are practically impossible to imagine.
15. This is hardly my business.
This hardly is my business.
16. I can hardly hear you.
17. I can just hear you.
18. This is only for your ears.
19. This is for your ears alone.
20. Will you kindly come this way?
21. I thought I spoke to her kindly.
22. I also spoke to her mother.
I spoke also to her mother.
Also, I spoke to her mother.
23. I spoke to her mother as well.
24. The house badly needs repainting.
The house need repainting badly.
25. They have painted it badly.
26. It has been badly painted.
27. We have to live economically.

28. Somehow we have to manage.
29. Sometimes we feel disheartened.
We sometimes feel disheartened.
We feel disheartened sometimes.
30. We shall never surrender.

Ex. 24C
1. lately 2. shortly 3. mostly 4. first 5. last 6. largely 7. pretty 8. easy
9. clean 10. quickly 11. late 12. hard 13. quickly 14. rightly 15.
closely 16. wrong 17. right 18. slowly 19. sharply 20. direct 21. near
22. fine 23. sharp 24. hardly 25. loosely 26. clearly 27. Sure 28. easily
29. sure 30. highly


第25 讲
Ex. 25D
1. than 2. as 3. as 4. so 5. as 6. the 7. the 8. the sooner 9. as 10.
as 11. than 12. as 13. as 14. than




第26 讲
Ex. 26E
1. They are to go to South America by way of the Unites States.
2. The spy caught last week was in the pay of a foreign secret
agency.
3. In the wake of the guide, I climbed and climbed and finally
we got to the top of the mountain.
4. Ted was absent from the meeting on the score of illness.
5. Owing to the financial crisis, millions of people were living
on the verge of starvation.
6. A nation must be masters of themselves instead of living at
the mercy of fate.

7. We shouldn’t promote economic growth at the expense of the
environment.
8. Our schools are open to all irrespective of race, color or
creed.
9. She is bent on buying an expensive car regardless of the cost.
10. We must develop our economy in the line with the principle
of self-reliance.
11. We must n ot contaminate the environment on the pretence
of developing industry.
12. My neighbour Old Tom lived entirely alone, apart from a big
black car named Blackie and a big black dog called Boris.
13. Previous to the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against
Japan in 1937, china’s four north-eastern provinces had been
under the Japanese occupation for 6 years.
14. Liu Shao-qi believed that all he did was in the interest of the
Chinese people.
15. We must always be on the watch for the enemy’s subversive
activities.
16. There were still doubts on the part of the police.
17. Owing to the financial crisis, that country’s economy was on
the brisk of bankruptcy.
18. In the event of a financial crisis, the common people will

suffer a lot from inflation and unemployment.
19. The ship was sailing full stem in the teeth of a strong wind.
20. He decided to retire ahead of time on the ground of ill
health.


Ex. 26H
1. Despite their menacing appearance, most reptiles aren’t really vicious if you leave
them alone.
intense heart.
3. I must remind you of your responsibility
towards your friends.
4. In spite of the clear scientific evidence,
people still refused to believe that cigarette
smoking was dangerous.
5. Thanks to the invention of urethane wheels,
today’s skateboarding knows no limits.
6. No one told me of these problems.
7. On account of his knowledge of the mountainous country, Charles Lee was
appointed us our guide.
8. For all his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man.
9. No one is sorry about Simon’s resignation.
10. With all your huge secretarial staff, it still seems to take you a week to answer a
simple letter.
11. Many of the war prisoners died on the march either from starvation for from
severe wounds.
12. I assure you of my willingness to stand down.
13. I think the chief let us go simply out of sympathy with us in our plight.
14. There are criminals who will commit murder for money.

15. She was obliged to wear think, high boots for fear of poisonous snakes.
16. But for Wallis, we would have lost the match.
17. The proposal concerning child health was rejected.
18. Since the receipt of the news, everybody has been happy.
19. He worked very well, to the astonishment of every one of us.
20. Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan.


第27 讲
Ex. 27A
a)
1. You’re an American, I suppose.
2. I’m afraid she won’t be able to arrive on time.
3. I’ll have another cup of tea, if you please.
4. You promised to give me some help, if I’m not mistaken.
5. You are really a lucky man, if I might say so.
6. I’d like to leave the windows open, if you don’t mind.
7. I’m sorry to say you are quite wrong.
8. I suppose no less than one hundred people were killed in the crash.
9. I guess you haven’t had your dinner yet, if I’m not mistaken.
10. You haven’t paid me yet, if I’m not mistaken.

b)
11. He smokes like a chimney, he does.
12. With any question the rogue will be severely punished.
13. Never have I seen a queer man like him.
14. I was indeed very glad to hear the news.
15. He will certainly give you a lot of help.
16. I’m not at all i interested in medicine.
17. There is no doubt whatever about it.
18. I’ll be hanged if that’s true.
19. You won’t catch him smoking again.
20. Not a single soul was seen in the house.



Ex. 27B
1. I never have much to do in the morning.
2. Some of us have not finished it yet.
3. I have not much to do in the morning, either.
4. His wife didn’t ever make him curry.
5. I didn’t tell anybody anything.
6. We have not enough evidence yet.
7. There isn’t anybody doing research in this field.

8. Smoking has not anything to do with cancer of the lung.
9. Tar from cigarette tobacco, painted onto the skin of mice, didn’t produce skin
cancer on some of them.
10. This doesn’t apply to any of the people here yet.
11. This experiment hasn’t revealed anything of importance.
12. It doesn’t help us in our daily work, to a certain extent, either.
13. We needn’t don’t have to go a long way to find anyone as good as this.
14. Robertson is not yet living at this address.
15. He has not away from home a very long time.
16. Hundreds of students cannot find anywhere comfortable to live.
17. The doctor hasn’t ever given men any useful advice.
18. There are not many people in the auditorium yet.
19. I cannot understand either of these two sentences.
20. I cannot understand any of these ten words.


Ex.27C
2. a) All the people were not at work. (=Everyone was absent.)
b)Not all the people were at work. (=Not everyone was there, some were at work,
some weren’t.)
3. a) everyone here doesn’t agree with you. (=All the people here disagree.)
b) Not everyone here agree with you. (= Some of the people here agree with you,
some don’t.)
4. a) Much of the food was not bad. (=Most of the food was good, only a small
portion was bad. )
b) Not much of the food was bad. (=Only a small portion was bad.)
5. a)One of the runners didn’t hear the starting pistol. (=Only one of them didn’t hear,
the others did.)
b)Not one of the runners hear the starting pistol. (=none heard)
6. a)Another reason for the delay was not given. (=There was another reason for the
delay which was not given.)
b)No other reason fro the delay was given. (=There was only one reason for delay.)
7. a)A little of the money was not spent on this project. (=Most of the money was
spent on this project; only a little was not.)
b)Little of the money was spent on the project. (=Almost no money was spent on
the project.)
8. a)A few of you will not have heard the warning. (=Most of you, I suppose, have
heard the warning.)
b)Few of you will have heard the warning. (=most of you, I suppose, have not
heard the warning.)
9. a)Half of the work has not yet been completed. (=Only half of the work was done.)
b)Not half of the work has already been completed. (=Only a small portion of the
work was done.)
10. a)The least of our problems has not been solved. (=Almost no problem was

solved.)
b)Not the least of our problems has been solved. (=A good number of our
problems have been solved.)


第28 讲
Ex. 28A
1. There was a car ready for us.
2. There was a man sitting on that fence.
3. There was a student who came to see you.
4. There was another student who I ought to see.
5. There’s at least one book about the travels of Marco Polo in our library.
6. There’ll be a good film at the Rex next week.
7. There certain be trouble at the factory.
8. There were s everal trains coming into the station at the same
time.
9. During the Great Fire, there were thinks called firesquirts
used in an attempt to quench the flames.
10. Is there anyone waiting to see me?
11. There were people who believed that an ancient city lay
somewhere in the mountains.
12. There was an old cellar with a thick flint wall beneath our
house.
13. There was a boy named George Sampeter sat in the same class as me.
14. There were monkeys under the trees, swinging from the branches, everywhere.
15. There was a strange caller yesterday who wouldn’t say what his business was.
16. There is likely to be a large audience.
17. There should be a stronger light on the staircase.
18. There must have been a mistake.
19. There are several thousand little islands in the Maldives.
20. There was a bolt on my front door but I never used it.


Ex. 28C
1. On the top of the hill there stood there was an impregnable castle.

2. There will be will come a time when you look back on this day with pride.
3. Mary didn’t agree about being no need for mothers to g out to work.
4. Were you disappointed at there not having been more applause?
5. John asked for there to be give-and-take on both sides.
6. There was a cow crossing the road.
7. There is no plant that doesn’t need light and water.
8. We don’t want there to be any disturbance.
9. There being an index to this book is a great advantage.
10. I’m surprised at there not being an index being no index.
11. We have no objection to there being a meeting here.
12. It’s impossible for there to be a mistake in a computer’s arithmetic.
13. It’s not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and
young.
14. There’s an important message just being decoded.
There is just being decoded an important message.
15. There were quite a number of very valuable jewels stolen.
16. There was expected to more discussion.
17. There is are believed to be a number of wounded on both sides.
18. There is a meeting about the new building yesterday.
19. There have been three accident at this crossroads this week.
20. There’s a lawn that extends from the house to the river.
21. There’s said to be trouble on the border.
22. I can just remember the trouble there was about it a year ago.
23. There will be people anxious that the plan should succeed.
24. There seems to be a widespread change of attitude.
25. There was a day when it rained from morning till night.


第29 讲
Ex. 29A
1. It is possible that the Joneses will come to the party as
well.
2. It doesn’t matter very much whether they will come or
not.
3. It is quite likely that he will let you down.
4. It seems that you have taken a dislike to him.
5. It happens that I have had some nasty experiences in

dealing with him.
6. It was rather complicated getting the car on the boat.
7. It would be a good idea to get up a petition.
I think it is a good idea to get up a petition.
8. It is a great pleasure to be here with you this morning.
9. It was so kind of you to invite us.
10. It doesn’t matter in the least what you say.
11. It is remains a mystery how he came to have such a valuable painting.
12. It is regretted that you should feel obliged to resign at this point.
13. It would be pity to spoil such a fine drawing.
14. It makes me feel sad seeing you sitting here all alone.
15. Is it very dull living here?
Do you find it very dull living here?
16. It is possible for me to forgive him.
17. It was not known whether there was gold left in the mine.
18. It looks as if the park is very small.
19. It seems as thought our plan is perfect.
20. It was clearly indicated that he didn’t want to speak to me.


Ex. 29B
1. It gets dark early in winter.
2. It’s no use asking her. She doesn’t know anything.
3. It’s two miles to the station from here.
4. Have you seen it hail?
5. We leave it to you to decide what must be done.
6. It’s said that the spy slipped arsenic into his tea.
7. It’s a pity that you missed the concert.
8. It looks as if he were very afraid.
9. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
10. It was several months before we met again.

Ex. 29D
1. It was his wife that the m an treated viciously.
2. It is only for three months that she has been studying French.
4. It was to London that Tom went on Tuesday.
5. It is green that he has painted the windows.
6. What he is determined to do is (to) pass the test.
7. What he will be doing is flying to Moscow.
8. It was the machine that he could not repair.
9. It was from Henry that John bought the car.
10. It was by a man carrying a copy of the Times that we were not at the station.
11. It was at the price that he was surprised.
12. It was monitor of the class that the students elected him.
13. It was because he’d never had the opportunity that John hadn’t yet learned to
drive.
14. It was Henry that I met in New York.
15. What I did was (to) tell her the sad news.


第30 讲
Ex. 30A
1. Brian locked the door and went to a nearby
pub.
2. Tom speaks Chinese fluently but can’t write
in it.
3. On Friday afternoon, the students study
current affairs, or have league meetings if
there’s nothing special to study.
4. Ruel and Cameron went into the forest and
collected a lot of insect specimens.
5. On his way up the hill Jack fell down and

hurt his hand and knees, but Jimmy got to the
top all right.
6. The girl decided to remain at home, for it
was raining hard.
It was raining hard and the girls remained at
home.
7. They could not decide what to do and asked
my advice.
They asked my advice, for they could not
decide what to do.
8. For the first time I saw my father not as the
giant of my childhood but simply as a lonely
man.
9. Fewer blacks are leaving the rural South
these days, not because farming has become
more popular but because industry is moving
in.
10. The four largest hotel companies in the
United States are Hilton, Sheraton, Hyatt, and
the fastest growing (hotel company) Western
International.
11. Education is the largest “industry” in the nation either in terms of dollars spent or
in terms of people involved.

12. There is not only conclusion in these lines but also elegance.
13. Mr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.
14. In the United States television has been called a source of information, a means of
entertainment and, as its severest critics call it, a “plug-in” drug.
15. For decades FBI agents wiretapped the phone of American citizens with the
attorney general’s approval but without warrants.


Ex. 30C
1. My summer’s work proved not only interesting but also instructive.
2. A college education was both necessary and inexpensive.
3. Both Mary and her husband will do it. 4.
5. Her lectures are witty, interesting and carefully outlined.
6. Macy is a middle-aged woman, short, stocky, blue-eyed and party gray-haired.
7. She told us to read the text carefully and to write a short review of it.
8. He is either an absolute piker or a fool.
9. He likes not only the girl but also the family.
10. The students are not only organizing social activities, but also showing an interest
in political questions.
11. One should take care of one’s physical self as well as one’s his intellectual self.
12. He can neither sing nor can he compose.
13. He either needs a rest or some cold drink.
He needs either a rest or some cold drink.
14. Neither Pauline nor her husband wanted to attend the meeting.
15. Donna was satisfied neither with her own achievement nor with the team
performance.
16. The boy does not smoke, nor drink alcohol, nor idle away his time.
17. Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
18. We were told to write in ink, to use but one side of the paper, and to endorse our
papers in the proper manner.
19. New Hampshire is the only state with neither a sales tax nor an income tax, a
major attraction for tax-weary residents of other states.
20. The admen convince the reader not only that the Continental is a luxury car but
also that the car confers status on its owner.
21. Give him an inch, and he’ll take a mile.
22. You should try and finish the paper by Saturday.
23. Mr. Jones is principal of the school, moreover, he is an expert in translation.
24. As soon as he arrived in town, he went and saw the doctor immediately.
25. Just take a look at that fellow, and you’ll get sick.


第31 讲
Ex. 31A
1. the film I saw yesterday was dull.

2. If Provided that the weather keeps fine, I see no reason why the village fete should
not be a success.
3. Because he didn’t get up early enough, he missed the train.
4. A German whose acquaintance I made in Hamburg last year is coming to see me.
5. One of the students who were trapped in the cave has already been brought out.
6. Because As she spoke French quickly, I
couldn’t understand her.
7. As any of these problems can be solved by
ordinary intelligence and hard work, none of
them are too difficult for us.
8. Because illness kept him away from school,
he didn’t get the prize.
9. The auditorium might be the place where I
lost my pen.
10. As When Whenever he ate too little and
worked too hard for weeks on end, he became
ill.
11. When As he came out of the Conference
Room, he was surrounded by reporters.
12. While my wife was using the vacuum
cleaner, I was trying to listen to a broadcast
play.
13. Unless you promise to behave yourself,
you shall not go to the party this afternoon.

14. His mother waited up until he came home.
15. As When After Because he had spoken
for three hours, he had a sore throat.


Ex.31C
1. He urged that I drive carefully.
2. He ordered that the man remain in a camp.
3. She insisted that we go there on foot.
4. He asked that his sister cook the dinner.
5. She requested that I telephone her family.
6. Grandmother urged that we bring the children for the Summer.
7. He demanded that I answer all the questions.
8. Our parents insist that we come home by ten.
9. The doctor ordered that the nurses watch the patient carefully.
10. She insisted that we tell her the truth.
11. They requested that we sit down and have a cup of tea.
12. The hostess urged that we all stay for dinner.
13. The rules require that players wear tennis shoes.
14. The boss suggests that his secretary learn shorthand.
15. The policemen ordered that he men move one.
16. The union leader urged that the members accept the offer.
17. The general commanded that his troops advance into the town.
18. The real estate agent suggests that we sell the house.
19. The captain ordered that the crew abandon the ship.
20. The editor insisted that we change the title of the book.

Ex.31D
1. Before John came home, I had finished reading the newspaper.
2. While we were eating dinner, our guests arrived.
3. John was reading when Harry entered.
4. Since I graduated from high school, I have been studying at the university.
5. Before I read that book, I must finish this one.
6. After Johnny finished his homework, he went out to play.
7. Before I serve the dessert, you must finish your dinner.
8. Before I came to the United States, I had studied English in my own country.
9. When I got the school yesterday, I found that classes had been canceled.
10. What have you been doing since you moved away from the neighborhood?
11. I’ll be busying shopping until the store closes at six.
12. While I’m studying, I like to play the radio.

13. Where do you stay when you visit Washington?
14. While I’m in the country to study, I hope to do some sightseeing.
15. While the baby is napping, her mother has a chance to rest.
16. After the orchestra had played for several hours, the embassy provided the
musicians with refreshments.
17. He couldn’t go to medical school until he had to get his B.A degree.
18. No sooner had the criminal found the shelter than he was caught by the
policemen.
19. The fields don’t require irrigation until the weather is dry in the summer.
20. I have been wearing glasses ever since I entered the university.


Ex.31E
1. I can’t tell you what he looks like, for I have never met him.
2. The teacher is very strict with us, simply because he wants us to make rapid
progress.
3. … not because….but because 4. It was simply because … 6. Since the
weather… 7. Just because he was…
8. It must be early morning, because for the birds are singing.
9. … because he is poor? 10. Since the streets …. 11. …. When the telephone rang
12. Just as we …. 13. Melbourn shammed the door, so that he awakened his mother.
14. 15. While in applied physics … 16. Sneer unkindly though you may …
17. …. Though it rain tomorrow 18. …even though I prefer a bath
19. Since As he was ill, …
20. Acceptable in formal style, but in formal style “because” should be changed into
“that”.



第32 讲
Ex.32A
1. We went via Worcester as to miss the traffic jam.
2. I haven’t decided whether to answer his letter or not.
3. He opened his mouth wide as if to speak.
4. His work was so good as to make him internationally famous.
5. The man to consult is Wilson.
6. To hear him talk, you would think he was a celebrity.
7. She stood up to been seen better.
8. As we talked of where to meet, I noticed something unusual in his tone.
9. He was the first man to discuss the question with Professor Halliday.
10. My brother got up early in order to have enough time to pack.
11. Whether he had changed his mind about what to say I did not know.
12. Is he really a man to be trusted?

13. We consider that the girl to be trustworthy.
14. We ask every citizen to watch closely any
developments in this matter.
15. The place (for you) to stay is the Hilton.
16. David was miserable unless he had
neighbors with whom to quarrel.
17. Betty works too slowly to be much use to us.
18. I’ll buy you some magazines to red on the journey.
19. We thought it wrong to punish him.
We thought it wrong form him to be punished.
20. In order for a vote to be valid, the deputy must be present and vote in person.


Ex. 32C
a)
1. so that it might should look 2. so that there should be
3. so as not to get 4. so as not to leave 5. so that the room should look
6. so as to avoid 7. so as to have 8. so that we should not have
9. so as not to have 10. So that I should not be 11. so that it should not get
12. so that it should be 13. so as not to get 14. so as to cover
15. so that my arms should not get 16. so as not to get
17. so that the brush should not get 18. so that it may can be used
19. so that it shall not get 20. so as to use
b)
1. so kind as to invite 2. so (that) I was 3. so happy that I danced
4. to get 5. so unfortunate as not to get 6. for the snow to be
7. so thick as to cover 8. cold enough to freeze 9. so (that) I had
10. so kind as to send 11. for it to arrive 12. too excited to united
13. so (that) I cut 14. for me to wear


Ex.32D
1. Playing the piano is my favorite pastime.
2. Is it worth while doing such experiments?
3. they insisted on holding a reception in our honor.

4. I have got used to doing this kind of work.
5. After booking the ticket, she began to pack her things.
6. Instead of criticizing him, we should praise him.
7. Have you any objection to carrying out the plan?
8. At the meeting he stressed the importance of following the
mass line.
9. Rebuilding this canal has already brought many benefits to
our national economy.
10. Seeing so many people before her, she felt very nervous.
11. Having lived in Sichuan for many years, I know that place
very well.
12. Pointing at a new building, he said, “This is our club.”
13. We began to knock at the door, thinking that was his home.
14. The river being too wide, we couldn’t swim across.
15. Such being the case, I won’t insist on your staying here.
16. The weather being so warm, someone suggested having a
party in the open air.
17. Being so excited, he didn’t know what to say.
18. She sat there silently, tears streaming down her cheeks.
19. When he got to the village, he found the girls picking cotton
in the fields.
20. Yesterday afternoon the school master caught some pupils

smoking cigarettes in the classroom.


Ex.32E
1. Anyone not hearing that noise must have been stone-deaf.
2. We were delayed by heavy trucks being loaded onto the ship.
3. Suddenly feeling dizzy, Mrs. Wilson sat down quickly.
4. Presents costing less than ten pounds in all may be imported duty-free.
5. Planning to buy a car, Mrs. Jay opened a savings account.
6. Any dutiable articles not declared to the Customs will be liable to confiscation.
7. Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by 8 o’clock.
8. The man was accompanied by a porter weighing at least 160 kilos.
9. The castle, burnt in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.
10. Putting Having putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the window and
looked out.
11. Used economically, one tin will last for at least six weeks.
12. Any driver not having a license ought to be sent to jail right away.
13. It rained for weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday.
14. Everybody, hearing the noise, jumped up in alarm.
15. Cars parked illegally were removed.
16. The men working on the site were in some danger.
17. At the station, we were met by a man carrying a copy of the Times.
18. Anyone providing information leading to the conviction of those responsible will
receive a reward not exceeding ￡1000.
19. Living in the country, we had few amusements.
20. The British Museum has a right to one copy of any book appearing in Britain.


Ex.32F
1. I hope to finish the paper by Saturday.
2. We think it strange from to say a thing like that.
3. I showed them how to do it.
4. He is not the man to be trifled with.
5. He worked all night to get the job down in time.
6. He was believed to have been a reporter.
7. I can’t understand him behaving so foolishly.
8. I don’t remember you ever speaking on that subject.
9. Mary is the lady to vote for.
10. Ambushed and concerned, the enemy surrendered.
11. Spock’s having pointed ears is intriguing.
12. Will anyone wanting a ticket please apply to me?
13. While waiting at the dentist’s, I read the whole of the story.

14. I feel it to be a rare occasion, occurring, as it does, only once in many years.
15. We shall never make it without worrying.
16. He felt ashamed of having done a little.
17. I can’t imagine anything happening to him.
18. United, we stand; divided, we fall.
19. Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
20. Considered as a work of art, the building is rather disappointing.


Ex. 32G
1. Knowing that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare.
2. Having barricaded the windows, we assembled in the hall.
3. Becoming tired of my complaints about the programme, she turned off the wireless.
4. Finding Having found no one at home, he left the house in a bad temper.
5. Hoping to find the will, she searched everywhere.
6. Having removed all traces of his crime, the criminal left the building.
7. Realizing that he had missed the last train, he began to walk.
8. Exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed.
9. Having spent all his money, he decided to go home and ask his father for job.
10. Having escaped from prison, he looked for a place where he could get food.
11. Having heard the story before, she didn’t want to hear it again.
12. Having found the treasure, they began to quarrelling about how to divide it.
13. Entering the room suddenly, she found them smoking.
14. Turing Having turned on the right, I was astonished at what I saw.
15. Having visited the museum, we decided to have lunch in the park.
16. Thinking we were lost, he offered to show us the way home.
17. Having found his revolver and loaded it, he sat down facing the door.
18. Realizing Having realized that she couldn’t move it alone, she asked me to help
her.
19. Having fed the dog, he sat down to his own dinner.
20. Addressing the congregation, he said he was sorry to see how few of them had
been able to come.
21. In this chapter the characters, lying face downwards in a set of mud, have an
unintelligible conversation.
22. Looking Having looked through the fashion magazines, I realize that my clothes
are hopelessly out of date.
23. the tree, uprooted by the gale, had fallen across the road.
24. People sleeping in the next room were wakened by the sound of breaking glass.
25. Knowing that the murderer was still at large, I was extremely reluctant to open the
door.
26. Having been accommodated in an inn, he looked for a place to have supper.
27. Socked to the skin, we reached the station eventually.
28. Sitting in the front row and equipped with a pair of binoculars, I saw everything
beautifully.

29. Knowing that the bull was bad- tempered, I didn’t like to cross the field.
30. Believing that she could trust him, she gave him a blank cheque.
31. Slates, ripped off by the gale, fell on the people passing below.
32. The lion, finding his cage door open and seeing no sign of his keeper, left the cage
and walked slowly towards the zoo entrance.
33. The government, trying to tax people according to the size of their houses, put a
tax on windows.
34. Having heard that the caves were dangerous, I didn’t like to go any further
without a light.
25. Wearing extremely fashionable clothes and surrounded by photographers and
pressmen, she swept up to the microphone.


Ex.32H
1. Eager to begin the climb, the men rose at first light.
2. The summit, bare and black, towered above them.
3. 4. They found a ledge narrow enough for one man.
5. Thoroughly exhausted, they crawled into their sleeping bags.
6. Stiff in every joint, they could hardly stand.
7. When fresh, the snow afforded no sure foothold.
8. The wind, keen as a razor, drove them back into the shelter of their tent.
9. though light as a feather, their tent somehow remained firm.
10. The rescue party brought them down to the base camp, half-dead with the cold.
Half-dead with the cold, they were brought down to the base camp by the rescue
party.
11. Although Though a lawyer by training, he became a great soldier.
12. We shall continue our policy, whatever your objections.
13. An even-tempered man, Paul nevertheless became extremely angry when he heard
what had happened.
14. He sat down beside Christina, feeling the warmth of the sun against his face, able
to relax for the first time in days.
15. Angry with the girl for oversleeping, Mrs. Serafino went down to wake her up.
16. The heir to a fortune, Bob’s friend didn’t need to pass examinations.
Bob’s friends, the heir to a fortune, didn’t need to pass examinations.
17. A notorious burglar, Bob Rand found it easy to force open the lock.
Bob Rand, a notorious burglar, found it easy to force open the lock.
18. A blatant liar, Ron Pall was expelled from the group.
Ron Pall, a blatant liar, was expelled from the group.
19. A man of integrity, he will keep his word, I’m certain.
20. As if by previous arrangement, she came to the palace from Deptform by water,
while Leicester arrived by land.


Ex.32I

1. She stood back and looked at him, her face smiling radiantly.
2. His exam finished, Porter stumbled wearily out of the room.
3. Henry Adams ran from the room, cold shivers running down his spine.
4. The station wagon sped away, the taillights disappearing into the distance.
5. Dinner over, the family scattered to their various haunts.
6. His opponent gaining a lead of almost 200 000 votes, the senator publicly conceded
that he had lost his election bid.
7. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
8. There being no way for me to cross, I walked upstream on the south side.
9. James sat down, wiped his forehead and smiled complacently, his good humor quite
restored.
10. Marie sat on the edge of a frail wooden chair in Kirby’s suite, (the) champagne
glass in her hand, tears in her eyes.
11. All the money having been spent, Jack started looking for work.
12. A little girl walked past, her doll dragging behind her on the pavement.
13. The guests having departed, Father kicked off his shoes and stretched out on the
couch.
14. Hilda marched stiffly from the room, her face blazing with anger.
15. (With) the whole meeting in uproar, the chairman abandoned the attempt to take a
vote.
16. Task completed , I went to bed.
17. In front of him stood a man, gun in hand.
18. The clock having struck twelve, we had to leave.
19. Walking into the room, I saw Grandpa sitting at the desk, newspaper spread before
him.
20. The professor rested against the blackboard, chalk in one hand, textbook in the
other.
21. Jimmy walked slowly to the corner of the playground, face streaked with tears.
22. Stomachs crying for food, backs burning from too much sun, the two boys
gathered their gear and headed for home.
23. Packages under arm, maps in hand, I made my way to the Chevy pickup parked in
front of the stone.
24. A small cotton bag over his face, hands tied behind his back, a noose fixed
securely about his neck, the prisoner stood quietly on the wooden platform.
25. The breeze becoming gustier, white caps giving the lake a frothy, sinister
appearance, the evening grew more menacing.



第33 讲
Ex. 33A
1. Thank you very much for the present you sent me.
2. She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp.
The student (who, whom, that) she was dancing with had a slight limp.

3. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box (which that) I was phoning from.
There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.
4. The chair (which that) I was sitting in suddenly collapsed.
The chair in which I was sitting suddenly collapsed.
5. I missed the train (which that) I usually catch, and I had to travel on the next,
which was a slow one.
6. Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of
whom were wearing evening dress.
7. The string (which that) they tie up parcels with is so weak that the parcel usually
comes to pieces before you get it home.
The string with which they tie up the parcels is so weak that the parcel usually
comes to the pieces before you get it home.
8. The boy(who whom) Peter shared a flat with was a philosophy student and wanted
to sit up half the night discussing philosophy.
The boy with whom Peter shared a flat was a philosophy student and wanted to sit
up half the night discussing philosophy.
9. She said that the men were thieves, which turned out to be true.
10. He paid me ￡1 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been washed
for at least a year.
11. But he would have to be careful not to offend Crass, the foremen, who could give
him the sack at any moment.
12. He spread a rumour that the president was going to resign, which led to a great
confusion in the country.
13. The Southern States rebelled and set up a state of their own where they would be
free to keep Negroes as slaves.
14. One day in 1906, Pierre, who was crossing a road, was run over and killed.
15. Nothing is hard in the world for anyone who dares to scale the heights.
16. He asked me to explain to him the art of writing poetry, which cannot be taught.
17. Immediately the Israeli armoured units opened fire, killing four Lebanese military
policemen and injured the fifth, who later died of his wounds.
18. The building, which was enormous, had not yet running water.
19. He was clever and quick at his work, for which he was honoured with the title of
model workers.
20. He likes reading, which I am glad to hear.


第34 讲
Ex.34H
1. How many days are there in February if it is not a leap year?
2. What places do you usually like to visit if you come to Shanghai?
3. In the old days, there used to be millions of people dying of hunger and pestilence
in case of flood.
4. When he lived in Shanghai, he used to like classical music of he went to a concert.
5. If she (has) promised to come to the party, she will certainly come.

6. If I can get a loan from the bank, I’ll buy a house.
7. His health won’t improve unless he gives up smoking at once.
8. I won’t buy this picture even if I could afford it.
9. If there weren’t so many mosquitoes, it would be a perfect evening.
10. What would you do about the problem if you were in my shoes
11. If the president hadn’t violated the Federal Law, he wouldn’t have been forced to
resign.
12. If the shop had packed the goods properly, they wouldn’t have got damaged.
13. If it had not been for the stabilizing effect of the Renmibi, the financial crisis in
East Asia would have worsened.
14. If you had taken my advice, you would not be in a difficult position now.
15. If the bank had lent her the money, she would be moving to a large house.
16. If I could speak English, I would have expressed my ideas more clearly.
17. If I knew her address, I would have sooner written to her.
18. If I were her, I would never have accepted their invitation.
19. If it had not been for the misfeasors of the president, he would not have been
impeached.
20. If it were not for the financial crisis in East China, China’s economy would be
developing at a greater speed.


第36 讲
Ex.36B
1. All in their twenties, the three men pleaded not guilty.
2. A grandfatherly old man, the judge looked harmless and ready to believe us from
the beginning.
3. Columbus’s assumption that the land he had discovered was the eastern extremity
of Asia was soon proved wrong.
4. Some people, especially student readers, like to look for a “moral” in everything
they read ----- a “moral” being some rule of conduct which they regard as applicable
to their lives.
5. Columbus’s report that there was a king in the south who owned great quantities of
gold lured lots of explorers to the search for El Dorado.
6.
The suspicion that smoking has something to do with cancer rests on several kinds of
evidence.
7. The fact that you went to sleep during my lecture suggest that you should go to bed
earlier at night.
8. The knowledge that I can always call upon you for support is a great comfort to me.
9. They were building a bridge across the river, a bridge which was intended to carry a
great deal of traffic.
10. Yesterday I went skating ----- something I hadn’t done for years.
11. He is now faced with an important decision ----- a decision that can affect his
entire future.

12. Many members were absent, notably the vice- chairman.
13. A number of American Presidents, including McKinley, Harding, Roosevelt, and
Kennedy in the 20
th
century.
14. They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station was 30 miles away.
15. The idea that my watch might be wrong did not occur to me.
16. When a victim suffers a major burn ----- one which at least 20 percent of the skin
is lost ----- damaged usually extends far beyond the burn site.
17. A dry lightening storm, that is, a thunderstorm without rain, started a fire in a
remote part of the forest in August.
i’s railroad station is the starting point for East Africa’s most traveled
passenger train.
19. A people of inventors and discoverers, philosophers and soldiers, poets and
craftsmen, the ancient Chinese gave the world many of its most useful things; paper
and gunpowder, printing and compass.

Ex.36C
1. I usually go to Paris in summer.
2. We always meet in the park on Sunday afternoon.
3. Just about an hour ago I saw John in the office.
4. I always have a cup of tea in bed before I get up.
5. I seldom get up early on Sunday.
6. He always plays well in an important game.
7. We usually eat out when we go to the theatre.
8. He spoke very well at the debate last night.
Last night he spoke very well at the debate.
9. He arrived at the meeting punctually at eight o’clock.
10. We are going to meet at John’s house at nine o’clock tomorrow.
11. I pay my rates once a month this year.
12. The telephone rang twice while you are out.
While you were out, the telephone rang twice.
13. This week we have lectures all the morning every day.
14. This summer, I shall be away for a day or two several times.
15. During the winter of 1947, there were power cuts for two or three hours at a time
almost every day.
16. Interviews will take place between nine and twelve every weekday next month.
17. Visits to the museum will be between two and four during the summer.
18. That morning, wives, mothers and sweethearts waited with highly commendable
patience on the quay.
19. Towards evening the officer on duty pointed excitedly towards the west.
20. On October 4
th
, 1954 we waited at Bristol for several hours.
21. Coming home late last night a little drunk, he fell into the ditch.
22. The small girl screamed in terror as the furry caterpillar crawled slowly along the
leaf.
As the furry caterpillar crawled slowly along the leaf, the small girl screamed in

terror.
23. Some students very much enjoy arguing with one another excitedly in gloomy
café.
24. He told me that on his first visit to London he had arrived at Victoria at exactly
four minutes past four on the 4
th
April, 1944.
25. Early in the morning, the Duchess has often been seen carefully choosing
vegetables in the market.

Ex.36E
1. moreover 2. In other words 3. Also 4. In other words That is to say
5. In that case 6. Still 7. however 8. Actually 9. so
10. Nevertheless 11. after all 12. Furthermore 13. for all that
14. conversely 15. consequently 16. As a result 17. then 18. therefore
19. Besides 20. First; secondly; Thirdly and most importantly


第37 讲
Ex.37B
1. …. And I have done so. 2. … than he was doing before
3. … and does not do archaeology 4. … but he didn’t do so
5. … so does Sally 6. ….better than he does his wife
7. … it has not done so 8. No, but we do.
9. … but his wife did to Chicago. 10. … and he did so to me, too.


Ex.37D
1. I’m afraid not. 2. I think so. 3. I guess not. 4. I suppose so.
5. I expect not. 6. I doubt it. 7. I hope so. 8. I fear not.
9. I thought not. 10. I’m afraid so. 11. I’ve been told so.
12. All people say so. 13. I hope not. 14. I believe so.
15. I think not. I don’t think so. 16. So I’ve heard.
17. It seems not. 18. I’m sure of it. 19. So I’ve seen. 20. So I’ve noticed.



第38 讲
Ex.38A
1. The Chinese are as interested in food as are the French, and go to immense trouble
to see that it is properly cooked.
2. The people of Guangdong have developed an astonished variety in their cooking,
and brought the presentation of sharkskin soup to an exceedingly fine art.
3. Chinese food has to be served in small pieced, picked up little by little with
chopsticks, and eaten slowly.
4. Rice is generally eaten in the south of the country, but wheat in the north.

5. The meat and vegetables are cut up very small in the kitchen, cooked in a large iron
bowl, served hot.
6.
7. Sichuan is the best place for Chilies and Guangdong for stuffed snails.
8. The Chinese eat their food with chopsticks, the Europeans with knives and forks.
9. European marriages are often celebrated with champagne, Chinese marriages with
a meal of at least a dozen courses.
10. A western- style dinner would not include bread on the menu, nor would a Chinese
dinner include rice.
11. Many people have been suffering , and many people still are suffering from
influenza.
12. You say people have influenza two or three times a year, but they don’t really.
13. During an epidemic many people seem to escape infection but they do not really.
14. A young animal has to decide which of the things around it are to be eaten and
which to be avoided.
15. Some animals swallow, others instinctively avoid highly dangerous objects.
16. The young animal is playing a game which can be and often is, very dangerous.
17. The young animal is protected from danger by its parents, or by some mechanism
built into its nervous system from the start.
18. Some people require eight hours’ sleep a night, others are satisfied with six or less.
19. We cannot give a formula for individual sleep requirements, nor a reliable average
for different age groups.
20. People who pride themselves on needing little sleep may imagine themselves
more efficient than others, but in fact they often prove to be less.


Ex.38B
1. Jane is dusting the furniture because Bob won’t.
2. Her life is yet , as it has always been, one ceaseless round of work for others.
3. he remained a great lover of sport, as he had been, in his youth.
4. Although told to stop, John kept on working till late at night.
5. I am happy if you are.
6. I gave my energy to other subjects though continuing to collect sufficient data for
my research work.
7. Though seriously wounded, he flatly refused to quit the battlefield.
8. The relationship between our two countries is essentially good, even if progressing
slowly.
9. Although the youngest of the class, Mary captured all the prizes.
10. Be careful you don’t’ catch cold.
11. They are meant to wound, perhaps to kill.
12. I caught the train, --- I just.
13. For all he has worked hard, he failed the examination.
14. I take it you are going to the party this evening.
15.

16. Whatever your problems, they can’t be worse than mine.
17. There is somebody wants you on the phone.
18. He is not the impractical bookworm he used to be.
19. I have seen all there is left to see in the city.
20. The police rounded up all the men known to have been in the building at that time.


第39 讲
Ex.39A
1.a) Even though While men may deny it, women may soon be able to compete with
them in most sporting events.
b) Women may soon be able to compete with men in most sporting events, but men
may deny it.
2. a) Though it will increase social security taxes by thirty percent, the new law is
enacted.
b)A new law is enacted which will increase social security taxes by thirty percent.
3. a) When their house was ransacked by a juvenile gang, the mayor and his wife were
attending a conference on prison reform.
The mayor and wife, whose house was ransacked by a juvenile gang, were
attending a conference on prison reform.
b) When the mayor and his wife were attending a conference on prison reform, their
house was ransacked by a juvenile gang.
4. a) The Warren Report, though accepted by most Americans, has left many questions
unanswered.
b) The Warren Report, which has left many questions unanswered, has been accepted
by most Americans.
5. a) Since acupuncture is so alien to the Western concept of Medical treatment, it
continues to be suspicious by the Western world.
b) The Western world continues to be regarded acupuncture with suspicion, perhaps
because it is so alien to the Western concept of Medical treatment.
6. a)Provided (that) they can overcome serious problems like crime and pollution,
cities like New York and Detroit can survive.
b) cities like New York and Detroit can survive if they can overcome serious
problems like crime and pollution.
7.a)While traditional churches are rapidly losing members, Oriental religions seem to
be attracting thousands of American youth.
b) While Oriental religious seem to be attracting thousands of American youth,
traditional churches are rapidly losing members.
8. a) Thomas Edison remained active and creative into his 80s, but his most
productive year came at the age of 35.
b) Thomas Edison, whose most productive year came at the age of 35, remained
active and creative into his 80s.
9. a) A country need not worry about being attacked as long as it remains militarily
strong.

b) If a country remains militarily strong, it need not worry about being attacked.
10. a)Many liberal arts graduates will have difficulty finding employment unless they
are willing to accept work outside their major interests until the economic situation
becomes more favorable.
b) Until the economic situation becomes more favorable, many liberal arts graduates
will have difficult finding employment unless they are willing to accept work outside
their major interests.


Ex.39B
1. ….. Nowhere else will you find … 2. Nowhere else have I seen …
3. At not time during his long stay in Shanghai did he come to our school.
4. … At no time during the previous term had he worked hard.
5. …. Not a single paper did he write the whole term.
6. …. Not a day did she spend without having …. 7.
8. Not only did Jimmy pass the exam, but he got …
9. Only an hour ago did he find out that ….
10. Only through sheer luck did Carl manage to pass the …
11. Only when I heard his voice trembling did I realize ….
12. Only yesterday did he ring me up.
13. Only because someone had given him a lift did he get to the meeting in time …
14. On no account will the manager tolerate ….
15. On no account will china allow any other …
16. Under no circumstances will China become a superpower.
17. No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed …
18. No longer these days is it necessary for women to spend hours of …
19. No longer should women put up with …
20. … No more will he work for the boss.
21. No wider than a foot was the space between the goalkeeper and the post …
22. … but equally important is the question of expense.
23. … So was his behaviour towards his son.
24. In no other department store will you find such a wide variety of goods.
25. In no other restaurant have I experienced such bad service as in this one.
26. Not for the life of me can I understand why ….
27. Not for a moment can the old man imagine that the world …
28. Not for one minute do I think that …..
29. Not for anything would that boy part with his family.
30. Not for anything will I give up halfway.
31. Not for nothing has the volleyball team won the world cup.
32. …. Is Chinese tea famous all over the world.
33. so impressively did he speak that everyone…
34. So strong was the impact he made on us all that ….
35. …. but was even then could she believe it.
36. … that not even after he was 75 would he stop working

37. … not even if he was threatened with expulsion from school would he waver
38. Hardly had he begun to speak when ….
39. Scarcely had he got to the office when ….
40. …. Hardly a single paper did he write last term. 41.
42. Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.
43. Seldom do we have the opportunity of receiving such a distinguished writer.
44. … rarely do they go to school by bus.
45. … and away went the car like a flash.
46. … when in walked the teacher.
47. … when in he came.
48. … and out popped a mouse.
49. … when down came the rain. 50. … but out it popped.

第17 讲
Ex. 17A
1. John can type very fast.
2. I can answer the question now.
3. I could never understand a word he said.
4. No one could solve the problem.
5. What you say might be true.
6. Shall I open the window?
7. If you will come with us, we shall be delighted.
8. Would you have a seat?
9. Someone will put his coat on my peg.
10. Grandfather will sit looking at this view all day long.
11. I would hit the wrong key of the typewriter.
12. Grandfather should sit in that chair for hours.
13. You should read this book.
14. We must read it.
 15. You must not smoke here.
 16. Can you do this without help?
 17. Should we wait here?
18. We need not attend .
19. That will be the house we’re looking for.
20. That must be the one.

Ex. 17D
1. He may be doing his homework.
2. She may have forgotten to call me back.
3. Could you lend me five pounds until
tomorrow?
4. I wonder if I could leave now.
5. It might rain this evening.
6. Old Tom might have left San Diego.

7. If it should rain tomorrow, the football
match would be put off.
8. You should do as he says.
9. If you should change your mind, let me
know.
10. I’m surprised that he should have an
accident.
11. Shall I go with you?
12. You shan’t answer her back again.
13. You mustn’t violate the traffic regulation
again.
14. He must have got lost in the mountains.
15. You needn’t go and see her.
16. You should have written to her.
17. You should have helped her.
18. If you would change this car, I should be very grateful.
19. Would you mind shutting the door?
20. She shouldn’t have bought that house.
21. It’s odd that she should say that.
22. Don’t call him. He will be taking a nap.
23. Don’t write to him. He won’t be home now.
24. Don’t bother him. He will have heard the news.

25. A lion will attack people only when hungry.
26. What will you do after graduation?
27. Mary ought to be home by now.
28. You oughtn’t to have bought a new car.
29. He used to work in Shanghai, but now he is nowhere to be
found.
30. How dare you say that in the presence of the principal?


Ex. 17E
1. He may be working for Simons.
2. He may have been working for Simons.
3. He may be retiring next year.
4. He won’t be working now.
5. He will have heard it by now.
6. They may have been wondering what to do.
7. He can’t have lost.
8. They must be waiting.
9. That might be true.
10. She should be home by now already.
11. She may have left it at home.
12. I may have been mistaken.
13. You must have been disappointed.
14. She won’t hav3e heard the news yet.
15. There must have been a mistake.
16. He won’t be there.
17. He can’t be there.
18. He could not have made that mistake.
19. Will this be the one you want?
20. You will have been wondering all this time how it works.


Ex. 17F
1. may 3. might have 3. may have 4. possibly 5. possible 6. perhaps
7. might 8. can 9. may have had 10. could 11. might be

第18 讲
Ex. 18A
1. He is like to let you down.
2. Our team is certain to win.
3. There appears to be no doubt about it.
4. John happed to be the only witness.
5. I chanced to be out of London at the time.
6. John doesn’t seem to be coming after all.
7. We are not supposed to play football on Sundays.
8. He is supposed to have arrived at five.
9. He is sure to be there.
10. They are certain to need help.
11. I think it is going to rain.
12. How am I to pay my debts?
13. The new building is going to be six storeys high.
14. You are not to talk like that.
15. He is likely to see her.
16. You’ve got to be joking.
17. he tends to be stupid at times.
18. I fail to see what you mean.
19. We happened to be there by accident.
20. I chanced to meet him in the park.
21. He appeared to enjoy the concert.
22. They seemed not to notice it.
23. The swimmer failed to reach the shore.
24. We were to have been married in May.
25. the purse was not to be found.
26. He was never to see his wife or children again.
27. It’s going to be a long time before we can reduce our prices.
28. John is bound to be in the office.
29. None of us can say what our future is to be.
30. He did not fail to keep his word.

第20 讲
Ex. 20B
1. I am sorry to learn that he had had an accident.
2. You will be said to hear what I have to tell you.
3. they would be very surprised to received an invitation.
4. She is happy to have found such a nice place to live in.
5. I’m afraid to go past the haunted house alone.
6. Bob was pleased to he had been promoted.
7. I am very anxious to meet you.
8. We were delighted to receive your telegram.
9. You were sensible to stay indoors.
10. the clerk was prompt to answer the call.
11. This rule is easy to remember.
12. We are reluctant to leave this neighborhood.
13. Our house is difficult to heat.
14. Are you ready to leave?
15. You would be foolish to go out in this weather.
16. John is quick to see the point.
17. He is very keen to get on.
18. We are proud to have him as a friend.
19. I am rude not to answer your letter.
20. I am happy to have you with us this evening


Ex.20C
1. His decision to resign surprised all of us.
2. He showed no inclination to leave.
3. Her resolution never to marry baffled all offers of love.
4. The City Council approved the proposal to build a new dam on the river.
5. Their readiness to accept the peace arrangement really surprised the diplomatic
world.
6. He refused the invitation to write another article on the subject.
7. The people of a country should have the freedom to choose their own social
system.
8. There is no need for you to start so early.
9. I am not under the obligation to render him any financial support.
10. They have the ability to wage biological warfare.
11. He is not the man to be frightened by the threat of war.
12. There are plans to be made at once.
13. This is a day never to be forgotten.
14. Give me the names of the people to contact.
15. The next train to arrive is from Edinburgh.
16. The last problem to be considered at our next meeting is how to invest the money.
17. Was Cortes the first European ever to see the Pacific Ocean?

18. The best man to see for your eye trouble is the professor of ophthalmology.
19. The way to get into the building is to clip in through the kitchen.
20. the first man to fly non-stop across the Atlantic was John Alcock.

Ex.20D
1. Environmental problem is a hard problem to be coped
with.
2. There is not time to lose. We must start at once.
3. This is an infectious disease to be wiped out in a few
years.
4. There is no sound to be heard.
5. I’ve spent two days here. There’s nothing to see.
6. This is a good book in which there’s much to be learnt.
7. This is an item of information not to say to any other
people.
8. This is a difficult question to answer.
9. At the sound of footsteps outside the window, I stole
out of the room, but there was nothing to be seen.
10. He is a man to be reckoned with.
11. She was firm in her refusal to accept his offer of
marriage.
12. I have accepted the invitation to go to their school for
an exchange of experience.
13. I need a box to hold the chessmen.
14. What is here to be proud of?

15. He always thinks that the bed is a good place to read
detective stories.
16. I have a lot of questions to consider every day.
17. the only way to deal with her is not to give an inch.
18. She is not a woman to be trifled with.
19. My brother was the third person to be interviewed.
20. You have left me very little to say.

Ex.20E
a)
her neighbors supposed her to be widow.
2. He felt the plan to be unwise.
3. We must admit him to be a genius.
4. The Court declared the book to be obscene.
5. Teachers have found the overhead projector to be invaluable as a teaching aid.
6. The majority of critics thought the film to be highly original.
7. Many of the audience considered the speaker to have overstated his case.
8. Evidence showed the man’s alibi to be a complete fabrication.
9. The architect’s clients had assumed the construction of such a building to be
impracticable whereas the architect himself believed it to be perfectly feasible.
10. At a very early stage, Paderewski revealed himself to be a master of the keyboard.
11. Everyone knew him to be a man of integrity.
12. Detectives investigating the robbery discovered ￡20,000 worth of precious
stones to be missing.
13. Although most people once thought it to be impossible, several climbers have now
scaled the north face of the Eiger in winter.
14. Our correspondent understands it to be impossible for tourists to enter the country
at present.
15. Members of the Government itself acknowledge many of their predictions to have
been over-optimistic.

b)
16. The police believed that their informant was reliable.
17. Our correspondent reports that the situation is now under control.
18. The sitting member stated that it is unlikely that he would stand for Parliament at
the next election.

19. Many British people thought that it was cruel to send animals in rockets into outer
space.
20. Everyone assumed that what he said to be based on fact.
21. Pressed by shareholders for further details, the chairman confessed that it is likely
that profits would show a further fall.
22. On the other hand, he maintained that his long-term optimism be to justified.
23. The Prime Minister clearly suspect that his party has little chance of winning the
next election.
24. The climbers reckoned that the ascent had taken nearly five and a half hours.
25. The witness later disclosed that his evidence had been perjured.
26. Researchers have now proved that earlier theories were incorrect.
27. The Government calculated that the gain in reserves was has been somewhere in
the region of ￡30m.
28. The man was accused of receiving goods, knowing that they had been stolen.
29. A group of electors declared that their candidate was unacceptable to them.
30. Although many MPs felt the cost of the scheme to be excessive, they still
recognized that its implementation was desirable.



第21 讲
Ex.21B
1. The police hope to solve the crime soon.
2. The Minister of Labour readily agree to meet the union leaders.
3. He didn’t even acknowledge receiving having received the invitation.
4. The witness reported seeing having seen a dark saloon car parked outside the bank
at the time of the robbery.
5. I didn’t recall his saying having said any such thing.
6. The defeated champion swore to have his revenge.
7. The Company has decided to close down uneconomic factories.
8. The accused admitted receiving having received the stolen goods.
9. He claimed to be an expert in such matters.
10. The accused pretended not to understand the lawyer’s questions.
11. The headmaster suggested my trying the examination again the following year.
12. I don’t recollect actually promising to help you.
13. A group of MPs has advocated the Government setting up a special commission of
inquiry.
14. Do you anticipate there being any real problem in getting support?
15. The chairman threatened to resign if his policies were not adopted.
16. the student resolved to do better next time.
17. Sure he won’t deny being there on that occasion.
18. I vowed never to follow his advice again.
19. The management promised to look into the workers’ grievances.
20. No teacher would profess to know all the answers.

21. No one doubted his being sincere in his beliefs.
22. I can’t imagine his ever agreeing to such a proposition.
23. He admitted having made the same mistake again.
24. I hope to have read this book by next Friday.
25. Closing the factory means putting people out of work.


第23 讲
Ex. 23E
1. The Countess was amused at the young man’s discomfiture.
2. He was annoyed at the way she treated her servants.
3. Everybody was astonished at the young man’s outburst.
4. He was obviously not bothered with etiquette.
5. he was not contented with the reception they gave him.
6. The Countess, however, was delighted with his presents.
7. I am not disappointed in with you.
8. Don’t get excited by your coming adventures.
9. Roger was fascinated by everything around him.
10. he was already interested in hunting.
11. The countess was very pleased with his answer.
12. She was completely satisfied with his progress.
13. At first, she had been shocked by his rudeness.
14. His old father would have been surprised at his conduct.
15. Now, his father would not have been worried about his behaviour.


Ex. 23F
are adamant that you should resign.
2. We are afraid that you have made a serious error.
3. I’m ashamed that you should have behaved in that way.
4. I am certain that there will be a public inquiry.
5. We are concerned that you should feel so offended.
6. It’s curious that you should say that.
7. We are delighted that you see our point of view at last.
8. It is essential that you should have complete trust in us.
9. The Captain is furious that you should have revealed the secret.
10. We feel greatly honored that you have received us so magnificently.
11. Everyone is insistent that we should prolong your stay.
12. We are greatly relieved that we shall have no more travelling.

13. I’m not sure that I’ll be able to come with you.
14. Is it true that you should said that?
15. I’m surprised that you don’t know your programme.

第24 讲
Ex. 24A
1. The terrain was explored scientifically.
The terrain was scientifically explored.
2. Scientifically, the argument was absurd.
3. I simply do not understand you.
4. Perhaps you will understand if I speak simply.
5. He made me thoroughly angry.
6. You have thoroughly studied this chapter.
You have studied this chapter thoroughly.
7. I much appreciate your kindness.
8. I very much appreciate it.
I appreciate it very much.
9. I honestly mean what I say.
I mean what I say honestly.
Honestly, I mean what I say.
10. John always writes to me honestly.
11. If you do not know the details, you may answer the question generally.
12. These questions are not difficult and we can generally answer most of them.
These questions are not difficult and we can answer most of them generally.
13. Your theory may be right. However, you will find it very difficult to apply
practically.
14. Such enormous distances are practically impossible to imagine.
15. This is hardly my business.
This hardly is my business.
16. I can hardly hear you.
17. I can just hear you.
18. This is only for your ears.
19. This is for your ears alone.
20. Will you kindly come this way?
21. I thought I spoke to her kindly.
22. I also spoke to her mother.
I spoke also to her mother.
Also, I spoke to her mother.
23. I spoke to her mother as well.
24. The house badly needs repainting.
The house need repainting badly.
25. They have painted it badly.
26. It has been badly painted.
27. We have to live economically.

28. Somehow we have to manage.
29. Sometimes we feel disheartened.
We sometimes feel disheartened.
We feel disheartened sometimes.
30. We shall never surrender.

Ex. 24C
1. lately 2. shortly 3. mostly 4. first 5. last 6. largely 7. pretty 8. easy
9. clean 10. quickly 11. late 12. hard 13. quickly 14. rightly 15.
closely 16. wrong 17. right 18. slowly 19. sharply 20. direct 21. near
22. fine 23. sharp 24. hardly 25. loosely 26. clearly 27. Sure 28. easily
29. sure 30. highly


第25 讲
Ex. 25D
1. than 2. as 3. as 4. so 5. as 6. the 7. the 8. the sooner 9. as 10.
as 11. than 12. as 13. as 14. than




第26 讲
Ex. 26E
1. They are to go to South America by way of the Unites States.
2. The spy caught last week was in the pay of a foreign secret
agency.
3. In the wake of the guide, I climbed and climbed and finally
we got to the top of the mountain.
4. Ted was absent from the meeting on the score of illness.
5. Owing to the financial crisis, millions of people were living
on the verge of starvation.
6. A nation must be masters of themselves instead of living at
the mercy of fate.

7. We shouldn’t promote economic growth at the expense of the
environment.
8. Our schools are open to all irrespective of race, color or
creed.
9. She is bent on buying an expensive car regardless of the cost.
10. We must develop our economy in the line with the principle
of self-reliance.
11. We must n ot contaminate the environment on the pretence
of developing industry.
12. My neighbour Old Tom lived entirely alone, apart from a big
black car named Blackie and a big black dog called Boris.
13. Previous to the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against
Japan in 1937, china’s four north-eastern provinces had been
under the Japanese occupation for 6 years.
14. Liu Shao-qi believed that all he did was in the interest of the
Chinese people.
15. We must always be on the watch for the enemy’s subversive
activities.
16. There were still doubts on the part of the police.
17. Owing to the financial crisis, that country’s economy was on
the brisk of bankruptcy.
18. In the event of a financial crisis, the common people will

suffer a lot from inflation and unemployment.
19. The ship was sailing full stem in the teeth of a strong wind.
20. He decided to retire ahead of time on the ground of ill
health.


Ex. 26H
1. Despite their menacing appearance, most reptiles aren’t really vicious if you leave
them alone.
intense heart.
3. I must remind you of your responsibility
towards your friends.
4. In spite of the clear scientific evidence,
people still refused to believe that cigarette
smoking was dangerous.
5. Thanks to the invention of urethane wheels,
today’s skateboarding knows no limits.
6. No one told me of these problems.
7. On account of his knowledge of the mountainous country, Charles Lee was
appointed us our guide.
8. For all his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man.
9. No one is sorry about Simon’s resignation.
10. With all your huge secretarial staff, it still seems to take you a week to answer a
simple letter.
11. Many of the war prisoners died on the march either from starvation for from
severe wounds.
12. I assure you of my willingness to stand down.
13. I think the chief let us go simply out of sympathy with us in our plight.
14. There are criminals who will commit murder for money.

15. She was obliged to wear think, high boots for fear of poisonous snakes.
16. But for Wallis, we would have lost the match.
17. The proposal concerning child health was rejected.
18. Since the receipt of the news, everybody has been happy.
19. He worked very well, to the astonishment of every one of us.
20. Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan.


第27 讲
Ex. 27A
a)
1. You’re an American, I suppose.
2. I’m afraid she won’t be able to arrive on time.
3. I’ll have another cup of tea, if you please.
4. You promised to give me some help, if I’m not mistaken.
5. You are really a lucky man, if I might say so.
6. I’d like to leave the windows open, if you don’t mind.
7. I’m sorry to say you are quite wrong.
8. I suppose no less than one hundred people were killed in the crash.
9. I guess you haven’t had your dinner yet, if I’m not mistaken.
10. You haven’t paid me yet, if I’m not mistaken.

b)
11. He smokes like a chimney, he does.
12. With any question the rogue will be severely punished.
13. Never have I seen a queer man like him.
14. I was indeed very glad to hear the news.
15. He will certainly give you a lot of help.
16. I’m not at all i interested in medicine.
17. There is no doubt whatever about it.
18. I’ll be hanged if that’s true.
19. You won’t catch him smoking again.
20. Not a single soul was seen in the house.



Ex. 27B
1. I never have much to do in the morning.
2. Some of us have not finished it yet.
3. I have not much to do in the morning, either.
4. His wife didn’t ever make him curry.
5. I didn’t tell anybody anything.
6. We have not enough evidence yet.
7. There isn’t anybody doing research in this field.

8. Smoking has not anything to do with cancer of the lung.
9. Tar from cigarette tobacco, painted onto the skin of mice, didn’t produce skin
cancer on some of them.
10. This doesn’t apply to any of the people here yet.
11. This experiment hasn’t revealed anything of importance.
12. It doesn’t help us in our daily work, to a certain extent, either.
13. We needn’t don’t have to go a long way to find anyone as good as this.
14. Robertson is not yet living at this address.
15. He has not away from home a very long time.
16. Hundreds of students cannot find anywhere comfortable to live.
17. The doctor hasn’t ever given men any useful advice.
18. There are not many people in the auditorium yet.
19. I cannot understand either of these two sentences.
20. I cannot understand any of these ten words.


Ex.27C
2. a) All the people were not at work. (=Everyone was absent.)
b)Not all the people were at work. (=Not everyone was there, some were at work,
some weren’t.)
3. a) everyone here doesn’t agree with you. (=All the people here disagree.)
b) Not everyone here agree with you. (= Some of the people here agree with you,
some don’t.)
4. a) Much of the food was not bad. (=Most of the food was good, only a small
portion was bad. )
b) Not much of the food was bad. (=Only a small portion was bad.)
5. a)One of the runners didn’t hear the starting pistol. (=Only one of them didn’t hear,
the others did.)
b)Not one of the runners hear the starting pistol. (=none heard)
6. a)Another reason for the delay was not given. (=There was another reason for the
delay which was not given.)
b)No other reason fro the delay was given. (=There was only one reason for delay.)
7. a)A little of the money was not spent on this project. (=Most of the money was
spent on this project; only a little was not.)
b)Little of the money was spent on the project. (=Almost no money was spent on
the project.)
8. a)A few of you will not have heard the warning. (=Most of you, I suppose, have
heard the warning.)
b)Few of you will have heard the warning. (=most of you, I suppose, have not
heard the warning.)
9. a)Half of the work has not yet been completed. (=Only half of the work was done.)
b)Not half of the work has already been completed. (=Only a small portion of the
work was done.)
10. a)The least of our problems has not been solved. (=Almost no problem was

solved.)
b)Not the least of our problems has been solved. (=A good number of our
problems have been solved.)


第28 讲
Ex. 28A
1. There was a car ready for us.
2. There was a man sitting on that fence.
3. There was a student who came to see you.
4. There was another student who I ought to see.
5. There’s at least one book about the travels of Marco Polo in our library.
6. There’ll be a good film at the Rex next week.
7. There certain be trouble at the factory.
8. There were s everal trains coming into the station at the same
time.
9. During the Great Fire, there were thinks called firesquirts
used in an attempt to quench the flames.
10. Is there anyone waiting to see me?
11. There were people who believed that an ancient city lay
somewhere in the mountains.
12. There was an old cellar with a thick flint wall beneath our
house.
13. There was a boy named George Sampeter sat in the same class as me.
14. There were monkeys under the trees, swinging from the branches, everywhere.
15. There was a strange caller yesterday who wouldn’t say what his business was.
16. There is likely to be a large audience.
17. There should be a stronger light on the staircase.
18. There must have been a mistake.
19. There are several thousand little islands in the Maldives.
20. There was a bolt on my front door but I never used it.


Ex. 28C
1. On the top of the hill there stood there was an impregnable castle.

2. There will be will come a time when you look back on this day with pride.
3. Mary didn’t agree about being no need for mothers to g out to work.
4. Were you disappointed at there not having been more applause?
5. John asked for there to be give-and-take on both sides.
6. There was a cow crossing the road.
7. There is no plant that doesn’t need light and water.
8. We don’t want there to be any disturbance.
9. There being an index to this book is a great advantage.
10. I’m surprised at there not being an index being no index.
11. We have no objection to there being a meeting here.
12. It’s impossible for there to be a mistake in a computer’s arithmetic.
13. It’s not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and
young.
14. There’s an important message just being decoded.
There is just being decoded an important message.
15. There were quite a number of very valuable jewels stolen.
16. There was expected to more discussion.
17. There is are believed to be a number of wounded on both sides.
18. There is a meeting about the new building yesterday.
19. There have been three accident at this crossroads this week.
20. There’s a lawn that extends from the house to the river.
21. There’s said to be trouble on the border.
22. I can just remember the trouble there was about it a year ago.
23. There will be people anxious that the plan should succeed.
24. There seems to be a widespread change of attitude.
25. There was a day when it rained from morning till night.


第29 讲
Ex. 29A
1. It is possible that the Joneses will come to the party as
well.
2. It doesn’t matter very much whether they will come or
not.
3. It is quite likely that he will let you down.
4. It seems that you have taken a dislike to him.
5. It happens that I have had some nasty experiences in

dealing with him.
6. It was rather complicated getting the car on the boat.
7. It would be a good idea to get up a petition.
I think it is a good idea to get up a petition.
8. It is a great pleasure to be here with you this morning.
9. It was so kind of you to invite us.
10. It doesn’t matter in the least what you say.
11. It is remains a mystery how he came to have such a valuable painting.
12. It is regretted that you should feel obliged to resign at this point.
13. It would be pity to spoil such a fine drawing.
14. It makes me feel sad seeing you sitting here all alone.
15. Is it very dull living here?
Do you find it very dull living here?
16. It is possible for me to forgive him.
17. It was not known whether there was gold left in the mine.
18. It looks as if the park is very small.
19. It seems as thought our plan is perfect.
20. It was clearly indicated that he didn’t want to speak to me.


Ex. 29B
1. It gets dark early in winter.
2. It’s no use asking her. She doesn’t know anything.
3. It’s two miles to the station from here.
4. Have you seen it hail?
5. We leave it to you to decide what must be done.
6. It’s said that the spy slipped arsenic into his tea.
7. It’s a pity that you missed the concert.
8. It looks as if he were very afraid.
9. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
10. It was several months before we met again.

Ex. 29D
1. It was his wife that the m an treated viciously.
2. It is only for three months that she has been studying French.
4. It was to London that Tom went on Tuesday.
5. It is green that he has painted the windows.
6. What he is determined to do is (to) pass the test.
7. What he will be doing is flying to Moscow.
8. It was the machine that he could not repair.
9. It was from Henry that John bought the car.
10. It was by a man carrying a copy of the Times that we were not at the station.
11. It was at the price that he was surprised.
12. It was monitor of the class that the students elected him.
13. It was because he’d never had the opportunity that John hadn’t yet learned to
drive.
14. It was Henry that I met in New York.
15. What I did was (to) tell her the sad news.


第30 讲
Ex. 30A
1. Brian locked the door and went to a nearby
pub.
2. Tom speaks Chinese fluently but can’t write
in it.
3. On Friday afternoon, the students study
current affairs, or have league meetings if
there’s nothing special to study.
4. Ruel and Cameron went into the forest and
collected a lot of insect specimens.
5. On his way up the hill Jack fell down and

hurt his hand and knees, but Jimmy got to the
top all right.
6. The girl decided to remain at home, for it
was raining hard.
It was raining hard and the girls remained at
home.
7. They could not decide what to do and asked
my advice.
They asked my advice, for they could not
decide what to do.
8. For the first time I saw my father not as the
giant of my childhood but simply as a lonely
man.
9. Fewer blacks are leaving the rural South
these days, not because farming has become
more popular but because industry is moving
in.
10. The four largest hotel companies in the
United States are Hilton, Sheraton, Hyatt, and
the fastest growing (hotel company) Western
International.
11. Education is the largest “industry” in the nation either in terms of dollars spent or
in terms of people involved.

12. There is not only conclusion in these lines but also elegance.
13. Mr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.
14. In the United States television has been called a source of information, a means of
entertainment and, as its severest critics call it, a “plug-in” drug.
15. For decades FBI agents wiretapped the phone of American citizens with the
attorney general’s approval but without warrants.


Ex. 30C
1. My summer’s work proved not only interesting but also instructive.
2. A college education was both necessary and inexpensive.
3. Both Mary and her husband will do it. 4.
5. Her lectures are witty, interesting and carefully outlined.
6. Macy is a middle-aged woman, short, stocky, blue-eyed and party gray-haired.
7. She told us to read the text carefully and to write a short review of it.
8. He is either an absolute piker or a fool.
9. He likes not only the girl but also the family.
10. The students are not only organizing social activities, but also showing an interest
in political questions.
11. One should take care of one’s physical self as well as one’s his intellectual self.
12. He can neither sing nor can he compose.
13. He either needs a rest or some cold drink.
He needs either a rest or some cold drink.
14. Neither Pauline nor her husband wanted to attend the meeting.
15. Donna was satisfied neither with her own achievement nor with the team
performance.
16. The boy does not smoke, nor drink alcohol, nor idle away his time.
17. Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
18. We were told to write in ink, to use but one side of the paper, and to endorse our
papers in the proper manner.
19. New Hampshire is the only state with neither a sales tax nor an income tax, a
major attraction for tax-weary residents of other states.
20. The admen convince the reader not only that the Continental is a luxury car but
also that the car confers status on its owner.
21. Give him an inch, and he’ll take a mile.
22. You should try and finish the paper by Saturday.
23. Mr. Jones is principal of the school, moreover, he is an expert in translation.
24. As soon as he arrived in town, he went and saw the doctor immediately.
25. Just take a look at that fellow, and you’ll get sick.


第31 讲
Ex. 31A
1. the film I saw yesterday was dull.

2. If Provided that the weather keeps fine, I see no reason why the village fete should
not be a success.
3. Because he didn’t get up early enough, he missed the train.
4. A German whose acquaintance I made in Hamburg last year is coming to see me.
5. One of the students who were trapped in the cave has already been brought out.
6. Because As she spoke French quickly, I
couldn’t understand her.
7. As any of these problems can be solved by
ordinary intelligence and hard work, none of
them are too difficult for us.
8. Because illness kept him away from school,
he didn’t get the prize.
9. The auditorium might be the place where I
lost my pen.
10. As When Whenever he ate too little and
worked too hard for weeks on end, he became
ill.
11. When As he came out of the Conference
Room, he was surrounded by reporters.
12. While my wife was using the vacuum
cleaner, I was trying to listen to a broadcast
play.
13. Unless you promise to behave yourself,
you shall not go to the party this afternoon.

14. His mother waited up until he came home.
15. As When After Because he had spoken
for three hours, he had a sore throat.


Ex.31C
1. He urged that I drive carefully.
2. He ordered that the man remain in a camp.
3. She insisted that we go there on foot.
4. He asked that his sister cook the dinner.
5. She requested that I telephone her family.
6. Grandmother urged that we bring the children for the Summer.
7. He demanded that I answer all the questions.
8. Our parents insist that we come home by ten.
9. The doctor ordered that the nurses watch the patient carefully.
10. She insisted that we tell her the truth.
11. They requested that we sit down and have a cup of tea.
12. The hostess urged that we all stay for dinner.
13. The rules require that players wear tennis shoes.
14. The boss suggests that his secretary learn shorthand.
15. The policemen ordered that he men move one.
16. The union leader urged that the members accept the offer.
17. The general commanded that his troops advance into the town.
18. The real estate agent suggests that we sell the house.
19. The captain ordered that the crew abandon the ship.
20. The editor insisted that we change the title of the book.

Ex.31D
1. Before John came home, I had finished reading the newspaper.
2. While we were eating dinner, our guests arrived.
3. John was reading when Harry entered.
4. Since I graduated from high school, I have been studying at the university.
5. Before I read that book, I must finish this one.
6. After Johnny finished his homework, he went out to play.
7. Before I serve the dessert, you must finish your dinner.
8. Before I came to the United States, I had studied English in my own country.
9. When I got the school yesterday, I found that classes had been canceled.
10. What have you been doing since you moved away from the neighborhood?
11. I’ll be busying shopping until the store closes at six.
12. While I’m studying, I like to play the radio.

13. Where do you stay when you visit Washington?
14. While I’m in the country to study, I hope to do some sightseeing.
15. While the baby is napping, her mother has a chance to rest.
16. After the orchestra had played for several hours, the embassy provided the
musicians with refreshments.
17. He couldn’t go to medical school until he had to get his B.A degree.
18. No sooner had the criminal found the shelter than he was caught by the
policemen.
19. The fields don’t require irrigation until the weather is dry in the summer.
20. I have been wearing glasses ever since I entered the university.


Ex.31E
1. I can’t tell you what he looks like, for I have never met him.
2. The teacher is very strict with us, simply because he wants us to make rapid
progress.
3. … not because….but because 4. It was simply because … 6. Since the
weather… 7. Just because he was…
8. It must be early morning, because for the birds are singing.
9. … because he is poor? 10. Since the streets …. 11. …. When the telephone rang
12. Just as we …. 13. Melbourn shammed the door, so that he awakened his mother.
14. 15. While in applied physics … 16. Sneer unkindly though you may …
17. …. Though it rain tomorrow 18. …even though I prefer a bath
19. Since As he was ill, …
20. Acceptable in formal style, but in formal style “because” should be changed into
“that”.



第32 讲
Ex.32A
1. We went via Worcester as to miss the traffic jam.
2. I haven’t decided whether to answer his letter or not.
3. He opened his mouth wide as if to speak.
4. His work was so good as to make him internationally famous.
5. The man to consult is Wilson.
6. To hear him talk, you would think he was a celebrity.
7. She stood up to been seen better.
8. As we talked of where to meet, I noticed something unusual in his tone.
9. He was the first man to discuss the question with Professor Halliday.
10. My brother got up early in order to have enough time to pack.
11. Whether he had changed his mind about what to say I did not know.
12. Is he really a man to be trusted?

13. We consider that the girl to be trustworthy.
14. We ask every citizen to watch closely any
developments in this matter.
15. The place (for you) to stay is the Hilton.
16. David was miserable unless he had
neighbors with whom to quarrel.
17. Betty works too slowly to be much use to us.
18. I’ll buy you some magazines to red on the journey.
19. We thought it wrong to punish him.
We thought it wrong form him to be punished.
20. In order for a vote to be valid, the deputy must be present and vote in person.


Ex. 32C
a)
1. so that it might should look 2. so that there should be
3. so as not to get 4. so as not to leave 5. so that the room should look
6. so as to avoid 7. so as to have 8. so that we should not have
9. so as not to have 10. So that I should not be 11. so that it should not get
12. so that it should be 13. so as not to get 14. so as to cover
15. so that my arms should not get 16. so as not to get
17. so that the brush should not get 18. so that it may can be used
19. so that it shall not get 20. so as to use
b)
1. so kind as to invite 2. so (that) I was 3. so happy that I danced
4. to get 5. so unfortunate as not to get 6. for the snow to be
7. so thick as to cover 8. cold enough to freeze 9. so (that) I had
10. so kind as to send 11. for it to arrive 12. too excited to united
13. so (that) I cut 14. for me to wear


Ex.32D
1. Playing the piano is my favorite pastime.
2. Is it worth while doing such experiments?
3. they insisted on holding a reception in our honor.

4. I have got used to doing this kind of work.
5. After booking the ticket, she began to pack her things.
6. Instead of criticizing him, we should praise him.
7. Have you any objection to carrying out the plan?
8. At the meeting he stressed the importance of following the
mass line.
9. Rebuilding this canal has already brought many benefits to
our national economy.
10. Seeing so many people before her, she felt very nervous.
11. Having lived in Sichuan for many years, I know that place
very well.
12. Pointing at a new building, he said, “This is our club.”
13. We began to knock at the door, thinking that was his home.
14. The river being too wide, we couldn’t swim across.
15. Such being the case, I won’t insist on your staying here.
16. The weather being so warm, someone suggested having a
party in the open air.
17. Being so excited, he didn’t know what to say.
18. She sat there silently, tears streaming down her cheeks.
19. When he got to the village, he found the girls picking cotton
in the fields.
20. Yesterday afternoon the school master caught some pupils

smoking cigarettes in the classroom.


Ex.32E
1. Anyone not hearing that noise must have been stone-deaf.
2. We were delayed by heavy trucks being loaded onto the ship.
3. Suddenly feeling dizzy, Mrs. Wilson sat down quickly.
4. Presents costing less than ten pounds in all may be imported duty-free.
5. Planning to buy a car, Mrs. Jay opened a savings account.
6. Any dutiable articles not declared to the Customs will be liable to confiscation.
7. Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by 8 o’clock.
8. The man was accompanied by a porter weighing at least 160 kilos.
9. The castle, burnt in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.
10. Putting Having putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the window and
looked out.
11. Used economically, one tin will last for at least six weeks.
12. Any driver not having a license ought to be sent to jail right away.
13. It rained for weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday.
14. Everybody, hearing the noise, jumped up in alarm.
15. Cars parked illegally were removed.
16. The men working on the site were in some danger.
17. At the station, we were met by a man carrying a copy of the Times.
18. Anyone providing information leading to the conviction of those responsible will
receive a reward not exceeding ￡1000.
19. Living in the country, we had few amusements.
20. The British Museum has a right to one copy of any book appearing in Britain.


Ex.32F
1. I hope to finish the paper by Saturday.
2. We think it strange from to say a thing like that.
3. I showed them how to do it.
4. He is not the man to be trifled with.
5. He worked all night to get the job down in time.
6. He was believed to have been a reporter.
7. I can’t understand him behaving so foolishly.
8. I don’t remember you ever speaking on that subject.
9. Mary is the lady to vote for.
10. Ambushed and concerned, the enemy surrendered.
11. Spock’s having pointed ears is intriguing.
12. Will anyone wanting a ticket please apply to me?
13. While waiting at the dentist’s, I read the whole of the story.

14. I feel it to be a rare occasion, occurring, as it does, only once in many years.
15. We shall never make it without worrying.
16. He felt ashamed of having done a little.
17. I can’t imagine anything happening to him.
18. United, we stand; divided, we fall.
19. Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
20. Considered as a work of art, the building is rather disappointing.


Ex. 32G
1. Knowing that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare.
2. Having barricaded the windows, we assembled in the hall.
3. Becoming tired of my complaints about the programme, she turned off the wireless.
4. Finding Having found no one at home, he left the house in a bad temper.
5. Hoping to find the will, she searched everywhere.
6. Having removed all traces of his crime, the criminal left the building.
7. Realizing that he had missed the last train, he began to walk.
8. Exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed.
9. Having spent all his money, he decided to go home and ask his father for job.
10. Having escaped from prison, he looked for a place where he could get food.
11. Having heard the story before, she didn’t want to hear it again.
12. Having found the treasure, they began to quarrelling about how to divide it.
13. Entering the room suddenly, she found them smoking.
14. Turing Having turned on the right, I was astonished at what I saw.
15. Having visited the museum, we decided to have lunch in the park.
16. Thinking we were lost, he offered to show us the way home.
17. Having found his revolver and loaded it, he sat down facing the door.
18. Realizing Having realized that she couldn’t move it alone, she asked me to help
her.
19. Having fed the dog, he sat down to his own dinner.
20. Addressing the congregation, he said he was sorry to see how few of them had
been able to come.
21. In this chapter the characters, lying face downwards in a set of mud, have an
unintelligible conversation.
22. Looking Having looked through the fashion magazines, I realize that my clothes
are hopelessly out of date.
23. the tree, uprooted by the gale, had fallen across the road.
24. People sleeping in the next room were wakened by the sound of breaking glass.
25. Knowing that the murderer was still at large, I was extremely reluctant to open the
door.
26. Having been accommodated in an inn, he looked for a place to have supper.
27. Socked to the skin, we reached the station eventually.
28. Sitting in the front row and equipped with a pair of binoculars, I saw everything
beautifully.

29. Knowing that the bull was bad- tempered, I didn’t like to cross the field.
30. Believing that she could trust him, she gave him a blank cheque.
31. Slates, ripped off by the gale, fell on the people passing below.
32. The lion, finding his cage door open and seeing no sign of his keeper, left the cage
and walked slowly towards the zoo entrance.
33. The government, trying to tax people according to the size of their houses, put a
tax on windows.
34. Having heard that the caves were dangerous, I didn’t like to go any further
without a light.
25. Wearing extremely fashionable clothes and surrounded by photographers and
pressmen, she swept up to the microphone.


Ex.32H
1. Eager to begin the climb, the men rose at first light.
2. The summit, bare and black, towered above them.
3. 4. They found a ledge narrow enough for one man.
5. Thoroughly exhausted, they crawled into their sleeping bags.
6. Stiff in every joint, they could hardly stand.
7. When fresh, the snow afforded no sure foothold.
8. The wind, keen as a razor, drove them back into the shelter of their tent.
9. though light as a feather, their tent somehow remained firm.
10. The rescue party brought them down to the base camp, half-dead with the cold.
Half-dead with the cold, they were brought down to the base camp by the rescue
party.
11. Although Though a lawyer by training, he became a great soldier.
12. We shall continue our policy, whatever your objections.
13. An even-tempered man, Paul nevertheless became extremely angry when he heard
what had happened.
14. He sat down beside Christina, feeling the warmth of the sun against his face, able
to relax for the first time in days.
15. Angry with the girl for oversleeping, Mrs. Serafino went down to wake her up.
16. The heir to a fortune, Bob’s friend didn’t need to pass examinations.
Bob’s friends, the heir to a fortune, didn’t need to pass examinations.
17. A notorious burglar, Bob Rand found it easy to force open the lock.
Bob Rand, a notorious burglar, found it easy to force open the lock.
18. A blatant liar, Ron Pall was expelled from the group.
Ron Pall, a blatant liar, was expelled from the group.
19. A man of integrity, he will keep his word, I’m certain.
20. As if by previous arrangement, she came to the palace from Deptform by water,
while Leicester arrived by land.


Ex.32I

1. She stood back and looked at him, her face smiling radiantly.
2. His exam finished, Porter stumbled wearily out of the room.
3. Henry Adams ran from the room, cold shivers running down his spine.
4. The station wagon sped away, the taillights disappearing into the distance.
5. Dinner over, the family scattered to their various haunts.
6. His opponent gaining a lead of almost 200 000 votes, the senator publicly conceded
that he had lost his election bid.
7. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
8. There being no way for me to cross, I walked upstream on the south side.
9. James sat down, wiped his forehead and smiled complacently, his good humor quite
restored.
10. Marie sat on the edge of a frail wooden chair in Kirby’s suite, (the) champagne
glass in her hand, tears in her eyes.
11. All the money having been spent, Jack started looking for work.
12. A little girl walked past, her doll dragging behind her on the pavement.
13. The guests having departed, Father kicked off his shoes and stretched out on the
couch.
14. Hilda marched stiffly from the room, her face blazing with anger.
15. (With) the whole meeting in uproar, the chairman abandoned the attempt to take a
vote.
16. Task completed , I went to bed.
17. In front of him stood a man, gun in hand.
18. The clock having struck twelve, we had to leave.
19. Walking into the room, I saw Grandpa sitting at the desk, newspaper spread before
him.
20. The professor rested against the blackboard, chalk in one hand, textbook in the
other.
21. Jimmy walked slowly to the corner of the playground, face streaked with tears.
22. Stomachs crying for food, backs burning from too much sun, the two boys
gathered their gear and headed for home.
23. Packages under arm, maps in hand, I made my way to the Chevy pickup parked in
front of the stone.
24. A small cotton bag over his face, hands tied behind his back, a noose fixed
securely about his neck, the prisoner stood quietly on the wooden platform.
25. The breeze becoming gustier, white caps giving the lake a frothy, sinister
appearance, the evening grew more menacing.



第33 讲
Ex. 33A
1. Thank you very much for the present you sent me.
2. She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp.
The student (who, whom, that) she was dancing with had a slight limp.

3. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box (which that) I was phoning from.
There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.
4. The chair (which that) I was sitting in suddenly collapsed.
The chair in which I was sitting suddenly collapsed.
5. I missed the train (which that) I usually catch, and I had to travel on the next,
which was a slow one.
6. Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of
whom were wearing evening dress.
7. The string (which that) they tie up parcels with is so weak that the parcel usually
comes to pieces before you get it home.
The string with which they tie up the parcels is so weak that the parcel usually
comes to the pieces before you get it home.
8. The boy(who whom) Peter shared a flat with was a philosophy student and wanted
to sit up half the night discussing philosophy.
The boy with whom Peter shared a flat was a philosophy student and wanted to sit
up half the night discussing philosophy.
9. She said that the men were thieves, which turned out to be true.
10. He paid me ￡1 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been washed
for at least a year.
11. But he would have to be careful not to offend Crass, the foremen, who could give
him the sack at any moment.
12. He spread a rumour that the president was going to resign, which led to a great
confusion in the country.
13. The Southern States rebelled and set up a state of their own where they would be
free to keep Negroes as slaves.
14. One day in 1906, Pierre, who was crossing a road, was run over and killed.
15. Nothing is hard in the world for anyone who dares to scale the heights.
16. He asked me to explain to him the art of writing poetry, which cannot be taught.
17. Immediately the Israeli armoured units opened fire, killing four Lebanese military
policemen and injured the fifth, who later died of his wounds.
18. The building, which was enormous, had not yet running water.
19. He was clever and quick at his work, for which he was honoured with the title of
model workers.
20. He likes reading, which I am glad to hear.


第34 讲
Ex.34H
1. How many days are there in February if it is not a leap year?
2. What places do you usually like to visit if you come to Shanghai?
3. In the old days, there used to be millions of people dying of hunger and pestilence
in case of flood.
4. When he lived in Shanghai, he used to like classical music of he went to a concert.
5. If she (has) promised to come to the party, she will certainly come.

6. If I can get a loan from the bank, I’ll buy a house.
7. His health won’t improve unless he gives up smoking at once.
8. I won’t buy this picture even if I could afford it.
9. If there weren’t so many mosquitoes, it would be a perfect evening.
10. What would you do about the problem if you were in my shoes
11. If the president hadn’t violated the Federal Law, he wouldn’t have been forced to
resign.
12. If the shop had packed the goods properly, they wouldn’t have got damaged.
13. If it had not been for the stabilizing effect of the Renmibi, the financial crisis in
East Asia would have worsened.
14. If you had taken my advice, you would not be in a difficult position now.
15. If the bank had lent her the money, she would be moving to a large house.
16. If I could speak English, I would have expressed my ideas more clearly.
17. If I knew her address, I would have sooner written to her.
18. If I were her, I would never have accepted their invitation.
19. If it had not been for the misfeasors of the president, he would not have been
impeached.
20. If it were not for the financial crisis in East China, China’s economy would be
developing at a greater speed.


第36 讲
Ex.36B
1. All in their twenties, the three men pleaded not guilty.
2. A grandfatherly old man, the judge looked harmless and ready to believe us from
the beginning.
3. Columbus’s assumption that the land he had discovered was the eastern extremity
of Asia was soon proved wrong.
4. Some people, especially student readers, like to look for a “moral” in everything
they read ----- a “moral” being some rule of conduct which they regard as applicable
to their lives.
5. Columbus’s report that there was a king in the south who owned great quantities of
gold lured lots of explorers to the search for El Dorado.
6.
The suspicion that smoking has something to do with cancer rests on several kinds of
evidence.
7. The fact that you went to sleep during my lecture suggest that you should go to bed
earlier at night.
8. The knowledge that I can always call upon you for support is a great comfort to me.
9. They were building a bridge across the river, a bridge which was intended to carry a
great deal of traffic.
10. Yesterday I went skating ----- something I hadn’t done for years.
11. He is now faced with an important decision ----- a decision that can affect his
entire future.

12. Many members were absent, notably the vice- chairman.
13. A number of American Presidents, including McKinley, Harding, Roosevelt, and
Kennedy in the 20
th
century.
14. They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station was 30 miles away.
15. The idea that my watch might be wrong did not occur to me.
16. When a victim suffers a major burn ----- one which at least 20 percent of the skin
is lost ----- damaged usually extends far beyond the burn site.
17. A dry lightening storm, that is, a thunderstorm without rain, started a fire in a
remote part of the forest in August.
i’s railroad station is the starting point for East Africa’s most traveled
passenger train.
19. A people of inventors and discoverers, philosophers and soldiers, poets and
craftsmen, the ancient Chinese gave the world many of its most useful things; paper
and gunpowder, printing and compass.

Ex.36C
1. I usually go to Paris in summer.
2. We always meet in the park on Sunday afternoon.
3. Just about an hour ago I saw John in the office.
4. I always have a cup of tea in bed before I get up.
5. I seldom get up early on Sunday.
6. He always plays well in an important game.
7. We usually eat out when we go to the theatre.
8. He spoke very well at the debate last night.
Last night he spoke very well at the debate.
9. He arrived at the meeting punctually at eight o’clock.
10. We are going to meet at John’s house at nine o’clock tomorrow.
11. I pay my rates once a month this year.
12. The telephone rang twice while you are out.
While you were out, the telephone rang twice.
13. This week we have lectures all the morning every day.
14. This summer, I shall be away for a day or two several times.
15. During the winter of 1947, there were power cuts for two or three hours at a time
almost every day.
16. Interviews will take place between nine and twelve every weekday next month.
17. Visits to the museum will be between two and four during the summer.
18. That morning, wives, mothers and sweethearts waited with highly commendable
patience on the quay.
19. Towards evening the officer on duty pointed excitedly towards the west.
20. On October 4
th
, 1954 we waited at Bristol for several hours.
21. Coming home late last night a little drunk, he fell into the ditch.
22. The small girl screamed in terror as the furry caterpillar crawled slowly along the
leaf.
As the furry caterpillar crawled slowly along the leaf, the small girl screamed in

terror.
23. Some students very much enjoy arguing with one another excitedly in gloomy
café.
24. He told me that on his first visit to London he had arrived at Victoria at exactly
four minutes past four on the 4
th
April, 1944.
25. Early in the morning, the Duchess has often been seen carefully choosing
vegetables in the market.

Ex.36E
1. moreover 2. In other words 3. Also 4. In other words That is to say
5. In that case 6. Still 7. however 8. Actually 9. so
10. Nevertheless 11. after all 12. Furthermore 13. for all that
14. conversely 15. consequently 16. As a result 17. then 18. therefore
19. Besides 20. First; secondly; Thirdly and most importantly


第37 讲
Ex.37B
1. …. And I have done so. 2. … than he was doing before
3. … and does not do archaeology 4. … but he didn’t do so
5. … so does Sally 6. ….better than he does his wife
7. … it has not done so 8. No, but we do.
9. … but his wife did to Chicago. 10. … and he did so to me, too.


Ex.37D
1. I’m afraid not. 2. I think so. 3. I guess not. 4. I suppose so.
5. I expect not. 6. I doubt it. 7. I hope so. 8. I fear not.
9. I thought not. 10. I’m afraid so. 11. I’ve been told so.
12. All people say so. 13. I hope not. 14. I believe so.
15. I think not. I don’t think so. 16. So I’ve heard.
17. It seems not. 18. I’m sure of it. 19. So I’ve seen. 20. So I’ve noticed.



第38 讲
Ex.38A
1. The Chinese are as interested in food as are the French, and go to immense trouble
to see that it is properly cooked.
2. The people of Guangdong have developed an astonished variety in their cooking,
and brought the presentation of sharkskin soup to an exceedingly fine art.
3. Chinese food has to be served in small pieced, picked up little by little with
chopsticks, and eaten slowly.
4. Rice is generally eaten in the south of the country, but wheat in the north.

5. The meat and vegetables are cut up very small in the kitchen, cooked in a large iron
bowl, served hot.
6.
7. Sichuan is the best place for Chilies and Guangdong for stuffed snails.
8. The Chinese eat their food with chopsticks, the Europeans with knives and forks.
9. European marriages are often celebrated with champagne, Chinese marriages with
a meal of at least a dozen courses.
10. A western- style dinner would not include bread on the menu, nor would a Chinese
dinner include rice.
11. Many people have been suffering , and many people still are suffering from
influenza.
12. You say people have influenza two or three times a year, but they don’t really.
13. During an epidemic many people seem to escape infection but they do not really.
14. A young animal has to decide which of the things around it are to be eaten and
which to be avoided.
15. Some animals swallow, others instinctively avoid highly dangerous objects.
16. The young animal is playing a game which can be and often is, very dangerous.
17. The young animal is protected from danger by its parents, or by some mechanism
built into its nervous system from the start.
18. Some people require eight hours’ sleep a night, others are satisfied with six or less.
19. We cannot give a formula for individual sleep requirements, nor a reliable average
for different age groups.
20. People who pride themselves on needing little sleep may imagine themselves
more efficient than others, but in fact they often prove to be less.


Ex.38B
1. Jane is dusting the furniture because Bob won’t.
2. Her life is yet , as it has always been, one ceaseless round of work for others.
3. he remained a great lover of sport, as he had been, in his youth.
4. Although told to stop, John kept on working till late at night.
5. I am happy if you are.
6. I gave my energy to other subjects though continuing to collect sufficient data for
my research work.
7. Though seriously wounded, he flatly refused to quit the battlefield.
8. The relationship between our two countries is essentially good, even if progressing
slowly.
9. Although the youngest of the class, Mary captured all the prizes.
10. Be careful you don’t’ catch cold.
11. They are meant to wound, perhaps to kill.
12. I caught the train, --- I just.
13. For all he has worked hard, he failed the examination.
14. I take it you are going to the party this evening.
15.

16. Whatever your problems, they can’t be worse than mine.
17. There is somebody wants you on the phone.
18. He is not the impractical bookworm he used to be.
19. I have seen all there is left to see in the city.
20. The police rounded up all the men known to have been in the building at that time.


第39 讲
Ex.39A
1.a) Even though While men may deny it, women may soon be able to compete with
them in most sporting events.
b) Women may soon be able to compete with men in most sporting events, but men
may deny it.
2. a) Though it will increase social security taxes by thirty percent, the new law is
enacted.
b)A new law is enacted which will increase social security taxes by thirty percent.
3. a) When their house was ransacked by a juvenile gang, the mayor and his wife were
attending a conference on prison reform.
The mayor and wife, whose house was ransacked by a juvenile gang, were
attending a conference on prison reform.
b) When the mayor and his wife were attending a conference on prison reform, their
house was ransacked by a juvenile gang.
4. a) The Warren Report, though accepted by most Americans, has left many questions
unanswered.
b) The Warren Report, which has left many questions unanswered, has been accepted
by most Americans.
5. a) Since acupuncture is so alien to the Western concept of Medical treatment, it
continues to be suspicious by the Western world.
b) The Western world continues to be regarded acupuncture with suspicion, perhaps
because it is so alien to the Western concept of Medical treatment.
6. a)Provided (that) they can overcome serious problems like crime and pollution,
cities like New York and Detroit can survive.
b) cities like New York and Detroit can survive if they can overcome serious
problems like crime and pollution.
7.a)While traditional churches are rapidly losing members, Oriental religions seem to
be attracting thousands of American youth.
b) While Oriental religious seem to be attracting thousands of American youth,
traditional churches are rapidly losing members.
8. a) Thomas Edison remained active and creative into his 80s, but his most
productive year came at the age of 35.
b) Thomas Edison, whose most productive year came at the age of 35, remained
active and creative into his 80s.
9. a) A country need not worry about being attacked as long as it remains militarily
strong.

b) If a country remains militarily strong, it need not worry about being attacked.
10. a)Many liberal arts graduates will have difficulty finding employment unless they
are willing to accept work outside their major interests until the economic situation
becomes more favorable.
b) Until the economic situation becomes more favorable, many liberal arts graduates
will have difficult finding employment unless they are willing to accept work outside
their major interests.


Ex.39B
1. ….. Nowhere else will you find … 2. Nowhere else have I seen …
3. At not time during his long stay in Shanghai did he come to our school.
4. … At no time during the previous term had he worked hard.
5. …. Not a single paper did he write the whole term.
6. …. Not a day did she spend without having …. 7.
8. Not only did Jimmy pass the exam, but he got …
9. Only an hour ago did he find out that ….
10. Only through sheer luck did Carl manage to pass the …
11. Only when I heard his voice trembling did I realize ….
12. Only yesterday did he ring me up.
13. Only because someone had given him a lift did he get to the meeting in time …
14. On no account will the manager tolerate ….
15. On no account will china allow any other …
16. Under no circumstances will China become a superpower.
17. No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed …
18. No longer these days is it necessary for women to spend hours of …
19. No longer should women put up with …
20. … No more will he work for the boss.
21. No wider than a foot was the space between the goalkeeper and the post …
22. … but equally important is the question of expense.
23. … So was his behaviour towards his son.
24. In no other department store will you find such a wide variety of goods.
25. In no other restaurant have I experienced such bad service as in this one.
26. Not for the life of me can I understand why ….
27. Not for a moment can the old man imagine that the world …
28. Not for one minute do I think that …..
29. Not for anything would that boy part with his family.
30. Not for anything will I give up halfway.
31. Not for nothing has the volleyball team won the world cup.
32. …. Is Chinese tea famous all over the world.
33. so impressively did he speak that everyone…
34. So strong was the impact he made on us all that ….
35. …. but was even then could she believe it.
36. … that not even after he was 75 would he stop working

37. … not even if he was threatened with expulsion from school would he waver
38. Hardly had he begun to speak when ….
39. Scarcely had he got to the office when ….
40. …. Hardly a single paper did he write last term. 41.
42. Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.
43. Seldom do we have the opportunity of receiving such a distinguished writer.
44. … rarely do they go to school by bus.
45. … and away went the car like a flash.
46. … when in walked the teacher.
47. … when in he came.
48. … and out popped a mouse.
49. … when down came the rain. 50. … but out it popped.

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