淮安地税-转学申请书

2006年6月
一、
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the
truth.
通讯技术在传递真相的时候并不是简单地和真相本身一致。
The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has
found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in
emails.
从第一项对使用不同通讯媒介时的诚实程度的比较重可以看 出，人们在使用
电话时的说谎几率是使用电子邮件时的两倍。
The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt (困
扰) you-appears to be the key to the finding.
因为电子邮件内容会被自动记录下来----并可能对你造成困扰 ----这就是这
项研究的关键所在。
Jeff Hancock of Cor'nell University in Ithaca ['iθəkə] , New York, asked 30
students to keep a communications diary for a week.
Jeff Hancock在位于纽约州伊萨卡的康奈尔大 学执教，他曾要求30个学生
记录一周中每天的通讯情况。
In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting
more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.
参与其中的人需要记录超过10分钟的对话或者电子邮件通讯的数量，并且要
坦诚自己说了多少 谎话。
Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.
He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27
percent of face- to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.

Hancock据此推算出使用各种通讯媒介在每次 交流过程中说谎的次数。他得
出结论：谎言在电子邮件通讯中占了14%，在当面沟通中占了27%，而 在电话
交流中占了37%
His results, to be presented at the conference on human computer interaction in
Vienna[viˈenə], Austria['ɔ:striə], in April, have surprised psychologists.
这项研究结果于4月份再奥地利维 也纳的“人与电脑互动国际会议”上被宣
读，并且令心理学家们感到惊讶。
Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception
makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of e-mailing would make
it easier to lie.
有人认为电子邮件是最主要的 谎言媒介，因为欺骗会让人不适，而电子邮件
非直接接触的特性使其更容易成为谎言发生的渠道。
Others expected people to lie more in face-to- face exchanges because we are
most practiced at that form of communication.
还有人认为在当面交流的过程中更 容易说谎，因为当面交流史最常见的沟通
方式。（因为人们更擅长当面交流，所以撒谎技术更娴熟）。
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and
could be reread, and whether occurs in real time.
但是Ha ncock认为同样重要的是对话过程是否会被记录下来并能够被重新
阅读，以及对话是否是即时发生的 。
People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later
be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than
on the phone.
当人 们觉得时候要对交流过程负责时，就会对说谎存有恐惧感。这就是为什
么电子邮件中的谎言要少于电话中 的。
People are also more likely to lie in real time-in an instant message to phone call,

say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.
Hancock说，与有时间思考如何回应的情况相比，人们也更倾向于在即时交
流过程中说谎 ---例如在即时信息或者电话中。
He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected
demand, such as:
他发现很多谎言都是对一些偶然问题脱口而出的回应，例 如：你觉得我的
裙子怎么样？
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their
employees to communicate.
Hancock希望他的研究结果能帮助公司找出员工之间沟通的最佳途径。
For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are
encouraged to stretch the truth.
But, given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best
done using email.
但是根据该项研究结果，在做以诚实为重的工作时，最好还是发电子邮件。

二、
In a country that defines itself by ideals,not by shared blood,who should be
allowed to come,work and live here?
在一个以理念，而不是血缘定义自身的国家里，什么样的人才可以来到这里
工作和生活呢？
In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more
pressing.
在袭击事件之后，这些问题的紧迫性达到了前所未有的程度。
On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland securty ,federal
and local authorities in 14 states staged
arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).
200 1年12月11日，作为增强国土安全工作的一部分，联邦和14个州的机关发
动了“安全旅行操作”行 动----搜查了机场并逮捕了使用假身份证的雇员。
In Salt Lake City there were 69 those captured were anything but
terrorists,most of them illegal immigrants from Central or Sounth American .
在盐湖城有69人被捕。这 些被捕的人形形色色，但是就是没有恐怖分子，他
们中大多数人是来自中南美洲的非法移民。
Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to

blankmall(讹诈)by terrorists.
当地政府说，非法劳工的不合法身份使他们容易受恐怖分子讹诈。
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt
as if they were being treated like disposable goods.
许多在盐湖城的移民对于被捕感到非常气愤，并表示感觉自己就像被丢弃的
东西一样。
Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent.
Anderson市长称这些人的感受就某种程度而言是有根据的

way in terms of what our laws are,and then when it's convenient for us,or when we
can try to make a point in terms of national security,especially after Sept.11,then
you'er disposable There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong
reasons,
“我们声称想让你们在这些地方工作，但我们的法律却让我们用另外一种方式 来
看待你们，因而在适当的时候，或在我们以国家安全为由的时候，特别是在
之后，你们就被丢 弃了。有些人全家都因为这些不合理的理由而被扫地出门。”
If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested
and could have gone on quietly living in America,probably indefinitely .
如果没有发生，机场工作人员就不会被捕，可以在美国一直过着安宁
的日子，可能永
远这样生活着。
Ana Castro,a ,amanager at a Ben & Jerry'sice cream shop at the been
working 10 years with the same false Social Aecurity card when she was arrested in
the December airport raid.一位名叫Ana Castro的机场Ben Jerry's雪糕店经历，使
用伪造的社会 保障卡工作已经有10年了，直到她在12月机场搜查中被捕。
Now she and her family are living under the threat of deporation(驱逐出境).

Castro's case is currently waiting to be she awaits the outcome ,the
government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at
Ben&Jerry's.
现在她和家人生活在可能被驱逐出境的威胁下。Castro的案 件目前正等候处
理。在她等待处理结果时，政府允许她在美工作，所以她又回到Jerry's继
续她的工作。
2006年12月
一、
Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water， which is
harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland， Canada.
从加拿大纽芬兰海岸附近的冰山采集而来的Ic eberg瓶装水，在北美到达了
流行的新巅峰。
Arthur von Wiesenberger， who carries the title Water Master， is one of the few
water critics in North America.
拥有“水之大师”头衔的Arthur von Wiesenberger，是北美为数不多的“水评家”
之一。
As a boy， he spent time in the larger cities of Italy， France and Switzerland，
where bottled water is consumed daily.
孩童时代的她，在一些意大利、法国和瑞士的大城市里待了很长一 段时间，
那些地方每天会消费大量的瓶装水。
Even then， he kept a water journal， noting the brands he liked best. “My dog
could tell the difference between bottled and tap water，” He says.
从那之后，他写了一本水日记 ，记录他最喜好的品牌。“连我的狗都可以分
辨瓶装水和自来水”他戏称。
But is plain tap water all that bad？ Not at all. In fact， New York’s municipal
water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until

recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.
但平淡无味的普通自来水就那么糟糕吗？不尽然。事实上，过去的一个多世
纪以来，纽约的水被称为自来水中的香槟酒，最近更被人称为在未到和纯净方面
属于全球最好之一。
Similarly， a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River
tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more
expensive.
同样，一本英国杂志发现 院子泰晤士河的自来水尝起来远比一些贵上400倍
的大牌瓶装水要好。
Nevertheless， soft－drink companies view bottled water as the next
battleground for market share—this despite the fact that over 25 percent of
bottled water comes from tap water： PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca－Cola’s Dasani
are both purified tap water rather than spring water.
然而，软饮料公司认为瓶装水是下一个市场份额的战场--- 尽管事实上超过百
分二十五的瓶装水来自自来水。Pepsico公司的Aquafina和Coca- Cola的Dasani
两者都是净化过的自来水，而非矿泉水。
As diners thirst for leading brands， bottlers and restaurateurs salivate （垂涎）
over the profits.
用餐者都渴望喝大牌的瓶装水，瓶装水供应商和参观则垂涎背后的利润。
A restaurant’s typical mark－up on wine is 100 to 150 percent， whereas on
bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent.
餐厅通常会在将酒价标高至100%到150%，然后在瓶装水上，通常是300%到
500%
But since water is much cheaper than wine， and many of the fancier brands
aren’t available in stores， most diners don’t notice or care.

但由于水比酒廉价多了，况且许多稀奇古怪的品牌在商店里买不到，大多数
用餐的人也就不注意，不关心了。
As a result， some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water.
结果，好些餐厅都在想方设法卖瓶装水。
According to an article in The Street Journal， some of the more shameless
tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell， listing brands
on the menu without prices， and pouring bottled water without even asking the
diners if they want it.
根据 《华尔街日报》的一篇文章，一些比较无耻的手法包括：在餐厅桌上放
置有人的瓶子用以视觉销售；菜单 只罗列瓶装品牌却无价格；还有叶不问用餐者
是否想要，直接给你倒瓶装水。
Regardless of how it’s sold， the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire
for better health， our wish to appear cultivated， and even a longing for lost purity.
且不论销售手段，瓶装水的流行利用了我们那一 份对健康的渴求，那一份看
起来有教养的心愿，以及那一份对于久违了的纯净的渴望。
二、
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from
curing disease to preventing disease - especially in terms of changing our many
unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.
如今我们发现，社会医疗保健的重心正从治疗疾病转移到放置疾病--- 尤其在
改变我们诸多不良习惯方面，如：暴饮暴食，抽烟和缺乏锻炼。
The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further.
与该改革息息相关的一类观点都需要进一步摸索。
Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very
nutritious(有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes
to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home

most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal
blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.
想象这样一个人，体 重恰好，偏不吃有营养的失误；感觉良好，但鲜有机会
锻炼；每天上班，但业绩一般；晚上大多在家里喝 些啤酒，但不会酒后驾车；而
且胸部不痛，血压正常，可惜睡的很多且时常觉得累。
This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But
we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
这个人不算生病，他甚至没有什么风险换上疑难杂症。不过我们能想象，这
个人可以更健康。
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who
is merely
body's special needs.
在医药领域中，传统上我们并不区分那些仅 是“没病”的人和那些健康且注意
身体特别需求的人。这两类人都被称作“健康的人”。
Both types have simply been called
specialists have begun to apply the terms
actively striving to maintain and improve their health.
然而，近年来，一些健康专家开始使用“身体好”和“健康”这两个术 语，仅用
于那些正在积极努力维持并改善自身健康的人。
People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise and they make a
point of monitoring their body's condition.
身体好的人总会关注营养和锻炼，并且懂得监察自身的状况。
Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all
matters related to their health.
也许最重要的是，身体好的人会对一切和健康相关的问题主动负责。

Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be
this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in
the face of their physical limitations.
在这种新定义下，只要面对个人身体极限之时仍能尽其所能维持健康，就算
身患顽疾或者身有残 缺的人也算是身体好的人。

but as an ideal that people can strive for.
“健康”或许不应该被看做是一种人们可以达成的境界，而是一种人们为之努
力的理想状态。
People who are well are likely to be better able resist disease and to fight disease
when it strikes.
当疾病侵袭的时候，身体好的人更能够抵御对抗。
And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of wellness can
have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
另外，多注意健康生活之道。健康的概念对于人们面对日常生活的挑战也大
有益处。



2007年6月
一、
I've been writing for most of my life.
我一辈子大部分时间都在从事写作。
The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one

practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.
《写作无师自通》这本书想我介绍了一种区别和一种练习。帮助我大大提高
了写作水平。
The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind.
区别是关于创造性思维和评判性思维之间的区别。
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in
parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
你需要做的是运用两者帮助你得到一个结果，但是他们不能同时起作用，无
论我们多么想要这样做。
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing
that most of us encounter.
试图匆忙地批判写作内容可能是我们大多数人在写作时遇到的最大障碍。
If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while
you are trying to capture a fleeting （稍纵即逝的） thought, the thought will die.
如果你按照五年级英语老师教你的，在努力抓紧稍纵即逝的想法的同时纠正你的语法，这个想法肯定会消失。
If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw
form, no one is likely to understand.
如果你抓住了稍纵即逝的想法，但仅以其原始的形式和世界分享，或许没有
人能够理解。
You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the
tool for thinking that it is.
如果你想要把写作作为思考的工具，必须学会首先创造，然后批判。
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as
you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”

练习是指ELbow所说的“自由写作”，它可以帮助你改正边写边改的话习惯。
In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for
15-20 minutes.
在自由写作中，我们的目标是在15-20分钟的时间内不间断写作。
No stopping, no going back, no criticizing.
不停顿，不回头，不作批判。
The goal is to get the words flowing.
这样做的目的是使文字流畅起来。
As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let
themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
当语言开始流畅，想法就会从阴暗处涌现出来，呈现在你的笔记本或者电脑
屏幕上。
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind
that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.
现在，你有进行评判性思维的原材料了，建议你坐下静静地查看文稿。
Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have
and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
通常，你会认为这个环节所需的时间比你实际需要的时间 要长，并且直到最
后一刻，你还盯着文稿，头脑一片空白。
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad.
不要盯着空白的屏幕，无论多么糟糕，都开始写下去。
Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into
something closer to finished product.
写作时间进行到一半时，停下来整理你的初稿，让它更接近终稿。
Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most

likely be far better than your current practices.
不断前后重复，直到时间用尽。这样， 你所得到的终稿会比你用现在在练习
中写的文稿要好得多。
二、
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again.
我不想再谈关于作为一位女性科学家的问题了。
There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what
it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.
有一段时间，人们不断地问我在男性主导的领域中工作的故事。
I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found
them interesting.
我不擅长将这些故事，因为实际上我并不觉得它们有趣。
What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time
and the nature of black holes.
我真正感兴趣的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状和黑洞的本质。
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be
the only woman in the classroom.
在19岁的时候，我开始学习天体物理学，作为班上唯一的女性，我一点也不
觉得苦恼。
But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space
research, the issue started to bother me.
但是当我在麻省理工学院攻读博士学位和之后作为博 士后进行太空研究时，
这一点开始让我觉得苦恼。
My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the

lens of gender (性别) were my failures.
我的每一项成就----工作，研究论文，奖项--- 都被人们从性别政治的角度进
行审视。我的失败也一样。
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于)
right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my
behalf and all womankind.
有时候，当我陷入左脑和右脑，天赋 与培育的争论中时，我会立刻为我自己
和所有的妇女进行激烈的抗辩。
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would
eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that
anymore.
然后再很多年以后的一天，我口中冒出一句最终成为我对所有挑 衅的回答：
“我不再讨论这个问题了”

It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I
didn’t want to deal with gender issues.
我花了十年的时间重获19岁时的自信，让自己认识到我不再想要处理性别的
问题。
Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female
scientist?
为何性别歧视要成为每位女性科学家的另一个可怕的负担？
After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
毕竟，我不是社会学或政治理论的研究者。
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City.
现在，我在Barnard---纽约的一所女子学院进行研究和授课。

Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were
women.
最近，有人问我班上的45个学生中有多少是女性。
You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45.
你很难想象我在回答时的满足感：45。
I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific
research and a desire for I don’t dismiss those concerns.
我知道有些学生会担心如何处理科学俺就和生儿育女之间的矛盾，我不会不
理会这些担心。
Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of
their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.
但是，我也不会跟她们讲述“战争”的故事，相反，我会 告诉他们：他们的物
理教授身怀六甲仍然坚持做物理实验的景象。
And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of
science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
作为回报，他们给我我45个热爱科学的女性的形象。这才是值得谈论的景象。


2007年12月
一、
By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction.
无论如何，网络教学已经十分流行。
In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering
some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90

percent.
近几年来，有34%的美国大学开始提供不同形式的远程 教学，而在较大的大
学里，这个数字已经接近90%。
If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the
University of Phoenix.
如果你对这与潮流表示质疑，那么或许你还没有听过凤凰城大学。
It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000
students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the
country.
这所大学的学位都是通过网络教学授予的，目前学生总数为9万人，该数字
使之号称是美国最大的私立 学校。
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually
signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading
assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by
e-mail.
尽管这些课程的具体教学内容不尽相同，但 远程教学通常意味着老师会在网
站上公布教程大纲，阅读作业和进度安排，而学生通过电子邮件交作业。
Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized
or eliminated altogether.
一般而言，师生间面对面交流会很少，甚至没有。
The attraction for students might at first seem obvious.
起初，这种教学形式对学生的吸引是显而易见的。
Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do
the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣).
主要是网络课堂很便利，正如其宣传的一般，学生可以穿着睡衣来上学。
But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to

the course.
然而数据表明，课堂参与的减少导致学生学习不是很努力。
While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20
percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent.
美国大学本科新生的退学率约为20%，而对于 参加网络教学的学生而言，这
个数字达到了35%。
Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup.
学生本身也明白这个机制的不足之处。对
In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less
than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good
as the classroom course.
康奈尔大学远程教学部的调查结果显示，只有不到三分之一的受 访者热认为网络
课程的质量和传统课堂一样。
Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved.
无疑，从学校的角度，网络教学能节约大量金钱。
Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in
severs and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on
existing or minimally upgraded(升级) systems. < br>尽管部分更艰巨的项目需要新资金的注入来构建服务器的网络以支持协作
软件。其余大多数的网络 课程都可在现有或略微提升的系统上得以实现。
The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more
the schools saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and
maintaining parking lots.
网络教学招生越多，学校节约的成本 就越多：因为学院不来学校，学校的灯
无需开着，不必雇佣门卫，停车场也不用维修。

And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL
course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid
less. 同时，有证据显示对于远程教育的导师来说，诸多原因使得他们必须更加努力地
授课；也许他们的薪 酬不会增加，还有可能减少。

二、
In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no
shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied.
在这个充斥着网聊，电子游戏与真人秀的时代，并不缺乏让小孩子沉迷的玩
物。
Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her
leisure time writing short stories.
尽管有着这些诱惑，我8岁的女儿Rebecca，却希望花时间写写小故事。
She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she
won last year.
她打算将其中一个作品拿去比赛-------一个去年她获胜的比赛。
As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them.
作为一名作家，我十分了解写作比赛中赢和输意味着什么。
I know what it is like to work hard on a story to receive a rejection slip from the
publisher.
我知道，当辛辛苦苦写完一个故事却遭到出版社的拒绝是一种什么样的心
情；
I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous
victories.

我也知道，要维护从前的成功所带来的声望需要承受多么大的压力。
What if she doesn’t win the contest again?
加入女儿这次赢不了比赛会怎么样呢？
That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and
dashed hopes can surface.
作为父母，这是无比奇怪的事情。我们以往的很多伤痕和破碎的梦想会慢慢
浮现出来。
A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?”
“No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”
知道上星期，我得到了启示。我问她： “你想再赢一次吗？”“不”女儿回答，
“我只想告诉大家一个天使上一年级的故事”
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them.
我其实已经花了好几个星期在女儿不自觉地讲述时修正她的故事。
Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer
across the hall.
我告诉自己，这无非是一个有经验的作家在引导一个新作家而已。
I offered suggestions first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a
little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.
我给 了她不少建议，关于角色，冲突以及故事的结局，在我的“指引”下，这
个原本讲小天使担惊受怕地开始 念一年级的故事，很快变成了一个充满丰富想象
力的女孩开始第一节音乐课的历程。
I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.
在我不经意时，我已经把她的比当成了自己的比赛。
Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks.
放手给孩子空间成长不想看起来那么简单。

Because I know little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first
grade. 因为我对能用工具的农场动物，或者一年级的小天使一无所知。
I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience.
我不得不承认我借用了女儿的经历。
While steeping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I
will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room
but close enough to help if asked.
尽管对于我来说放手不容易，但可喜的是，这回是一个好的开 端，我很快可
以学会更多，给自己一段合适的距离，既可以让女儿有发展的空间，同时在她需
要 时施以援手。
All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment ,
grow and find their own voices.
在这个过程中，我会一直提醒自己，孩子需要空间去尝试，去找到属于自己的路。





2008年6月
一、
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st
century, but- regardless of whether it is or isn't - we won't do much about it.
全球变暖或许是21世纪最大的环境危机，但无论是或不是，我们都不会对全
球变暖做什么。
We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly

solemn- sounding commitments to avoid it.
我们会不断地为此争吵，甚至可能以国家形式作出一些貌似严重的承诺，以
避免全球变暖发生。
But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely
they are to be observed.
但是这些承诺看上去越是戏剧化，越是有意义，就越不可能成为现实。
A1 Gore calls global warming an truth,as if merely recognizing it
could put us on a path to a solution.
戈尔称全球变暖为“不可忽视的真相”，好像仅仅认识到其存在，我们就可以
找到解决办法。
But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and -
without major technological breakthroughs - we can't do much about it.
但是真正的真相是，我们并不具备足够的知识来缓 解全球变暖，如果没有重
大的科技突破，我们根本无法做出什么成绩。
From 2003 to 2050,the world 's population is projevted to grow from 6.4 billon to
9.1 billion ,a 42% increase.
2003年到2050年，世界人口预计将从64亿增加到91亿，上升42%。
If energy use per person and technology remain te same,total energy use and
greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050.
如果人均能源消耗和技术水平维持现状，总能量消耗和温室气体排放（主要
是二氧 化碳）到2050年将会增加42%。
But that's too low,because societies that grow richer use more need
econmic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and
freeze everyone else's living standards.
但是这还不算多，因为随着 社会越来越富裕，能源的使用也会相应增加。我
们需要经济增长，除非我们迫使穷人们处于现在的贫困状 态，并且让其他人的生

活水平停留在原地不动。
With modest growth,energy use and greenhouse emissions more then double by
2050.
就算在增长较少的情况下，到2050年，能源的使用和温室气体的排放也将至
少翻一倍。
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal
freeom (limits on electricity usage,driving and travel)that might cut back global
warming.
没有政府会使用严格的限 制经济增长和人身自由的措施（限制用电，驾驶和
旅游），虽然这些可能有助于环节全球变暖。
Still,politicians want to show they're somethingthe Kyoto
Protoco(京都议定书).It alowed countries that joined to punish those that didn'
it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签
字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
然而，政治家们想表现出他们正在“做些事情”。想想《京都协议》，它允许
参与国家惩罚那些没有加入的国家，但这并没有降低二氧化碳排放量（自1990
年以来上升了25% ），很多签字国并没有采用足够严格的政策以达到2008年--2012
年的目标。
The practical codusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster,the only
solution is new technology.
比较现实的结论是，如果全球变暖是场潜在的灾难，那么唯一的解决方法就
是新技术。
Only an aggressive research and development program miaght find ways of
breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
只有通过这一项积极的研究和发展项目，才可能找到方法打破现有的对矿物
燃料的依赖或者解决这一问 题。
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral proble

when it's teally an engineering one.
全球变暖这场辩论的麻烦在于，当它应该还是个工程问题的时候，已经成为
了道德问题。
The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're
helpless.
不可忽视的真相是，如果没有办法解决工程问题，我们就真的无能为力了。

二、

二、
High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping
customers happy is easier said than done
很多人宣扬高质量的客户服务，但实际上，要让客户满意说起来容易做起来
难。
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will
alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.
顾客很少会向商店 的经理或者老板投诉，然而，他们会提醒自己的朋友，亲
戚，同事，甚至任何愿意听信他们的陌生人不要 去光顾这家店。
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when
their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study
jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school.
维德咨询公司和沃顿商学院的联合调查表明，商店经理往往是最后听到抱怨
的 人，而且往往到了他们的老顾客频繁光顾竞争对手的店面时才发觉。
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President
of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a
replacement.”

“传言损害了零售商的利益，娱乐了消费者”维德公司的总经理葆拉- 考特尼
说，“商店失去了顾客，顾客也必须去寻找相应的替代”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no
longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to
three more due to negative reviews.
平均来说，每位不快的顾客至少会向四个人抱怨，并不再光顾 那家店。而商
店会因每位不悦的顾客的负面评论损失三位以上的顾客。
The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
这种滚雪球效应会对零售商造成灾难性的影响。
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most
problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.
该调查显示，买服装的顾客遇到的问题最多 。排在第二和第三位的分别是购
买杂货和电子商品的顾客。
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的)
shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude
salespeople.
最常见的抱怨包括爆满的停车场，塞满的货架，超载的货架，脱销 的产品，
付账的长队和粗鲁的销售人员。
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by
getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants.
在购物的高峰时间，有的零售商雇佣当地经常兼职协助泊车的工作。
Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces.
有的则雇佣摇旗者把顾客引到空车位。
This guidance climinated the need for customers to circle the parking lot
endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
这样的引导使顾客不必再没完没了地绕着停车场找寻空位，并且避免了 不同顾客

盯上了同意停车位而产生的冲突。
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales
items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on
hand to answer questions. < br>通过重新设计店面布局，预先储存在售的货物，雇佣高校且经验丰富的收银
员，以及让销售代表在 现场回答问题，零售商可以摆脱那些投诉带来的难题。
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
更重要的是，对待那些恼羞成怒的顾客，销售人员应该表现得老练和有礼貌。
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than
those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as
simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
“那些能够及时做出反应 并且态度友好的零售商比那些不那么友好的零售商
更容易顺利解决矛盾。”斯蒂芬- 霍克教授说，”也许一些诸如在商店门口安排一
个招待员的简单方式会有所帮助。
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the
retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world.
客户也可以通过直接向零售商提出投诉而不是向其他人抱怨的方式来改善
未来的购物经历。
Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
因为当零售商根本不知道他们做错了什么的时候，是很难去进行改善的。

2009年6月
一、
The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green
design has come. Organized by the New York- based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show
inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time.

一月份的时装发布会题为“未来的时尚”，展示了绿色设计的到来指日可待。
发布会是纽约的一家非 营利性机构“地球誓言”组织的，它鼓励很多顶级设计师首
次使用可持续发展的面料。
Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.
有几位设计师从此发誓在其发产品中使用有机面料。
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges.
承诺绿色设计的设计师仍然要面对很多挑战。
Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses
all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.
斯科特-哈恩和格雷戈里合伙创建了罗根和路穆斯特公司，该公司使 用全有
机棉进行生产。哈恩认为高品质的可持续性材料仍然很难找到。
“Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics
that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says.
“大部分现有品牌的设计师发现，可以取代你正在 使用和消费者已经习惯的
面料的等同产品还不存在”他说。
For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually
indistinguishable once woven into a dress.
例如，有机棉和无机棉一旦编织成服装，实际上就很难区分了。
But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly
equivalents.
但是某些流行的合成材料，例如弹力尼龙，几乎没有环保的替代品。
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.
正在尝试改变的人们发现他们获得了更多的支持。
Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its

participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two
springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to
designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. 去年，一个具有影响力的展销会“设计师与代理人”，不再向准备参加其将在
洛杉矶和纽约举办的两 次春季发布会的年轻绿色企业家收取参展费用，同时对那
些至少有25%的作品采用可持续性材料的设计 师给予了特别的重视。
It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two
years ago.
现在，绿色设计师的数量已从两年前的不足12人增至超过50人。
This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton
farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus
helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. “Mainstream is about to
occur,”says Hahn.
本周，沃尔玛公司宣布了一 项重大提议，目标是帮助种植棉花的农民进行有
机种植：沃尔玛打算以更高的价位收购过度型的棉花，这 将有助于旷达关键的可
持续性材料的供应。”主流将发生变化。哈恩认为。
Some analysts (分析师) are less sure.
部分分析师并不如此肯定。
Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6%
four years ago.
在消费者中，仅有18%的人意识到了环保时尚的存在，而4年前仅有6%.
Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer.
从事时尚写作的娜塔莉- 赫尔米娜就是一个还没转变观念的消费者的例子。
When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m
aware of.”

当被问起她有没有可耻性衣物时，她回答：“我不知道”.
Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on
the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.”
就像大部分的消费者一样，她 没有时间去购物，当他购物的时候，她寻找的
是“不是太贵的可爱物件”
By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind.
她承认自己还没有考虑到“绿色”。
But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one
day it will be.
但在设计师，零售商和供应商的共同努力下，总有一天她会开始考虑的。


二、
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived
using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of
criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .
科学家们 已经设计出了一种利用人的一缕头发头发估计其住处的方法，这种
技术有助于追踪犯罪嫌疑人或者身份不 明的谋杀受害者的动向。
The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up
in people’s hair.
该方法利用的是测量人们的头发中所显示的饮用水的化学成分差异。
“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a
geologist at the University of Utah.
“你就是你吃的喝的东西，在你的毛发中都有记录”犹他州地质学家托尔-瑟
林说。

While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary.
美国人的饮食比较类似，但是水源的供应差异较大。
The differences result from weather patterns.
这种差异是气候模式导致的。
The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.
随着雨云的移动，雨水的化学成分也有稍许的变化。
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are
also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) .
水中的大部分氢原子和氧原子处于稳定的状态，但是两种元素的轨 迹都以质
量更重的同位素形式存在，较重的雨先落下。
The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver
heavier water to California than to Utah.
结果，来自于太平洋的暴风雨会给加州带来比犹他州质量更重的水。
Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier
hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a
geographic timeline.
相似的模式在全美都 存在。通过测量一缕头发中较重的氢氧同位素的比例，
科学家们可以构建一个地理学的时间轴。
Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.
每一英寸的头发对应大概两个月的时间。
Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of
the regional differences.
瑟林的团队手机了来自600个城市的自来水样本，构建了区域间差异的地图。
They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected
from 65 barber shops.

他妈呢从65家理发店中收集了200份头发样品，用以测试该地图的准确性。
They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly
corresponding to the movement of raid systems.
他们能够准确地把头发的样本定位到降雨体系的移动粗略相对应的大区
“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating
many possibilities.”
“这种方法对于精确定位不一定有效”瑟林说“但可以排除很多可能性”

Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an
unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.
地方探员托德帕克说，这种方法帮他获得了一名身份不明的妇女的信息，该
妇女的 骸骨在大盐湖附近被发现。
The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of
hair.
这名妇女有五英寸高。警察发现了26块骨头，一件衬衫和几缕头发。
When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers.
当帕听说了该项研究之后，他把头发的样本交给了研究者。
Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved
about every two months.
化学测试表明，在她死前的两年，她每两个月就会搬一次家。
She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than
somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.
她曾经在西北待过，测试指出具体的地点是在俄勒冈州和 怀俄明州西部之间
的某地，但无法更精确了。
“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”
“这仍然是片很大的区域”，帕克说，“但这种方法已经为我缩小了范围。

2009年12月
一、
Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential
candidates and how they’ll change America.
在这一漫长而又紧张的选举期间，每个让你都把注意力集中在总统候选人以
及他们将怎样改变美国的问题上。
Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she
might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American
woman.
这样并没有错。但是从个人的角度来看，我更着迷于米歇尔奥巴马以及她可
能会做些什么--- 不但是为这个国家，更是为作为一个非裔美国人的我。
As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that
means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal
with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.
可能成为第一夫人的她，将会受到全世界的关注。这意味着历史上第一 次，
人们有机会近距离并以个人的眼光去仔细观察他们甚少注视的非裔美国女性。
Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined.
通常，黑人妇女的生活大部分都是不受关注的。
The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot- tempered single mothers
who can’t keep a man.
流行的看法似乎是，我们都是性格暴躁的单身母亲，没有办法留住男人。
Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype
of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒
的) mothers.

甚至在想象的世界里， 黑人妇女仍不能摆脱由从不结婚且酗酒的母亲抚养大
的一群爱翻白眼，性欲过剩的女性这一陈词滥调。

These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle
Obama.
这些形象决定了黑人妇女被看待的方式，包括米歇尔-奥巴马。
Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as
First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be
herself.
在她还未获得机会，以第一夫 人的身份投身于一项事业，慈善或者基金会之
前，她最迫切，最错综复杂的责任可能仅仅是做好她自己。
It won’t be easy.
这并不简单。
Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular
African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what
we face on a regular basis.
因为几乎 没有主流媒体会对普通的非裔美国女性进行深入的专题报道，我们
是什么人，我们怎么思考，以及我们日 常面的事情这些问题知之甚少。
For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.
无论怎样，米歇尔将会代表我们所有人。
Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have
little interest in the First Lady.
就像有批评她的人一样，她也会有数百万通常对第一夫人一点儿都不敢兴趣
的“粉丝”。
Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see
Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman

can support her man and raise a strong black family.
很多非裔美国人的博客上写满了他们希望米歇尔给白宫带去的改变--- 主要
是向世界展示一名黑人妇女可以支持她的丈夫，支撑一个强大的黑人家庭。
Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task.
米歇尔需要努力工作，让每个人满意 -----一项不可能的任务
But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着),
confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been
around for far too long.
但是对于很多像我一样的非裔美国女性而言，她的哪怕是一点儿沉着，自 信和智
慧都会改变一个存在已久的形象有长远影响。


二、
When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in
the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face;
生在2009年春季踏入牛津大学的时候，他们将会见到一张新面孔；
Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become
Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.当
下一年的高中毕业安德鲁- 汉密尔顿，55岁的耶鲁大学教务长，他将成为牛津大
学的副校长---- 这个职位相当于美国大学的校长。
Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic.
汉密尔顿并不是位移的跨越大西洋的教育学家。
Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires
from abroad.
法国，埃及，新加坡等地的学校最近也从国外一斤了高层管理人员。

Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like
so many businesses, it’s gone global.
高等教育已经变成当今社 会的一项大型且竞争激烈的商业，而且与很多商业
类似的是，它正在走向全球化。
Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one
direction: outward from America.
但是人才的流动却并非全球化。高级管理层的人员流动只有一个方向：离开
美国。
The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking
abroad.
主要原因在于每股大学并没有认真考虑过放眼海外。
For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new
president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the
university’s budget.
例如，当科罗拉多州大学的董事会寻找下一任校长的时候，他们想要找的是
一 名熟知联邦政府的领导者，而联邦政府正式大学经费预算的主要来源。
“We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair.
“我们没有任何关于全球化的考虑”董事会主席帕特里夏- 海斯说。
The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman
and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern
university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing,
since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund- raising ability is largely a
product of experience and necessity.、
董事会最终选择了布鲁斯-本森，一名69 岁的科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，
他可能能够胜任现代大学校长的最主要任务：筹集经费。筹集经费是典 型的美国
特色，因为美国的大学非常依赖捐款。筹集经费的能力在很大程度上是经验和需

求的产物。
Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government
funding.
于此同时，很多欧洲的大学仍然主要依靠政府的拨款。
But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number.
但是政府的支持却无法跟上学生人数的增长。
The decline in government support has made funding- raising an increasing
necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for
Americans.
政府支持的减少使筹集经费的能力成为管理者的一项日渐必要 的能力，使得
负责招聘的委员会嫉妒渴望聘请美国人。
In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend.
在过去的数年间，世界各地的名校都已经加入到这一潮流中。
In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former
Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her
previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
2003年，当剑桥大学雇佣埃里森理查德---另一位 耶鲁大学的前任教务长当校
长时，剑桥大学公开强调，在她的上一份工作中，在她的监督之下，“耶鲁大 学
的财务状况获得了极大的巩固”
Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of
education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience
of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body.
Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practice
当然，筹 集经费不是外来者所具备的唯一一项能力。教育的全球化意味着更多大
学会寻找具有某种国际经验的领导 人，以推广国际项目，吸引全球化的学生群体。
外国人可以为现有的运作方式提供全新的视角。

2006年6月
一、
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the
truth.
通讯技术在传递真相的时候并不是简单地和真相本身一致。
The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has
found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in
emails.
从第一项对使用不同通讯媒介时的诚实程度的比较重可以看 出，人们在使用
电话时的说谎几率是使用电子邮件时的两倍。
The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt (困
扰) you-appears to be the key to the finding.
因为电子邮件内容会被自动记录下来----并可能对你造成困扰 ----这就是这
项研究的关键所在。
Jeff Hancock of Cor'nell University in Ithaca ['iθəkə] , New York, asked 30
students to keep a communications diary for a week.
Jeff Hancock在位于纽约州伊萨卡的康奈尔大 学执教，他曾要求30个学生
记录一周中每天的通讯情况。
In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting
more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.
参与其中的人需要记录超过10分钟的对话或者电子邮件通讯的数量，并且要
坦诚自己说了多少 谎话。
Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.
He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27
percent of face- to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.

Hancock据此推算出使用各种通讯媒介在每次 交流过程中说谎的次数。他得
出结论：谎言在电子邮件通讯中占了14%，在当面沟通中占了27%，而 在电话
交流中占了37%
His results, to be presented at the conference on human computer interaction in
Vienna[viˈenə], Austria['ɔ:striə], in April, have surprised psychologists.
这项研究结果于4月份再奥地利维 也纳的“人与电脑互动国际会议”上被宣
读，并且令心理学家们感到惊讶。
Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception
makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of e-mailing would make
it easier to lie.
有人认为电子邮件是最主要的 谎言媒介，因为欺骗会让人不适，而电子邮件
非直接接触的特性使其更容易成为谎言发生的渠道。
Others expected people to lie more in face-to- face exchanges because we are
most practiced at that form of communication.
还有人认为在当面交流的过程中更 容易说谎，因为当面交流史最常见的沟通
方式。（因为人们更擅长当面交流，所以撒谎技术更娴熟）。
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and
could be reread, and whether occurs in real time.
但是Ha ncock认为同样重要的是对话过程是否会被记录下来并能够被重新
阅读，以及对话是否是即时发生的 。
People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later
be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than
on the phone.
当人 们觉得时候要对交流过程负责时，就会对说谎存有恐惧感。这就是为什
么电子邮件中的谎言要少于电话中 的。
People are also more likely to lie in real time-in an instant message to phone call,

say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.
Hancock说，与有时间思考如何回应的情况相比，人们也更倾向于在即时交
流过程中说谎 ---例如在即时信息或者电话中。
He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected
demand, such as:
他发现很多谎言都是对一些偶然问题脱口而出的回应，例 如：你觉得我的
裙子怎么样？
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their
employees to communicate.
Hancock希望他的研究结果能帮助公司找出员工之间沟通的最佳途径。
For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are
encouraged to stretch the truth.
But, given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best
done using email.
但是根据该项研究结果，在做以诚实为重的工作时，最好还是发电子邮件。

二、
In a country that defines itself by ideals,not by shared blood,who should be
allowed to come,work and live here?
在一个以理念，而不是血缘定义自身的国家里，什么样的人才可以来到这里
工作和生活呢？
In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more
pressing.
在袭击事件之后，这些问题的紧迫性达到了前所未有的程度。
On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland securty ,federal
and local authorities in 14 states staged
arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).
200 1年12月11日，作为增强国土安全工作的一部分，联邦和14个州的机关发
动了“安全旅行操作”行 动----搜查了机场并逮捕了使用假身份证的雇员。
In Salt Lake City there were 69 those captured were anything but
terrorists,most of them illegal immigrants from Central or Sounth American .
在盐湖城有69人被捕。这 些被捕的人形形色色，但是就是没有恐怖分子，他
们中大多数人是来自中南美洲的非法移民。
Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to

blankmall(讹诈)by terrorists.
当地政府说，非法劳工的不合法身份使他们容易受恐怖分子讹诈。
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt
as if they were being treated like disposable goods.
许多在盐湖城的移民对于被捕感到非常气愤，并表示感觉自己就像被丢弃的
东西一样。
Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent.
Anderson市长称这些人的感受就某种程度而言是有根据的

way in terms of what our laws are,and then when it's convenient for us,or when we
can try to make a point in terms of national security,especially after Sept.11,then
you'er disposable There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong
reasons,
“我们声称想让你们在这些地方工作，但我们的法律却让我们用另外一种方式 来
看待你们，因而在适当的时候，或在我们以国家安全为由的时候，特别是在
之后，你们就被丢 弃了。有些人全家都因为这些不合理的理由而被扫地出门。”
If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested
and could have gone on quietly living in America,probably indefinitely .
如果没有发生，机场工作人员就不会被捕，可以在美国一直过着安宁
的日子，可能永
远这样生活着。
Ana Castro,a ,amanager at a Ben & Jerry'sice cream shop at the been
working 10 years with the same false Social Aecurity card when she was arrested in
the December airport raid.一位名叫Ana Castro的机场Ben Jerry's雪糕店经历，使
用伪造的社会 保障卡工作已经有10年了，直到她在12月机场搜查中被捕。
Now she and her family are living under the threat of deporation(驱逐出境).

Castro's case is currently waiting to be she awaits the outcome ,the
government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at
Ben&Jerry's.
现在她和家人生活在可能被驱逐出境的威胁下。Castro的案 件目前正等候处
理。在她等待处理结果时，政府允许她在美工作，所以她又回到Jerry's继
续她的工作。
2006年12月
一、
Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water， which is
harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland， Canada.
从加拿大纽芬兰海岸附近的冰山采集而来的Ic eberg瓶装水，在北美到达了
流行的新巅峰。
Arthur von Wiesenberger， who carries the title Water Master， is one of the few
water critics in North America.
拥有“水之大师”头衔的Arthur von Wiesenberger，是北美为数不多的“水评家”
之一。
As a boy， he spent time in the larger cities of Italy， France and Switzerland，
where bottled water is consumed daily.
孩童时代的她，在一些意大利、法国和瑞士的大城市里待了很长一 段时间，
那些地方每天会消费大量的瓶装水。
Even then， he kept a water journal， noting the brands he liked best. “My dog
could tell the difference between bottled and tap water，” He says.
从那之后，他写了一本水日记 ，记录他最喜好的品牌。“连我的狗都可以分
辨瓶装水和自来水”他戏称。
But is plain tap water all that bad？ Not at all. In fact， New York’s municipal
water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until

recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.
但平淡无味的普通自来水就那么糟糕吗？不尽然。事实上，过去的一个多世
纪以来，纽约的水被称为自来水中的香槟酒，最近更被人称为在未到和纯净方面
属于全球最好之一。
Similarly， a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River
tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more
expensive.
同样，一本英国杂志发现 院子泰晤士河的自来水尝起来远比一些贵上400倍
的大牌瓶装水要好。
Nevertheless， soft－drink companies view bottled water as the next
battleground for market share—this despite the fact that over 25 percent of
bottled water comes from tap water： PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca－Cola’s Dasani
are both purified tap water rather than spring water.
然而，软饮料公司认为瓶装水是下一个市场份额的战场--- 尽管事实上超过百
分二十五的瓶装水来自自来水。Pepsico公司的Aquafina和Coca- Cola的Dasani
两者都是净化过的自来水，而非矿泉水。
As diners thirst for leading brands， bottlers and restaurateurs salivate （垂涎）
over the profits.
用餐者都渴望喝大牌的瓶装水，瓶装水供应商和参观则垂涎背后的利润。
A restaurant’s typical mark－up on wine is 100 to 150 percent， whereas on
bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent.
餐厅通常会在将酒价标高至100%到150%，然后在瓶装水上，通常是300%到
500%
But since water is much cheaper than wine， and many of the fancier brands
aren’t available in stores， most diners don’t notice or care.

但由于水比酒廉价多了，况且许多稀奇古怪的品牌在商店里买不到，大多数
用餐的人也就不注意，不关心了。
As a result， some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water.
结果，好些餐厅都在想方设法卖瓶装水。
According to an article in The Street Journal， some of the more shameless
tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell， listing brands
on the menu without prices， and pouring bottled water without even asking the
diners if they want it.
根据 《华尔街日报》的一篇文章，一些比较无耻的手法包括：在餐厅桌上放
置有人的瓶子用以视觉销售；菜单 只罗列瓶装品牌却无价格；还有叶不问用餐者
是否想要，直接给你倒瓶装水。
Regardless of how it’s sold， the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire
for better health， our wish to appear cultivated， and even a longing for lost purity.
且不论销售手段，瓶装水的流行利用了我们那一 份对健康的渴求，那一份看
起来有教养的心愿，以及那一份对于久违了的纯净的渴望。
二、
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from
curing disease to preventing disease - especially in terms of changing our many
unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.
如今我们发现，社会医疗保健的重心正从治疗疾病转移到放置疾病--- 尤其在
改变我们诸多不良习惯方面，如：暴饮暴食，抽烟和缺乏锻炼。
The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further.
与该改革息息相关的一类观点都需要进一步摸索。
Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very
nutritious(有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes
to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home

most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal
blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.
想象这样一个人，体 重恰好，偏不吃有营养的失误；感觉良好，但鲜有机会
锻炼；每天上班，但业绩一般；晚上大多在家里喝 些啤酒，但不会酒后驾车；而
且胸部不痛，血压正常，可惜睡的很多且时常觉得累。
This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But
we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
这个人不算生病，他甚至没有什么风险换上疑难杂症。不过我们能想象，这
个人可以更健康。
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who
is merely
body's special needs.
在医药领域中，传统上我们并不区分那些仅 是“没病”的人和那些健康且注意
身体特别需求的人。这两类人都被称作“健康的人”。
Both types have simply been called
specialists have begun to apply the terms
actively striving to maintain and improve their health.
然而，近年来，一些健康专家开始使用“身体好”和“健康”这两个术 语，仅用
于那些正在积极努力维持并改善自身健康的人。
People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise and they make a
point of monitoring their body's condition.
身体好的人总会关注营养和锻炼，并且懂得监察自身的状况。
Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all
matters related to their health.
也许最重要的是，身体好的人会对一切和健康相关的问题主动负责。

Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be
this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in
the face of their physical limitations.
在这种新定义下，只要面对个人身体极限之时仍能尽其所能维持健康，就算
身患顽疾或者身有残 缺的人也算是身体好的人。

but as an ideal that people can strive for.
“健康”或许不应该被看做是一种人们可以达成的境界，而是一种人们为之努
力的理想状态。
People who are well are likely to be better able resist disease and to fight disease
when it strikes.
当疾病侵袭的时候，身体好的人更能够抵御对抗。
And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of wellness can
have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
另外，多注意健康生活之道。健康的概念对于人们面对日常生活的挑战也大
有益处。



2007年6月
一、
I've been writing for most of my life.
我一辈子大部分时间都在从事写作。
The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one

practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.
《写作无师自通》这本书想我介绍了一种区别和一种练习。帮助我大大提高
了写作水平。
The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind.
区别是关于创造性思维和评判性思维之间的区别。
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in
parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
你需要做的是运用两者帮助你得到一个结果，但是他们不能同时起作用，无
论我们多么想要这样做。
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing
that most of us encounter.
试图匆忙地批判写作内容可能是我们大多数人在写作时遇到的最大障碍。
If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while
you are trying to capture a fleeting （稍纵即逝的） thought, the thought will die.
如果你按照五年级英语老师教你的，在努力抓紧稍纵即逝的想法的同时纠正你的语法，这个想法肯定会消失。
If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw
form, no one is likely to understand.
如果你抓住了稍纵即逝的想法，但仅以其原始的形式和世界分享，或许没有
人能够理解。
You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the
tool for thinking that it is.
如果你想要把写作作为思考的工具，必须学会首先创造，然后批判。
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as
you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”

练习是指ELbow所说的“自由写作”，它可以帮助你改正边写边改的话习惯。
In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for
15-20 minutes.
在自由写作中，我们的目标是在15-20分钟的时间内不间断写作。
No stopping, no going back, no criticizing.
不停顿，不回头，不作批判。
The goal is to get the words flowing.
这样做的目的是使文字流畅起来。
As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let
themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
当语言开始流畅，想法就会从阴暗处涌现出来，呈现在你的笔记本或者电脑
屏幕上。
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind
that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.
现在，你有进行评判性思维的原材料了，建议你坐下静静地查看文稿。
Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have
and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
通常，你会认为这个环节所需的时间比你实际需要的时间 要长，并且直到最
后一刻，你还盯着文稿，头脑一片空白。
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad.
不要盯着空白的屏幕，无论多么糟糕，都开始写下去。
Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into
something closer to finished product.
写作时间进行到一半时，停下来整理你的初稿，让它更接近终稿。
Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most

likely be far better than your current practices.
不断前后重复，直到时间用尽。这样， 你所得到的终稿会比你用现在在练习
中写的文稿要好得多。
二、
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again.
我不想再谈关于作为一位女性科学家的问题了。
There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what
it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.
有一段时间，人们不断地问我在男性主导的领域中工作的故事。
I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found
them interesting.
我不擅长将这些故事，因为实际上我并不觉得它们有趣。
What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time
and the nature of black holes.
我真正感兴趣的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状和黑洞的本质。
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be
the only woman in the classroom.
在19岁的时候，我开始学习天体物理学，作为班上唯一的女性，我一点也不
觉得苦恼。
But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space
research, the issue started to bother me.
但是当我在麻省理工学院攻读博士学位和之后作为博 士后进行太空研究时，
这一点开始让我觉得苦恼。
My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the

lens of gender (性别) were my failures.
我的每一项成就----工作，研究论文，奖项--- 都被人们从性别政治的角度进
行审视。我的失败也一样。
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于)
right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my
behalf and all womankind.
有时候，当我陷入左脑和右脑，天赋 与培育的争论中时，我会立刻为我自己
和所有的妇女进行激烈的抗辩。
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would
eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that
anymore.
然后再很多年以后的一天，我口中冒出一句最终成为我对所有挑 衅的回答：
“我不再讨论这个问题了”

It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I
didn’t want to deal with gender issues.
我花了十年的时间重获19岁时的自信，让自己认识到我不再想要处理性别的
问题。
Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female
scientist?
为何性别歧视要成为每位女性科学家的另一个可怕的负担？
After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
毕竟，我不是社会学或政治理论的研究者。
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City.
现在，我在Barnard---纽约的一所女子学院进行研究和授课。

Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were
women.
最近，有人问我班上的45个学生中有多少是女性。
You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45.
你很难想象我在回答时的满足感：45。
I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific
research and a desire for I don’t dismiss those concerns.
我知道有些学生会担心如何处理科学俺就和生儿育女之间的矛盾，我不会不
理会这些担心。
Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of
their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.
但是，我也不会跟她们讲述“战争”的故事，相反，我会 告诉他们：他们的物
理教授身怀六甲仍然坚持做物理实验的景象。
And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of
science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
作为回报，他们给我我45个热爱科学的女性的形象。这才是值得谈论的景象。


2007年12月
一、
By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction.
无论如何，网络教学已经十分流行。
In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering
some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90

percent.
近几年来，有34%的美国大学开始提供不同形式的远程 教学，而在较大的大
学里，这个数字已经接近90%。
If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the
University of Phoenix.
如果你对这与潮流表示质疑，那么或许你还没有听过凤凰城大学。
It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000
students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the
country.
这所大学的学位都是通过网络教学授予的，目前学生总数为9万人，该数字
使之号称是美国最大的私立 学校。
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually
signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading
assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by
e-mail.
尽管这些课程的具体教学内容不尽相同，但 远程教学通常意味着老师会在网
站上公布教程大纲，阅读作业和进度安排，而学生通过电子邮件交作业。
Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized
or eliminated altogether.
一般而言，师生间面对面交流会很少，甚至没有。
The attraction for students might at first seem obvious.
起初，这种教学形式对学生的吸引是显而易见的。
Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do
the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣).
主要是网络课堂很便利，正如其宣传的一般，学生可以穿着睡衣来上学。
But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to

the course.
然而数据表明，课堂参与的减少导致学生学习不是很努力。
While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20
percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent.
美国大学本科新生的退学率约为20%，而对于 参加网络教学的学生而言，这
个数字达到了35%。
Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup.
学生本身也明白这个机制的不足之处。对
In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less
than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good
as the classroom course.
康奈尔大学远程教学部的调查结果显示，只有不到三分之一的受 访者热认为网络
课程的质量和传统课堂一样。
Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved.
无疑，从学校的角度，网络教学能节约大量金钱。
Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in
severs and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on
existing or minimally upgraded(升级) systems. < br>尽管部分更艰巨的项目需要新资金的注入来构建服务器的网络以支持协作
软件。其余大多数的网络 课程都可在现有或略微提升的系统上得以实现。
The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more
the schools saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and
maintaining parking lots.
网络教学招生越多，学校节约的成本 就越多：因为学院不来学校，学校的灯
无需开着，不必雇佣门卫，停车场也不用维修。

And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL
course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid
less. 同时，有证据显示对于远程教育的导师来说，诸多原因使得他们必须更加努力地
授课；也许他们的薪 酬不会增加，还有可能减少。

二、
In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no
shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied.
在这个充斥着网聊，电子游戏与真人秀的时代，并不缺乏让小孩子沉迷的玩
物。
Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her
leisure time writing short stories.
尽管有着这些诱惑，我8岁的女儿Rebecca，却希望花时间写写小故事。
She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she
won last year.
她打算将其中一个作品拿去比赛-------一个去年她获胜的比赛。
As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them.
作为一名作家，我十分了解写作比赛中赢和输意味着什么。
I know what it is like to work hard on a story to receive a rejection slip from the
publisher.
我知道，当辛辛苦苦写完一个故事却遭到出版社的拒绝是一种什么样的心
情；
I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous
victories.

我也知道，要维护从前的成功所带来的声望需要承受多么大的压力。
What if she doesn’t win the contest again?
加入女儿这次赢不了比赛会怎么样呢？
That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and
dashed hopes can surface.
作为父母，这是无比奇怪的事情。我们以往的很多伤痕和破碎的梦想会慢慢
浮现出来。
A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?”
“No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”
知道上星期，我得到了启示。我问她： “你想再赢一次吗？”“不”女儿回答，
“我只想告诉大家一个天使上一年级的故事”
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them.
我其实已经花了好几个星期在女儿不自觉地讲述时修正她的故事。
Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer
across the hall.
我告诉自己，这无非是一个有经验的作家在引导一个新作家而已。
I offered suggestions first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a
little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.
我给 了她不少建议，关于角色，冲突以及故事的结局，在我的“指引”下，这
个原本讲小天使担惊受怕地开始 念一年级的故事，很快变成了一个充满丰富想象
力的女孩开始第一节音乐课的历程。
I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.
在我不经意时，我已经把她的比当成了自己的比赛。
Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks.
放手给孩子空间成长不想看起来那么简单。

Because I know little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first
grade. 因为我对能用工具的农场动物，或者一年级的小天使一无所知。
I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience.
我不得不承认我借用了女儿的经历。
While steeping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I
will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room
but close enough to help if asked.
尽管对于我来说放手不容易，但可喜的是，这回是一个好的开 端，我很快可
以学会更多，给自己一段合适的距离，既可以让女儿有发展的空间，同时在她需
要 时施以援手。
All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment ,
grow and find their own voices.
在这个过程中，我会一直提醒自己，孩子需要空间去尝试，去找到属于自己的路。





2008年6月
一、
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st
century, but- regardless of whether it is or isn't - we won't do much about it.
全球变暖或许是21世纪最大的环境危机，但无论是或不是，我们都不会对全
球变暖做什么。
We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly

solemn- sounding commitments to avoid it.
我们会不断地为此争吵，甚至可能以国家形式作出一些貌似严重的承诺，以
避免全球变暖发生。
But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely
they are to be observed.
但是这些承诺看上去越是戏剧化，越是有意义，就越不可能成为现实。
A1 Gore calls global warming an truth,as if merely recognizing it
could put us on a path to a solution.
戈尔称全球变暖为“不可忽视的真相”，好像仅仅认识到其存在，我们就可以
找到解决办法。
But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and -
without major technological breakthroughs - we can't do much about it.
但是真正的真相是，我们并不具备足够的知识来缓 解全球变暖，如果没有重
大的科技突破，我们根本无法做出什么成绩。
From 2003 to 2050,the world 's population is projevted to grow from 6.4 billon to
9.1 billion ,a 42% increase.
2003年到2050年，世界人口预计将从64亿增加到91亿，上升42%。
If energy use per person and technology remain te same,total energy use and
greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050.
如果人均能源消耗和技术水平维持现状，总能量消耗和温室气体排放（主要
是二氧 化碳）到2050年将会增加42%。
But that's too low,because societies that grow richer use more need
econmic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and
freeze everyone else's living standards.
但是这还不算多，因为随着 社会越来越富裕，能源的使用也会相应增加。我
们需要经济增长，除非我们迫使穷人们处于现在的贫困状 态，并且让其他人的生

活水平停留在原地不动。
With modest growth,energy use and greenhouse emissions more then double by
2050.
就算在增长较少的情况下，到2050年，能源的使用和温室气体的排放也将至
少翻一倍。
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal
freeom (limits on electricity usage,driving and travel)that might cut back global
warming.
没有政府会使用严格的限 制经济增长和人身自由的措施（限制用电，驾驶和
旅游），虽然这些可能有助于环节全球变暖。
Still,politicians want to show they're somethingthe Kyoto
Protoco(京都议定书).It alowed countries that joined to punish those that didn'
it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签
字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
然而，政治家们想表现出他们正在“做些事情”。想想《京都协议》，它允许
参与国家惩罚那些没有加入的国家，但这并没有降低二氧化碳排放量（自1990
年以来上升了25% ），很多签字国并没有采用足够严格的政策以达到2008年--2012
年的目标。
The practical codusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster,the only
solution is new technology.
比较现实的结论是，如果全球变暖是场潜在的灾难，那么唯一的解决方法就
是新技术。
Only an aggressive research and development program miaght find ways of
breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
只有通过这一项积极的研究和发展项目，才可能找到方法打破现有的对矿物
燃料的依赖或者解决这一问 题。
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral proble

when it's teally an engineering one.
全球变暖这场辩论的麻烦在于，当它应该还是个工程问题的时候，已经成为
了道德问题。
The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're
helpless.
不可忽视的真相是，如果没有办法解决工程问题，我们就真的无能为力了。

二、

二、
High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping
customers happy is easier said than done
很多人宣扬高质量的客户服务，但实际上，要让客户满意说起来容易做起来
难。
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will
alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.
顾客很少会向商店 的经理或者老板投诉，然而，他们会提醒自己的朋友，亲
戚，同事，甚至任何愿意听信他们的陌生人不要 去光顾这家店。
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when
their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study
jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school.
维德咨询公司和沃顿商学院的联合调查表明，商店经理往往是最后听到抱怨
的 人，而且往往到了他们的老顾客频繁光顾竞争对手的店面时才发觉。
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President
of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a
replacement.”

“传言损害了零售商的利益，娱乐了消费者”维德公司的总经理葆拉- 考特尼
说，“商店失去了顾客，顾客也必须去寻找相应的替代”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no
longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to
three more due to negative reviews.
平均来说，每位不快的顾客至少会向四个人抱怨，并不再光顾 那家店。而商
店会因每位不悦的顾客的负面评论损失三位以上的顾客。
The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
这种滚雪球效应会对零售商造成灾难性的影响。
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most
problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.
该调查显示，买服装的顾客遇到的问题最多 。排在第二和第三位的分别是购
买杂货和电子商品的顾客。
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的)
shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude
salespeople.
最常见的抱怨包括爆满的停车场，塞满的货架，超载的货架，脱销 的产品，
付账的长队和粗鲁的销售人员。
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by
getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants.
在购物的高峰时间，有的零售商雇佣当地经常兼职协助泊车的工作。
Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces.
有的则雇佣摇旗者把顾客引到空车位。
This guidance climinated the need for customers to circle the parking lot
endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
这样的引导使顾客不必再没完没了地绕着停车场找寻空位，并且避免了 不同顾客

盯上了同意停车位而产生的冲突。
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales
items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on
hand to answer questions. < br>通过重新设计店面布局，预先储存在售的货物，雇佣高校且经验丰富的收银
员，以及让销售代表在 现场回答问题，零售商可以摆脱那些投诉带来的难题。
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
更重要的是，对待那些恼羞成怒的顾客，销售人员应该表现得老练和有礼貌。
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than
those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as
simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
“那些能够及时做出反应 并且态度友好的零售商比那些不那么友好的零售商
更容易顺利解决矛盾。”斯蒂芬- 霍克教授说，”也许一些诸如在商店门口安排一
个招待员的简单方式会有所帮助。
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the
retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world.
客户也可以通过直接向零售商提出投诉而不是向其他人抱怨的方式来改善
未来的购物经历。
Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
因为当零售商根本不知道他们做错了什么的时候，是很难去进行改善的。

2009年6月
一、
The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green
design has come. Organized by the New York- based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show
inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time.

一月份的时装发布会题为“未来的时尚”，展示了绿色设计的到来指日可待。
发布会是纽约的一家非 营利性机构“地球誓言”组织的，它鼓励很多顶级设计师首
次使用可持续发展的面料。
Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.
有几位设计师从此发誓在其发产品中使用有机面料。
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges.
承诺绿色设计的设计师仍然要面对很多挑战。
Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses
all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.
斯科特-哈恩和格雷戈里合伙创建了罗根和路穆斯特公司，该公司使 用全有
机棉进行生产。哈恩认为高品质的可持续性材料仍然很难找到。
“Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics
that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says.
“大部分现有品牌的设计师发现，可以取代你正在 使用和消费者已经习惯的
面料的等同产品还不存在”他说。
For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually
indistinguishable once woven into a dress.
例如，有机棉和无机棉一旦编织成服装，实际上就很难区分了。
But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly
equivalents.
但是某些流行的合成材料，例如弹力尼龙，几乎没有环保的替代品。
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.
正在尝试改变的人们发现他们获得了更多的支持。
Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its

participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two
springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to
designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. 去年，一个具有影响力的展销会“设计师与代理人”，不再向准备参加其将在
洛杉矶和纽约举办的两 次春季发布会的年轻绿色企业家收取参展费用，同时对那
些至少有25%的作品采用可持续性材料的设计 师给予了特别的重视。
It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two
years ago.
现在，绿色设计师的数量已从两年前的不足12人增至超过50人。
This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton
farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus
helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. “Mainstream is about to
occur,”says Hahn.
本周，沃尔玛公司宣布了一 项重大提议，目标是帮助种植棉花的农民进行有
机种植：沃尔玛打算以更高的价位收购过度型的棉花，这 将有助于旷达关键的可
持续性材料的供应。”主流将发生变化。哈恩认为。
Some analysts (分析师) are less sure.
部分分析师并不如此肯定。
Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6%
four years ago.
在消费者中，仅有18%的人意识到了环保时尚的存在，而4年前仅有6%.
Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer.
从事时尚写作的娜塔莉- 赫尔米娜就是一个还没转变观念的消费者的例子。
When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m
aware of.”

当被问起她有没有可耻性衣物时，她回答：“我不知道”.
Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on
the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.”
就像大部分的消费者一样，她 没有时间去购物，当他购物的时候，她寻找的
是“不是太贵的可爱物件”
By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind.
她承认自己还没有考虑到“绿色”。
But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one
day it will be.
但在设计师，零售商和供应商的共同努力下，总有一天她会开始考虑的。


二、
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived
using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of
criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .
科学家们 已经设计出了一种利用人的一缕头发头发估计其住处的方法，这种
技术有助于追踪犯罪嫌疑人或者身份不 明的谋杀受害者的动向。
The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up
in people’s hair.
该方法利用的是测量人们的头发中所显示的饮用水的化学成分差异。
“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a
geologist at the University of Utah.
“你就是你吃的喝的东西，在你的毛发中都有记录”犹他州地质学家托尔-瑟
林说。

While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary.
美国人的饮食比较类似，但是水源的供应差异较大。
The differences result from weather patterns.
这种差异是气候模式导致的。
The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.
随着雨云的移动，雨水的化学成分也有稍许的变化。
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are
also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) .
水中的大部分氢原子和氧原子处于稳定的状态，但是两种元素的轨 迹都以质
量更重的同位素形式存在，较重的雨先落下。
The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver
heavier water to California than to Utah.
结果，来自于太平洋的暴风雨会给加州带来比犹他州质量更重的水。
Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier
hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a
geographic timeline.
相似的模式在全美都 存在。通过测量一缕头发中较重的氢氧同位素的比例，
科学家们可以构建一个地理学的时间轴。
Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.
每一英寸的头发对应大概两个月的时间。
Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of
the regional differences.
瑟林的团队手机了来自600个城市的自来水样本，构建了区域间差异的地图。
They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected
from 65 barber shops.

他妈呢从65家理发店中收集了200份头发样品，用以测试该地图的准确性。
They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly
corresponding to the movement of raid systems.
他们能够准确地把头发的样本定位到降雨体系的移动粗略相对应的大区
“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating
many possibilities.”
“这种方法对于精确定位不一定有效”瑟林说“但可以排除很多可能性”

Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an
unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.
地方探员托德帕克说，这种方法帮他获得了一名身份不明的妇女的信息，该
妇女的 骸骨在大盐湖附近被发现。
The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of
hair.
这名妇女有五英寸高。警察发现了26块骨头，一件衬衫和几缕头发。
When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers.
当帕听说了该项研究之后，他把头发的样本交给了研究者。
Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved
about every two months.
化学测试表明，在她死前的两年，她每两个月就会搬一次家。
She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than
somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.
她曾经在西北待过，测试指出具体的地点是在俄勒冈州和 怀俄明州西部之间
的某地，但无法更精确了。
“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”
“这仍然是片很大的区域”，帕克说，“但这种方法已经为我缩小了范围。

2009年12月
一、
Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential
candidates and how they’ll change America.
在这一漫长而又紧张的选举期间，每个让你都把注意力集中在总统候选人以
及他们将怎样改变美国的问题上。
Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she
might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American
woman.
这样并没有错。但是从个人的角度来看，我更着迷于米歇尔奥巴马以及她可
能会做些什么--- 不但是为这个国家，更是为作为一个非裔美国人的我。
As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that
means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal
with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.
可能成为第一夫人的她，将会受到全世界的关注。这意味着历史上第一 次，
人们有机会近距离并以个人的眼光去仔细观察他们甚少注视的非裔美国女性。
Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined.
通常，黑人妇女的生活大部分都是不受关注的。
The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot- tempered single mothers
who can’t keep a man.
流行的看法似乎是，我们都是性格暴躁的单身母亲，没有办法留住男人。
Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype
of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒
的) mothers.

甚至在想象的世界里， 黑人妇女仍不能摆脱由从不结婚且酗酒的母亲抚养大
的一群爱翻白眼，性欲过剩的女性这一陈词滥调。

These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle
Obama.
这些形象决定了黑人妇女被看待的方式，包括米歇尔-奥巴马。
Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as
First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be
herself.
在她还未获得机会，以第一夫 人的身份投身于一项事业，慈善或者基金会之
前，她最迫切，最错综复杂的责任可能仅仅是做好她自己。
It won’t be easy.
这并不简单。
Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular
African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what
we face on a regular basis.
因为几乎 没有主流媒体会对普通的非裔美国女性进行深入的专题报道，我们
是什么人，我们怎么思考，以及我们日 常面的事情这些问题知之甚少。
For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.
无论怎样，米歇尔将会代表我们所有人。
Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have
little interest in the First Lady.
就像有批评她的人一样，她也会有数百万通常对第一夫人一点儿都不敢兴趣
的“粉丝”。
Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see
Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman

can support her man and raise a strong black family.
很多非裔美国人的博客上写满了他们希望米歇尔给白宫带去的改变--- 主要
是向世界展示一名黑人妇女可以支持她的丈夫，支撑一个强大的黑人家庭。
Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task.
米歇尔需要努力工作，让每个人满意 -----一项不可能的任务
But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着),
confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been
around for far too long.
但是对于很多像我一样的非裔美国女性而言，她的哪怕是一点儿沉着，自 信和智
慧都会改变一个存在已久的形象有长远影响。


二、
When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in
the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face;
生在2009年春季踏入牛津大学的时候，他们将会见到一张新面孔；
Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become
Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.当
下一年的高中毕业安德鲁- 汉密尔顿，55岁的耶鲁大学教务长，他将成为牛津大
学的副校长---- 这个职位相当于美国大学的校长。
Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic.
汉密尔顿并不是位移的跨越大西洋的教育学家。
Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires
from abroad.
法国，埃及，新加坡等地的学校最近也从国外一斤了高层管理人员。

Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like
so many businesses, it’s gone global.
高等教育已经变成当今社 会的一项大型且竞争激烈的商业，而且与很多商业
类似的是，它正在走向全球化。
Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one
direction: outward from America.
但是人才的流动却并非全球化。高级管理层的人员流动只有一个方向：离开
美国。
The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking
abroad.
主要原因在于每股大学并没有认真考虑过放眼海外。
For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new
president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the
university’s budget.
例如，当科罗拉多州大学的董事会寻找下一任校长的时候，他们想要找的是
一 名熟知联邦政府的领导者，而联邦政府正式大学经费预算的主要来源。
“We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair.
“我们没有任何关于全球化的考虑”董事会主席帕特里夏- 海斯说。
The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman
and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern
university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing,
since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund- raising ability is largely a
product of experience and necessity.、
董事会最终选择了布鲁斯-本森，一名69 岁的科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，
他可能能够胜任现代大学校长的最主要任务：筹集经费。筹集经费是典 型的美国
特色，因为美国的大学非常依赖捐款。筹集经费的能力在很大程度上是经验和需

求的产物。
Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government
funding.
于此同时，很多欧洲的大学仍然主要依靠政府的拨款。
But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number.
但是政府的支持却无法跟上学生人数的增长。
The decline in government support has made funding- raising an increasing
necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for
Americans.
政府支持的减少使筹集经费的能力成为管理者的一项日渐必要 的能力，使得
负责招聘的委员会嫉妒渴望聘请美国人。
In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend.
在过去的数年间，世界各地的名校都已经加入到这一潮流中。
In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former
Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her
previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
2003年，当剑桥大学雇佣埃里森理查德---另一位 耶鲁大学的前任教务长当校
长时，剑桥大学公开强调，在她的上一份工作中，在她的监督之下，“耶鲁大 学
的财务状况获得了极大的巩固”
Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of
education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience
of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body.
Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practice
当然，筹 集经费不是外来者所具备的唯一一项能力。教育的全球化意味着更多大
学会寻找具有某种国际经验的领导 人，以推广国际项目，吸引全球化的学生群体。
外国人可以为现有的运作方式提供全新的视角。