英语四级词汇:部分近义词辨析
综合素质评价自我评价-梦飞翔
英语四级词汇:近义词深度辨析
1. able, capable,
competent
able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般
下效率无关,用
作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in
the dark.
capable
指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable
of
+doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of
running a mile
in a minute. He is a very
capable doctor.
competent
指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A
doctor
should be competent to treat many diseases.
2. aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard
在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding
the plane now.
broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very
broad shoulders.
3. accomplish, complete,
finish, achieve, attain
accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard
word, things are
accomplished.
(由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)
complete
表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his
novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗?)
finish
最常用,后接动词的-
ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步
或阶段。如:I’ll finish
the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)
achieve
完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if
youwork
hard.
Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are
needed
before we can attain our goals.
4. accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations
should be accurate.(火车站的钟
应该是准确的。)
corre
ct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是
incorrect
, wrong.
exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫
不差”。它的反义
词是inexact。
precise强调“精确”,“精密”。
5. accuse, charge, sue
accuse
指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of
carelessness.
charge 常与with搭配。如:The police
charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for
damaging his house.
6. achieve, acquire,
require, inquire
achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He
will never achieve anything unless he works
harder. (如
他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)
acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)
inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help.
(我们需要更多的帮助。)
7. act, action, deed
act 用作名词时,与action,
deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动
或行为,强调结果。如:The
farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his
apples. (农夫在孩
子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)
action较正
式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的
过程。如:Actions
are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。)
deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for
his good
deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)
8. actual,
true, real, genuine
actual 意为“实际的”,“现实的”,指所
形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是
仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。
true“真实的”,指与实际相符,而非虚假。
genuine
“真的”,“非冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。
9. adequate,
enough, sufficient
adequate
足够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。
enough足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。
sufficient同enou
gh,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口
语中常用enoug
h,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不易肯定时多用enough。.
Enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么用。
10.
admit, confess
两者都表“承认”。
admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to
breaking the
window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)
confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime
to the police. (小偷向警
察承认了罪行。)
11.
advice, advise
advice劝告(名词)。如:I want
to give you some advice.
advise劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do?
12. adopt, adapt
adopt
(1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own,
they decided to adopt a little girl.
(他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He
adopted our
suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)
adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等.
13.
advance, proceed, progress
均可表“前进”。
advance表向一个特定的目的地,在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:N
apoleon’
s army advanced on Moscow.
(拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)
proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded
from
London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)
progress 多表自然过程,指生长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is
progressing, it will soon be summer.
(光阴似箭,很快又是夏天了。)
14. advantage,
benefit, profit
advantage
常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the
advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)
profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any
profit last year? (你去年赚钱了
吗?)
benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit
from the business.(我
个人从这家企业中并不获益。)
16. advise, convince, persuade
均可表“劝说”。
advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He
advised me to put my money in the
bank.
(他劝我把钱存入银行。)
convince指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced
Smith
to go by train rather than plane.
(我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)
persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back
to work. (我说服他
回去工作了。)
17. affect,
effect
affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects
health.
effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government
policy will not have any effect on us.
18. afford, provide, supply
都有“提供,供给”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide
和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide supply somebody
with
something的结构。
19. agree,
consent
agree 为常用词。如:Do you agree to
the condition? (你同意这个条件吗?)
consent为正式用词,多用于上下级的关系,表示同意别人的要求或请求。如:Did the king
consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗?)
20. aid, help, assist
用作动词均可表“帮助”。
aid为正式用词,help最常用。
assist最正式,表示协助某人做某事,尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如:She
employed a woman to assist her with the
housework. (她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。)
21. alive,
living, live
alive
指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。
living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。
live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。
22. almost,
nearly
一般说来,almost比nearly
表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。
在all, every,
always 前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking.
(他几乎每天抽
烟。)
almost可同never, no,
nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nearly却不能。如:Almost no
one
believed her. (几乎没人相信他。)
23.
alone, lonely
alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;
lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:When she is left
alone, she feels lonely.
(剩下她一人时,她就感到寂寞。)
alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only
往往置于被修饰词前。
如:He alone (Only he) can
remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。)
24.
already, all ready
already已经(副词)。如:The
plane had already landed before we got to the
airport.
all ready准备好的(作表语)。如:We were
all ready to leave when the telephone rang.
25. alter, change
作不及物动词时,两者可通用。
作及物动词时,alter是对局部,表面的改变,而change则是对本质的,全面
的,彻底
的改变。如:Can you alter the dress?
(你会改做这件衣服吗?)Can you change the
dress?(你能给
我更换这件衣服吗?)
26.
altogether, all together
altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us.
(我们总计六人。)
all together 全都在一起。如:We
played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏
吧。)
27. amaze, astonish, surprise
都可作及物动词,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主语,人称作宾语。
amaze强调“使惊讶”,有时还有“惊叹”,“佩服”等意。
astonish表示“使大吃一惊”,“几乎使人无法相信”之意。
surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。
28. announce,
declare
announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情,含有预告的意味。如:The government
announced that they would pay their debts.
(政府宣布将偿还债务。)
declare指正式负责地宣布,声明,通常用于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared
him
guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)
29. annoy,
bother, trouble, disturb
annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受,或指某人故意去妨碍别人。
bother打扰,麻烦,指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如:May I
trouble you with
a few questions?
disturb打扰,扰乱,指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏,精力一时不能集中。如:I am
sorry to disturb you.
30. answer,
reply, respond
用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。
answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题)
,doorbell(开门),telephone(接
电话),advertisement(应征广
告)等。
reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He
has replied to my letter.(他回
答了我信中提的问题。)
respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly
responded to the question.
(他很快就回答了问题。)
另外,respond还可表“对„„反应”,“响应”。
31.
appreciate, enjoy
appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。
enjoy是一般用语,仅指感官或智力上的满足,“享受”的意味较强。
32.
approve, prove
approve
(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting
time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)
(2)批准,通过。如:The
minister approved the building plan. 部长批准建筑计划。
prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。
33. argue, debate, dispute
argue着重“说理”,“论证”,“企图说明”,且后可接that引导的从句。
debate着重双方各自陈述理由,尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如:The subject
was
hotly debated.
dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的“争论”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。
如:He
disputed with his wife on household expenses.
34. arise, rise
arise表无形的东西(如困难,问题等)“出现”,“发生”。
rise指具体事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物动词。如:The sun rises in the
east.(太
阳从东边升起。)
35. assure,
ensure, insure
assure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生,后需连用人称代词或指人的名词
作宾语。
ensure表普通的“保证”。
insure表“保险”,有时同ensure可以换用。
36.
awaken,awake, wake, waken
都可作动词。
awaken 及物,带抽象含义,“使觉醒觉悟,唤醒”
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。
waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。
37. await,
wait
await是及物动词。如:I await your further
instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物动词,后常接介词for。如:I will wait for you
at the school
gate.
38. award,
prize, reward
award, reward作动词。award意为
“授予(奖品,奖金等)”,后面可跟双宾语;reward意
为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟人或以人
的行为作宾语。
award, prize, reward作名词
时,award常指奖金,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所
赢得的奖;reward则指为
某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。
39. base, basis
base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具体事物。
basis多用于比喻,主要指命题的基础。如:His ideas have no basis in
reality.(他的意见缺
乏现实基础。)
40. beside,
besides
beside在„„旁边。如:Come and sit
beside me.
besides除„„之外。如:I have two
other umbrellas besides this one.
英语四级词汇:近义词深度辨析
1. able, capable,
competent
able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般
下效率无关,用
作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in
the dark.
capable
指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable
of
+doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of
running a mile
in a minute. He is a very
capable doctor.
competent
指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A
doctor
should be competent to treat many diseases.
2. aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard
在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding
the plane now.
broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very
broad shoulders.
3. accomplish, complete,
finish, achieve, attain
accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard
word, things are
accomplished.
(由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)
complete
表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his
novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗?)
finish
最常用,后接动词的-
ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步
或阶段。如:I’ll finish
the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)
achieve
完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if
youwork
hard.
Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are
needed
before we can attain our goals.
4. accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations
should be accurate.(火车站的钟
应该是准确的。)
corre
ct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是
incorrect
, wrong.
exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫
不差”。它的反义
词是inexact。
precise强调“精确”,“精密”。
5. accuse, charge, sue
accuse
指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of
carelessness.
charge 常与with搭配。如:The police
charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for
damaging his house.
6. achieve, acquire,
require, inquire
achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He
will never achieve anything unless he works
harder. (如
他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)
acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)
inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help.
(我们需要更多的帮助。)
7. act, action, deed
act 用作名词时,与action,
deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动
或行为,强调结果。如:The
farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his
apples. (农夫在孩
子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)
action较正
式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的
过程。如:Actions
are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。)
deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for
his good
deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)
8. actual,
true, real, genuine
actual 意为“实际的”,“现实的”,指所
形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是
仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。
true“真实的”,指与实际相符,而非虚假。
genuine
“真的”,“非冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。
9. adequate,
enough, sufficient
adequate
足够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。
enough足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。
sufficient同enou
gh,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口
语中常用enoug
h,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不易肯定时多用enough。.
Enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么用。
10.
admit, confess
两者都表“承认”。
admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to
breaking the
window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)
confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime
to the police. (小偷向警
察承认了罪行。)
11.
advice, advise
advice劝告(名词)。如:I want
to give you some advice.
advise劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do?
12. adopt, adapt
adopt
(1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own,
they decided to adopt a little girl.
(他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He
adopted our
suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)
adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等.
13.
advance, proceed, progress
均可表“前进”。
advance表向一个特定的目的地,在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:N
apoleon’
s army advanced on Moscow.
(拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)
proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded
from
London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)
progress 多表自然过程,指生长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is
progressing, it will soon be summer.
(光阴似箭,很快又是夏天了。)
14. advantage,
benefit, profit
advantage
常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the
advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)
profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any
profit last year? (你去年赚钱了
吗?)
benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit
from the business.(我
个人从这家企业中并不获益。)
16. advise, convince, persuade
均可表“劝说”。
advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He
advised me to put my money in the
bank.
(他劝我把钱存入银行。)
convince指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced
Smith
to go by train rather than plane.
(我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)
persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back
to work. (我说服他
回去工作了。)
17. affect,
effect
affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects
health.
effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government
policy will not have any effect on us.
18. afford, provide, supply
都有“提供,供给”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide
和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide supply somebody
with
something的结构。
19. agree,
consent
agree 为常用词。如:Do you agree to
the condition? (你同意这个条件吗?)
consent为正式用词,多用于上下级的关系,表示同意别人的要求或请求。如:Did the king
consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗?)
20. aid, help, assist
用作动词均可表“帮助”。
aid为正式用词,help最常用。
assist最正式,表示协助某人做某事,尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如:She
employed a woman to assist her with the
housework. (她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。)
21. alive,
living, live
alive
指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。
living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。
live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。
22. almost,
nearly
一般说来,almost比nearly
表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。
在all, every,
always 前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking.
(他几乎每天抽
烟。)
almost可同never, no,
nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nearly却不能。如:Almost no
one
believed her. (几乎没人相信他。)
23.
alone, lonely
alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;
lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:When she is left
alone, she feels lonely.
(剩下她一人时,她就感到寂寞。)
alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only
往往置于被修饰词前。
如:He alone (Only he) can
remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。)
24.
already, all ready
already已经(副词)。如:The
plane had already landed before we got to the
airport.
all ready准备好的(作表语)。如:We were
all ready to leave when the telephone rang.
25. alter, change
作不及物动词时,两者可通用。
作及物动词时,alter是对局部,表面的改变,而change则是对本质的,全面
的,彻底
的改变。如:Can you alter the dress?
(你会改做这件衣服吗?)Can you change the
dress?(你能给
我更换这件衣服吗?)
26.
altogether, all together
altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us.
(我们总计六人。)
all together 全都在一起。如:We
played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏
吧。)
27. amaze, astonish, surprise
都可作及物动词,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主语,人称作宾语。
amaze强调“使惊讶”,有时还有“惊叹”,“佩服”等意。
astonish表示“使大吃一惊”,“几乎使人无法相信”之意。
surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。
28. announce,
declare
announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情,含有预告的意味。如:The government
announced that they would pay their debts.
(政府宣布将偿还债务。)
declare指正式负责地宣布,声明,通常用于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared
him
guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)
29. annoy,
bother, trouble, disturb
annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受,或指某人故意去妨碍别人。
bother打扰,麻烦,指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如:May I
trouble you with
a few questions?
disturb打扰,扰乱,指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏,精力一时不能集中。如:I am
sorry to disturb you.
30. answer,
reply, respond
用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。
answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题)
,doorbell(开门),telephone(接
电话),advertisement(应征广
告)等。
reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He
has replied to my letter.(他回
答了我信中提的问题。)
respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly
responded to the question.
(他很快就回答了问题。)
另外,respond还可表“对„„反应”,“响应”。
31.
appreciate, enjoy
appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。
enjoy是一般用语,仅指感官或智力上的满足,“享受”的意味较强。
32.
approve, prove
approve
(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting
time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)
(2)批准,通过。如:The
minister approved the building plan. 部长批准建筑计划。
prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。
33. argue, debate, dispute
argue着重“说理”,“论证”,“企图说明”,且后可接that引导的从句。
debate着重双方各自陈述理由,尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如:The subject
was
hotly debated.
dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的“争论”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。
如:He
disputed with his wife on household expenses.
34. arise, rise
arise表无形的东西(如困难,问题等)“出现”,“发生”。
rise指具体事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物动词。如:The sun rises in the
east.(太
阳从东边升起。)
35. assure,
ensure, insure
assure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生,后需连用人称代词或指人的名词
作宾语。
ensure表普通的“保证”。
insure表“保险”,有时同ensure可以换用。
36.
awaken,awake, wake, waken
都可作动词。
awaken 及物,带抽象含义,“使觉醒觉悟,唤醒”
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。
waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。
37. await,
wait
await是及物动词。如:I await your further
instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物动词,后常接介词for。如:I will wait for you
at the school
gate.
38. award,
prize, reward
award, reward作动词。award意为
“授予(奖品,奖金等)”,后面可跟双宾语;reward意
为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟人或以人
的行为作宾语。
award, prize, reward作名词
时,award常指奖金,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所
赢得的奖;reward则指为
某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。
39. base, basis
base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具体事物。
basis多用于比喻,主要指命题的基础。如:His ideas have no basis in
reality.(他的意见缺
乏现实基础。)
40. beside,
besides
beside在„„旁边。如:Come and sit
beside me.
besides除„„之外。如:I have two
other umbrellas besides this one.