停薪留职申请-总经理岗位职责

6级词汇辨析
◣词语大辨析◥-§①
abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的放弃之意
desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)

abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划
forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋 eg. forsake one's wife and children
遗弃妻儿;forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯
quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指停止停止工作


Exercises (choose the best answer & translate every sentence):
presence of mind never __ him.
A. deserted B. left C. lost D. quit
e some difficulties, they're not going to __ the plan.
A. abandon B. desert C .forsake D. quit
3.__ it out!
A. Forsake B. Quit C. Give up D. Desert
Schwarzenegger has __ the theater for politics.
A. deserted B. forsook C. quit D. exchanged


presence of mind never deserted him.他从不失去镇静.
2. Despite some difficulties, they're not going to abandon the plan. 尽管他们遇到了一些困难,
但并不打算放弃这个计划.
3. Quit it out!住嘴.住手.
Schwarzenegger has forsook the theater for politics.阿诺德•施瓦辛格弃艺从政了


◣词语大辨析◥-§②
accessory，decoration，ornament 都含有一定的装饰品之意
accessory [常作pl.]指(女性的)装饰品,(手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等)
decoration 指为了装饰某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品
ornament 指一般装饰品(ornament在作动词时常可和decorate互换)
Garnish 配菜


1. The hall is ___ with flowers and flags.
A. full B. filled C. garnished D. decorated
Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ___ such as colored lights and glass balls.
A. ornaments B. luxuries C. exhibits D. complements
wore a green wool suit with matching ___.
A. decorations B. ornament C. accessories D. appendix
you help me to ___ a fish with slices of lemon.
A. add B. garnish C. decorate D. ornament


hall is decorated with flowers and flags.大厅里装饰着鲜花和旗帜.(此句也能用ornament
替换.)

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Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ornaments such as colored lights and
glass balls.圣诞树被一些闪亮的装饰物点缀着,如彩灯和玻璃球.
wore a green wool suit with matching accessories.她穿了一件绿色的羊毛套装,佩戴着得
体的首饰.
you help me to garnish a fish with slices of lemon.你能帮 我在鱼上加配柠檬片吗?(garnish
多用于对烹饪、菜式的装饰,如加调味料,加配材料等)


◣词语大辨析◥-§③:
accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有完成之意
accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果
complete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分
end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止
finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止


1. We tried to settle the argument but ___ nothing.
A. accomplished B. completed C. ended D. finished
term will ___ early in July.
A. accomplish B. complete C. end D. finish
building was ___ in 1962..
A. accomplished B. completed C. ended D. finished
will the work be ___.
A. accomplished B. completed C. ended D. finished
5.比较: I have finished the book.和I have completed a book.分别释为何意呢?


tried to settle the argument but accomplished nothing.我们试图解决争端,但未成功.
term will end early in July.学期将在七月初结束.
building was finished in 1962.大厦建成于1962年.
will the work be completed.工作什么时候完结?
5.I have finished the book.我读完了那本书.
I have completed a book.我写完了一本书.


◤词语大辨析◢-§.④
accurate，correct，de licate，exact，precise都含有一定的正确,精确之意
accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性
correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误
delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的
exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量 或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末
节上也丝毫不差
precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带吹毛求疵
的贬义


painting is aan ___ copy of the original.
A. exact B. precise C. correct D. accurate
technology has enhanced the ___ of many surgical procedures.

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A. detail B. cost C. exaction D. precision
hope to become more ___ in predicting earthquakes.
A. exact B. correct C. precise D. accurate
’s the ___ thing to do.
A. accurate B. precise C. exact D. correct
of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ___ operation, he quickly recovered
his sight.
A. precise B. delicate C. considerate D. exact


painting is aan exact copy of the original.他的画是与原作丝毫不差的临摹作品.
technology has enhanced the precision of many surgical procedures.激光技术已大大
提高了外科手术的精确度.
hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes.我们希望能更准确地预测地
震.(be accurate in„ 在„方面很精确)
`s the correct thing to do.正应如此.
of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a delicate operation, he quickly
recovered his sight.他的一只眼睛在事故中受伤,但经过精细的手术以后很快恢复了视力.


◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑤
accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的指控,控告之意
accuse: Accuse sb. of doing sth.为„指责某人, 控告某人
charge: charge sb. with doing sth.指控某人„
indict: 具体用法见练习3、4、5句


1. The soldier was ___ of running away when the enemy attacked.
A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished
___ me with negligence of duty.
A. accused B. blamed C. charged D. indicted
police ___ him as a rioter.
A. indicted B. accused C. charged D. punished
company ___ him for sabotage.
A. accused B. indicted C. blamed D. charged
was ___ on a charge of murder.
A. accused B. charged C. punished D. indicted


soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.这个士兵被指控为临阵
逃脱.
2. He charged me with negligence of duty.他指控我玩忽职守.
police indicted him as a rioter.警察指控他为扰乱治安者.(Indict sb. as„指控某人为„)
company indicted him for sabotage他公司告发他的破坏行为.(indict sb for sth.告发某人„)
was indicted on a charge of murder.他因犯杀人罪被起诉.(sb. be indicted on a charge
of „因犯„被告发)



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◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑥
achieve, acquire, attain, gain, obtain都含有一定的获得,达到之意
achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标
acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等
attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地
gain 指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西
obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西


1. After so many years of hard work, he finally ___ success.
A. obtained B. acquired C. achieved D .gained
has ___ some very unpleasant habits recently.
A. obtained B. gained C. attained D. acquired
typhoon, winds ___ a speed greater than 120 km per hour.
A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble
the second experiment they ___ a very clear result.
A. obtained B. acquired C. won D. attained
___ without pains.
A. obtains B. gains C. attains D. acquires
___ a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.
A. achieved B. attained C. acquired D. gained


so many years of hard work, he finally achieved success.经过这么多年努力,他终于获得
了成功.
has acquired some very unpleasant habits recently.她最近养成了一些不良的习惯.
typhoon, winds attain a speed greater than 120 km per hour.发生台风时,风速每小时高达
120公里.
the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.在第二次试验中他们的到了一个非
常清楚的结果.
gains without pains.不劳则无获.
6. She acquired a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.他从陈教授的讲座中学
到很多英语知识.


◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑦
acknowledge, admit, concede, confess, recognize都含有一定的承认之意
acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事
admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认(事实,错误等)
concede (不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败
confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶
recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等


1. He ___ that the statement was true in an argument.
A. conceded B. admitted C. confessed D. recognized
___ having been at fault.
A. admitted B. confessed C. acknowledged D. recognized

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new law was generally admitted ___ difficult to enforce.
A. being B. to being C. to be D. to have
gh they had suffered heavy losses, they refused to ___ defeat.
A. concede B. conserve C. admit D. assert
y he has to ___ himself guilty.
A. concede B. confess C. admit D. acknowledge
was___ as the legitimate representative.
A. acknowledge B. admitted C. conceded D. recognized


A.C.C.A.B.D
conceded that the statement was true in an argument.他在辩论中承认对方的说法是正确
的.(有点不情愿的承认)
acknowledged having been at fault.他承认自己曾犯过错误.
new law was generally admitted to be difficult to enforce.大家普遍认为,新的法律很难实
施.(admit后面可跟名词或动名词作宾语, 不根不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补. 此句中admit为被动
结构,所以用to be difficult to enforce作主语补语.)
gh they had suffered heavy losses, they refused to concede defeat.虽然他们已遭受
惨重损失,但还是不肯认输.
y he has to confess himself guilty.最终他不得不认罪.(confess oneself认罪)
was recognized as the legitimate representative of the company.张先生背城认为
公司的合法代表.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑧
affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的宣称，断言之意
affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意
assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称
allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说
claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点


1. Politicians more often___ their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.
A. assert B. claim C. allege D. affirm
suspect ___ that he had not been in the neighborhood.
A. advocated B. alleged C. addressed D. announced
___ his belief that she was innocent.
A. affirmed B. asserted C. maintained D. stressed
___ that this could be done.
A. affirmed B. alleged C. asserted D. claimed
’t ___ to know what you don’t know.
A. claimed B. asserted C. alleged D. affirmed


cians more often affirm their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.
政治家经常声称他们想退休,但未必是真的.
suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood.嫌疑犯生成案发时他并不在现
场.

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asserted his belief that she was innocent.他坚持自己的想法,她是无辜的.
asserted that this could be done..他宣称这是可行的.
't claim to know what you don't know.不要强不知以为知.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑨
alarm, dread, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror都含有一定的惊恐之意
alarm 惊恐,忧虑,指突然遇到危险产生的紧张,害怕,惊慌失措的心理状态,也可指一般的担心忧虑
(takefeel alarm at„因„而惊恐)
dread 担忧,惧怕,多指因预料有危险和不愉快的事面临而产生的不安心情,比fear更为强烈的恐惧
fear 表示恐惧最普通的用语,指遇到危险或灾难内心感到不安或发慌
fright 指突然的惊恐
horror 令人毛骨悚然,使人极其厌恶的恐怖(常用于强调表现出恐怖的现象或行为,而不强调引起恐怖的
原因)
panic 恐慌(指吃惊以后随之而来的不知所措,神经几乎失控的状态)
terror 恐怖(指个人安全受到严重威胁时所产生的巨大恐惧及惊骇)


1. There is nothing to get ___ about.
A. alarmed B. feared C. horrified D. terrified
had always been in ___of meeting with an accident.
A. horror B. alarm C. terror D. dread
cat ___ dogs.
A. alarms B. fears C. panics D. dreads
4.I don't ___ easily.
A. fear B. dread C. frighten D. alarm
watch with ___ as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.
A. panic B. alarm C. horror D. terror
the residents of the town ___ when there was a big fire in the supermarket.
A. panic B. panicked C. surprised D. shocked
was ___ out of her senses.
A. alarmed B. feared C. horror D. terrified


is nothing to get alarmed about.没什么可大惊小怪的.
had always been in dread of meeting with an accident.他总是担心遇上意外事故.
cat fears dogs.我们家的猫怕狗.
4.I don't frighten easily.我不会轻易受惊的.
watch with horror as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.他们心惊
肉跳得看着走钢丝绳的演员摇摇晃晃地在恢复平衡.
the residents of the town panicked when there was a big fire in the supermarket.超市
的一场大火震惊了全镇居民.(pa nic的过去式为panicked)
was terrified out of her senses.她吓得魂不附体.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑩
alter ,change,convert,modify,shift,transform,vary都含有一定的改 变之意
alter 改变,变更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成另一种事物

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change 改变,变更,指位置,性质,外表,形式或是数量与质量等改变.常与into连用.
convert 使转变,变化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化,而不是本质上的巨大变化,
也可用 于改变某人的政治观点、信仰.这个词义是其他词所没有的
modify 修改,变更,较正式,常用以表示意见,计划或形式,质量方面不大的变化
shift 指位置或方向的移动,改变
transform 指外形或面貌的改变,彻底改变性格,性质等
vary 改变,不同,有区别,变化


your coat is too long,the tailor can___it to fit you.
t
___ have taken place since he left.
ts s orms
used to be a Christian,but he is now___ to Buddhism.
ted d ormed ed
that ___ with the quality.
t
wind has ___ from north to south.
d ted d ormed
military factories have been ___ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the
country.
d d ormed
inventor ___ his original design in order to increase the machine’s effiency.
ged ted ed ated


your coat is too long,the tailor can alter it to fit you.如果你的衣服太大,裁缝会给你改的合身.
hanges have taken place since he left.他走后变化很大.
3 He used to be a Christian,but he is ted to Buddhism.他过去是一个基督教徒,现在
改信佛教.
that vary with the quality.价格随质量不同而变化.(vary with„随„而变化)
wind has shifted from north to south.风向从北转到了南.
military factories have been transformed into civil ones in order to meet the needs
of the country.为了适应国情的需要,我们把很多军用工厂改成了民用工厂.
inventormodified his original design in order to increase the machine’s efficiency.
发明者改变原来的设计目的是提高机器的效率.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑾
alternative,choose,pick,select都含有一定的选择之意
alternative adj. n. 供选择的,抉择,供选择的东西.指在两者之间进行选择,两者选一的
choose 适用范围最广, 指从众多的对象中挑选,这中挑选常取决于个人的意志与判断,不强调客观标准.它
所选择的对象可以是 不同种类的,可以是有形的或无形的.还常带有最终选定的含义,即表示选定候不再变化.
pick 口头用语,指仔细地,精心地选择,含有挑剔的意思.一般指挑选有形的东西
select 语气比c hoose重,多用于正式场合.指仔细地,审慎地精选,强调客观性,而不是主观性.所挑选的对
象可 以是有形或无形的,但一定是同种类的.



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___an appropriate birthday card for his mother.
ed d
en shouldn't ___ food.
off
___ Miss Lilyfor his wife.
ed d
traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide a secure ___ to
carrying your money in cash.
ence ion ative
5.I'm to ___ a few good books to send to my friend.
up out at


selected an appropriate birthday card for his mother.他给母亲精心挑选了一张合适的生日
卡.
en shouldn’t pick food.孩子不应该挑食.(pick off摘去,采取)
3 He chose Miss Lilyfor his wife.他选择了莉丽小姐作为他的妻子.(从本句可以看出常带有最
终选定的含义这一点)
traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide a secure
alternative to carrying your money in cash.建议你旅游时带旅行支票,那样要比带现金安全.
5.I'm to pick out a few good books to send to my friend.我要挑选几本好书给我的朋友.(pick up
收拾整理,用车接人 pick out挑选,拣出 pick at吃一点点,无食欲地吃)


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑿
altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude都非常形近
altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 metres above sea level海拔20,000米)
aptitude 才能,智力,倾向,习性
attitude 态度,看法
latitude 纬度(longitude经度)


s have an ___ for building dams.
de de de de
takes the ___ that Children should be allowed to learn at their own pace.
de de de de
has an ___ for languages.
de de de de
's your ___ towards this question?
de de de de
is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees north ___.
de de de de
pilot is exercising the ___ flight.
de de de de


s have an aptitude for building dams.水獭有筑坝的习性.
takes the attitude that Children should be allowed to learn at their own pace. 她采取

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的态度就是应该允许孩子们按照自己的节奏学习.
3 He has an aptitude for languages.他有学语言的才能.
's yourattitudetowards this question?你对这个问题有什么看法?
is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees northlatitude.台北位于东
经121.7度,北纬25度.
pilot is exercising the altitudeflight.飞行员正在练习高空飞行.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒀
announce, declare, proclaim都含有一定的宣布之意
announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布 ，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事、商品信息、
生死病婚、开会等新闻
declare 指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度
proclaim 指官方事务中当局对大众所作的重要宣布
其实,三个词之间有时也可经常互换使用.


ne was silent as he ___ the winner of the competition.
ed ced imed
government ___ war on the drug dealers.
ed ced d
___ him a model worker.
ed imed
chairman ___ the exhibition open.
ed imed
Congress of the Communist Party of China was ___ to meet in the paper.
ed ced imed


ne was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.当他宣布竞赛的获胜者
时,大家都静静地倾听.
government declared war on the drug dealers.政府向毒品贩子宣战.(declare war
onagainst„向„宣战;proclaim war宣战)
proclaimed him a model worker..它们宣布他为劳动模范.
chairman declared the exhibition open.主席宣布展览会开幕.(本句感觉也可用announced,
你认为呢?)
Congress of the Communist Party of China was announced to mee


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒁
ample, adequate, plentiful,sufficient都含有一定的足够,丰富之意
ample 指不仅能达到应有的程度,满足需要,而且还有余,一般修饰数量不定的名词(ample time充裕的
时间;an ample basket of fruit满满一篮水果;ample space宽敞的空间)
adequate 足够的,充分的,指数量和质量上复合一个特定的标准或不太高的要求
plentiful 丰富的,很多的,富裕的
sufficient 尤指程度上多到能满足或达到某种特殊需要,特别是精神上的需要



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is ___ evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what
she was doing.
ient ful te
law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have ___ opportunity to
change his mind.
te te ive
supply is not ___ to the demand.
ient ful te
has acquired ___ proficiency to read Chinese literary works.
ient ful te
5.A ___ harvest is in sight.
ient ful te


is ample evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what she was
doing.有充分证据表明那个正在提问的律师确实知道她在做什么.(ample evidence充分证据)
law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have adequate opportunity to change
his mind.根据法律,当一个人进行大宗购买时,他应该有充分的机会改变自己的注意.
supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求.
has acquired sufficient proficiency to read Chinese literary works.他已获得足够能力阅读
中国文学著作.
5.A plentiful harvest is in sight.丰收在望.(plentifulgood harvest丰收)


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒂
amplify, enhance, enlarge,expand,magnify都含有一定的扩大,提高之意
amplify 放大,扩大,增强,指放大,增强(信号等)
enhance 提高,增强,指(价格,力量,吸引力,声望)等的增加,提高.
enlarge 指体积,大小,范围,能力等方面的增加
expand 既可指数量上或体积上的增加,也可用来之前后左右上下任何方向的扩大,也指知识的增长,生意
的扩大
magnify 指放大,扩大(声音,照片等)


knowledge has greatly ___ in the last 30 years which enables people to achieve
more and live more comfortably.
ed ed ed ied
___ a radio signal.
ied ed ed ed
republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly ___ his national reputation.
y e y
often use a loudspeaker to ___ the voice.
p e y
must ___ our views by reading.
y y e e
boss is going to ___ retail operations.
y y e

10

asked someone to ___ the kitchen.
y y e e


1. Human knowledge has greatly expanded in the last 30 years which enables people to
achieve more and live more comfortably.过去30年人类的知识已经有了很大的增长,这就使得人们能够取得更大的成就,生活也更舒适了.
2. Please amplify a radio signal.请放大无线电信号.
3. The republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly enhance his national
reputation.这位诗人最新作品的再版毋庸置疑地会提高他在国内的声望.
4. People often use a loudspeaker to magnify the voice.人们常用扩音器来放大声音.
5. We must enlarge our views by reading.我们必须以读书来增长见识.
boss is going to expand retail operations.老板正打算扩大零售业务.
asked someone to enlarge the kitchen.妈妈找人来扩大了厨房.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒃
an noy,furious,indignant,irritate,provoke都含有一定的恼怒之意
annoy 指有余被迫忍受某种不愉快甚至讨厌的事情而失去耐心或沉着(be annoyed atby sth. be
annoyed with sb. 对某人某事很生气)
furious 狂怒的(be furious with sb. be furious atabout sth对某人某事大发雷霆)
indignant 强调的是愤怒,愤慨,愤愤不平
irritate 指一再打扰某人,终于使其失去耐心而发怒.
provoke 激怒(人,动物),使生气(provoke sb. to do into doing...刺激某人做某事)


___ me that she just assumes we'll all fit in with her plans.
tes s es
manager was ___ by consumer's insolence.
ted ed ined ed
was ___ with Peter about his mistake.
ss ed s ed
___ Mary to anger so that Mary was divorced from Mike.
ted ed d ed
is ___ against Bob because he is not obedient.
ted d s ed
unfair trestment arouses popular ___.
tion nce ation int


__C__ me that she just assumes we'll all fit in with her plans.她想当然地认为我们都适合她
的计划,这使我非常恼怒.
tes s es
manager was __A__ by consumer's insolence.经理被消费者的蛮横态度弄得恼火.
ted ed ined ed
was __C__ with Peter about his mistake.父亲对彼得犯的错误大发雷霆.
ss ed s ed
__D__ Mary to anger so that Mary was divorced from Mike.麦克激怒了玛丽以至于玛丽

11

跟麦克离婚了.(provoke sb. to anger激怒某人;叫某人生气)
ted ed d ed
is __A__ against Bob because he is not obedient.妈妈对鲍伯的不听话很生气.(irritate
against sb.对某人生气)
ted d s ed
unfair trestment arouses popular __C__.这种不公待遇引起了公愤.
tion nce ation int


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒄
apparatus,appliance,equipment,facility,instrument 都含有一定的器具之意
apparatus 指一套仪器,一套器械,装置
appliance 通常指需要动力才能操作的家用电器和装置等
equipment 指设备,装备
facility (pl.)设备,设施只是工作生活便利的工具和环境
instrument 指精密的或科学的和艺术上使用的器具等


,housework has been made much easier by electrical ___.
ties nces ments tus
complete ___ of the new library will take another year.
tus ty ment ent
school offer us the ___ for study.
ties nces ments tus
hospital imported many surgical ___ from abroad.
ties nces ments tus
Browns are always very cold in winter because they have not a heating ___.
ties nces ments tus


,housework has been made much easier by electrical __B__.现在,家用电器使得家务活
轻松多了.
ties nces ments tus
complete __D___ of the new library will take another year.新图书馆的全套设备还要花一
年时间才能完成.
tus ty ment ent
school offer us the __A__ for study.学校为我们提供了便利学习的设施.
ties nces ments tus
hospital imported many surgical __C__ from abroad.医院从国外进口了许多外科器械.
ties nces ments tus
Browns are always very cold in winter because they have not a heating __D__.布朗一
家每到冬天就很冷,因为他们没有暖气设备.
ties nces ments tus


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒅
answer,reply,respond都含有一定的回答之意
answer 用的最广,几乎可指口头,书面乃至行动所表示的一切

12

reply 指较为正式或经过考虑的答复,除了后面接直接宾语或以that开始的句 子外,一般只用作不及物动
词,后面连用to,表示回答旁人的问题(话语,信件,祝贺,攻击等)
respond 一般指对紧急问题或请求作出答复,或用行动对所说或所做的事情做出反应


car ___ well to the controls.
ds ponds s ts
electrician went at once in ___ to the phone call.
d tion
___ nothing about this.
d
___ at your earliest convenience.
t d
illness quickly ___ to proper treatment.
d ed ted ded


car __A__ well to the controls.这辆汽车操纵灵敏.(respong to sth.对某事物反映灵敏,起反应,
回答,响应;corrspond to相当于,与...对应; reply to回信,对...做出反应)
ds ponds s ts
electrician went at once in __D__ to the phone call.电工一接到电话马上就去了.(in answer
to作为对...的回答,响应,反击等)
d tion
__B__ nothing about this.对此他没有回答.
d
__C__ at your earliest convenience.请尽早答复.
t d
illness quickly __D__ to proper treatment.疾病经适当治疗后很快好转.
d ed ted ded


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒆
apparent,clear,evident,obvious, visible都含有一定的明显之意
apparent 显然明白的,表面上的;常用来修饰容易看见或认识的事物
clear 普通用语,凡听清、看清或易于理解的东西都可以用
evident 指以事实为根据,加以推理就很明显,多用于抽象事物和推理,如事实、错误、成功等
obvious 指极为明显,一目了然,不用多说就能清楚的东西
visible 显著的,明显的,可看见的
以上词语,在某些时候可以互换,并无非常明显的界限.


ne present ran out for no ____ reason.
nt e
is (quite) ____ that he took the wrong path.
nt t
was nowhere in ____.
nce ce ity
is ____ that two and two make four.

13

nt t s e
talked to the customer with ____ impatience.
t e
is ____ (that) you have been cheated.
nt ful nt


ne present ran out for no __A__ reason.在场的每个人都莫名其妙地跑掉了.
nt e
is (quite) __B__ that he took the wrong path.很显然,他走错了道.(本题选用obvious也是可
以的嘛! It is (quite) evident that...很显然...)
nt t
was nowhere in __B__ .到处都看不到汤姆.(in evidence 明显的,显眼的,显而易见的,可看见
的)
nce ce ity
is __C__ that two and two make four.二加二等于四,那是明明白白的.(It is bovious that...)
nt t s e
talked to the customer with __D__ impat ience.他和顾客谈话时显然不耐烦的样子.(本题选用
apparent或obvious也没什 么不可以.但evident和clear就有点勉强了.)
t e
is __A__ (that) you have been cheated.明白得很,你已受骗了.(It is clear that...)
nt ful nt


◤词语大辨析◢-§(20)
关于people的四个词,可能大家很早就听说过了吧,但 我不知道是否都弄清楚了,所以在这里再提一下.
a people,peoples,people,the people有何区别?你分清了嘛?
a people 指一个国家或地区的民族、人民
peoples 为a people的复数形式,指许多国家或地区的不同的民族、人民
people 泛指人们是集合名词,不能指一人.以单数形式表示复数意义,谓语动词要用复数
the people 指人民可指某个国家的人民,也可指全世界的人民.它表示复数概念.若the people作为
主语,它的谓语动词要用复数形式.


Chinese are a hard-working ____.
B.a people people s
2.____ will laugh at you.
B.A people people s
3.____ are the makers of history.
B.A people people s
hundred ____ have attended the open air concert.
B.a people people s
5.____ of the two countries are determined to unite still more closely.
B.A people people Peoples
6.____ who were waiting at the entrance have now gone inside.
B.A people people s



14

Chinese are a hard-working __A__.中国是个勤劳的民族.(a (adj.) people)
B.a people people s
2.__A__ will laugh at you.人们会嘲笑你的.
B.A people people s
3.__C__ are the makers of history.人民是历史的创造者.
B.A people people s
hundred __A__ have attended the open air concert.五百人参与了露天音乐会.
B.a people people s
5.__D__ of the two countries are determined to unite still more closely.两国人民决心团结得更
加紧密.
B.A people people peoples
6.__C__ who were waiting at the entrance have now gone inside.刚才等在入口处的人们现在都
进去了.
B.A people people s


◣词语大辨析◢-§(21)争论,争吵
argue,debate,discuss,dispute,quarrel都含有一定的争论之意
argue 指一方坚持自己的意见,立场和观点,通过争论企图说服对方(argue with sb. aboutover sth.)
debate 多指公开,正式场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论,双方各自陈述理由,交锋往返的意味较强
discuss 指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论,磋商
dispute 指持续,激烈的争论,语气较强,有”相持不下,未得解决”的意思(in dispute在争论中)
quarrel 争吵,争论,含与人发生口角的意思


1.I ____ with my flat-mate about who should do the housework.
sed d led
we are ____ about is not survival but the quality of life.
ing ng sing ng
are ____over foreign policy.
ing sing g ng
hold a fierce ____ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship
which was broken years ago.
eement t
he said just now had little to do with the question under ____.
sion ion ent
case was fully ____ before agreement was reached.
led d ted


1.I __D__ with my flat-mate about who should do the housework.我和我同住一个单元的人关于
谁应做家务吵了一架.(quarrel with sb. about sth.与某人发生口角)
sed d led
we are __A__ about is not survival but the quality of life.我们所争论的不是生存问题而
是生活质量问题.
ing ng sing ng
are __C__ over foreign policy.他们正就外交政策进行辩论. (argue with sb. aboutover

15

sth.)
ing sing g ng
hold a fierce __A__ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship
which was broken years ago.他们就公司是否应当恢复几年前中断了的贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争
论.
eement t
he said just now had little to do with the question under __B__.他刚才所见讲的与讨论
的问题关系不大.(under discussion在讨论中)
sion ion ent
case was fully __B__ before agreement was reached.这案件在达成一致意见前进行了充分
争论.
led d ted


◤词语大辨析◥-§22.
arise,arouse,raise,rise四个形近词,你分清了吗?
arise vi. 突然出现;起床
arouse vt.引起,唤醒,激起
raise vt.举起,提高,较多地被用于具体的场合,如举手,举杯,升旗等;有时也用于提高工资,提高工作效率等
rise vi.上升,升高,上涨等,大多用于抽象或比喻的场合,如太阳,蒸汽,产量的上升,有时 也用于具体场合,如
人的起立,河水的上涨等


wind is ____.
g ng g
wages have been ____ recently.
d
3.A new problem has ____.
d
____ her mothering instincts.
d
____ at 6:30 a.m. as usual.
d
river ____ by two feet after the heavy rains.
d


wind is __A__.起风了.
g ng g
wages have been __B__ recently.最近我们的工资提高了.
d
3.A new problem has __D__.出现了一个新问题.
d
__C__ her mothering instincts.他激起了她的母爱本能.
d
__D__ at 6:30 a.m. as usual.他像平常一样早晨6点半起床.
d

16

river __A__ by two feet after the heavy rains.暴雨使河水水位升高两英尺.
d


◤ 词语大辨析◥―§(23)
some time,some times,sometime,sometimes,some day,the other day
some time n. 相当长的一段时间adv. 某个时候,某一天
some times adv. 数次
sometime adv. 某个时候,某一天可指过去,也可指将来),可用some time代替
sometimes adv.有时,间或
some day 有朝一日,有一天只指将来的一天),常与表示将来的时态连用,也可写成someday
the other day 那一天,前几天只指过去的某一天),仅用于过去时态中


1.____ I'm going to make a journey round the world.
other day times mes day
____ have letters from her.
time times me mes
3.I saw her ____ in July.
day me times mes
4.____ ,as I was walking up to town,I saw a strange man.
day me other day time
stayed in Belgium for ____.
time me times mes
6.I met your elder sister in the museum ____.
y mes times time


1.__D__ I'm going to make a journey round the world.有朝一日我要环游世界.
other day(只用于过去时) times mes day(用于将来时)
__D__ have letters from her.我们有时收到她的来信.
time times me mes
3.I saw her __B__ in July.我在七月的某一天见到过她.
day(用于将来时) me(也可用sometime) times mes
4.__C__,as I was walking up to town,I saw a strange man.在我走去镇上的那一天,我看见一个奇
怪的人.
day(用于将来时) me(概念较模糊,不清楚哪天) other day(用于过去时,特指
那一天) time
stayed in Belgium for __A__.马克思在比利时待了一段时间.
time me times mes
6.I met your elder sister in the museum __C__.我好几次在博物馆碰见你姐姐.
y mes times time


◣词语大辨析◥--§(24) 假的
artificial,fake,false都含有一定假的之意.
artificial 人造的,假的,矫揉造作的,不自然的 artificial lake人工湖; artificial smile做作的微笑
假笑; an artificial earth satellite人造地球卫星

17

fake adj.假的,伪造的,冒充的 n.假货,赝品(the antique is a fake那古董是件赝品)
false 假的,不真实的,带有欺骗性的假象 goods假冒商品


were some ___ flowers on the table.
cial ral
criminals were ptinting ____ dollar bills until they were arrested.
ious
e shouted

was too nervous to make an ____ manner.
cial
plus three is or ___?
cial
friends played him ___.
cial


were some __A__ flowers on the table.桌上放着一些假花.
cial ral
criminals were ptinting __B__ dollar bills until they were arrested.有些罪犯在被逮捕前
一直印假美钞.
(体面的) (专利的) ious(可疑的)
e shouted B__ alarm and there was no danger.有人喊失火了
可那只是一场虚惊并无危险.(false alarm 虚假的警报)

was too nervous to make an __D__ manner.她太紧张了,做出了不自然的举止.
cial
plus three is or __C__?三加三等于七.对还是错?
cial
friends played him __C__.他的朋友欺骗了他.(play sb. false 对某人不忠实,欺骗某人)
cial


◣词语大辨析◢-§25. 归因于...
ascribe,attribute,contribute,owe
ascribe 和 attribute 差别不大,都可以解释为中性)把...归因于,(褒义)把...归功于,(贬义)把. ..归咎
于也可以解释为把...归属于,认为...归属于...基本可以互换
contribute (to)有助于,促成...
owe (to)把...归功于(褒义)


l research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes ____ to the increase of
cancers.
e ute bute
sor Li ____ his success to his mother.

____ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.

18

t ute
discover of America is usually ____ to Columbus.
ed ed buted
should not ____ one's error to objective conditions.
bute e
6.I ___ it to you that I finished my work in time.
bute
exchange of goodwill missions greatly ____ to a better understanding between the two
countries.
e ute bute
poem is ____ to Homer.
ed buted


l research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes __C__ to the increase of
cancers.医学研究表明人们普遍吸烟导致癌症患者人数增加.
e ute bute
sor Li __C__ his success to his mother.李教授把他的成功归功于他母亲.
(破坏) cribeattribute (吼叫)
__B__ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.我们把爱迪生的成就归因于他的
聪明才智和辛勤工作.
t to 服从 uteascribe to 由于 to 参阅,涉及
discover of America is usually __A__ to Columbus.美洲大陆的发现通常被归功于哥伦布.
edattributedowed ed buted
should not __D__ one's error to objective conditions.一个人不应把自己的错误归咎于客观
条件.
to 运用,申请 bute eattribute
6.I __A__ it to you that I finished my work in time.亏得有你帮忙,我才及时完成了工作.
...to... 把...归功于... bute
exchange of goodwill missions greatly __C__ to a better understanding between the
two countries.互派友好代表团大大促进了两国之间的相互了解.
e ute bute
poem is __B__ to Homer.这首诗被认定为荷马所作.
ed...to...(认为...归属于...) buted (没有被动语态)


◣词语大辨析◢-§26. 聚集,收集...
assemble,accumulate,collect,gather
assemble vt.收集,调集 (le forces调集兵力;assemble evidence收集证据) vi.聚集(人
或事为某种共同目的聚集在一起,为特定计划而统一行动等)
accumulate 指知识财富的累积,积聚
collect vi.聚集,在集中以某一点或组成一组的意义上可与gather互换; vt.收集,仔细地有选择的收集
(集邮,搜集银币等都是一种有选择的收集)
gather vt.指把分布广泛零散的东西聚集在一起或人们走到一起汇集成一群



19

sometimes ____ one particular type of object,for example stamps or coins,as a
hobby.
le t late
kindergartener ____ the children round her.
led ted ed lated
ody ____ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.
late led
you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on____ .
lating tant lation odation
5.I went to several libraries to ____ information about the scheme.
le late


sometimes __C__ one particular type of object,for example stamps or coins,as a
hobby..人们有时收集一些特殊的物品,如邮票或硬币,作为一种业余爱好.
le t late
kindergartener __C__ the children round her..幼儿园阿姨把孩子们聚集在她周围.
led ted ed lated
ody __B__ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.大家都聚集在大厅,
在那里受到书记的接见.
late led(vi.) 堆积 (接连)
you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on__A__ .
如果你不定时整理桌上的文件,那它们只能堆得越来越多.(sort out整理
lating(keep on doing...) tant lation odation
5.I went to several libraries to __D__ information about the scheme.我去了几家图书馆搜集了
有关这个计划的信息.
le late 指把分布广泛分散的东西聚集在一起


◣词语大辨析◢-§(27)估计...
assess,estimate,evaluate,value,都含有一定的估计之意
评估assess 指对财产,收入,损失等做出评估(make an assessment)
估计estimate 对某物的性质,数量最大概的推断,指无法清算或数清时做出估计
估价
value→evaluate 指对物的价值给与评定


ations are not the only means of ____ someone's ability.
ting ing g ying
____ that the hall would hold one thousand people.
ted ated g ted
3.I ____ the house at $$200,000.
ate te te
he started work,I asked the builder to give me an ____ of the cost of repairing the
roof.
te ment cement tion




20

◣词语大辨析◢-§(28)

assure,ensure,guarantee ,insure,warrant都含有一定的保证之意
保证assure 表示向某人保证某事一定会发生(内含有让某人放心之意) assure
sb. of sth assure sb. that...
确保ensure 确定,保证确保某种行为一定会发生 ensure sth. ensure
that...
担保guarantee 对某事物的品质或人的行为提出担保对事物、商品等无质量,
性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证
insure 保险...纯粹经济意义)
warrant 担保,保证

director gave me his ____ that he would double my pay if I did my
job well.
t nly tion nce
patient has been ____ of the safety of the operation.
d teed d d
must ____ that the telegram arrives in time.

'd like to ____ our customers of the best possible service.
tee
has ____ his house against fire.
d d d teed
camera we sell comes with a two-year ____.
tee ation vation
manufacturers ____ that all the washing machines they supply are
properly tested.
y ce t st
watch is ____ for one year.
d d teed d
9.I ____ (you).
tee t
ability will ____ success tofor him.
tee

director gave me his __D__ that he would double my pay if I did
my job well.上司向我保证,只要我工作出色,他将加倍付给我工资.
t nly tion nce

21

patient has been __A__ of the safety of the operation.病人已确信
手术是安全的.(sb. be assured of sth.)
d teed d d
must __C__ that the telegram arrives in time.我们必须保证这份电报
及时到达.(ensure that...)
(secure sth. fromagainst 使...安全,可靠

'd like to __A__ our customers of the best possible service.我们愿
向我们的顾客保证尽可能提供最好的服务.
tee
has __B__ his house against 为他的房屋保了火险.
d d d teed
camera we sell comes with a two-year __A__. 我们出售的照相机,
每台都有一张为期两年的保修单.
tee ation(证实) vation(保存,保护)
manufacturers __C__ that all the washing machines they supply are
properly tested.生产商保证他们提供的所有洗衣机都经过了检验.
y ce t st
watch is __C__ for one year.我的表保用一年.
d d teed d
9.I __C__ (you).我敢保证.我向你保证.
tee t
ability will __B__ success tofor him.他的能力会保证他成
功.(ensure sth.)
tee

◣词语大辨析◢-§(29)

arouse,awake,evoke,wake,waken都含有一定的唤醒,唤起之意
arouse
vt.
引起,唤起,激起;唤醒=awaken
awake
adj
.[用作表语]醒着的
vt.
唤醒,觉醒
vi.
醒,觉醒,意识到
evoke
vt.
唤起,引起,使人想到
wake
vi.
醒来
vt.
唤醒,唤起,激起,使认识到 wake (up) to 认识到,意识到
waken
vi.
醒来,睡醒(up);觉醒,振奋
vt.
唤醒,弄醒;使觉醒;使振奋,激发;激起

1.I wish I could ____ some interest in English grammar in my students.
up
people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,the question
___ a variety of answer.
es ies
must ____ the fact that you have failed in business.
awake to
the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees,and
it can be difficult to ____ him in the morning if his body hasn't become
hot yet.

22

____ to find himself in the hospital.

time do you usually ____ (up)?


1.I wish I could __C__ some interest in English grammar in my students.
要是我能够激发起学生学习英语语法的兴趣该多好.(在表示激发,引起之意讲时,多用awaken,有时也可用awake,awake sb.'s interest激发某人的兴趣)
up
people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,the
question__A__ a variety of answer.当问及人们需要什么样的住房时,得到的
答案有各种各样.
(引起) es(调停) (蔑视) ies(放大)
must __C__ the fact that you have failed in business.你必须清楚
你的事业已经失败了.
awake to (觉悟,领悟,认识到)
the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees,and
it can be difficult to __B__ him in the morning if his body hasn't become
hot yet.夜间人的体温会降低一至二度,如果早晨温度还不升高的话,就很难叫
醒他.

__D__ to find himself in the hospital.他醒来发现自己在医院里.
(
vi
.)
time do you usually __D__ (up)?你平时在什么时候醒来?(wake up
醒醒,醒来


◣词语大辨析◢-§(30)

amaze,astonish,surprise都含有一定的惊讶之意
amaze 使吃惊,程度比surprise强(=surprise very much),一般指好事.(be
amazed at do sth.)
astonish 使惊愕,指使人大吃一惊(=surprise greatly),含有几乎使人无法相
信之意,是个语气较强的词(sb. be astonished at(by) do
...被(因)...惊吓
surprise 使惊异,指由于突然的事情使人产生惊奇,有出乎意料的含义.普通用
词,语气最弱. (sb. be surprised atby ...to do sth.;feel
surprised at ...对...感到惊讶吃惊地,在震惊中
三个词在用法上基本相同,可互换,只是语气上有所差别.
1.I am ____ by what you tell me.
ed
____ her most was hearing her name mentioned on TV.
shed sed d
____,the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to

23

culture.
sly ularly singly ly
the ____ of everybody,he won the prize.
se shment ent g
5.I was ____ to find him there.
ous ed
____ us by announcing that he was going to get married in a few day.
shed d y
1.I am __D__ by what you tell me.我听了你所说的话觉得惊愕.
ed
__A__ her most was hearing her name mentioned on TV.她最大吃一
惊的是在电视中听到了自己的名字.
shed sed d
__C__,the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to
culture.起名字的方法因文化不同而有很大差异是不足为奇的.
sly ularly singly ly
the __A__ of everybody,he won the prize.使大家惊奇的是,他竟得了
奖.(to one's surpriseto the surprise of sb.'s使某人惊奇的是
se shment ent g
5.I was __B__ to find him there.我发现他在那儿,吃了一惊.
ous ed
__B__ us by announcing that he was going to get married in a few day.
对于他宣布他即将结婚的消息,我们大吃一惊.
shed d y
◣词语大辨析◢-§(31)



award,reward都含有一定的奖励之意
award 指正式或官方颁发,授予award sb. sth.=award sth. to sb.
reward 给予报酬,指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬,奖赏某人(in
reward for”作为对„回报”;reward sb. for “因„而报答某人”)
above all,after all,first of all形式相似,意义不同
above all “尤其是,最重要的是”,强调特别对待,类似于especially,more
than anything else.
after all “毕竟,到底”,表示一种让步口气,与in spite of everything,in
the end 相似
first of all “首先”,表示一种次序,与before anything else类似

Luther King,great Black leader in the movement against racial
discrimination,was ____ the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding
contribution to world peace.
d d d

24

____ the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.
ed d d
3.____ you should be honest.
all all of all all
't get discouraged by setbacks,we are new to the work____.
all all all D.
en need many things,but ____ they need love.
all all all all
6.I ____ stumbled.
in but over all

1. Luther King,great Black leader in the movement against racial
discrimination,was __C__ the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding
contribution to world peace. 反对种族歧视运动的杰出黑人领袖Martin
Luther King,因其对世界和平的突出贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖.
d d d
__A__ the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.他们送给获胜
者水果和鲜花最为奖赏.(reward sb. with “用„酬劳某人”)
ed d d
3.__C__ you should be honest.首先你必须诚实.
all all of all all (at all”丝毫,根本”)
’t get discouraged by setbacks,we are new to the work__A__.别因
挫折而灰心,这工作对我们来说毕竟还是新的.
all all all (in all “总共”) D.
en need many things,but __B__ they need love.孩子门需要很多东
西,最重要的是爱.
all all all (for all “尽管,虽然”) all (and
all “以及其他一切,等等”)
6.I __B__ stumbled.我差点儿摔跤.
in (all in “精疲力竭的,疲乏到极点”) but (all but “差点
儿,几乎”) over (all over “浑身到处,全部结束”) all

◣词语大辨析◢-§(32)

bank,beach,coast,seaside,shore都含有一定的海)岸,边之意
bank 河岸,堤岸指河流两旁高出水面的地方
beach 海(湖,河)滩,水滨指受潮水冲刷而形成的有细沙或卵石覆盖的平缓的
斜坡
coast 海 岸,海岸线是地理上的专用名词,指海洋与陆地的分界线,有清晰的
边界概念.它不能用来指河岸或湖岸 .
seaside 海滨尤指假日度假胜地

25

shorel 岸,滨含义广泛,可指围绕海洋、河流及湖泊旁边的陆地,含有与水相
对的意味(in shore近岸在岸上,在陆上离岸

ai lies on the east ____ of China.
e
saw a boat about a mile from the ____.
e
English people like to go to the ____ for their holidays and lying
on the ____ in the sun.
e
old man used to sit on the river____ to fish.
e
children are playing with sand along the ____.

ship stopped a little way off the ____.


ai lies on the east __C__ of China. 上海位于中国东海岸.
e
saw a boat about a mile from the __A__.他们在离海岸大约一英里处
看到一条小船.
e
English people like to go to the __C__ for their holidays and lying
on the __D__ in the sun.许多英国人喜欢去海滨度假,并躺在海滩上晒太阳.
e
old man used to sit on the river__A__ to fish.那位老人过去常常坐
在河岸上钓鱼.
e
children are playing with sand along the __B__.孩子们在海滩上玩
沙.

ship stopped a little way off the __B__.船停在离岸不远处.


◣词语大辨析◢-§(33)

ban,forbid,prohibit都含有一定的禁止之意
ban
.
禁止,禁令prohibition),指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止,
含谴责或不赞成的态度,通 常搭配形式:ban ...from sth.
forbid
vt.
禁止,不许普通用语,比prohibit通俗,用于较小事物,或个人、上

26

级、官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定,或客观条件不允许,通常搭配形 式:forbid
sb. to do sth.
prohibit
vt.
禁止,不准by authority),指通过法律、法令、警告等
作出禁止 命令的正式规定或规则,通常搭配形式:prohibit sb. from sthdoing
sth.

is obviously quite embarrassed about it because he ____ me to tell
anyone.
e ted ited
parents ____ him from playing video games.
it
international treaty ____ trade in plants and animals of endangered
species.
es tates its zed
ng in this pool is ___.
d d
rain ____us to go out.
s its
s ____ their students to smoke and drink.
e it

is obviously quite embarrassed about it because he __B__ me to tell
anyone.很显然他对此事很难为情,因为他禁止我告诉别人.
e ted ited
parents __B__ him from playing video games.他父母禁止他打电子游
戏.
it (造反)
international treaty __C__ trade in plants and animals of endangered
species.国际公约禁止有关濒危动植物的贸易.
es tates its zed(使麻痹)
ng in this pool is__A__. 禁止在本池内游泳.
d d
rain __B__us to go out.下雨阻止了我们出去.
s its
s __D__ their students to smoke and drink.学校禁止学生抽烟和饮
酒.
e it


27

◣词语大辨析◢-§(34)

bare，blank，empty，hollow，margin，vacant 都含有一定的空白之意
bare
a.
光秃秃的,无遮蔽的,通常指局部的裸
blank
a.
空白的，指表面无字迹，没有写字、印刷、或做记号的空白处
empty
a.
(房间等)空的，没有物的，指描绘之物的内部本应有的东西这时 却没
有，或者可容人或物的地方或容器这时未容纳(房间里无家里设备或没有人)
hollow
a.
空的，空心的，空虚的，指所描绘之物的中心是空的，也可指空虚的
margin
n.
页边空白，多指纸张的页边，边缘的空白
vacant
a.
空的，(房间等)未被占用的，空着的，指暂时没有人居住或占据而空
闲着的

gh they plant trees in this area every year，the tops of some hills
are still ____.

is a ____ space at the bottom of the form for you to sign your
name in.

scientists believe that the black hole is ____,and would draw
everything,even light,toward its center.

everyone would like to find an apartment near the university,there
are very few ____ apartments in the area.
ed
5.I believe that the best way to take notes is in the ____ of the book
instead of on the notebook.
s ries

gh they plant trees in this area every year，the tops of some hills
are still __D__. 尽管他们每年都在这个地区植树,可是有些山头仍是光秃秃的.

is a __C__ space at the bottom of the form for you to sign your
name in. 在这表格的下方有一个空白处供你签名.

scientists believe that the black hole is __B__,and would draw
everything,even light,toward its center. 太空科学家认为,这个黑洞是空的,
它会把一切东西,甚至光吸入它的中心.

everyone would like to find an apartment near the university,there
are very few __A__ apartments in the area. 由于每个人都想在大学附近找
到一间公寓,所以那个地区几乎没有空房.
ed

28

5.I believe that the best way to take notes is in the __D__ of the book
instead of on the notebook. 我认为记笔记的最好方法是记在页边的空白处,
而不是记在笔记本上.
s ries

◣词语大辨析◢-§(35)

bear，endure，stand，tolerate都含有一定的忍耐、忍受之意
在表 示忍受pain，suffering，hardship等时，在许多情况下这四个词可以互换
使用； 通常与can或cannot连用
bear 强调忍受者很痛苦，对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力（常用于否定
句中）
endure (=bear bravely)指经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服，强调持久力
和意志坚强（常用于否定句中）
stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起（常用于否定句中）
tolerate指忍受某人或某 种行为而不反抗，语气最弱（即可用于肯定句也可用
于否定句）

seems that these ants can ____temperatures which would kill other
species.
te
old people don't like pop songs because they can't ____ so much
noise.
n te o
cloth will not ____ washing.
in for te
4.I can't ____ him. I can't ____ to wait any longer.
,stand ,bear te,bear ,endure
will not ____ interference in our home affairs.
with te

seems that these ants can __D__temperatures which would kill other
species. 看来这些蚂蚁能够忍受可能会置其他物种于死地的温度.
te
old people don't like pop songs because they can't __C__ so much
noise. 老年人不喜欢流行歌曲,因为他们不能忍受太大的吵闹声.
n te o
cloth will not __B__ washing. 这块布不耐洗.
in for te
4.I can't __A__ him. I can't ____ to wait any longer. 我不能容忍他.我

29

再也等待不下去了.
,stand ,bear te,bear ,endure
will not __D__ interference in our home affairs. 我们决不能容忍干
涉我们的内政.
help最不正式,特指靠本身力量无法解决的,迫切需要的帮助;
Building more motorways and bypasses will help the environment by reducing pollution and traffic jams in towns and cities...
建造更多的高速公路和绕城道路能够减少城镇中的污染和交通堵塞，有利于改善环境。
aid正式些;
They have already pledged billions of dollars in aid.
他们已经许诺援助几十亿美元。
assistance最正式,来自assist,只表示起到辅助作用.
Any assistance you could give the police will be greatly appreciated...
您提供的任何帮助警方都将万分感谢。
translation指笔译或翻译的泛称
He read Eugene O'Neill's plays in translation.
他读了经过翻译的尤金.奥尼尔的剧作。
interpretation一般指口译或解读
His arrival can be given more than one interpretation.
对他的到来可作出不止一种解释。
这些词都表示方法,method尤指有次序的,有计划的方法,较正式.
He invented a new method to make bread.
他发明了做面包的新方法。
New methods of production were employed a few years ago.
新的生产方法几年前曾使用过。
manner强调的是行动或步骤的具个性和独特性的方法.
She has a precise, clearly articulated manner of speaking.
她说话用词精确,表达清楚.
mode通常指由传统或习俗影响或引起的行事方法.
His mode of doing business is offensive to me.
他干事情的方式叫我很不喜欢。
way最为普通,口语化.
lawful指一定的控制
0

30

legal adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法的
解析:【同】lawful, legitimate, legislation
【辨析】
lawful指一定的控制,强制行为具有法律依据.如;lawful arrest依法逮捕;
He recognized John as his lawful heir.
他确认约翰为他的合法继承人。
Marriage by a priest is lawful in England without another ceremony.
在英国,由牧师证婚的婚姻即使没有别的仪式也是合法的。
legal意思同lawful,但通常用于法令,较正式;
Is it legal for boys of that age to drink alcohol?
这个年龄的男孩喝酒合法吗?
legitimate表示法律承认习惯已认可的.如legitimate son 婚生子illegitimate;
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.
生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
legislation n.立法,法律的制定(或通过),参照分类词典里的词汇.
They began to draft legislation.
他们开始起草法规。
error n.错误, 过失, 误差解析:be in error弄错了stand in error弄错了by error
错误地fall into an error误
0
error n.错误, 过失, 误差
解析:be in error弄错了
stand in error弄错了
by error错误地
fall into an error误入歧途, 犯错误
in error弄错了的 错误地
lead sb. into error使犯错误
make an error出差错, 犯错误
commit an error出差错, 犯错误
【同】 mistake
【辨析】 error 强调“违反某一既定标准, 不经心而做了错事, 产生偏差,疏忽或行动上的错误”, 如:an error in judgement判
断上的错误.
An unexpectedly damaging error.
意外发生的能带来损失的错误。
mistake 指“由于粗心,不注意或在理解,认识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误, 有时这种错误是无意的”, 如:

I take you as Li Xiaolai.
I used your pen by mistake.我错拿了你的钢笔.

31

He made a stupendous mistake. 他犯了一个极大的错误。
choose 强调聪明的挑选,乃是基于某种理由;
We choose her a nice birthday present.
我们给她挑选了一件精致的生日礼物。
We choose an expensive toy for the boy.
我们给孩子买了一件昂贵的玩具。
select 则表示从几个东西中进行挑选,经过权衡之后进行的选择;
They selected a diamond engagement ring.
他们挑选了一枚钻石订婚戒指。
Which place in the world would you select as your perfect home?
你选择世界上的什么地方作为你最理想的安家之地呢?
pick通常按个人的喜恶进行挑选,主观性强;
It took her two hours to pick a dress that suited her.
她花了两个小时才挑选了一件合适的衣服。
Dade picked a dress in fashion for his girlfriend.
达德给他的女朋友挑了一件时髦的裙子。
elect 表示选举.
Then the congress elected its presidium.
然后代表大会选出主席团。
We elected him (to be) monitor.
我们选他当班长。
adequate表示符合一个客观标准,兼有适当的意思;

she had adequate training; her training was adequate; she was adequate to the job.
她受了足够的训练；她的训练是足够的；她能胜任这个工作。

enough和su fficient偏重数量的足够,enough能放在名词后面,sufficient不能.
We have gained sufficient experience to tackle this problem.
我们已经有了足够的经验来处理这个问题。
His income is sufficient for his needs.
他的收入能满足他的需要。
There is enough food [food enough] for everybody
有足够的食物供大家吃。
conflict 既可指敌对双方的斗争,也可指内部的某些矛盾.如:

internal conflict内部矛盾

32

It is not surprising that such a view has led to very considerable conflict.
这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。
Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws?
英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗?
contest 既指友谊性的竞赛,也指为争夺某物的带敌意的争斗.如:
an archery contest 射箭比赛
He's contesting the election next week.
他在争取下周当选。
combat 多指格斗.如:

armed for combat准备格斗
The police are now using computers to help combat crime.
警方现在使用电脑打击犯罪活动。
fight常指个人或象征性的冲突,也可指与逆境的抗争.如:

the fight against fate 与命运抗争
Jim was able to hold back his anger and avoid a fight.
吉姆总算抑制住了愤怒, 从而避免了一场殴斗。
quotation n.引用语, 价格, 报价单, 行情表
解析:Which book do these quotations come from? 这些引文出自那本书?
a quotation for building the bridge 建桥估价单
【同】 citation, reference
【辨析】
quotation指不改动原文照搬引用;
We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare.
我们把这句引用语归于莎士比亚。
citation指引用某人先前的说法,与原文可以有出入;
Exploration of PageRank-based citation analysis method
基于PageRank的引文分析方法探讨
reference指参考,一般不照抄.
Just take the advices as reference.
把这些意见都当作一种参考。
conception指理性的概括活动;
He's got a pretty strange conception of friendship.
他对友谊有一种非常独特的见解。
idea在正式的学术用语中表示观念,思想;

33

In ideas those two political parties are worlds apart.
那两个政党在思想上有巨大分歧。
除此外,与notion都可泛指念头,想法;
have a good notion of很懂得
have no notion of不明白
I have no notion of resigning.
我没有辞职的意思。
He has no notion of what I mean.
他不明白我的意思.
thought指思想活动,思想,具有一定的系统性.
After some thought he hit on a plan to route the enemy.
他经过一番思考, 想到了一个打垮敌人的办法。


specific n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的,效的; 【生物】种的
解析:【同】definite, explicit
【辨析】
definite是唯一能具有选择性的明确意见,不是a就是b;

She made no definite answer.
她没有作确定的回答。
explicit必须是语言的,强调所有细节的清楚;
The doctor gave me explicit instructions on when and how to take the medicine.
大夫详细地告诉我该何时服药以及如何服药。
specific指偏重于正确的描述而不做评价
.
The trouble with Bill was that he never had a specific aim in life.
比尔的问题是他从未有过明确的人生目标。
appropriate adj.适当的 vt.占用, 据为己有; 盗用, 挪用
解析:He appropriated public funds for his own private use.
他挪用公款.
A dirty face is not appropriate for the school photograph.
脸脏了不适合照学生像.
【同】fit, suitable, apt, proper
【辨析】appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合,地位等.强调自然具备适宜的性质;
Dress neatly and attractively in an outfit appropriate to the job...
着装要整洁美观，适合于这份工作。
fit意为某人或某物在目的上用途上适合;

34

This dress doesn't fit me.
这件衣服不适合我穿。
suitable意味着适合某种情况;
He was just not suitable for the job.
他就是不适合干这份工作。
apt含有能动意味;
It was an apt remark.
这话讲得得体。
proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义,还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质.
He wondered whether it would be proper to knock at her door.
他不知道敲她的门是否恰当。
================= ================================================== ===========================
=========
investigation n.调查研究
解析:bear investigation不怕追查
conduct an investigation in对…进行研究
carry on an investigation in对…进行研究
conduct an investigation into对…进行研究
carry on an investigation into对…进行研究
under investigation调查进行中
【同】 probe, research, inquest, examination, inquiry
investigation是正式或官方的调查,以弄清事实真相
The matter is the subject of a police investigation, and we have been advised not to
comment.
这件事警方正在调查，我们得悉不要加以评论。
probe用于新闻,指广泛而彻底的调查
The police probe into organized crime led to several arrests.
警方对有组织犯罪的调查使数人受到拘捕。
research 在学术上为了得到新的结果而从原始资料中进行调查指法律调查
Research has shown that women live longer than men.
调查表明女性比男性寿命长。
examination 详细观察某人而得到无误的材料
On further examination it was found that the signature was not genuine.
经过进一步的调查发现签名不是真的。


35

inhibition抑制，阻止
Some drugs can cause the inhibition of normal bodily activity.
某些药物能抑制正常的身体功能。
prohibit指通过颁布法令来绝对禁止某事物;
Prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages.
禁止出售含酒精的饮料。
ban也是通过权威性的禁止来禁止,ban还带有一种社会谴责的意味;
The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations.
新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。
The union has imposed a ban on overtime.
工会制定了超时加班的禁令。
Forbid较弱 指绝对禁止,希望人们能遵守政府的意愿.
The new law forbids smoking in offices.
新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。
injure 表示对外貌,健康造成伤害;
She was badly injured in an accident. 她在一次事故中被重伤.
harm与 hurt主要指那些带来痛苦,悲伤,损失或损害的;
Gypsy moths harm foliage. 蛾对叶子有害.
My feelings are hurt. 我的感情受到了伤害.
damage一词通常指那种使价值降低,有用性和有效性减少的损害;
A falling tree damaged the roof. 一棵倒下的树损坏了屋顶.
The scandal seriously damaged the senator's reputation.
那丑闻严重害了参议员的名声.故此,damages在法律上指赔偿金
impair一词指的是减低,减损; 轻
The patient's intelligence has been impaired by a brain injury.
由于脑伤,病人的智力受损.
Spoil 毁了 是损坏和彻底摧毁价值,优点和力量,表示无可挽回的损坏,如spoiled child, indulged child;
Worrying about business spoiled our evening.
由于对生意的担心,我整个晚上都给毁掉了

work指任何有目的的工作,不管有无报酬;
I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。
employment指一种雇佣关系,与一定报酬相对应;

36

A large office requires the employment of many people.
一个大办事处需要雇用好多人员。
Occupation职业 强调某人有规律的从事的工作,可能经过一定的训练;
He carried on several occupations at a time.
他同时从事几种职业。
business常指在商业方面的管理活动.
Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.
很多重要的大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。
subsidiary adj.辅助的, 补充的 解析:subsidiary business副业

subsidiary troops雇佣军
wholly-owned subsidiary附属公司
【同】auxiliary, secondary
【辨析】

auxiliary指辅助性的支援或帮助,与受助者的性质相同,如军事上的援助;
I work in an auxiliary unit.
我在一家附属单位工作。
secondary表示一个从属性的附加因素,或者暗示这因素属于次要地位;
It's a question of secondary importance.
这是个次要的问题。
All other considerations are secondary to his safety.
现在首先要考虑的是他的安全, 其他事均是次要的。
subsidiary指与主要事物并存的属于附属地位的事物,如分店等.
This question is subsidiary to the previous one.
这个问题是辅助上一个问题的。
income常指定期的收入;


Is income distribution an issue?
收入分配重要吗？
He rely on the meager income.
他靠微薄的收入生活。 < br>salary指脑力劳动者的收入,因其来源于salt,古罗马支付文官的方式之一（尤指按月发放的） ;
an enviable salary
令人羡慕的薪水

37

Their qualifications entitle them to a higher salary.
他们的资格使他们可以得到较高的薪金。
wage指体力劳动者的工资;
The minimum wage is 4.25 dollars an hour.
最低工价为每小时四点二五美元。
His father worked under the capitalist for a wage.
他的父亲为挣一份工资，在资本家手下干活。
pay指军饷.
However, Afghan officials in Kabul say the pay of Afghan soldiers will remain a problem.
但阿富汗官员在喀布尔表示，阿富汗士兵的军饷仍将是个问题。
It was caused by colonial resentment at the contemporary attitude that commercial or industrial interests of any colony should
be subordinate to those of the mother country, and the unwillingness of the colonists to pay for a permanent army.
战争的 原因是基于对当时殖民者认为一切殖民地的商业和工业利益需服从于英国的态度的反对，也由于殖民地人民拒绝为 长期
的军队支付军饷。
normal的词根是norm,formal 的词根是form ,注意拼写.normal 强调对于已有标准的遵守和维持

normal body temperature正常体温;
(be) normal to垂直于..., 对 ... 成直角
off normal离位; 不正常
She braced herself to lead a normal life.
她振作起来去过正常生活。
Everything is normal here.
这里一切正常。
Regular 规律的 指不变地符合已定的规则,方针或统一的步骤:

her regular bedtime 她不变的作息时间;
natural形容固有,含有或符合某人内在特性或特点的事物:

a natural fear of nuclear war对核战争本能的恐惧;

typical强调符合那些表明一种,一组或一级的数量,特质或特点:
a typical American 典型的美国人;
a painting typical of the Impressionist school典型的印象主义派画法
remove可以表示将某物移到某处,不带感情色彩;移除
He removed the picture and put it in the drawer.
他把画取下来, 放到抽屉里。
Our office has removed.
我们的机关迁移了。

38

dismiss常指上级打发或遣走下级;解雇 开除
The new governor dismissed the staff that served his predecessor.
新州长将前任州长的职员全部解雇。
He dismissed me from the club.
他把我开除出俱乐部
eliminate指例行公事的排除某物,也指有系统的摧毁某物.exclusive method 排除法
You must eliminate an unknown quantity.
你必须消去一个未知数。
The police have eliminated two suspects (from their enquiry).
警方（从调查中）已排除了两名受嫌疑的人.
Like radio buttons, list controls are powerful tools for simplifying interaction because they eliminate the possibility of making an
invalid selection.
和单选按钮一样，列表控件是简化交互功能的强大工具，因为它排除了做出错误选择的可能性。
She went through the typescript carefully to eliminate all errors from it.
她认真检查了打字稿,排除了所有的错误。
meeting最为一般,最不正式,可以是偶然的,也可以是安排好的;

He spoke at the meeting in a bright voice.
他在会上大声地发言。
conference比较正式,可指两人或多人聚会;

Nearly all the members attended the conference.
几乎全体成员都出席了这次会议。
I'll have a conference with the manager.
我要和经理商谈一下。
assembly是多人的有计划的集会;
The National Assembly has[have] discussed the crisis.
国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论。
congress常指立法机构,国家机关;
Congress has approved the new budget.
国会已批准了这项新的预算。
council可指多国参加的会议,也可指特定目标的非法定团体;
The matter was debated in the Security Council of the United Nations.
这个问题在联合国安全理事会辩论过。
congregation指某一宗教的会众,大写指以色列人.

39

a church congregation guided by a pastor.
由一个牧师管理的教会。

choice 表示从一个系列的人或物中进行挑选;
He made a sane choice.
他做了一个明智的选择。
alternative强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间所作的选择:
An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. . . . Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I
will never see you again if you do (Jane Austen). “伊丽莎白,你面前摆着只有两种令人不快的选择.…如果你不 嫁给柯林斯先生,
你母亲会再也不愿见到你,而如果你要 嫁给他,我会再也不愿见到你”（简奥斯丁）.
option常常侧重于已经被权威等所授予的一种选择能力或自由:
The option lies between accepting the candidate the administration proposes and reconstituting the search committee.
可以在接受由领导提名的候选人以及重组选拔委员会之间作出选择.
preference指基于个人价值观,偏见或偏好上的选择,不一定很理性:
We were offered our preference of wines.
我们可以选择自己喜欢的葡萄酒.
selection含有可供选择的许多不同的人或物的意思;
election特别强调选择时使用判断力,也指选举:
The university recommends the election of courses in composition and literature.校方建议选择有关写作与文学的课程.
financial a.财政的 金融的 解析:【同】fiscal, monetary
financial 常表示大额交易.与fiscal的区别是:战略及战术的区别,宏观及微观的区别.
Many computer software corporations are experiencing financial reverses.
许多计算机公司经历过财政危机.
fiscal尤指一国的财政政策.
The Secretary of the Treasury is the chief fiscal officer of our government.
财政部长是我国的财政首脑.(treasury bond国库券)
monetary 常指铸币流通或货币政策.
The basic monetary unit of the United States is the dollar. 美国货币基本单位是美元.

distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫
解析:a distinction without a difference名义上的区别,人为的区别
confer a distinction on (upon) sb. 授与某人勋章(称号)
draw (make) a distinction between对…加以区别
gain (attain, win) distinction出名
graduate from college with distinction以优异成绩毕业
rise to distinction出名
serve with distinction in the war立下战功
win a distinction for因…而获功勋;荣获勋章(或称号)

40

with distinction以优异的成绩;以杰出的表现
without distinction无差别地,一视同仁地
【同】difference, unlikeness, divergence, variation, distinction, discrepancy
【辨析】difference最为普通
differences in color and size 颜色和尺寸间的差别;
dissimilarity是指在其它方面很相似或非常类似的事物间的差异;
a striking dissimilarity between the personalities of the sisters
姐妹间个性的显著差异.
unlikeness usually implies greater and more obvious difference
unlikeness经常暗含着较大和较明显的差别;
more likeness than unlikeness among children of that age.
那个年龄的孩子们间的相似远多于差异.
divergence是指原本相似的事物间逐渐增加的差异;
points of divergence between British and American English英语和美语间的不同点
variation指相同等级或种类的差异,通常指原始的,指定的或典型的事物的变更;
variations in temperature 温度的变化
distinctio n通常的意思为相似的或相关的事物间的细节差异,只能通过仔细的检查才能确定的;
the distinction in meaning between Good and Excellent “好的”和“出色”两词的词义差别.
discrenpancy是指本应一致或匹配的事物,因意外条件而不一致,造成了事物间的差异.
a discrepancy between what was promised and what was done 所说的和所做的之间的差异
environmental adj.周围的, 环境的
解析:【衍】environment 环境
【同】surroundings, vicinity
environment 指人与自然界生存的环境,或是某种比喻的环境;
a growing consciousness of environmental issues among children
儿童对环境问题不断提高的意识
surroundings指围绕着某物的周遭环境,注意是复数;
She is adaptable to new surroundings.
她是一个能适应新环境的人。
vicinity指近处的范围,in the vicinity of.
from the vicinity of the Senegal river.
来自塞内加尔河附近地区。
factors n.因素,要素,因数
解析:【同】element, ingredient,

41

【辨析】
factor具有数学及解析意味,是一个整体的成分;
Industry and modesty are the chief factors of his success.
勤奋和谦虚是他成功的主要因素。
element强调这一部分是基础性的,不可或缺的,如元素;
Cells are the elements of the human body.
细胞是人体的基本单位。
ingredient只是表明构成一种混合物的的成分.
What are the ingredients of the cake?
这蛋糕是用哪些原料做成的?


42

6级词汇辨析
◣词语大辨析◥-§①
abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的放弃之意
desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)

abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划
forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋 eg. forsake one's wife and children
遗弃妻儿;forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯
quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指停止停止工作


Exercises (choose the best answer & translate every sentence):
presence of mind never __ him.
A. deserted B. left C. lost D. quit
e some difficulties, they're not going to __ the plan.
A. abandon B. desert C .forsake D. quit
3.__ it out!
A. Forsake B. Quit C. Give up D. Desert
Schwarzenegger has __ the theater for politics.
A. deserted B. forsook C. quit D. exchanged


presence of mind never deserted him.他从不失去镇静.
2. Despite some difficulties, they're not going to abandon the plan. 尽管他们遇到了一些困难,
但并不打算放弃这个计划.
3. Quit it out!住嘴.住手.
Schwarzenegger has forsook the theater for politics.阿诺德•施瓦辛格弃艺从政了


◣词语大辨析◥-§②
accessory，decoration，ornament 都含有一定的装饰品之意
accessory [常作pl.]指(女性的)装饰品,(手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等)
decoration 指为了装饰某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品
ornament 指一般装饰品(ornament在作动词时常可和decorate互换)
Garnish 配菜


1. The hall is ___ with flowers and flags.
A. full B. filled C. garnished D. decorated
Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ___ such as colored lights and glass balls.
A. ornaments B. luxuries C. exhibits D. complements
wore a green wool suit with matching ___.
A. decorations B. ornament C. accessories D. appendix
you help me to ___ a fish with slices of lemon.
A. add B. garnish C. decorate D. ornament


hall is decorated with flowers and flags.大厅里装饰着鲜花和旗帜.(此句也能用ornament
替换.)

1

Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ornaments such as colored lights and
glass balls.圣诞树被一些闪亮的装饰物点缀着,如彩灯和玻璃球.
wore a green wool suit with matching accessories.她穿了一件绿色的羊毛套装,佩戴着得
体的首饰.
you help me to garnish a fish with slices of lemon.你能帮 我在鱼上加配柠檬片吗?(garnish
多用于对烹饪、菜式的装饰,如加调味料,加配材料等)


◣词语大辨析◥-§③:
accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有完成之意
accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果
complete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分
end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止
finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止


1. We tried to settle the argument but ___ nothing.
A. accomplished B. completed C. ended D. finished
term will ___ early in July.
A. accomplish B. complete C. end D. finish
building was ___ in 1962..
A. accomplished B. completed C. ended D. finished
will the work be ___.
A. accomplished B. completed C. ended D. finished
5.比较: I have finished the book.和I have completed a book.分别释为何意呢?


tried to settle the argument but accomplished nothing.我们试图解决争端,但未成功.
term will end early in July.学期将在七月初结束.
building was finished in 1962.大厦建成于1962年.
will the work be completed.工作什么时候完结?
5.I have finished the book.我读完了那本书.
I have completed a book.我写完了一本书.


◤词语大辨析◢-§.④
accurate，correct，de licate，exact，precise都含有一定的正确,精确之意
accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性
correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误
delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的
exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量 或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末
节上也丝毫不差
precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带吹毛求疵
的贬义


painting is aan ___ copy of the original.
A. exact B. precise C. correct D. accurate
technology has enhanced the ___ of many surgical procedures.

2

A. detail B. cost C. exaction D. precision
hope to become more ___ in predicting earthquakes.
A. exact B. correct C. precise D. accurate
’s the ___ thing to do.
A. accurate B. precise C. exact D. correct
of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ___ operation, he quickly recovered
his sight.
A. precise B. delicate C. considerate D. exact


painting is aan exact copy of the original.他的画是与原作丝毫不差的临摹作品.
technology has enhanced the precision of many surgical procedures.激光技术已大大
提高了外科手术的精确度.
hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes.我们希望能更准确地预测地
震.(be accurate in„ 在„方面很精确)
`s the correct thing to do.正应如此.
of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a delicate operation, he quickly
recovered his sight.他的一只眼睛在事故中受伤,但经过精细的手术以后很快恢复了视力.


◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑤
accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的指控,控告之意
accuse: Accuse sb. of doing sth.为„指责某人, 控告某人
charge: charge sb. with doing sth.指控某人„
indict: 具体用法见练习3、4、5句


1. The soldier was ___ of running away when the enemy attacked.
A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished
___ me with negligence of duty.
A. accused B. blamed C. charged D. indicted
police ___ him as a rioter.
A. indicted B. accused C. charged D. punished
company ___ him for sabotage.
A. accused B. indicted C. blamed D. charged
was ___ on a charge of murder.
A. accused B. charged C. punished D. indicted


soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.这个士兵被指控为临阵
逃脱.
2. He charged me with negligence of duty.他指控我玩忽职守.
police indicted him as a rioter.警察指控他为扰乱治安者.(Indict sb. as„指控某人为„)
company indicted him for sabotage他公司告发他的破坏行为.(indict sb for sth.告发某人„)
was indicted on a charge of murder.他因犯杀人罪被起诉.(sb. be indicted on a charge
of „因犯„被告发)



3

◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑥
achieve, acquire, attain, gain, obtain都含有一定的获得,达到之意
achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标
acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等
attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地
gain 指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西
obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西


1. After so many years of hard work, he finally ___ success.
A. obtained B. acquired C. achieved D .gained
has ___ some very unpleasant habits recently.
A. obtained B. gained C. attained D. acquired
typhoon, winds ___ a speed greater than 120 km per hour.
A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble
the second experiment they ___ a very clear result.
A. obtained B. acquired C. won D. attained
___ without pains.
A. obtains B. gains C. attains D. acquires
___ a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.
A. achieved B. attained C. acquired D. gained


so many years of hard work, he finally achieved success.经过这么多年努力,他终于获得
了成功.
has acquired some very unpleasant habits recently.她最近养成了一些不良的习惯.
typhoon, winds attain a speed greater than 120 km per hour.发生台风时,风速每小时高达
120公里.
the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.在第二次试验中他们的到了一个非
常清楚的结果.
gains without pains.不劳则无获.
6. She acquired a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.他从陈教授的讲座中学
到很多英语知识.


◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑦
acknowledge, admit, concede, confess, recognize都含有一定的承认之意
acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事
admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认(事实,错误等)
concede (不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败
confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶
recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等


1. He ___ that the statement was true in an argument.
A. conceded B. admitted C. confessed D. recognized
___ having been at fault.
A. admitted B. confessed C. acknowledged D. recognized

4

new law was generally admitted ___ difficult to enforce.
A. being B. to being C. to be D. to have
gh they had suffered heavy losses, they refused to ___ defeat.
A. concede B. conserve C. admit D. assert
y he has to ___ himself guilty.
A. concede B. confess C. admit D. acknowledge
was___ as the legitimate representative.
A. acknowledge B. admitted C. conceded D. recognized


A.C.C.A.B.D
conceded that the statement was true in an argument.他在辩论中承认对方的说法是正确
的.(有点不情愿的承认)
acknowledged having been at fault.他承认自己曾犯过错误.
new law was generally admitted to be difficult to enforce.大家普遍认为,新的法律很难实
施.(admit后面可跟名词或动名词作宾语, 不根不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补. 此句中admit为被动
结构,所以用to be difficult to enforce作主语补语.)
gh they had suffered heavy losses, they refused to concede defeat.虽然他们已遭受
惨重损失,但还是不肯认输.
y he has to confess himself guilty.最终他不得不认罪.(confess oneself认罪)
was recognized as the legitimate representative of the company.张先生背城认为
公司的合法代表.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑧
affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的宣称，断言之意
affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意
assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称
allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说
claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点


1. Politicians more often___ their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.
A. assert B. claim C. allege D. affirm
suspect ___ that he had not been in the neighborhood.
A. advocated B. alleged C. addressed D. announced
___ his belief that she was innocent.
A. affirmed B. asserted C. maintained D. stressed
___ that this could be done.
A. affirmed B. alleged C. asserted D. claimed
’t ___ to know what you don’t know.
A. claimed B. asserted C. alleged D. affirmed


cians more often affirm their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.
政治家经常声称他们想退休,但未必是真的.
suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood.嫌疑犯生成案发时他并不在现
场.

5

asserted his belief that she was innocent.他坚持自己的想法,她是无辜的.
asserted that this could be done..他宣称这是可行的.
't claim to know what you don't know.不要强不知以为知.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑨
alarm, dread, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror都含有一定的惊恐之意
alarm 惊恐,忧虑,指突然遇到危险产生的紧张,害怕,惊慌失措的心理状态,也可指一般的担心忧虑
(takefeel alarm at„因„而惊恐)
dread 担忧,惧怕,多指因预料有危险和不愉快的事面临而产生的不安心情,比fear更为强烈的恐惧
fear 表示恐惧最普通的用语,指遇到危险或灾难内心感到不安或发慌
fright 指突然的惊恐
horror 令人毛骨悚然,使人极其厌恶的恐怖(常用于强调表现出恐怖的现象或行为,而不强调引起恐怖的
原因)
panic 恐慌(指吃惊以后随之而来的不知所措,神经几乎失控的状态)
terror 恐怖(指个人安全受到严重威胁时所产生的巨大恐惧及惊骇)


1. There is nothing to get ___ about.
A. alarmed B. feared C. horrified D. terrified
had always been in ___of meeting with an accident.
A. horror B. alarm C. terror D. dread
cat ___ dogs.
A. alarms B. fears C. panics D. dreads
4.I don't ___ easily.
A. fear B. dread C. frighten D. alarm
watch with ___ as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.
A. panic B. alarm C. horror D. terror
the residents of the town ___ when there was a big fire in the supermarket.
A. panic B. panicked C. surprised D. shocked
was ___ out of her senses.
A. alarmed B. feared C. horror D. terrified


is nothing to get alarmed about.没什么可大惊小怪的.
had always been in dread of meeting with an accident.他总是担心遇上意外事故.
cat fears dogs.我们家的猫怕狗.
4.I don't frighten easily.我不会轻易受惊的.
watch with horror as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.他们心惊
肉跳得看着走钢丝绳的演员摇摇晃晃地在恢复平衡.
the residents of the town panicked when there was a big fire in the supermarket.超市
的一场大火震惊了全镇居民.(pa nic的过去式为panicked)
was terrified out of her senses.她吓得魂不附体.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑩
alter ,change,convert,modify,shift,transform,vary都含有一定的改 变之意
alter 改变,变更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成另一种事物

6

change 改变,变更,指位置,性质,外表,形式或是数量与质量等改变.常与into连用.
convert 使转变,变化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化,而不是本质上的巨大变化,
也可用 于改变某人的政治观点、信仰.这个词义是其他词所没有的
modify 修改,变更,较正式,常用以表示意见,计划或形式,质量方面不大的变化
shift 指位置或方向的移动,改变
transform 指外形或面貌的改变,彻底改变性格,性质等
vary 改变,不同,有区别,变化


your coat is too long,the tailor can___it to fit you.
t
___ have taken place since he left.
ts s orms
used to be a Christian,but he is now___ to Buddhism.
ted d ormed ed
that ___ with the quality.
t
wind has ___ from north to south.
d ted d ormed
military factories have been ___ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the
country.
d d ormed
inventor ___ his original design in order to increase the machine’s effiency.
ged ted ed ated


your coat is too long,the tailor can alter it to fit you.如果你的衣服太大,裁缝会给你改的合身.
hanges have taken place since he left.他走后变化很大.
3 He used to be a Christian,but he is ted to Buddhism.他过去是一个基督教徒,现在
改信佛教.
that vary with the quality.价格随质量不同而变化.(vary with„随„而变化)
wind has shifted from north to south.风向从北转到了南.
military factories have been transformed into civil ones in order to meet the needs
of the country.为了适应国情的需要,我们把很多军用工厂改成了民用工厂.
inventormodified his original design in order to increase the machine’s efficiency.
发明者改变原来的设计目的是提高机器的效率.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑾
alternative,choose,pick,select都含有一定的选择之意
alternative adj. n. 供选择的,抉择,供选择的东西.指在两者之间进行选择,两者选一的
choose 适用范围最广, 指从众多的对象中挑选,这中挑选常取决于个人的意志与判断,不强调客观标准.它
所选择的对象可以是 不同种类的,可以是有形的或无形的.还常带有最终选定的含义,即表示选定候不再变化.
pick 口头用语,指仔细地,精心地选择,含有挑剔的意思.一般指挑选有形的东西
select 语气比c hoose重,多用于正式场合.指仔细地,审慎地精选,强调客观性,而不是主观性.所挑选的对
象可 以是有形或无形的,但一定是同种类的.



7

___an appropriate birthday card for his mother.
ed d
en shouldn't ___ food.
off
___ Miss Lilyfor his wife.
ed d
traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide a secure ___ to
carrying your money in cash.
ence ion ative
5.I'm to ___ a few good books to send to my friend.
up out at


selected an appropriate birthday card for his mother.他给母亲精心挑选了一张合适的生日
卡.
en shouldn’t pick food.孩子不应该挑食.(pick off摘去,采取)
3 He chose Miss Lilyfor his wife.他选择了莉丽小姐作为他的妻子.(从本句可以看出常带有最
终选定的含义这一点)
traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide a secure
alternative to carrying your money in cash.建议你旅游时带旅行支票,那样要比带现金安全.
5.I'm to pick out a few good books to send to my friend.我要挑选几本好书给我的朋友.(pick up
收拾整理,用车接人 pick out挑选,拣出 pick at吃一点点,无食欲地吃)


◤词语大辨析◢-§⑿
altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude都非常形近
altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 metres above sea level海拔20,000米)
aptitude 才能,智力,倾向,习性
attitude 态度,看法
latitude 纬度(longitude经度)


s have an ___ for building dams.
de de de de
takes the ___ that Children should be allowed to learn at their own pace.
de de de de
has an ___ for languages.
de de de de
's your ___ towards this question?
de de de de
is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees north ___.
de de de de
pilot is exercising the ___ flight.
de de de de


s have an aptitude for building dams.水獭有筑坝的习性.
takes the attitude that Children should be allowed to learn at their own pace. 她采取

8

的态度就是应该允许孩子们按照自己的节奏学习.
3 He has an aptitude for languages.他有学语言的才能.
's yourattitudetowards this question?你对这个问题有什么看法?
is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees northlatitude.台北位于东
经121.7度,北纬25度.
pilot is exercising the altitudeflight.飞行员正在练习高空飞行.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒀
announce, declare, proclaim都含有一定的宣布之意
announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布 ，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事、商品信息、
生死病婚、开会等新闻
declare 指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度
proclaim 指官方事务中当局对大众所作的重要宣布
其实,三个词之间有时也可经常互换使用.


ne was silent as he ___ the winner of the competition.
ed ced imed
government ___ war on the drug dealers.
ed ced d
___ him a model worker.
ed imed
chairman ___ the exhibition open.
ed imed
Congress of the Communist Party of China was ___ to meet in the paper.
ed ced imed


ne was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.当他宣布竞赛的获胜者
时,大家都静静地倾听.
government declared war on the drug dealers.政府向毒品贩子宣战.(declare war
onagainst„向„宣战;proclaim war宣战)
proclaimed him a model worker..它们宣布他为劳动模范.
chairman declared the exhibition open.主席宣布展览会开幕.(本句感觉也可用announced,
你认为呢?)
Congress of the Communist Party of China was announced to mee


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒁
ample, adequate, plentiful,sufficient都含有一定的足够,丰富之意
ample 指不仅能达到应有的程度,满足需要,而且还有余,一般修饰数量不定的名词(ample time充裕的
时间;an ample basket of fruit满满一篮水果;ample space宽敞的空间)
adequate 足够的,充分的,指数量和质量上复合一个特定的标准或不太高的要求
plentiful 丰富的,很多的,富裕的
sufficient 尤指程度上多到能满足或达到某种特殊需要,特别是精神上的需要



9

is ___ evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what
she was doing.
ient ful te
law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have ___ opportunity to
change his mind.
te te ive
supply is not ___ to the demand.
ient ful te
has acquired ___ proficiency to read Chinese literary works.
ient ful te
5.A ___ harvest is in sight.
ient ful te


is ample evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what she was
doing.有充分证据表明那个正在提问的律师确实知道她在做什么.(ample evidence充分证据)
law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have adequate opportunity to change
his mind.根据法律,当一个人进行大宗购买时,他应该有充分的机会改变自己的注意.
supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求.
has acquired sufficient proficiency to read Chinese literary works.他已获得足够能力阅读
中国文学著作.
5.A plentiful harvest is in sight.丰收在望.(plentifulgood harvest丰收)


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒂
amplify, enhance, enlarge,expand,magnify都含有一定的扩大,提高之意
amplify 放大,扩大,增强,指放大,增强(信号等)
enhance 提高,增强,指(价格,力量,吸引力,声望)等的增加,提高.
enlarge 指体积,大小,范围,能力等方面的增加
expand 既可指数量上或体积上的增加,也可用来之前后左右上下任何方向的扩大,也指知识的增长,生意
的扩大
magnify 指放大,扩大(声音,照片等)


knowledge has greatly ___ in the last 30 years which enables people to achieve
more and live more comfortably.
ed ed ed ied
___ a radio signal.
ied ed ed ed
republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly ___ his national reputation.
y e y
often use a loudspeaker to ___ the voice.
p e y
must ___ our views by reading.
y y e e
boss is going to ___ retail operations.
y y e

10

asked someone to ___ the kitchen.
y y e e


1. Human knowledge has greatly expanded in the last 30 years which enables people to
achieve more and live more comfortably.过去30年人类的知识已经有了很大的增长,这就使得人们能够取得更大的成就,生活也更舒适了.
2. Please amplify a radio signal.请放大无线电信号.
3. The republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly enhance his national
reputation.这位诗人最新作品的再版毋庸置疑地会提高他在国内的声望.
4. People often use a loudspeaker to magnify the voice.人们常用扩音器来放大声音.
5. We must enlarge our views by reading.我们必须以读书来增长见识.
boss is going to expand retail operations.老板正打算扩大零售业务.
asked someone to enlarge the kitchen.妈妈找人来扩大了厨房.


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒃
an noy,furious,indignant,irritate,provoke都含有一定的恼怒之意
annoy 指有余被迫忍受某种不愉快甚至讨厌的事情而失去耐心或沉着(be annoyed atby sth. be
annoyed with sb. 对某人某事很生气)
furious 狂怒的(be furious with sb. be furious atabout sth对某人某事大发雷霆)
indignant 强调的是愤怒,愤慨,愤愤不平
irritate 指一再打扰某人,终于使其失去耐心而发怒.
provoke 激怒(人,动物),使生气(provoke sb. to do into doing...刺激某人做某事)


___ me that she just assumes we'll all fit in with her plans.
tes s es
manager was ___ by consumer's insolence.
ted ed ined ed
was ___ with Peter about his mistake.
ss ed s ed
___ Mary to anger so that Mary was divorced from Mike.
ted ed d ed
is ___ against Bob because he is not obedient.
ted d s ed
unfair trestment arouses popular ___.
tion nce ation int


__C__ me that she just assumes we'll all fit in with her plans.她想当然地认为我们都适合她
的计划,这使我非常恼怒.
tes s es
manager was __A__ by consumer's insolence.经理被消费者的蛮横态度弄得恼火.
ted ed ined ed
was __C__ with Peter about his mistake.父亲对彼得犯的错误大发雷霆.
ss ed s ed
__D__ Mary to anger so that Mary was divorced from Mike.麦克激怒了玛丽以至于玛丽

11

跟麦克离婚了.(provoke sb. to anger激怒某人;叫某人生气)
ted ed d ed
is __A__ against Bob because he is not obedient.妈妈对鲍伯的不听话很生气.(irritate
against sb.对某人生气)
ted d s ed
unfair trestment arouses popular __C__.这种不公待遇引起了公愤.
tion nce ation int


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒄
apparatus,appliance,equipment,facility,instrument 都含有一定的器具之意
apparatus 指一套仪器,一套器械,装置
appliance 通常指需要动力才能操作的家用电器和装置等
equipment 指设备,装备
facility (pl.)设备,设施只是工作生活便利的工具和环境
instrument 指精密的或科学的和艺术上使用的器具等


,housework has been made much easier by electrical ___.
ties nces ments tus
complete ___ of the new library will take another year.
tus ty ment ent
school offer us the ___ for study.
ties nces ments tus
hospital imported many surgical ___ from abroad.
ties nces ments tus
Browns are always very cold in winter because they have not a heating ___.
ties nces ments tus


,housework has been made much easier by electrical __B__.现在,家用电器使得家务活
轻松多了.
ties nces ments tus
complete __D___ of the new library will take another year.新图书馆的全套设备还要花一
年时间才能完成.
tus ty ment ent
school offer us the __A__ for study.学校为我们提供了便利学习的设施.
ties nces ments tus
hospital imported many surgical __C__ from abroad.医院从国外进口了许多外科器械.
ties nces ments tus
Browns are always very cold in winter because they have not a heating __D__.布朗一
家每到冬天就很冷,因为他们没有暖气设备.
ties nces ments tus


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒅
answer,reply,respond都含有一定的回答之意
answer 用的最广,几乎可指口头,书面乃至行动所表示的一切

12

reply 指较为正式或经过考虑的答复,除了后面接直接宾语或以that开始的句 子外,一般只用作不及物动
词,后面连用to,表示回答旁人的问题(话语,信件,祝贺,攻击等)
respond 一般指对紧急问题或请求作出答复,或用行动对所说或所做的事情做出反应


car ___ well to the controls.
ds ponds s ts
electrician went at once in ___ to the phone call.
d tion
___ nothing about this.
d
___ at your earliest convenience.
t d
illness quickly ___ to proper treatment.
d ed ted ded


car __A__ well to the controls.这辆汽车操纵灵敏.(respong to sth.对某事物反映灵敏,起反应,
回答,响应;corrspond to相当于,与...对应; reply to回信,对...做出反应)
ds ponds s ts
electrician went at once in __D__ to the phone call.电工一接到电话马上就去了.(in answer
to作为对...的回答,响应,反击等)
d tion
__B__ nothing about this.对此他没有回答.
d
__C__ at your earliest convenience.请尽早答复.
t d
illness quickly __D__ to proper treatment.疾病经适当治疗后很快好转.
d ed ted ded


◤词语大辨析◢-§⒆
apparent,clear,evident,obvious, visible都含有一定的明显之意
apparent 显然明白的,表面上的;常用来修饰容易看见或认识的事物
clear 普通用语,凡听清、看清或易于理解的东西都可以用
evident 指以事实为根据,加以推理就很明显,多用于抽象事物和推理,如事实、错误、成功等
obvious 指极为明显,一目了然,不用多说就能清楚的东西
visible 显著的,明显的,可看见的
以上词语,在某些时候可以互换,并无非常明显的界限.


ne present ran out for no ____ reason.
nt e
is (quite) ____ that he took the wrong path.
nt t
was nowhere in ____.
nce ce ity
is ____ that two and two make four.

13

nt t s e
talked to the customer with ____ impatience.
t e
is ____ (that) you have been cheated.
nt ful nt


ne present ran out for no __A__ reason.在场的每个人都莫名其妙地跑掉了.
nt e
is (quite) __B__ that he took the wrong path.很显然,他走错了道.(本题选用obvious也是可
以的嘛! It is (quite) evident that...很显然...)
nt t
was nowhere in __B__ .到处都看不到汤姆.(in evidence 明显的,显眼的,显而易见的,可看见
的)
nce ce ity
is __C__ that two and two make four.二加二等于四,那是明明白白的.(It is bovious that...)
nt t s e
talked to the customer with __D__ impat ience.他和顾客谈话时显然不耐烦的样子.(本题选用
apparent或obvious也没什 么不可以.但evident和clear就有点勉强了.)
t e
is __A__ (that) you have been cheated.明白得很,你已受骗了.(It is clear that...)
nt ful nt


◤词语大辨析◢-§(20)
关于people的四个词,可能大家很早就听说过了吧,但 我不知道是否都弄清楚了,所以在这里再提一下.
a people,peoples,people,the people有何区别?你分清了嘛?
a people 指一个国家或地区的民族、人民
peoples 为a people的复数形式,指许多国家或地区的不同的民族、人民
people 泛指人们是集合名词,不能指一人.以单数形式表示复数意义,谓语动词要用复数
the people 指人民可指某个国家的人民,也可指全世界的人民.它表示复数概念.若the people作为
主语,它的谓语动词要用复数形式.


Chinese are a hard-working ____.
B.a people people s
2.____ will laugh at you.
B.A people people s
3.____ are the makers of history.
B.A people people s
hundred ____ have attended the open air concert.
B.a people people s
5.____ of the two countries are determined to unite still more closely.
B.A people people Peoples
6.____ who were waiting at the entrance have now gone inside.
B.A people people s



14

Chinese are a hard-working __A__.中国是个勤劳的民族.(a (adj.) people)
B.a people people s
2.__A__ will laugh at you.人们会嘲笑你的.
B.A people people s
3.__C__ are the makers of history.人民是历史的创造者.
B.A people people s
hundred __A__ have attended the open air concert.五百人参与了露天音乐会.
B.a people people s
5.__D__ of the two countries are determined to unite still more closely.两国人民决心团结得更
加紧密.
B.A people people peoples
6.__C__ who were waiting at the entrance have now gone inside.刚才等在入口处的人们现在都
进去了.
B.A people people s


◣词语大辨析◢-§(21)争论,争吵
argue,debate,discuss,dispute,quarrel都含有一定的争论之意
argue 指一方坚持自己的意见,立场和观点,通过争论企图说服对方(argue with sb. aboutover sth.)
debate 多指公开,正式场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论,双方各自陈述理由,交锋往返的意味较强
discuss 指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论,磋商
dispute 指持续,激烈的争论,语气较强,有”相持不下,未得解决”的意思(in dispute在争论中)
quarrel 争吵,争论,含与人发生口角的意思


1.I ____ with my flat-mate about who should do the housework.
sed d led
we are ____ about is not survival but the quality of life.
ing ng sing ng
are ____over foreign policy.
ing sing g ng
hold a fierce ____ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship
which was broken years ago.
eement t
he said just now had little to do with the question under ____.
sion ion ent
case was fully ____ before agreement was reached.
led d ted


1.I __D__ with my flat-mate about who should do the housework.我和我同住一个单元的人关于
谁应做家务吵了一架.(quarrel with sb. about sth.与某人发生口角)
sed d led
we are __A__ about is not survival but the quality of life.我们所争论的不是生存问题而
是生活质量问题.
ing ng sing ng
are __C__ over foreign policy.他们正就外交政策进行辩论. (argue with sb. aboutover

15

sth.)
ing sing g ng
hold a fierce __A__ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship
which was broken years ago.他们就公司是否应当恢复几年前中断了的贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争
论.
eement t
he said just now had little to do with the question under __B__.他刚才所见讲的与讨论
的问题关系不大.(under discussion在讨论中)
sion ion ent
case was fully __B__ before agreement was reached.这案件在达成一致意见前进行了充分
争论.
led d ted


◤词语大辨析◥-§22.
arise,arouse,raise,rise四个形近词,你分清了吗?
arise vi. 突然出现;起床
arouse vt.引起,唤醒,激起
raise vt.举起,提高,较多地被用于具体的场合,如举手,举杯,升旗等;有时也用于提高工资,提高工作效率等
rise vi.上升,升高,上涨等,大多用于抽象或比喻的场合,如太阳,蒸汽,产量的上升,有时 也用于具体场合,如
人的起立,河水的上涨等


wind is ____.
g ng g
wages have been ____ recently.
d
3.A new problem has ____.
d
____ her mothering instincts.
d
____ at 6:30 a.m. as usual.
d
river ____ by two feet after the heavy rains.
d


wind is __A__.起风了.
g ng g
wages have been __B__ recently.最近我们的工资提高了.
d
3.A new problem has __D__.出现了一个新问题.
d
__C__ her mothering instincts.他激起了她的母爱本能.
d
__D__ at 6:30 a.m. as usual.他像平常一样早晨6点半起床.
d

16

river __A__ by two feet after the heavy rains.暴雨使河水水位升高两英尺.
d


◤ 词语大辨析◥―§(23)
some time,some times,sometime,sometimes,some day,the other day
some time n. 相当长的一段时间adv. 某个时候,某一天
some times adv. 数次
sometime adv. 某个时候,某一天可指过去,也可指将来),可用some time代替
sometimes adv.有时,间或
some day 有朝一日,有一天只指将来的一天),常与表示将来的时态连用,也可写成someday
the other day 那一天,前几天只指过去的某一天),仅用于过去时态中


1.____ I'm going to make a journey round the world.
other day times mes day
____ have letters from her.
time times me mes
3.I saw her ____ in July.
day me times mes
4.____ ,as I was walking up to town,I saw a strange man.
day me other day time
stayed in Belgium for ____.
time me times mes
6.I met your elder sister in the museum ____.
y mes times time


1.__D__ I'm going to make a journey round the world.有朝一日我要环游世界.
other day(只用于过去时) times mes day(用于将来时)
__D__ have letters from her.我们有时收到她的来信.
time times me mes
3.I saw her __B__ in July.我在七月的某一天见到过她.
day(用于将来时) me(也可用sometime) times mes
4.__C__,as I was walking up to town,I saw a strange man.在我走去镇上的那一天,我看见一个奇
怪的人.
day(用于将来时) me(概念较模糊,不清楚哪天) other day(用于过去时,特指
那一天) time
stayed in Belgium for __A__.马克思在比利时待了一段时间.
time me times mes
6.I met your elder sister in the museum __C__.我好几次在博物馆碰见你姐姐.
y mes times time


◣词语大辨析◥--§(24) 假的
artificial,fake,false都含有一定假的之意.
artificial 人造的,假的,矫揉造作的,不自然的 artificial lake人工湖; artificial smile做作的微笑
假笑; an artificial earth satellite人造地球卫星

17

fake adj.假的,伪造的,冒充的 n.假货,赝品(the antique is a fake那古董是件赝品)
false 假的,不真实的,带有欺骗性的假象 goods假冒商品


were some ___ flowers on the table.
cial ral
criminals were ptinting ____ dollar bills until they were arrested.
ious
e shouted

was too nervous to make an ____ manner.
cial
plus three is or ___?
cial
friends played him ___.
cial


were some __A__ flowers on the table.桌上放着一些假花.
cial ral
criminals were ptinting __B__ dollar bills until they were arrested.有些罪犯在被逮捕前
一直印假美钞.
(体面的) (专利的) ious(可疑的)
e shouted B__ alarm and there was no danger.有人喊失火了
可那只是一场虚惊并无危险.(false alarm 虚假的警报)

was too nervous to make an __D__ manner.她太紧张了,做出了不自然的举止.
cial
plus three is or __C__?三加三等于七.对还是错?
cial
friends played him __C__.他的朋友欺骗了他.(play sb. false 对某人不忠实,欺骗某人)
cial


◣词语大辨析◢-§25. 归因于...
ascribe,attribute,contribute,owe
ascribe 和 attribute 差别不大,都可以解释为中性)把...归因于,(褒义)把...归功于,(贬义)把. ..归咎
于也可以解释为把...归属于,认为...归属于...基本可以互换
contribute (to)有助于,促成...
owe (to)把...归功于(褒义)


l research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes ____ to the increase of
cancers.
e ute bute
sor Li ____ his success to his mother.

____ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.

18

t ute
discover of America is usually ____ to Columbus.
ed ed buted
should not ____ one's error to objective conditions.
bute e
6.I ___ it to you that I finished my work in time.
bute
exchange of goodwill missions greatly ____ to a better understanding between the two
countries.
e ute bute
poem is ____ to Homer.
ed buted


l research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes __C__ to the increase of
cancers.医学研究表明人们普遍吸烟导致癌症患者人数增加.
e ute bute
sor Li __C__ his success to his mother.李教授把他的成功归功于他母亲.
(破坏) cribeattribute (吼叫)
__B__ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.我们把爱迪生的成就归因于他的
聪明才智和辛勤工作.
t to 服从 uteascribe to 由于 to 参阅,涉及
discover of America is usually __A__ to Columbus.美洲大陆的发现通常被归功于哥伦布.
edattributedowed ed buted
should not __D__ one's error to objective conditions.一个人不应把自己的错误归咎于客观
条件.
to 运用,申请 bute eattribute
6.I __A__ it to you that I finished my work in time.亏得有你帮忙,我才及时完成了工作.
...to... 把...归功于... bute
exchange of goodwill missions greatly __C__ to a better understanding between the
two countries.互派友好代表团大大促进了两国之间的相互了解.
e ute bute
poem is __B__ to Homer.这首诗被认定为荷马所作.
ed...to...(认为...归属于...) buted (没有被动语态)


◣词语大辨析◢-§26. 聚集,收集...
assemble,accumulate,collect,gather
assemble vt.收集,调集 (le forces调集兵力;assemble evidence收集证据) vi.聚集(人
或事为某种共同目的聚集在一起,为特定计划而统一行动等)
accumulate 指知识财富的累积,积聚
collect vi.聚集,在集中以某一点或组成一组的意义上可与gather互换; vt.收集,仔细地有选择的收集
(集邮,搜集银币等都是一种有选择的收集)
gather vt.指把分布广泛零散的东西聚集在一起或人们走到一起汇集成一群



19

sometimes ____ one particular type of object,for example stamps or coins,as a
hobby.
le t late
kindergartener ____ the children round her.
led ted ed lated
ody ____ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.
late led
you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on____ .
lating tant lation odation
5.I went to several libraries to ____ information about the scheme.
le late


sometimes __C__ one particular type of object,for example stamps or coins,as a
hobby..人们有时收集一些特殊的物品,如邮票或硬币,作为一种业余爱好.
le t late
kindergartener __C__ the children round her..幼儿园阿姨把孩子们聚集在她周围.
led ted ed lated
ody __B__ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.大家都聚集在大厅,
在那里受到书记的接见.
late led(vi.) 堆积 (接连)
you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on__A__ .
如果你不定时整理桌上的文件,那它们只能堆得越来越多.(sort out整理
lating(keep on doing...) tant lation odation
5.I went to several libraries to __D__ information about the scheme.我去了几家图书馆搜集了
有关这个计划的信息.
le late 指把分布广泛分散的东西聚集在一起


◣词语大辨析◢-§(27)估计...
assess,estimate,evaluate,value,都含有一定的估计之意
评估assess 指对财产,收入,损失等做出评估(make an assessment)
估计estimate 对某物的性质,数量最大概的推断,指无法清算或数清时做出估计
估价
value→evaluate 指对物的价值给与评定


ations are not the only means of ____ someone's ability.
ting ing g ying
____ that the hall would hold one thousand people.
ted ated g ted
3.I ____ the house at $$200,000.
ate te te
he started work,I asked the builder to give me an ____ of the cost of repairing the
roof.
te ment cement tion




20

◣词语大辨析◢-§(28)

assure,ensure,guarantee ,insure,warrant都含有一定的保证之意
保证assure 表示向某人保证某事一定会发生(内含有让某人放心之意) assure
sb. of sth assure sb. that...
确保ensure 确定,保证确保某种行为一定会发生 ensure sth. ensure
that...
担保guarantee 对某事物的品质或人的行为提出担保对事物、商品等无质量,
性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证
insure 保险...纯粹经济意义)
warrant 担保,保证

director gave me his ____ that he would double my pay if I did my
job well.
t nly tion nce
patient has been ____ of the safety of the operation.
d teed d d
must ____ that the telegram arrives in time.

'd like to ____ our customers of the best possible service.
tee
has ____ his house against fire.
d d d teed
camera we sell comes with a two-year ____.
tee ation vation
manufacturers ____ that all the washing machines they supply are
properly tested.
y ce t st
watch is ____ for one year.
d d teed d
9.I ____ (you).
tee t
ability will ____ success tofor him.
tee

director gave me his __D__ that he would double my pay if I did
my job well.上司向我保证,只要我工作出色,他将加倍付给我工资.
t nly tion nce

21

patient has been __A__ of the safety of the operation.病人已确信
手术是安全的.(sb. be assured of sth.)
d teed d d
must __C__ that the telegram arrives in time.我们必须保证这份电报
及时到达.(ensure that...)
(secure sth. fromagainst 使...安全,可靠

'd like to __A__ our customers of the best possible service.我们愿
向我们的顾客保证尽可能提供最好的服务.
tee
has __B__ his house against 为他的房屋保了火险.
d d d teed
camera we sell comes with a two-year __A__. 我们出售的照相机,
每台都有一张为期两年的保修单.
tee ation(证实) vation(保存,保护)
manufacturers __C__ that all the washing machines they supply are
properly tested.生产商保证他们提供的所有洗衣机都经过了检验.
y ce t st
watch is __C__ for one year.我的表保用一年.
d d teed d
9.I __C__ (you).我敢保证.我向你保证.
tee t
ability will __B__ success tofor him.他的能力会保证他成
功.(ensure sth.)
tee

◣词语大辨析◢-§(29)

arouse,awake,evoke,wake,waken都含有一定的唤醒,唤起之意
arouse
vt.
引起,唤起,激起;唤醒=awaken
awake
adj
.[用作表语]醒着的
vt.
唤醒,觉醒
vi.
醒,觉醒,意识到
evoke
vt.
唤起,引起,使人想到
wake
vi.
醒来
vt.
唤醒,唤起,激起,使认识到 wake (up) to 认识到,意识到
waken
vi.
醒来,睡醒(up);觉醒,振奋
vt.
唤醒,弄醒;使觉醒;使振奋,激发;激起

1.I wish I could ____ some interest in English grammar in my students.
up
people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,the question
___ a variety of answer.
es ies
must ____ the fact that you have failed in business.
awake to
the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees,and
it can be difficult to ____ him in the morning if his body hasn't become
hot yet.

22

____ to find himself in the hospital.

time do you usually ____ (up)?


1.I wish I could __C__ some interest in English grammar in my students.
要是我能够激发起学生学习英语语法的兴趣该多好.(在表示激发,引起之意讲时,多用awaken,有时也可用awake,awake sb.'s interest激发某人的兴趣)
up
people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,the
question__A__ a variety of answer.当问及人们需要什么样的住房时,得到的
答案有各种各样.
(引起) es(调停) (蔑视) ies(放大)
must __C__ the fact that you have failed in business.你必须清楚
你的事业已经失败了.
awake to (觉悟,领悟,认识到)
the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees,and
it can be difficult to __B__ him in the morning if his body hasn't become
hot yet.夜间人的体温会降低一至二度,如果早晨温度还不升高的话,就很难叫
醒他.

__D__ to find himself in the hospital.他醒来发现自己在医院里.
(
vi
.)
time do you usually __D__ (up)?你平时在什么时候醒来?(wake up
醒醒,醒来


◣词语大辨析◢-§(30)

amaze,astonish,surprise都含有一定的惊讶之意
amaze 使吃惊,程度比surprise强(=surprise very much),一般指好事.(be
amazed at do sth.)
astonish 使惊愕,指使人大吃一惊(=surprise greatly),含有几乎使人无法相
信之意,是个语气较强的词(sb. be astonished at(by) do
...被(因)...惊吓
surprise 使惊异,指由于突然的事情使人产生惊奇,有出乎意料的含义.普通用
词,语气最弱. (sb. be surprised atby ...to do sth.;feel
surprised at ...对...感到惊讶吃惊地,在震惊中
三个词在用法上基本相同,可互换,只是语气上有所差别.
1.I am ____ by what you tell me.
ed
____ her most was hearing her name mentioned on TV.
shed sed d
____,the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to

23

culture.
sly ularly singly ly
the ____ of everybody,he won the prize.
se shment ent g
5.I was ____ to find him there.
ous ed
____ us by announcing that he was going to get married in a few day.
shed d y
1.I am __D__ by what you tell me.我听了你所说的话觉得惊愕.
ed
__A__ her most was hearing her name mentioned on TV.她最大吃一
惊的是在电视中听到了自己的名字.
shed sed d
__C__,the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to
culture.起名字的方法因文化不同而有很大差异是不足为奇的.
sly ularly singly ly
the __A__ of everybody,he won the prize.使大家惊奇的是,他竟得了
奖.(to one's surpriseto the surprise of sb.'s使某人惊奇的是
se shment ent g
5.I was __B__ to find him there.我发现他在那儿,吃了一惊.
ous ed
__B__ us by announcing that he was going to get married in a few day.
对于他宣布他即将结婚的消息,我们大吃一惊.
shed d y
◣词语大辨析◢-§(31)



award,reward都含有一定的奖励之意
award 指正式或官方颁发,授予award sb. sth.=award sth. to sb.
reward 给予报酬,指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬,奖赏某人(in
reward for”作为对„回报”;reward sb. for “因„而报答某人”)
above all,after all,first of all形式相似,意义不同
above all “尤其是,最重要的是”,强调特别对待,类似于especially,more
than anything else.
after all “毕竟,到底”,表示一种让步口气,与in spite of everything,in
the end 相似
first of all “首先”,表示一种次序,与before anything else类似

Luther King,great Black leader in the movement against racial
discrimination,was ____ the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding
contribution to world peace.
d d d

24

____ the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.
ed d d
3.____ you should be honest.
all all of all all
't get discouraged by setbacks,we are new to the work____.
all all all D.
en need many things,but ____ they need love.
all all all all
6.I ____ stumbled.
in but over all

1. Luther King,great Black leader in the movement against racial
discrimination,was __C__ the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding
contribution to world peace. 反对种族歧视运动的杰出黑人领袖Martin
Luther King,因其对世界和平的突出贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖.
d d d
__A__ the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.他们送给获胜
者水果和鲜花最为奖赏.(reward sb. with “用„酬劳某人”)
ed d d
3.__C__ you should be honest.首先你必须诚实.
all all of all all (at all”丝毫,根本”)
’t get discouraged by setbacks,we are new to the work__A__.别因
挫折而灰心,这工作对我们来说毕竟还是新的.
all all all (in all “总共”) D.
en need many things,but __B__ they need love.孩子门需要很多东
西,最重要的是爱.
all all all (for all “尽管,虽然”) all (and
all “以及其他一切,等等”)
6.I __B__ stumbled.我差点儿摔跤.
in (all in “精疲力竭的,疲乏到极点”) but (all but “差点
儿,几乎”) over (all over “浑身到处,全部结束”) all

◣词语大辨析◢-§(32)

bank,beach,coast,seaside,shore都含有一定的海)岸,边之意
bank 河岸,堤岸指河流两旁高出水面的地方
beach 海(湖,河)滩,水滨指受潮水冲刷而形成的有细沙或卵石覆盖的平缓的
斜坡
coast 海 岸,海岸线是地理上的专用名词,指海洋与陆地的分界线,有清晰的
边界概念.它不能用来指河岸或湖岸 .
seaside 海滨尤指假日度假胜地

25

shorel 岸,滨含义广泛,可指围绕海洋、河流及湖泊旁边的陆地,含有与水相
对的意味(in shore近岸在岸上,在陆上离岸

ai lies on the east ____ of China.
e
saw a boat about a mile from the ____.
e
English people like to go to the ____ for their holidays and lying
on the ____ in the sun.
e
old man used to sit on the river____ to fish.
e
children are playing with sand along the ____.

ship stopped a little way off the ____.


ai lies on the east __C__ of China. 上海位于中国东海岸.
e
saw a boat about a mile from the __A__.他们在离海岸大约一英里处
看到一条小船.
e
English people like to go to the __C__ for their holidays and lying
on the __D__ in the sun.许多英国人喜欢去海滨度假,并躺在海滩上晒太阳.
e
old man used to sit on the river__A__ to fish.那位老人过去常常坐
在河岸上钓鱼.
e
children are playing with sand along the __B__.孩子们在海滩上玩
沙.

ship stopped a little way off the __B__.船停在离岸不远处.


◣词语大辨析◢-§(33)

ban,forbid,prohibit都含有一定的禁止之意
ban
.
禁止,禁令prohibition),指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止,
含谴责或不赞成的态度,通 常搭配形式:ban ...from sth.
forbid
vt.
禁止,不许普通用语,比prohibit通俗,用于较小事物,或个人、上

26

级、官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定,或客观条件不允许,通常搭配形 式:forbid
sb. to do sth.
prohibit
vt.
禁止,不准by authority),指通过法律、法令、警告等
作出禁止 命令的正式规定或规则,通常搭配形式:prohibit sb. from sthdoing
sth.

is obviously quite embarrassed about it because he ____ me to tell
anyone.
e ted ited
parents ____ him from playing video games.
it
international treaty ____ trade in plants and animals of endangered
species.
es tates its zed
ng in this pool is ___.
d d
rain ____us to go out.
s its
s ____ their students to smoke and drink.
e it

is obviously quite embarrassed about it because he __B__ me to tell
anyone.很显然他对此事很难为情,因为他禁止我告诉别人.
e ted ited
parents __B__ him from playing video games.他父母禁止他打电子游
戏.
it (造反)
international treaty __C__ trade in plants and animals of endangered
species.国际公约禁止有关濒危动植物的贸易.
es tates its zed(使麻痹)
ng in this pool is__A__. 禁止在本池内游泳.
d d
rain __B__us to go out.下雨阻止了我们出去.
s its
s __D__ their students to smoke and drink.学校禁止学生抽烟和饮
酒.
e it


27

◣词语大辨析◢-§(34)

bare，blank，empty，hollow，margin，vacant 都含有一定的空白之意
bare
a.
光秃秃的,无遮蔽的,通常指局部的裸
blank
a.
空白的，指表面无字迹，没有写字、印刷、或做记号的空白处
empty
a.
(房间等)空的，没有物的，指描绘之物的内部本应有的东西这时 却没
有，或者可容人或物的地方或容器这时未容纳(房间里无家里设备或没有人)
hollow
a.
空的，空心的，空虚的，指所描绘之物的中心是空的，也可指空虚的
margin
n.
页边空白，多指纸张的页边，边缘的空白
vacant
a.
空的，(房间等)未被占用的，空着的，指暂时没有人居住或占据而空
闲着的

gh they plant trees in this area every year，the tops of some hills
are still ____.

is a ____ space at the bottom of the form for you to sign your
name in.

scientists believe that the black hole is ____,and would draw
everything,even light,toward its center.

everyone would like to find an apartment near the university,there
are very few ____ apartments in the area.
ed
5.I believe that the best way to take notes is in the ____ of the book
instead of on the notebook.
s ries

gh they plant trees in this area every year，the tops of some hills
are still __D__. 尽管他们每年都在这个地区植树,可是有些山头仍是光秃秃的.

is a __C__ space at the bottom of the form for you to sign your
name in. 在这表格的下方有一个空白处供你签名.

scientists believe that the black hole is __B__,and would draw
everything,even light,toward its center. 太空科学家认为,这个黑洞是空的,
它会把一切东西,甚至光吸入它的中心.

everyone would like to find an apartment near the university,there
are very few __A__ apartments in the area. 由于每个人都想在大学附近找
到一间公寓,所以那个地区几乎没有空房.
ed

28

5.I believe that the best way to take notes is in the __D__ of the book
instead of on the notebook. 我认为记笔记的最好方法是记在页边的空白处,
而不是记在笔记本上.
s ries

◣词语大辨析◢-§(35)

bear，endure，stand，tolerate都含有一定的忍耐、忍受之意
在表 示忍受pain，suffering，hardship等时，在许多情况下这四个词可以互换
使用； 通常与can或cannot连用
bear 强调忍受者很痛苦，对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力（常用于否定
句中）
endure (=bear bravely)指经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服，强调持久力
和意志坚强（常用于否定句中）
stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起（常用于否定句中）
tolerate指忍受某人或某 种行为而不反抗，语气最弱（即可用于肯定句也可用
于否定句）

seems that these ants can ____temperatures which would kill other
species.
te
old people don't like pop songs because they can't ____ so much
noise.
n te o
cloth will not ____ washing.
in for te
4.I can't ____ him. I can't ____ to wait any longer.
,stand ,bear te,bear ,endure
will not ____ interference in our home affairs.
with te

seems that these ants can __D__temperatures which would kill other
species. 看来这些蚂蚁能够忍受可能会置其他物种于死地的温度.
te
old people don't like pop songs because they can't __C__ so much
noise. 老年人不喜欢流行歌曲,因为他们不能忍受太大的吵闹声.
n te o
cloth will not __B__ washing. 这块布不耐洗.
in for te
4.I can't __A__ him. I can't ____ to wait any longer. 我不能容忍他.我

29

再也等待不下去了.
,stand ,bear te,bear ,endure
will not __D__ interference in our home affairs. 我们决不能容忍干
涉我们的内政.
help最不正式,特指靠本身力量无法解决的,迫切需要的帮助;
Building more motorways and bypasses will help the environment by reducing pollution and traffic jams in towns and cities...
建造更多的高速公路和绕城道路能够减少城镇中的污染和交通堵塞，有利于改善环境。
aid正式些;
They have already pledged billions of dollars in aid.
他们已经许诺援助几十亿美元。
assistance最正式,来自assist,只表示起到辅助作用.
Any assistance you could give the police will be greatly appreciated...
您提供的任何帮助警方都将万分感谢。
translation指笔译或翻译的泛称
He read Eugene O'Neill's plays in translation.
他读了经过翻译的尤金.奥尼尔的剧作。
interpretation一般指口译或解读
His arrival can be given more than one interpretation.
对他的到来可作出不止一种解释。
这些词都表示方法,method尤指有次序的,有计划的方法,较正式.
He invented a new method to make bread.
他发明了做面包的新方法。
New methods of production were employed a few years ago.
新的生产方法几年前曾使用过。
manner强调的是行动或步骤的具个性和独特性的方法.
She has a precise, clearly articulated manner of speaking.
她说话用词精确,表达清楚.
mode通常指由传统或习俗影响或引起的行事方法.
His mode of doing business is offensive to me.
他干事情的方式叫我很不喜欢。
way最为普通,口语化.
lawful指一定的控制
0

30

legal adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法的
解析:【同】lawful, legitimate, legislation
【辨析】
lawful指一定的控制,强制行为具有法律依据.如;lawful arrest依法逮捕;
He recognized John as his lawful heir.
他确认约翰为他的合法继承人。
Marriage by a priest is lawful in England without another ceremony.
在英国,由牧师证婚的婚姻即使没有别的仪式也是合法的。
legal意思同lawful,但通常用于法令,较正式;
Is it legal for boys of that age to drink alcohol?
这个年龄的男孩喝酒合法吗?
legitimate表示法律承认习惯已认可的.如legitimate son 婚生子illegitimate;
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.
生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
legislation n.立法,法律的制定(或通过),参照分类词典里的词汇.
They began to draft legislation.
他们开始起草法规。
error n.错误, 过失, 误差解析:be in error弄错了stand in error弄错了by error
错误地fall into an error误
0
error n.错误, 过失, 误差
解析:be in error弄错了
stand in error弄错了
by error错误地
fall into an error误入歧途, 犯错误
in error弄错了的 错误地
lead sb. into error使犯错误
make an error出差错, 犯错误
commit an error出差错, 犯错误
【同】 mistake
【辨析】 error 强调“违反某一既定标准, 不经心而做了错事, 产生偏差,疏忽或行动上的错误”, 如:an error in judgement判
断上的错误.
An unexpectedly damaging error.
意外发生的能带来损失的错误。
mistake 指“由于粗心,不注意或在理解,认识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误, 有时这种错误是无意的”, 如:

I take you as Li Xiaolai.
I used your pen by mistake.我错拿了你的钢笔.

31

He made a stupendous mistake. 他犯了一个极大的错误。
choose 强调聪明的挑选,乃是基于某种理由;
We choose her a nice birthday present.
我们给她挑选了一件精致的生日礼物。
We choose an expensive toy for the boy.
我们给孩子买了一件昂贵的玩具。
select 则表示从几个东西中进行挑选,经过权衡之后进行的选择;
They selected a diamond engagement ring.
他们挑选了一枚钻石订婚戒指。
Which place in the world would you select as your perfect home?
你选择世界上的什么地方作为你最理想的安家之地呢?
pick通常按个人的喜恶进行挑选,主观性强;
It took her two hours to pick a dress that suited her.
她花了两个小时才挑选了一件合适的衣服。
Dade picked a dress in fashion for his girlfriend.
达德给他的女朋友挑了一件时髦的裙子。
elect 表示选举.
Then the congress elected its presidium.
然后代表大会选出主席团。
We elected him (to be) monitor.
我们选他当班长。
adequate表示符合一个客观标准,兼有适当的意思;

she had adequate training; her training was adequate; she was adequate to the job.
她受了足够的训练；她的训练是足够的；她能胜任这个工作。

enough和su fficient偏重数量的足够,enough能放在名词后面,sufficient不能.
We have gained sufficient experience to tackle this problem.
我们已经有了足够的经验来处理这个问题。
His income is sufficient for his needs.
他的收入能满足他的需要。
There is enough food [food enough] for everybody
有足够的食物供大家吃。
conflict 既可指敌对双方的斗争,也可指内部的某些矛盾.如:

internal conflict内部矛盾

32

It is not surprising that such a view has led to very considerable conflict.
这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。
Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws?
英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗?
contest 既指友谊性的竞赛,也指为争夺某物的带敌意的争斗.如:
an archery contest 射箭比赛
He's contesting the election next week.
他在争取下周当选。
combat 多指格斗.如:

armed for combat准备格斗
The police are now using computers to help combat crime.
警方现在使用电脑打击犯罪活动。
fight常指个人或象征性的冲突,也可指与逆境的抗争.如:

the fight against fate 与命运抗争
Jim was able to hold back his anger and avoid a fight.
吉姆总算抑制住了愤怒, 从而避免了一场殴斗。
quotation n.引用语, 价格, 报价单, 行情表
解析:Which book do these quotations come from? 这些引文出自那本书?
a quotation for building the bridge 建桥估价单
【同】 citation, reference
【辨析】
quotation指不改动原文照搬引用;
We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare.
我们把这句引用语归于莎士比亚。
citation指引用某人先前的说法,与原文可以有出入;
Exploration of PageRank-based citation analysis method
基于PageRank的引文分析方法探讨
reference指参考,一般不照抄.
Just take the advices as reference.
把这些意见都当作一种参考。
conception指理性的概括活动;
He's got a pretty strange conception of friendship.
他对友谊有一种非常独特的见解。
idea在正式的学术用语中表示观念,思想;

33

In ideas those two political parties are worlds apart.
那两个政党在思想上有巨大分歧。
除此外,与notion都可泛指念头,想法;
have a good notion of很懂得
have no notion of不明白
I have no notion of resigning.
我没有辞职的意思。
He has no notion of what I mean.
他不明白我的意思.
thought指思想活动,思想,具有一定的系统性.
After some thought he hit on a plan to route the enemy.
他经过一番思考, 想到了一个打垮敌人的办法。


specific n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的,效的; 【生物】种的
解析:【同】definite, explicit
【辨析】
definite是唯一能具有选择性的明确意见,不是a就是b;

She made no definite answer.
她没有作确定的回答。
explicit必须是语言的,强调所有细节的清楚;
The doctor gave me explicit instructions on when and how to take the medicine.
大夫详细地告诉我该何时服药以及如何服药。
specific指偏重于正确的描述而不做评价
.
The trouble with Bill was that he never had a specific aim in life.
比尔的问题是他从未有过明确的人生目标。
appropriate adj.适当的 vt.占用, 据为己有; 盗用, 挪用
解析:He appropriated public funds for his own private use.
他挪用公款.
A dirty face is not appropriate for the school photograph.
脸脏了不适合照学生像.
【同】fit, suitable, apt, proper
【辨析】appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合,地位等.强调自然具备适宜的性质;
Dress neatly and attractively in an outfit appropriate to the job...
着装要整洁美观，适合于这份工作。
fit意为某人或某物在目的上用途上适合;

34

This dress doesn't fit me.
这件衣服不适合我穿。
suitable意味着适合某种情况;
He was just not suitable for the job.
他就是不适合干这份工作。
apt含有能动意味;
It was an apt remark.
这话讲得得体。
proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义,还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质.
He wondered whether it would be proper to knock at her door.
他不知道敲她的门是否恰当。
================= ================================================== ===========================
=========
investigation n.调查研究
解析:bear investigation不怕追查
conduct an investigation in对…进行研究
carry on an investigation in对…进行研究
conduct an investigation into对…进行研究
carry on an investigation into对…进行研究
under investigation调查进行中
【同】 probe, research, inquest, examination, inquiry
investigation是正式或官方的调查,以弄清事实真相
The matter is the subject of a police investigation, and we have been advised not to
comment.
这件事警方正在调查，我们得悉不要加以评论。
probe用于新闻,指广泛而彻底的调查
The police probe into organized crime led to several arrests.
警方对有组织犯罪的调查使数人受到拘捕。
research 在学术上为了得到新的结果而从原始资料中进行调查指法律调查
Research has shown that women live longer than men.
调查表明女性比男性寿命长。
examination 详细观察某人而得到无误的材料
On further examination it was found that the signature was not genuine.
经过进一步的调查发现签名不是真的。


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inhibition抑制，阻止
Some drugs can cause the inhibition of normal bodily activity.
某些药物能抑制正常的身体功能。
prohibit指通过颁布法令来绝对禁止某事物;
Prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages.
禁止出售含酒精的饮料。
ban也是通过权威性的禁止来禁止,ban还带有一种社会谴责的意味;
The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations.
新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。
The union has imposed a ban on overtime.
工会制定了超时加班的禁令。
Forbid较弱 指绝对禁止,希望人们能遵守政府的意愿.
The new law forbids smoking in offices.
新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。
injure 表示对外貌,健康造成伤害;
She was badly injured in an accident. 她在一次事故中被重伤.
harm与 hurt主要指那些带来痛苦,悲伤,损失或损害的;
Gypsy moths harm foliage. 蛾对叶子有害.
My feelings are hurt. 我的感情受到了伤害.
damage一词通常指那种使价值降低,有用性和有效性减少的损害;
A falling tree damaged the roof. 一棵倒下的树损坏了屋顶.
The scandal seriously damaged the senator's reputation.
那丑闻严重害了参议员的名声.故此,damages在法律上指赔偿金
impair一词指的是减低,减损; 轻
The patient's intelligence has been impaired by a brain injury.
由于脑伤,病人的智力受损.
Spoil 毁了 是损坏和彻底摧毁价值,优点和力量,表示无可挽回的损坏,如spoiled child, indulged child;
Worrying about business spoiled our evening.
由于对生意的担心,我整个晚上都给毁掉了

work指任何有目的的工作,不管有无报酬;
I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。
employment指一种雇佣关系,与一定报酬相对应;

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A large office requires the employment of many people.
一个大办事处需要雇用好多人员。
Occupation职业 强调某人有规律的从事的工作,可能经过一定的训练;
He carried on several occupations at a time.
他同时从事几种职业。
business常指在商业方面的管理活动.
Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.
很多重要的大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。
subsidiary adj.辅助的, 补充的 解析:subsidiary business副业

subsidiary troops雇佣军
wholly-owned subsidiary附属公司
【同】auxiliary, secondary
【辨析】

auxiliary指辅助性的支援或帮助,与受助者的性质相同,如军事上的援助;
I work in an auxiliary unit.
我在一家附属单位工作。
secondary表示一个从属性的附加因素,或者暗示这因素属于次要地位;
It's a question of secondary importance.
这是个次要的问题。
All other considerations are secondary to his safety.
现在首先要考虑的是他的安全, 其他事均是次要的。
subsidiary指与主要事物并存的属于附属地位的事物,如分店等.
This question is subsidiary to the previous one.
这个问题是辅助上一个问题的。
income常指定期的收入;


Is income distribution an issue?
收入分配重要吗？
He rely on the meager income.
他靠微薄的收入生活。 < br>salary指脑力劳动者的收入,因其来源于salt,古罗马支付文官的方式之一（尤指按月发放的） ;
an enviable salary
令人羡慕的薪水

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Their qualifications entitle them to a higher salary.
他们的资格使他们可以得到较高的薪金。
wage指体力劳动者的工资;
The minimum wage is 4.25 dollars an hour.
最低工价为每小时四点二五美元。
His father worked under the capitalist for a wage.
他的父亲为挣一份工资，在资本家手下干活。
pay指军饷.
However, Afghan officials in Kabul say the pay of Afghan soldiers will remain a problem.
但阿富汗官员在喀布尔表示，阿富汗士兵的军饷仍将是个问题。
It was caused by colonial resentment at the contemporary attitude that commercial or industrial interests of any colony should
be subordinate to those of the mother country, and the unwillingness of the colonists to pay for a permanent army.
战争的 原因是基于对当时殖民者认为一切殖民地的商业和工业利益需服从于英国的态度的反对，也由于殖民地人民拒绝为 长期
的军队支付军饷。
normal的词根是norm,formal 的词根是form ,注意拼写.normal 强调对于已有标准的遵守和维持

normal body temperature正常体温;
(be) normal to垂直于..., 对 ... 成直角
off normal离位; 不正常
She braced herself to lead a normal life.
她振作起来去过正常生活。
Everything is normal here.
这里一切正常。
Regular 规律的 指不变地符合已定的规则,方针或统一的步骤:

her regular bedtime 她不变的作息时间;
natural形容固有,含有或符合某人内在特性或特点的事物:

a natural fear of nuclear war对核战争本能的恐惧;

typical强调符合那些表明一种,一组或一级的数量,特质或特点:
a typical American 典型的美国人;
a painting typical of the Impressionist school典型的印象主义派画法
remove可以表示将某物移到某处,不带感情色彩;移除
He removed the picture and put it in the drawer.
他把画取下来, 放到抽屉里。
Our office has removed.
我们的机关迁移了。

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dismiss常指上级打发或遣走下级;解雇 开除
The new governor dismissed the staff that served his predecessor.
新州长将前任州长的职员全部解雇。
He dismissed me from the club.
他把我开除出俱乐部
eliminate指例行公事的排除某物,也指有系统的摧毁某物.exclusive method 排除法
You must eliminate an unknown quantity.
你必须消去一个未知数。
The police have eliminated two suspects (from their enquiry).
警方（从调查中）已排除了两名受嫌疑的人.
Like radio buttons, list controls are powerful tools for simplifying interaction because they eliminate the possibility of making an
invalid selection.
和单选按钮一样，列表控件是简化交互功能的强大工具，因为它排除了做出错误选择的可能性。
She went through the typescript carefully to eliminate all errors from it.
她认真检查了打字稿,排除了所有的错误。
meeting最为一般,最不正式,可以是偶然的,也可以是安排好的;

He spoke at the meeting in a bright voice.
他在会上大声地发言。
conference比较正式,可指两人或多人聚会;

Nearly all the members attended the conference.
几乎全体成员都出席了这次会议。
I'll have a conference with the manager.
我要和经理商谈一下。
assembly是多人的有计划的集会;
The National Assembly has[have] discussed the crisis.
国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论。
congress常指立法机构,国家机关;
Congress has approved the new budget.
国会已批准了这项新的预算。
council可指多国参加的会议,也可指特定目标的非法定团体;
The matter was debated in the Security Council of the United Nations.
这个问题在联合国安全理事会辩论过。
congregation指某一宗教的会众,大写指以色列人.

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a church congregation guided by a pastor.
由一个牧师管理的教会。

choice 表示从一个系列的人或物中进行挑选;
He made a sane choice.
他做了一个明智的选择。
alternative强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间所作的选择:
An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. . . . Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I
will never see you again if you do (Jane Austen). “伊丽莎白,你面前摆着只有两种令人不快的选择.…如果你不 嫁给柯林斯先生,
你母亲会再也不愿见到你,而如果你要 嫁给他,我会再也不愿见到你”（简奥斯丁）.
option常常侧重于已经被权威等所授予的一种选择能力或自由:
The option lies between accepting the candidate the administration proposes and reconstituting the search committee.
可以在接受由领导提名的候选人以及重组选拔委员会之间作出选择.
preference指基于个人价值观,偏见或偏好上的选择,不一定很理性:
We were offered our preference of wines.
我们可以选择自己喜欢的葡萄酒.
selection含有可供选择的许多不同的人或物的意思;
election特别强调选择时使用判断力,也指选举:
The university recommends the election of courses in composition and literature.校方建议选择有关写作与文学的课程.
financial a.财政的 金融的 解析:【同】fiscal, monetary
financial 常表示大额交易.与fiscal的区别是:战略及战术的区别,宏观及微观的区别.
Many computer software corporations are experiencing financial reverses.
许多计算机公司经历过财政危机.
fiscal尤指一国的财政政策.
The Secretary of the Treasury is the chief fiscal officer of our government.
财政部长是我国的财政首脑.(treasury bond国库券)
monetary 常指铸币流通或货币政策.
The basic monetary unit of the United States is the dollar. 美国货币基本单位是美元.

distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫
解析:a distinction without a difference名义上的区别,人为的区别
confer a distinction on (upon) sb. 授与某人勋章(称号)
draw (make) a distinction between对…加以区别
gain (attain, win) distinction出名
graduate from college with distinction以优异成绩毕业
rise to distinction出名
serve with distinction in the war立下战功
win a distinction for因…而获功勋;荣获勋章(或称号)

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with distinction以优异的成绩;以杰出的表现
without distinction无差别地,一视同仁地
【同】difference, unlikeness, divergence, variation, distinction, discrepancy
【辨析】difference最为普通
differences in color and size 颜色和尺寸间的差别;
dissimilarity是指在其它方面很相似或非常类似的事物间的差异;
a striking dissimilarity between the personalities of the sisters
姐妹间个性的显著差异.
unlikeness usually implies greater and more obvious difference
unlikeness经常暗含着较大和较明显的差别;
more likeness than unlikeness among children of that age.
那个年龄的孩子们间的相似远多于差异.
divergence是指原本相似的事物间逐渐增加的差异;
points of divergence between British and American English英语和美语间的不同点
variation指相同等级或种类的差异,通常指原始的,指定的或典型的事物的变更;
variations in temperature 温度的变化
distinctio n通常的意思为相似的或相关的事物间的细节差异,只能通过仔细的检查才能确定的;
the distinction in meaning between Good and Excellent “好的”和“出色”两词的词义差别.
discrenpancy是指本应一致或匹配的事物,因意外条件而不一致,造成了事物间的差异.
a discrepancy between what was promised and what was done 所说的和所做的之间的差异
environmental adj.周围的, 环境的
解析:【衍】environment 环境
【同】surroundings, vicinity
environment 指人与自然界生存的环境,或是某种比喻的环境;
a growing consciousness of environmental issues among children
儿童对环境问题不断提高的意识
surroundings指围绕着某物的周遭环境,注意是复数;
She is adaptable to new surroundings.
她是一个能适应新环境的人。
vicinity指近处的范围,in the vicinity of.
from the vicinity of the Senegal river.
来自塞内加尔河附近地区。
factors n.因素,要素,因数
解析:【同】element, ingredient,

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【辨析】
factor具有数学及解析意味,是一个整体的成分;
Industry and modesty are the chief factors of his success.
勤奋和谦虚是他成功的主要因素。
element强调这一部分是基础性的,不可或缺的,如元素;
Cells are the elements of the human body.
细胞是人体的基本单位。
ingredient只是表明构成一种混合物的的成分.
What are the ingredients of the cake?
这蛋糕是用哪些原料做成的?


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