泰特勒的三个翻译原则
先进事迹材料怎么写-小年是什么意思
泰特勒翻译三原则
DESCRIPTION OF A
GOOD TRANSLATION—GENERAL RULES
FLOWING FROM
THAT
DESCRIPTION
The first general rule-
that the translation should give a complete
transcript of the ideas of the original work.
In order that a translator may be enabled to
give a complete transcript
of the ideas of the
original work, it is indispensably necessary, that
he
should have a perfect knowledge of the
language of the original, and a
competent
acquaintance with the subject of which it treats.
If he is
deficient in either of these
requisites, he can never be certain of
thoroughly comprehending the sense of his
author. Whether a translator
should give a
complete transcript of the ideas of the original
work or have
liberty to change the original
work, it becomes a question. this liberty
may
be used, but with the greatest caution. It must be
further observed,
that the super added idea
shall have the most necessary connection with
the original thought, and actually increase
its force.
And, on the other hand, that
whenever an idea is cut off by the
translator,
it must be only such as is an accessory, and not a
principal in
the clause or sentence. It must
likewise be confessedly redundant, so that
its
retrenchment shall not impair or weaken the
original thought.
The
second general rule -that the style and manner of
writing
should be of the same character with
that of the original.
Next in importance to a
faithful transfusion of the sense and meaning
of an author, is an assimilation of the style
and manner of writing in the
translation to
that of the requisite of a good translation,
though but secondary in importance, is more
difficult to be attained than
the former; for
the qualities requisite for justly discerning and
happily
imitating the various characters of
style and manner, are much more rare
than the
ability of simply understanding an author's sense.
A good
translator must be able to discover at
once the true character of his
author's style.
He must ascertain with precision to what class it
belongs;
whether to that of the grave, the
elevated, the easy, the lively, the florid
and
ornamented, or the simple and unaffected; and
these characteristic
qualities he must have
the capacity of rendering equally conspicuous in
the translation as in the original. If a
translator fails in this discernment,
and
wants this capacity, let him be ever so thoroughly
master of the sense
of his author, he will
present him through a distorting medium, or
exhibit
him often in a garb that is unsuitable
to his character.
The third general rule
--That the Translation should have all the ease
of original composition.
In order that the merit of the original
work may be so completely
translated as to
produce its full effect, it is necessary, not only
the
translation should contain a perfect
transcript of the sentiments of the
original,
and present likewise a resemblance of its style
and manner, but,
that the translation should
have all the ease of original composition.
When we consider those restraints within which
a translator finds himself
necessarily
confined, with regard to the sentiments and manner
of his
original, it will soon appear that this
last requisite includes the most
difficult
part of his task. To one who walks in trammels, it
is not easy to
exhibit an air of grace and
freedom.
If the original is easy and
graceful, the copy will have the same
qualities, in proportion as the imitation is
just and perfect. The translator's
task is
very different; he uses not the same colours with
the original, but
is required to give his
picture, the same force and effect. He is not
allowed to copy the touches of the original,
yet is required by touches of
his own, to
produce a perfect resemblance. The more he studies
a
scrupulous imitation, the less his copy will
reflect the ease and spirit of
the original.
How then shall a translator accomplish this
difficult union of
ease with fidelity ? To use
a bold expression, he must adopt the very soul
of his author, which must speak through his
own organs.
泰特勒翻译三原则
DESCRIPTION OF A GOOD TRANSLATION—GENERAL
RULES
FLOWING FROM THAT
DESCRIPTION
The first general rule-that the translation
should give a complete
transcript of the ideas
of the original work.
In order that a
translator may be enabled to give a complete
transcript
of the ideas of the original work,
it is indispensably necessary, that he
should
have a perfect knowledge of the language of the
original, and a
competent acquaintance with
the subject of which it treats. If he is
deficient in either of these requisites, he
can never be certain of
thoroughly
comprehending the sense of his author. Whether a
translator
should give a complete transcript
of the ideas of the original work or have
liberty to change the original work, it
becomes a question. this liberty
may be used,
but with the greatest caution. It must be further
observed,
that the super added idea shall have
the most necessary connection with
the
original thought, and actually increase its force.
And, on the other hand, that whenever an idea
is cut off by the
translator, it must be only
such as is an accessory, and not a principal in
the clause or sentence. It must likewise be
confessedly redundant, so that
its
retrenchment shall not impair or weaken the
original thought.
The
second general rule -that the style and manner of
writing
should be of the same character with
that of the original.
Next in importance to a
faithful transfusion of the sense and meaning
of an author, is an assimilation of the style
and manner of writing in the
translation to
that of the requisite of a good translation,
though but secondary in importance, is more
difficult to be attained than
the former; for
the qualities requisite for justly discerning and
happily
imitating the various characters of
style and manner, are much more rare
than the
ability of simply understanding an author's sense.
A good
translator must be able to discover at
once the true character of his
author's style.
He must ascertain with precision to what class it
belongs;
whether to that of the grave, the
elevated, the easy, the lively, the florid
and
ornamented, or the simple and unaffected; and
these characteristic
qualities he must have
the capacity of rendering equally conspicuous in
the translation as in the original. If a
translator fails in this discernment,
and
wants this capacity, let him be ever so thoroughly
master of the sense
of his author, he will
present him through a distorting medium, or
exhibit
him often in a garb that is unsuitable
to his character.
The third general rule
--That the Translation should have all the ease
of original composition.
In order that the merit of the original
work may be so completely
translated as to
produce its full effect, it is necessary, not only
the
translation should contain a perfect
transcript of the sentiments of the
original,
and present likewise a resemblance of its style
and manner, but,
that the translation should
have all the ease of original composition.
When we consider those restraints within which
a translator finds himself
necessarily
confined, with regard to the sentiments and manner
of his
original, it will soon appear that this
last requisite includes the most
difficult
part of his task. To one who walks in trammels, it
is not easy to
exhibit an air of grace and
freedom.
If the original is easy and
graceful, the copy will have the same
qualities, in proportion as the imitation is
just and perfect. The translator's
task is
very different; he uses not the same colours with
the original, but
is required to give his
picture, the same force and effect. He is not
allowed to copy the touches of the original,
yet is required by touches of
his own, to
produce a perfect resemblance. The more he studies
a
scrupulous imitation, the less his copy will
reflect the ease and spirit of
the original.
How then shall a translator accomplish this
difficult union of
ease with fidelity ? To use
a bold expression, he must adopt the very soul
of his author, which must speak through his
own organs.