必考词第二节(完成)
复旦附中自主招生-给女生的简短祝福
必考词
第二节
练习一：词汇与搭配
1. Ms.
Green has been living in town for only year, yet
she seems to be acquainted ___ everyone who comes
to the store.
2. Your fluency in English gives
you an advantage ___ the other candidates for the
job.
3. He has been charged __ murdering his
wife.
4. His efforts to bring about a
reconciliation between the two parties came __.
5. People who refuse to comply __ the law will
be punished.
6. Language, culture, and
personality may be considered independently
each other in thought, but they are inseparable in
fact.
7. Paul strongly denied that he was
guilty ____cheating innocent customers.
8. The
travelers sought shelter ___the rain and happened
to find a roadside to find a roadside inn.
9.
If you persist ___causing troubles, the company
will have to dismiss you,
10. Really, she
seemed embarrassed when her partner made a
spectacle ___himself on the dance floor last
night.
11. The monument was erected ____memory
of the people who devoted their lives to the cause
of Communism.
练习二：词汇辨析
1. Under the ___
confronting them it was impossible to continue the
strike any longer.
[A] surroundings
[B]
settings
[C] circumstances
[DJ
environments
2. The picture ___my school days
to my mind.
[A] recalled
[B] reminded
[C] remembered
[D] recollected
3. The
two oil companies ___to cut costs.
[A] mixed
[B] mingled
[C] merged
[D] messed
4. The black clouds ___rain.
[A] indicated
[B] hinted
[C] suggested
[D] meant
5. Farming demands ___forecasts
of the weather.
[A] precise
[B] correct
[C] accurate
[D] exact
6. American
companies are evolving from. mass-production
manufacturing to____ enterprises.
[A] moveable
[B] changing
[C] flexible
[D] varying
7. He ____having been frightened.
[A]
acknowledged
[B] confessed
[C] recognized
[D]admitted
8. My camera can be ____to
take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
[A] adapted
[B] adjusted
[C] adopted
[D] remedied
9. Please ___me on that
subject.
[A] enlighten
[B] acquaint
[C]inform
[D] instruct
10. With all
its advantages, the computer is by no means
without its___.
[A] boundaries
[B]
limitations
[C] confinements
[D]
restraints
11. A ___translation is not always
the closest to the original meaning.
[A]literal
[B] liberal
[C] literate
[D] literary
12. The new
hotel built a few months ago is large enough to
____over two hundred people.
[A] contain
[B] hold
[C] provide
[D] accommodate
13. Do you like this ____of coffee?
[A]
trademark
[B] sign
[C] mark
[D] brand
14. With the introduction of ____technology,
information flows faster than it ever did.
[A]involved
[B] complicated
[C]
sophisticated
[D] complex
15. ___energy
must be released in one form or another, for
example, an earthquake.
[A] Gathered
[B]
Collected
[C] Accumulated
[D] Assembled
16. Having failed in the mathematics
examination, Tom feels very___.
[A] oppressed
[B]suppressed
[C] depressed
[D]
compressed
17. The description of what happens
in learning process is sometimes too___.
[A]complex to understand
[B]difficult to
be understood
[C]complicated to understand
[D] complicated enough to understand
18.
This is a picture of my house. In the ____you can
see the mountains.
[A] residence
[B]
setting
[C] environment
[D] sightseeing
19. With prices ___ so much, it's hard for the
company to plan a budget.
[A] fluctuating
[B] waving
[C] swinging
[D] vibrating
20. If your knowledge can
be in some way ___with my experiences, we are sure
to succeed.
[A] joined
[B]united
[C]
connected
[D] combined
练习三：英语知识运用
1.
When television first began to expand, very few of
the people who had becoming
commentators
were able to be equally effective on television.
Some of the experienced
when they were
trying to __ themselves to the new medium were
technical.
[A] turn
[B] adapt
[C] alter
[D] modify
2. The first man
who cooked his food, instead of eating if raw,
lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was
or where
he lived. We do know, however, that
for thousands of years, food was always eaten cold
and ___.
[A] raw
[B] crude
[C] dry
[D] fresh
3. Who talks more, women or men?
The seemingly contradictory evidence is ___ by the
difference what I call public and
private
speaking. More men feel comfortable doing
speaking,white more women feel comfortable doing
speaking. Another way of capturing these
differences is by using the terms report-talk and
rapport( 协调关
系)-talk.
[A] compromised
[B]reckoned
[C] reinforced
[D]
reconciled
4. There can be no question about
the value of a safety program. From a financial
standpoint
alone, safety pays off. The fewer
the injury ___, the better the workman's insurance
rate. This may mean the difference
between
operating at a profit or at a loss.
[A] claims
[B] reports
[C] declarations
[D]proclamations
5. To Edward Hall the
principal difference between cultures is whether
they are monochromic or polychromic .In
monochromic cultures (United States, Northern
Europe)people do things one by one. They follow
schedules because time
can be squandered or
saved Promptness is essential, and one who is late
have ___a grave offense.
[A] made
[B]
committed
[C] done
[D]
taken
6. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even
more mysterious. The new experiments, such as
those ____for the first time at a recent
meeting or the society for Sleep Research in
Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations
for the purpose of non REM sleep.
[A]maintained
[B] described
[C]
settled
[D] afforded
7. It is not only in
affluent societies that people are obsessed with
the idea of making more
money. Consumer goods
are ____everywhere and modern industry
deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone
are
the days when industrial goods are made to
last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept
turning.
[A] desirable
[B] desirous
[C] desired
[D] desiring
8. Changes in
the social structure may indirectly ____juvenile
crime rates. For example, changes in the economy
that lead to
fewer job opportunities for youth
and rising unemployment in general make gainful
employment increasingly difficult to
obtain.
[A]affect
[B] reduce
[C]check
[D] reflect
9. Consequently, there has
been a growing interest in natural foods: foods
which do not contain additives and which have not
been ____by chemical fertilizers widely used
in farming today.
[A] effected
[B]
interfered
[C] disturbed
[D] affected
10. Vitamins are similar because they are made
of the same elements—usually carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They
are different in that their elements are
arranged differently, and each vitamin been
____one or more specific functions in the body.
[A]undertakes
[B] holds
[C] plays
[D] performs
11. When we grow older enough
to earn a living, it does not surprise us to
discover that success is measured in terms of the
money we earn. We spend the whole of our lives
keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If
we buy a new television set, Jones is __to buy a
bigger and better one.
[A] bound
[B]
destined
[C]doomed
[D]
determined
12. The United States Department of
Agriculture and the food industry ____sales
statistics and keep accurate records. This
information tells us what people are eating
and their changes in attitudes and tastes.
[A]
gather
[B]accumulate
[C] compile
[D]
compare
13. Finding ways to assist this
growing homeless population has become
increasingly difficult. Even when homeless
individuals manage to find a ____that will
give them three meals a day and a place to steep
at night, a good number still
spend the bulk
of each day wandering the street.
[A] lodging
[B] shelter
[C] dwelling
[D] house
14. Once man began to raise his own animals,
he did not have to go out and hunt for his meat.
And, since he did not have to
move from one
place to another hunting for food, man was able to
____down and live in one place.
[A] calm
[B] get
[C] come
[D]settle
15.
Another important factor is the technical
efficiency of a country's people. Old countries
that have numerous ____craftsmen are better
placed to produce wealth than countries
whose
workers are largely unskilled. Furthermore, wealth
also produces wealth.
[A] skillful
[B]
skilled
[C] capable
[D] shrewd
16. A
new computer system has been designed to stop
ships sinking. The greater danger to
holed
vessel is that flooding of its compartments will
make the ship unstable enough to capsize. It is
estimated that nearly
half the ships lost
during the second world war capsized because of
loss of stability. Pacer Systems of Burlington .
Massachusetts, has now refined a system ___by
a reserve US Navy officer, Stephen Drabvouski ,
which effectively second
guesses the ship.
[A] owned
[B] searched
[C] captured
[D] devised
练习四：语法与词汇
1. There was a
very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman
that I read recently
what he thought was
a reason for this American characteristic.
A. giving
B. gave
C. to
give
D. given
2. Today, ____ major new
products without conducting elaborate market
research.
A. corporations hardly introduce
ever
B. corporations hardly ever introduce
C .hardly corporations introduce ever
D.
hardly corporations ever introduce
3. If I
correct someone, I'll do it with as much good
humor and self-restraint as if I were the one____.
A .to correct
B. correcting
C.
having corrected
D. being corrected
4. A
Dream of the Red Chamber is said ____Into dozens
of languages in the last decade.
A .to have
been translated
B. to be translated
C. to
translate
D. to have translated
5. ____, a
man who expresses himself effectively is sure to
succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of
language is
poor.
A. Other things to be
equal
B .Were other things equal
C .To
be equal to other things
D. Other things
being equal
6. The residents, ____ had been
damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red
Cross.
A .all their homes
B. all whose
homes
C. all of whose homes
D. all of
their homes
7. lecturer was a tall thin man
with white hair.
____ Dr. Firld because he is
short and fat . It Dr. Jones; he is thin.
A.
can't be…must be
B. couldn't have been…might
have been
C. must be…can't be
D. can't
have been…must have been
8. My family ____very
interested in playing bowls, which ____very much
in fashion now.
A. is...is
B. are…are
C. is...are
D. are…is
9. One of the properties of light is ____
traveling in wave form as it goes from one place
to another.
A. it B. it's C. its D.
their
10. The migratory birds use the same
nests year after year, ____ new material each
time.
A. and will add
B. to add
C.
which are added
D. adding
11. The business
of each day, ____ selling goods or shipping them,
went quite smoothly.
A. it being
B. be it
C. was it
D. it was
答案及详解
练习一
1.
begetbecome acquainted with .“知道，熟悉”。句意：格林小姐虽然在这个镇
子只住了一年，然而似乎每个
来店铺的人她都认识似的。
2. have an
advantage over 表示“比„„具有优势”，为固定搭配。
3.
charge“控告，指控”，其用法为：charge sb. with sth.因某事而控告某人。
4. come
off表示“成功，奏效，达到预期效果”。句意：他试图使双方达成和解的努力奏效了。
5.
comply 表示“遵从；服从”，后接with.句意：拒不遵纪守法的人终究会受到处罚
6.
independently “独立地”，后接of。句意：语言、文化、性格在思维上（思想上）可以分别给
予考虑，但在实际生
活中却不是这样，是分不开的。
7．be guilty
of犯有„„罪；be guilty for因„„而内疚
8．shelter“掩蔽；庇护”。用做动词时常说shelter(sb．)from
sth.“躲避„„，庇护„„，使免受„„”。做名词时常
用搭配是seek／take
shelter
from“躲避(风雨、灾祸等)”。还有一个常用的介词短语under(the)shelter
of“在„的掩
护下”。用于原义时shelter常带定冠词，如: under the
shelter of an umbrella。用于比喻意义时一般不用定冠，如under
shelter of one's position。
t
in(with)指坚持，持续做某事，常用于贬义。句意：如果你要惹麻烦的话，公司就只好把你开除了。
a spectacle of“出洋相”。
memory of“为纪念„„”。
练习二
stances（一般用复数)指某事或动作发生时的“情况”。常与un
der或in连用，表示“在„„情况下”。
[A]surroundings(一定用复数)指“周围
事物”，
“环境”。如：familiar
surroundings熟悉的环境；[B]setting常指“背景，环境”。如：Rome is
the setting of the story ．故
事以罗马为背景。
[D]env
ironment则表示环绕着某一特定的人或物并对其产生某种影响的“环境”。如：Children
need a happy home
environment ．孩子需要—个愉快的家庭环境。
“使回忆起，回想，想起”；[D]recall“回忆，回想”。这两个词做“回想，回忆”解时是同
义词，如果主语
是人可以互换。recall还可以以事物做主语，表示“使回忆起”，recolle
ct 无此用法。[B]remind“使回忆起，使记
起，提醒”，以人做宾语，必须说remind
sb. of sth．／to do sth．。
结合;合并”，强调通过合并的各部分合为一体，
融合在一起往往无法加以辨别；也可指企业或公司的合并。
[A]mix混合；搀和”；[B]ming
le“相混;交织”，通常表示那些混合在一起的各个成分是可以区别开来的，如；She
had
mingled feelings of joy and sorrow ．
te此处意为“通过
某种迹象预示、表明”；[B]hint“暗示，提升”，指通过微妙、含蓄的方式进行的揭示；[C]sugg
est
指没有截了当说出、但含有某种意思的“暗示”，接近imply；[D]mean“意思是„„
，意味着„„”。
5. accurate“准确的，无误的”。[A]precise“精密的，精
确的”；[D]exact“精密的，准确的”；precise，correct，exact
都不用
来形容天气预报。
6．flexible“灵活的，可变通的”，与mass-production
相对。句意；美国公司正在从大规模生产向灵活多变的企业发
展。[A]moveable“活动的，可
移动的”；[B]changing“变化的”；[D]varying“变化的”。
ledge指公
开承认隐瞒或否认过的事。句意；他承认受了惊吓。[B]confess通常指自愿服罪或认错，如：He
confessed that he had stolen the money
．他承认曾偷过钱。[C]recognize指正式承认主权、权利等，如：They refused
to recognize the country’s independence。他们拒绝
正式承认这个国家的独立；[D]admit则指在外界或自己良心的
压力下承认，如；The
accused man admired his guilt．被告承认了他的罪行。
“调节，调整”，adjust a camera表示“调节照相机的速度、距离或光圈”等。句意：
我的照相机可以进行调
节，不管阴天还是晴天都可以照相。[A]adapt“使适应”，如；Can
you adapt yourself to the new
conditions?你能使
自己适应新的情况吗?[C]adopt“采取、采用”，如：I
thought your idea was a good one，so I adopted
it．我认为你的
意见很好，所以就采纳了。[D]remedy“纠正”， 如： Your faults of
pronunciation can be remedied你的发汗缺陷
是可以纠正的。
9.句意：请帮助我弄明白那一问题。[A]enlighten与[D]意为“指导，教导”，但搭配不同。
enlighten sb. on
sth.“教导某人某事，使某人明白某事”；instruct sb．in
sth.“教导某人某事”。[B]acquaint用于短
语acquaint sb.
with“使某人知道，使某人熟悉”；[C]inform用于短语inform sb．of
sth．“告知某人某事”。
10．limitation“缺点，局限性”，相当于shortco
ming。句意：尽管计算机有许多优点，但绝非没有局限性。[A]boundary
“边界，分界线
”；[C]confinement“限制”，为不可数名词；[D]restraint“限制，限制者，束缚
物”。
11．literal“文字的，字面的”，a literal translation直
译。句意:直译未必最接近原义。这组词的拼写很相似，要注意
其拼写上的细微差别。[B]liber
al“慷慨的，大方的，开明的”；[C]literate“识字的,有文化的”；[D]literary“
文学
(上)的”。
12．accommodate指(旅馆等)能为(多少旅客)提供住处(
或膳宿)，也指(交通工具)能搭载(多少乘客)。[A]contain和[B]hold
用于：(容
器)能容纳(多少物品);(建筑物)可容纳(多少观众、听众等)。[C]provide“提供”，其结构为
provide sb. with
sth．或provide sth．for sb.。
ark和brand用汉语来表述，都有“商标”之意，其实，它们含义不同。[A]trademark是向
家选用的用来标明自
己的商品的一个单词、符号、图案，或者是这些东西的任意组合，使自己的商品与其
他人的商品区别开来。[D]brand
一般被认为指一类确定的、通常是著名的商品，可表述为“品牌
”，如：a popular brand of beer。[C]mark和[B]sign，
都有
“标志，标签”之意，mark特指印刷或书定的符号、标志或标签；sign指代表某物的符号，如：math
ematical
signs，
eg．+，-，x，÷。除此之外，sign还有“招牌，指示牌”的意思，
如：traffic signs，a shop-sign。
14.这一组均含“复杂的”之意。[
C]sophisticated的复杂，侧重点在精密、先进，也就是我们所谓的高、精、尖。[D]comp
lex
的复杂含有使人糊涂之意；[B]complicated理论上要比complex还复杂，但
不包括confusing的内涵；[A]involved源自
其动词involve，指因牵扯面广
而引起的复杂，带有我们说的盘根错节的意味。
15．accumulate指点点滴滴长时期地积聚
，其重心在积聚起来的整体，而不在一个一个的个体。[A]gather,[B]collect和
[
D]assemble均有一件一件收集的内涵，但assemble仅能指人员，所以中文为“召集”。
sed“情绪低落的，忧郁的，消沉的”，feel
depressed闷闷不乐的。[A]oppressed“被压抑的，被压迫的”，
如：the
oppressed
people被压迫人民；[B]suppressed“被抑制的，被忍住的”，如：suppressed
emotion被压抑的情绪；
[D]compressed“压缩过的，(文字)简练的”，如：co
mpressed air压缩空气。
x与complicated区别:complex=made
up of parts, difficult to understand or
explain由许多部分组成，难以理解的，
复杂的，如：a complicated
problem一道难题。
g“环境;背景”，用来指为了突出某个主体而存在的背景、环境。[C]
environment“环境”，指我们所处的自
然界的事态环境和社会环境：[A]residen
ce“住宅，住处”；[D]sightseeing“观光”，明显都不合句意。
ate“波动”，
指无形的东西，如：水平、特性、价格等，在with独立结构中说明prices“物价”，语义搭配贴
切。句意：由于价格波动太厉害，公司很难计划预算。[B]wave“挥动，飘动”，指有形的东西，如“旗
帜、树枝”
等；[C]swing“摆动”，指从一边向另一边，或成曲线运动；[D]vibrate
“振动”，指物体、弦、声音等。
e“结合，联合”，常指两个或多个非物质事物相互融合，如：
combine your knowledge with my experiences
把你的知识与我的经验结合起来。[A]join“连接，联合”，强调原来
是分离着的东西，现在连接并合为一体；[A]unite
“使(联合)，(使)结合”，强调联合后形
成新的整体，统一目标标，统一行动；[C]connect“连接，联系”，指两个
不同的、分离着的
事物在某一点上相互接触．但各自仍保持原有的特性及独立性。
练习三
to“适应”。[
C]alter(改变)和[D]modify(修改)不可与to搭配，可排除。[A]turn
to(求助于)不符合“收音机评论
员试着适应电视这一新的媒体”这句话的意思。
“生的”
。[C]dry“干燥的”；[B]crude“天然的，生的”，指未经提炼的，如：crude
oil原油;[D]flesh“新的，
新鲜的”。
ile“使(似有分歧的目标、说法、意
见等)一致，和谐”，符合“这种似乎矛盾的证据与我所说的公共谈话和
私下谈话的差别是一致的”。[
A1compromise“妥协，折中”；[B]reckon“认为(某人，某事物)是„„”；[C]re
inforce
“加强”。
4。claim“(要求保险公司赔偿的)款项：赔偿”，如：put in／make a
claim for(damages提出损害赔偿要求。[B] report
“报告”；[C]de
claration“宣言，宣告”；[D]proclamation“宣言，声明”。
5．com
mit“犯错误，干坏事”，符合文意。最后一句意思是“做事敏捷是最重要的，迟到的人是对别人的严重冒犯”
。
6.本题测试语义搭配。句中提到在某次会议上“讲述”的试验，故选described最为贴切
。[A]maintain“主张；维持”，
[C]settle“解决”和[D]afford“担负
得起；供给”，均不符合上下文的逻辑搭配。
7．desirable“令人渴望的，称心的”，符合
文意。[B]desirous“渴望的，想要的”，常用于某人想要某物。如：We are
desirous of
peace.我们渴望和平。[C]desired“被渴望的”；[D]desiring“渴望的”。
8．前文的Changes in the social structure对于juvenile
crime rates 自然有“影响”。[A]affect“影响，作用”，符合题意。
[B]r
educe“减少”。[C]check“检奔，校对”也可以作“抑制，阻止”。[D]reflect“反射
，反映”。
9．自然食品不受当今农业生产中广泛使用的化肥的影响。所以[D]affect“影响
，产生作用”是正确答案。[A] effect
“结果，效果”；[B]interfere“干预，
妨碍”；[C]disturb“打扰”。
10．根据句意，所选项要有“起作用”的含义。四个选项中，只有[D] perform“执行，履
行”与function相搭配，意
为“起作用”。[A]undertake“着手，承担”；[B]
hold“抓住，掌握”；[C]play常和part或role搭配，也可表达“起
作用”之意。
11．be bound to do sth．肯定要做某事，符合文意，最后一句意为“如果我们买
了一台新电视机，我们的邻居肯定会
买一台更大、更好的电视机。”[B]be destined
to do sth．“命中注定要做某事”，如：They were destined to never
to
meet again．他们命中注定再也无缘相遇了。[C]be doomed to
sth．／to do sth。“注定要做某事”，通常用于不好的
事情，如：Are whales
doomed to extinction? 鲸鱼注定是要灭绝的吗?[D]be determined
to do sth．决定要做某事。
12．compile指搜集资料，有时也指编辑字典。而[A
]gather只是收集起来；[B]accumulate是积累，积蓄。
13．四个选项都有“住房”，“住处”的意思，但[B]shelter除了表示“藏身处”之外，
还有“避难所”的意思，对
于无家可归者而言，他们能够获得的也只能是给他们提供饮食和睡觉地方的避
堆所了，因此选[B]。
14．settle down“定居下来”。
15．skilled经过训练的，而skillful是熟练的，有技巧的
；根据上下文，选skilled。
16．帕塞计算机加以改进的，并非是德拉布斯基所拥有(own
)、所调查(searched)和所获（captured）的计算机，而是他
所设计（devise
)的计算机，故选[D]
练习四
1.该题考查非谓语动词。其中介词短语by an
Englishman与定语从句that I read
recently都做定语修饰book。可见空格处
应填一分词做定语修饰remark,而what
he thought… characteristic 做分词的宾语，其中he thought为插入语
。由此排除
B,C选项。根据句意,remark与give应是主动关系，故排除选项D．答案为A
2.该题考查副词用法。其中否定词never ,not only ,not until,
hardly ,scarcely ,seldom ,rarely或否定含义的短语in no way
,at
no time ,in no case, by no means，under no
circumstances等放在句首,引起句子部分倒装，故C、D排除。副词ever应置
于动词
之前，故答案为B。
3.该题考查非谓语动词。根据句意及correct作为及物动词后却无宾语可
知，空格处应为动词的被动形式。故答案为D，
分词短语being
corrected做定语修饰代词one.
4.该题考查非谓语动词。根据句意，[A]Dream
of the Red Chamber与translate间应是被动关系，故排除C、D选项。另
外,translate的动作应在is
said之前，所以应选不定式完成式，故排除B(表将来)，因此答案为A。
5.该题考查独立主格
结构．根据句意及两分词间无连词，空格处应填一状语成分表条件．首先排除选项B(省略if的倒
装句
，而a man who expresses…is poor是一真实句不符合虚拟语气的构成)，该句同样
符合独立主格结构构成标准，
故答案为D，另外D选项也可替换成从句if Other things
are equal…。
6.该题考查定语从句。该句主干为the residents were
given help by,空格处应填一成分做定语修饰the
residents,首先排除
A，D选项，而选项B，C中，all与the
residents表示所属或同位关系，故答案为C。
7.该题考查情态动词用法。根据题干可排除A，C选项(must be，can't
be分别表示现在的肯／否定推测)，而B选项中的
might have
been表示可能已经做成某事。故选D。表示对过去的否／肯定推测。
8.该题考查主谓一致。其中which指代其前的playing bowls，故空格二中应填单
数谓语动词(动名词做主语，谓语动词
为单数)，因而排除B，C选项。Family是一集合名词，指
代整体时谓语动词为单数，指代部分成员时为复数，根据
题意应指代家庭成员，故答案为D。
9．该题考查非谓语动。句中traveling为动名词做表语，空格处所填内容做动名词的逻辑主语，首先外
除B，D选项，
能做动名词逻辑主语的闷词形容词性物主代词，名词所有格或人称代词宾格，故答案为C
。
10.该题考查句子结构。根据句意排除B选项(不定式做状语表原因，目的或结果)，选项C应为
which are added
by故排除，
选项A不符合时态一致原则。故答案为D(分词做use伴随状语或做主语the
migratory birds补足语)。
11.该题考查倒装句。其中主干为The
business of each day went quite smoothly。根据句意，空格处应
填一表让步的词，
答案为B。该结构为：Be+主语+„。此结构是一开放式条件从句，表示泛指“不管
是„„”，属于一特殊倒装句，
可替换为whether…or,如该题干可换为“…,whether
it is selling goods or shipping them ，…”。
必考词
第二节
练习一：词汇与搭配
1. Ms. Green has been living in town for only
year, yet she seems to be acquainted ___ everyone
who comes to the store.
2. Your fluency in
English gives you an advantage ___ the other
candidates for the job.
3. He has been charged
__ murdering his wife.
4. His efforts to
bring about a reconciliation between the two
parties came __.
5. People who refuse to
comply __ the law will be punished.
6.
Language, culture, and personality may be
considered independently each other in thought,
but they are inseparable in
fact.
7. Paul
strongly denied that he was guilty ____cheating
innocent customers.
8. The travelers sought
shelter ___the rain and happened to find a
roadside to find a roadside inn.
9. If you
persist ___causing troubles, the company will have
to dismiss you,
10. Really, she seemed
embarrassed when her partner made a spectacle
___himself on the dance floor last night.
11.
The monument was erected ____memory of the people
who devoted their lives to the cause of Communism.
练习二：词汇辨析
1. Under the ___ confronting them
it was impossible to continue the strike any
longer.
[A] surroundings
[B] settings
[C] circumstances
[DJ environments
2.
The picture ___my school days to my mind.
[A]
recalled
[B] reminded
[C] remembered
[D] recollected
3. The two oil companies
___to cut costs.
[A] mixed
[B] mingled
[C] merged
[D] messed
4. The black
clouds ___rain.
[A] indicated
[B] hinted
[C] suggested
[D] meant
5. Farming demands ___forecasts of the
weather.
[A] precise
[B] correct
[C]
accurate
[D] exact
6. American companies
are evolving from. mass-production manufacturing
to____ enterprises.
[A] moveable
[B]
changing
[C] flexible
[D] varying
7.
He ____having been frightened.
[A]
acknowledged
[B] confessed
[C] recognized
[D]admitted
8. My camera can be ____to
take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
[A] adapted
[B] adjusted
[C] adopted
[D] remedied
9. Please ___me on that
subject.
[A] enlighten
[B] acquaint
[C]inform
[D] instruct
10. With all
its advantages, the computer is by no means
without its___.
[A] boundaries
[B]
limitations
[C] confinements
[D]
restraints
11. A ___translation is not always
the closest to the original meaning.
[A]literal
[B] liberal
[C] literate
[D] literary
12. The new
hotel built a few months ago is large enough to
____over two hundred people.
[A] contain
[B] hold
[C] provide
[D] accommodate
13. Do you like this ____of coffee?
[A]
trademark
[B] sign
[C] mark
[D] brand
14. With the introduction of ____technology,
information flows faster than it ever did.
[A]involved
[B] complicated
[C]
sophisticated
[D] complex
15. ___energy
must be released in one form or another, for
example, an earthquake.
[A] Gathered
[B]
Collected
[C] Accumulated
[D] Assembled
16. Having failed in the mathematics
examination, Tom feels very___.
[A] oppressed
[B]suppressed
[C] depressed
[D]
compressed
17. The description of what happens
in learning process is sometimes too___.
[A]complex to understand
[B]difficult to
be understood
[C]complicated to understand
[D] complicated enough to understand
18.
This is a picture of my house. In the ____you can
see the mountains.
[A] residence
[B]
setting
[C] environment
[D] sightseeing
19. With prices ___ so much, it's hard for the
company to plan a budget.
[A] fluctuating
[B] waving
[C] swinging
[D] vibrating
20. If your knowledge can
be in some way ___with my experiences, we are sure
to succeed.
[A] joined
[B]united
[C]
connected
[D] combined
练习三：英语知识运用
1.
When television first began to expand, very few of
the people who had becoming
commentators
were able to be equally effective on television.
Some of the experienced
when they were
trying to __ themselves to the new medium were
technical.
[A] turn
[B] adapt
[C] alter
[D] modify
2. The first man
who cooked his food, instead of eating if raw,
lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was
or where
he lived. We do know, however, that
for thousands of years, food was always eaten cold
and ___.
[A] raw
[B] crude
[C] dry
[D] fresh
3. Who talks more, women or men?
The seemingly contradictory evidence is ___ by the
difference what I call public and
private
speaking. More men feel comfortable doing
speaking,white more women feel comfortable doing
speaking. Another way of capturing these
differences is by using the terms report-talk and
rapport( 协调关
系)-talk.
[A] compromised
[B]reckoned
[C] reinforced
[D]
reconciled
4. There can be no question about
the value of a safety program. From a financial
standpoint
alone, safety pays off. The fewer
the injury ___, the better the workman's insurance
rate. This may mean the difference
between
operating at a profit or at a loss.
[A] claims
[B] reports
[C] declarations
[D]proclamations
5. To Edward Hall the
principal difference between cultures is whether
they are monochromic or polychromic .In
monochromic cultures (United States, Northern
Europe)people do things one by one. They follow
schedules because time
can be squandered or
saved Promptness is essential, and one who is late
have ___a grave offense.
[A] made
[B]
committed
[C] done
[D]
taken
6. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even
more mysterious. The new experiments, such as
those ____for the first time at a recent
meeting or the society for Sleep Research in
Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations
for the purpose of non REM sleep.
[A]maintained
[B] described
[C]
settled
[D] afforded
7. It is not only in
affluent societies that people are obsessed with
the idea of making more
money. Consumer goods
are ____everywhere and modern industry
deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone
are
the days when industrial goods are made to
last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept
turning.
[A] desirable
[B] desirous
[C] desired
[D] desiring
8. Changes in
the social structure may indirectly ____juvenile
crime rates. For example, changes in the economy
that lead to
fewer job opportunities for youth
and rising unemployment in general make gainful
employment increasingly difficult to
obtain.
[A]affect
[B] reduce
[C]check
[D] reflect
9. Consequently, there has
been a growing interest in natural foods: foods
which do not contain additives and which have not
been ____by chemical fertilizers widely used
in farming today.
[A] effected
[B]
interfered
[C] disturbed
[D] affected
10. Vitamins are similar because they are made
of the same elements—usually carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They
are different in that their elements are
arranged differently, and each vitamin been
____one or more specific functions in the body.
[A]undertakes
[B] holds
[C] plays
[D] performs
11. When we grow older enough
to earn a living, it does not surprise us to
discover that success is measured in terms of the
money we earn. We spend the whole of our lives
keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If
we buy a new television set, Jones is __to buy a
bigger and better one.
[A] bound
[B]
destined
[C]doomed
[D]
determined
12. The United States Department of
Agriculture and the food industry ____sales
statistics and keep accurate records. This
information tells us what people are eating
and their changes in attitudes and tastes.
[A]
gather
[B]accumulate
[C] compile
[D]
compare
13. Finding ways to assist this
growing homeless population has become
increasingly difficult. Even when homeless
individuals manage to find a ____that will
give them three meals a day and a place to steep
at night, a good number still
spend the bulk
of each day wandering the street.
[A] lodging
[B] shelter
[C] dwelling
[D] house
14. Once man began to raise his own animals,
he did not have to go out and hunt for his meat.
And, since he did not have to
move from one
place to another hunting for food, man was able to
____down and live in one place.
[A] calm
[B] get
[C] come
[D]settle
15.
Another important factor is the technical
efficiency of a country's people. Old countries
that have numerous ____craftsmen are better
placed to produce wealth than countries
whose
workers are largely unskilled. Furthermore, wealth
also produces wealth.
[A] skillful
[B]
skilled
[C] capable
[D] shrewd
16. A
new computer system has been designed to stop
ships sinking. The greater danger to
holed
vessel is that flooding of its compartments will
make the ship unstable enough to capsize. It is
estimated that nearly
half the ships lost
during the second world war capsized because of
loss of stability. Pacer Systems of Burlington .
Massachusetts, has now refined a system ___by
a reserve US Navy officer, Stephen Drabvouski ,
which effectively second
guesses the ship.
[A] owned
[B] searched
[C] captured
[D] devised
练习四：语法与词汇
1. There was a
very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman
that I read recently
what he thought was
a reason for this American characteristic.
A. giving
B. gave
C. to
give
D. given
2. Today, ____ major new
products without conducting elaborate market
research.
A. corporations hardly introduce
ever
B. corporations hardly ever introduce
C .hardly corporations introduce ever
D.
hardly corporations ever introduce
3. If I
correct someone, I'll do it with as much good
humor and self-restraint as if I were the one____.
A .to correct
B. correcting
C.
having corrected
D. being corrected
4. A
Dream of the Red Chamber is said ____Into dozens
of languages in the last decade.
A .to have
been translated
B. to be translated
C. to
translate
D. to have translated
5. ____, a
man who expresses himself effectively is sure to
succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of
language is
poor.
A. Other things to be
equal
B .Were other things equal
C .To
be equal to other things
D. Other things
being equal
6. The residents, ____ had been
damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red
Cross.
A .all their homes
B. all whose
homes
C. all of whose homes
D. all of
their homes
7. lecturer was a tall thin man
with white hair.
____ Dr. Firld because he is
short and fat . It Dr. Jones; he is thin.
A.
can't be…must be
B. couldn't have been…might
have been
C. must be…can't be
D. can't
have been…must have been
8. My family ____very
interested in playing bowls, which ____very much
in fashion now.
A. is...is
B. are…are
C. is...are
D. are…is
9. One of the properties of light is ____
traveling in wave form as it goes from one place
to another.
A. it B. it's C. its D.
their
10. The migratory birds use the same
nests year after year, ____ new material each
time.
A. and will add
B. to add
C.
which are added
D. adding
11. The business
of each day, ____ selling goods or shipping them,
went quite smoothly.
A. it being
B. be it
C. was it
D. it was
答案及详解
练习一
1.
begetbecome acquainted with .“知道，熟悉”。句意：格林小姐虽然在这个镇
子只住了一年，然而似乎每个
来店铺的人她都认识似的。
2. have an
advantage over 表示“比„„具有优势”，为固定搭配。
3.
charge“控告，指控”，其用法为：charge sb. with sth.因某事而控告某人。
4. come
off表示“成功，奏效，达到预期效果”。句意：他试图使双方达成和解的努力奏效了。
5.
comply 表示“遵从；服从”，后接with.句意：拒不遵纪守法的人终究会受到处罚
6.
independently “独立地”，后接of。句意：语言、文化、性格在思维上（思想上）可以分别给
予考虑，但在实际生
活中却不是这样，是分不开的。
7．be guilty
of犯有„„罪；be guilty for因„„而内疚
8．shelter“掩蔽；庇护”。用做动词时常说shelter(sb．)from
sth.“躲避„„，庇护„„，使免受„„”。做名词时常
用搭配是seek／take
shelter
from“躲避(风雨、灾祸等)”。还有一个常用的介词短语under(the)shelter
of“在„的掩
护下”。用于原义时shelter常带定冠词，如: under the
shelter of an umbrella。用于比喻意义时一般不用定冠，如under
shelter of one's position。
t
in(with)指坚持，持续做某事，常用于贬义。句意：如果你要惹麻烦的话，公司就只好把你开除了。
a spectacle of“出洋相”。
memory of“为纪念„„”。
练习二
stances（一般用复数)指某事或动作发生时的“情况”。常与un
der或in连用，表示“在„„情况下”。
[A]surroundings(一定用复数)指“周围
事物”，
“环境”。如：familiar
surroundings熟悉的环境；[B]setting常指“背景，环境”。如：Rome is
the setting of the story ．故
事以罗马为背景。
[D]env
ironment则表示环绕着某一特定的人或物并对其产生某种影响的“环境”。如：Children
need a happy home
environment ．孩子需要—个愉快的家庭环境。
“使回忆起，回想，想起”；[D]recall“回忆，回想”。这两个词做“回想，回忆”解时是同
义词，如果主语
是人可以互换。recall还可以以事物做主语，表示“使回忆起”，recolle
ct 无此用法。[B]remind“使回忆起，使记
起，提醒”，以人做宾语，必须说remind
sb. of sth．／to do sth．。
结合;合并”，强调通过合并的各部分合为一体，
融合在一起往往无法加以辨别；也可指企业或公司的合并。
[A]mix混合；搀和”；[B]ming
le“相混;交织”，通常表示那些混合在一起的各个成分是可以区别开来的，如；She
had
mingled feelings of joy and sorrow ．
te此处意为“通过
某种迹象预示、表明”；[B]hint“暗示，提升”，指通过微妙、含蓄的方式进行的揭示；[C]sugg
est
指没有截了当说出、但含有某种意思的“暗示”，接近imply；[D]mean“意思是„„
，意味着„„”。
5. accurate“准确的，无误的”。[A]precise“精密的，精
确的”；[D]exact“精密的，准确的”；precise，correct，exact
都不用
来形容天气预报。
6．flexible“灵活的，可变通的”，与mass-production
相对。句意；美国公司正在从大规模生产向灵活多变的企业发
展。[A]moveable“活动的，可
移动的”；[B]changing“变化的”；[D]varying“变化的”。
ledge指公
开承认隐瞒或否认过的事。句意；他承认受了惊吓。[B]confess通常指自愿服罪或认错，如：He
confessed that he had stolen the money
．他承认曾偷过钱。[C]recognize指正式承认主权、权利等，如：They refused
to recognize the country’s independence。他们拒绝
正式承认这个国家的独立；[D]admit则指在外界或自己良心的
压力下承认，如；The
accused man admired his guilt．被告承认了他的罪行。
“调节，调整”，adjust a camera表示“调节照相机的速度、距离或光圈”等。句意：
我的照相机可以进行调
节，不管阴天还是晴天都可以照相。[A]adapt“使适应”，如；Can
you adapt yourself to the new
conditions?你能使
自己适应新的情况吗?[C]adopt“采取、采用”，如：I
thought your idea was a good one，so I adopted
it．我认为你的
意见很好，所以就采纳了。[D]remedy“纠正”， 如： Your faults of
pronunciation can be remedied你的发汗缺陷
是可以纠正的。
9.句意：请帮助我弄明白那一问题。[A]enlighten与[D]意为“指导，教导”，但搭配不同。
enlighten sb. on
sth.“教导某人某事，使某人明白某事”；instruct sb．in
sth.“教导某人某事”。[B]acquaint用于短
语acquaint sb.
with“使某人知道，使某人熟悉”；[C]inform用于短语inform sb．of
sth．“告知某人某事”。
10．limitation“缺点，局限性”，相当于shortco
ming。句意：尽管计算机有许多优点，但绝非没有局限性。[A]boundary
“边界，分界线
”；[C]confinement“限制”，为不可数名词；[D]restraint“限制，限制者，束缚
物”。
11．literal“文字的，字面的”，a literal translation直
译。句意:直译未必最接近原义。这组词的拼写很相似，要注意
其拼写上的细微差别。[B]liber
al“慷慨的，大方的，开明的”；[C]literate“识字的,有文化的”；[D]literary“
文学
(上)的”。
12．accommodate指(旅馆等)能为(多少旅客)提供住处(
或膳宿)，也指(交通工具)能搭载(多少乘客)。[A]contain和[B]hold
用于：(容
器)能容纳(多少物品);(建筑物)可容纳(多少观众、听众等)。[C]provide“提供”，其结构为
provide sb. with
sth．或provide sth．for sb.。
ark和brand用汉语来表述，都有“商标”之意，其实，它们含义不同。[A]trademark是向
家选用的用来标明自
己的商品的一个单词、符号、图案，或者是这些东西的任意组合，使自己的商品与其
他人的商品区别开来。[D]brand
一般被认为指一类确定的、通常是著名的商品，可表述为“品牌
”，如：a popular brand of beer。[C]mark和[B]sign，
都有
“标志，标签”之意，mark特指印刷或书定的符号、标志或标签；sign指代表某物的符号，如：math
ematical
signs，
eg．+，-，x，÷。除此之外，sign还有“招牌，指示牌”的意思，
如：traffic signs，a shop-sign。
14.这一组均含“复杂的”之意。[
C]sophisticated的复杂，侧重点在精密、先进，也就是我们所谓的高、精、尖。[D]comp
lex
的复杂含有使人糊涂之意；[B]complicated理论上要比complex还复杂，但
不包括confusing的内涵；[A]involved源自
其动词involve，指因牵扯面广
而引起的复杂，带有我们说的盘根错节的意味。
15．accumulate指点点滴滴长时期地积聚
，其重心在积聚起来的整体，而不在一个一个的个体。[A]gather,[B]collect和
[
D]assemble均有一件一件收集的内涵，但assemble仅能指人员，所以中文为“召集”。
sed“情绪低落的，忧郁的，消沉的”，feel
depressed闷闷不乐的。[A]oppressed“被压抑的，被压迫的”，
如：the
oppressed
people被压迫人民；[B]suppressed“被抑制的，被忍住的”，如：suppressed
emotion被压抑的情绪；
[D]compressed“压缩过的，(文字)简练的”，如：co
mpressed air压缩空气。
x与complicated区别:complex=made
up of parts, difficult to understand or
explain由许多部分组成，难以理解的，
复杂的，如：a complicated
problem一道难题。
g“环境;背景”，用来指为了突出某个主体而存在的背景、环境。[C]
environment“环境”，指我们所处的自
然界的事态环境和社会环境：[A]residen
ce“住宅，住处”；[D]sightseeing“观光”，明显都不合句意。
ate“波动”，
指无形的东西，如：水平、特性、价格等，在with独立结构中说明prices“物价”，语义搭配贴
切。句意：由于价格波动太厉害，公司很难计划预算。[B]wave“挥动，飘动”，指有形的东西，如“旗
帜、树枝”
等；[C]swing“摆动”，指从一边向另一边，或成曲线运动；[D]vibrate
“振动”，指物体、弦、声音等。
e“结合，联合”，常指两个或多个非物质事物相互融合，如：
combine your knowledge with my experiences
把你的知识与我的经验结合起来。[A]join“连接，联合”，强调原来
是分离着的东西，现在连接并合为一体；[A]unite
“使(联合)，(使)结合”，强调联合后形
成新的整体，统一目标标，统一行动；[C]connect“连接，联系”，指两个
不同的、分离着的
事物在某一点上相互接触．但各自仍保持原有的特性及独立性。
练习三
to“适应”。[
C]alter(改变)和[D]modify(修改)不可与to搭配，可排除。[A]turn
to(求助于)不符合“收音机评论
员试着适应电视这一新的媒体”这句话的意思。
“生的”
。[C]dry“干燥的”；[B]crude“天然的，生的”，指未经提炼的，如：crude
oil原油;[D]flesh“新的，
新鲜的”。
ile“使(似有分歧的目标、说法、意
见等)一致，和谐”，符合“这种似乎矛盾的证据与我所说的公共谈话和
私下谈话的差别是一致的”。[
A1compromise“妥协，折中”；[B]reckon“认为(某人，某事物)是„„”；[C]re
inforce
“加强”。
4。claim“(要求保险公司赔偿的)款项：赔偿”，如：put in／make a
claim for(damages提出损害赔偿要求。[B] report
“报告”；[C]de
claration“宣言，宣告”；[D]proclamation“宣言，声明”。
5．com
mit“犯错误，干坏事”，符合文意。最后一句意思是“做事敏捷是最重要的，迟到的人是对别人的严重冒犯”
。
6.本题测试语义搭配。句中提到在某次会议上“讲述”的试验，故选described最为贴切
。[A]maintain“主张；维持”，
[C]settle“解决”和[D]afford“担负
得起；供给”，均不符合上下文的逻辑搭配。
7．desirable“令人渴望的，称心的”，符合
文意。[B]desirous“渴望的，想要的”，常用于某人想要某物。如：We are
desirous of
peace.我们渴望和平。[C]desired“被渴望的”；[D]desiring“渴望的”。
8．前文的Changes in the social structure对于juvenile
crime rates 自然有“影响”。[A]affect“影响，作用”，符合题意。
[B]r
educe“减少”。[C]check“检奔，校对”也可以作“抑制，阻止”。[D]reflect“反射
，反映”。
9．自然食品不受当今农业生产中广泛使用的化肥的影响。所以[D]affect“影响
，产生作用”是正确答案。[A] effect
“结果，效果”；[B]interfere“干预，
妨碍”；[C]disturb“打扰”。
10．根据句意，所选项要有“起作用”的含义。四个选项中，只有[D] perform“执行，履
行”与function相搭配，意
为“起作用”。[A]undertake“着手，承担”；[B]
hold“抓住，掌握”；[C]play常和part或role搭配，也可表达“起
作用”之意。
11．be bound to do sth．肯定要做某事，符合文意，最后一句意为“如果我们买
了一台新电视机，我们的邻居肯定会
买一台更大、更好的电视机。”[B]be destined
to do sth．“命中注定要做某事”，如：They were destined to never
to
meet again．他们命中注定再也无缘相遇了。[C]be doomed to
sth．／to do sth。“注定要做某事”，通常用于不好的
事情，如：Are whales
doomed to extinction? 鲸鱼注定是要灭绝的吗?[D]be determined
to do sth．决定要做某事。
12．compile指搜集资料，有时也指编辑字典。而[A
]gather只是收集起来；[B]accumulate是积累，积蓄。
13．四个选项都有“住房”，“住处”的意思，但[B]shelter除了表示“藏身处”之外，
还有“避难所”的意思，对
于无家可归者而言，他们能够获得的也只能是给他们提供饮食和睡觉地方的避
堆所了，因此选[B]。
14．settle down“定居下来”。
15．skilled经过训练的，而skillful是熟练的，有技巧的
；根据上下文，选skilled。
16．帕塞计算机加以改进的，并非是德拉布斯基所拥有(own
)、所调查(searched)和所获（captured）的计算机，而是他
所设计（devise
)的计算机，故选[D]
练习四
1.该题考查非谓语动词。其中介词短语by an
Englishman与定语从句that I read
recently都做定语修饰book。可见空格处
应填一分词做定语修饰remark,而what
he thought… characteristic 做分词的宾语，其中he thought为插入语
。由此排除
B,C选项。根据句意,remark与give应是主动关系，故排除选项D．答案为A
2.该题考查副词用法。其中否定词never ,not only ,not until,
hardly ,scarcely ,seldom ,rarely或否定含义的短语in no way
,at
no time ,in no case, by no means，under no
circumstances等放在句首,引起句子部分倒装，故C、D排除。副词ever应置
于动词
之前，故答案为B。
3.该题考查非谓语动词。根据句意及correct作为及物动词后却无宾语可
知，空格处应为动词的被动形式。故答案为D，
分词短语being
corrected做定语修饰代词one.
4.该题考查非谓语动词。根据句意，[A]Dream
of the Red Chamber与translate间应是被动关系，故排除C、D选项。另
外,translate的动作应在is
said之前，所以应选不定式完成式，故排除B(表将来)，因此答案为A。
5.该题考查独立主格
结构．根据句意及两分词间无连词，空格处应填一状语成分表条件．首先排除选项B(省略if的倒
装句
，而a man who expresses…is poor是一真实句不符合虚拟语气的构成)，该句同样
符合独立主格结构构成标准，
故答案为D，另外D选项也可替换成从句if Other things
are equal…。
6.该题考查定语从句。该句主干为the residents were
given help by,空格处应填一成分做定语修饰the
residents,首先排除
A，D选项，而选项B，C中，all与the
residents表示所属或同位关系，故答案为C。
7.该题考查情态动词用法。根据题干可排除A，C选项(must be，can't
be分别表示现在的肯／否定推测)，而B选项中的
might have
been表示可能已经做成某事。故选D。表示对过去的否／肯定推测。
8.该题考查主谓一致。其中which指代其前的playing bowls，故空格二中应填单
数谓语动词(动名词做主语，谓语动词
为单数)，因而排除B，C选项。Family是一集合名词，指
代整体时谓语动词为单数，指代部分成员时为复数，根据
题意应指代家庭成员，故答案为D。
9．该题考查非谓语动。句中traveling为动名词做表语，空格处所填内容做动名词的逻辑主语，首先外
除B，D选项，
能做动名词逻辑主语的闷词形容词性物主代词，名词所有格或人称代词宾格，故答案为C
。
10.该题考查句子结构。根据句意排除B选项(不定式做状语表原因，目的或结果)，选项C应为
which are added
by故排除，
选项A不符合时态一致原则。故答案为D(分词做use伴随状语或做主语the
migratory birds补足语)。
11.该题考查倒装句。其中主干为The
business of each day went quite smoothly。根据句意，空格处应
填一表让步的词，
答案为B。该结构为：Be+主语+„。此结构是一开放式条件从句，表示泛指“不管
是„„”，属于一特殊倒装句，
可替换为whether…or,如该题干可换为“…,whether
it is selling goods or shipping them ，…”。