水利水电工程就业-职场励志电影

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
2002年1月
16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people
worldwide.
A. announced B. forgiven C. condemned D. despised
17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been
proved.
A. aspiration B. inspiration C. creativity D. breathing
18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban's military
installations.
A. set about B. set out C. set apart D. set aside
19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy.
A. businessman B. commodity C. substance D. talent
20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their
parents.
A. encourage B. survive C. arouse D. fulfill
21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.
A. helpful B. useless C. harmless D. inappropriate
22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick
solutions.
A. unexpected B. undesirable C. comforting D. grave
23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.
A. without any objections B. in the end C. in the dark D. against heavy odds
24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field.
A. institutions B. standard C. prestige D. application
25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation
continues.
A. exhausted B. evaluated C. deployed D. popularized
26. Harry Potter was originally _____ for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be
crazy about the book.
A. extended B. intended C. inclined D. directed
27. This experienced author was able to _____ the lifetime's work of Jefferson into one volume.
A. suppress B. compress C. express D. depress
28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can _____ hundreds of different smells.
A. nominate B. dominate C. eliminate D. discriminate
29. The Chinese share the _______ that their life will become better and the country more
prosperous.
A. conviction B. speculation C. elaboration D. perspiration
30. After weeks of ______, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question
of sick benefits.
A. administration B. arbitration C. authorization D. alternation
31. It took this disabled boy a long time to _____ the fact that he was not qualified for admission
to college.
A. come up with B. come down with C. come up to D. come to terms with
32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show______.
A. clockwise B. otherwise C. elsewhere D. likewise
33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _____.
A. involvement B. rebellion C. casualties D. anguish
34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the
mainland are _____.
A. inexplicable B. irreplaceable C. indispensable D. inseparable
35. President Bush said that the most urgent mission was to bring the wrongdoers to ______.
A. justice B. justification C. adjustment D. justifiability
It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to
end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life's
happiness and much of its 36 come from the same source — one's marriage. Indeed, few
things in life have the potential to provide as much 37 or as much anguish. As the
accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 38 .
But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless
others remain 39 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the
last 12 years have been horrible,” 40 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！

is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 41 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of
nearly 25 years said, “My wife has told me that she doesn't love me anymore. She says that if we
can just exist as roommates and each go our 42 ways when it comes to leisure time, the
situation can be 43 .”
Of course, some in such terrible straits 44 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is
45 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace,
finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 46
state.“Unlikely to divorce legally,” she says, “these spouses choose to 47 a partner from
whom they are emotionally divorced.”
Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 48 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction?
Is a loveless marriage the only 49 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled
marriages can be saved — not only from the 50 of breakup but also from the misery of
lovelessness.
36. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth
37. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny
38. A. late B. later C. latter D. last
39. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D. ascended
40. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D. confided
41. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational
42. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided
43. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D. tolerated
44. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray
45. A. in the end C. in the way
B. out of the count D. out of the question
46. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D. loveless
47. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D. keep in with
48. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D. return
49. A. pattern B. destination C. alternative D. route
50. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolition
Passage One
Moviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer's most
anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-creates the Japanese
attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn't the film's only reminder of the
past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps
romance and action around a major historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create
popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty
penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.
Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three
hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men;
In Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a
high-society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben
Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate
(Beckinsale).
The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear
life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled of the Titanic's climactic
sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship
vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the
middle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.
And the jaw- dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor's, 40-minute re-creation of
the Dec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special
effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be
spent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location; Fox
Studios Baja in Mexico.
Harbor's makers have even taken a Titantic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film
includes one song. There You'll be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic,
which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion's
MY Heart Will Go On.
“If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching
for even more historical romance-action material.” says a critic.
51. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.
B. Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.
C. The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.
D. Sinking boats and famous actors.
52. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of the following aspects EXCEPT_____.
A. both spent large amount of money on special effects
B. both have soundtracks starring a major pop star
C. both added made-up stories to historical events
D. both are documentary movies of historical events
53. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?
A. Kate Beckinsale. B. Ben Affleck.
C. Kate Winslet. D. Faith Hill.
54. What does the phrase “cost a pretty penny” in the first paragraph mean?
A. To be very attractive. B. To cost a lot.
C. To have big box office returns. D. To require a lot of effort to accomplish.
55. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?
A. The Battle of Waterloo. B. The Advents of Mr. Bean.
C. Space Invaders. D. The Haunted House.
56. It is said in the passage that ____.
A. major historical events can never repeat themselves
B. both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearance
C. Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than Titanic
D. Titanic is the most successful film in history
Passage Two
A few weeks ago my mother called to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was
mystified. I’d like to think myself dangerous but I’m a mild- mannered journalist. I don't have a
criminal record, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s - thus the “raid.” I
hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled the scene after backing a Jeep into a crowd
of people.
But this is Mayor Giuliani s New York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of
cops. New Yorkers know all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approaching
drivers and offering to clean their windshields. H’s also cracked down on street vendors. Yuppie
that 1 am. I’ve never given much thought to what it felt like to be on the other side of the law.
So when the cops came knocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my
embarrassment upon discovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of
apartment after dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up and wrote
me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws. Yeah. I probably should
have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck the pink slip in my back pocket and forgot about
it.
When I called to inquire about my case. I was told to “speak with Officer Kosenza.” But I
didn’t get a chance. Kosenza called me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend.
He wanted me to come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s police are in
a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it's getting harder and harder for cops to “make the
numbers” that show they’re doing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle
through out-of-date tickets that haven’t been paid – anything they could turn into a “crime.” I
finally decided to turn myself in. which is how 1 found myself, one August evening, handcuffed
at the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us tales of his days in the
1980s. “Times sure have changed.” he said, shaking his head at us statistically useful nuisances.
Eventually I was led into a courtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the
door. I wanted to complain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty of
for another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Giuliani s clean streets come
with a price. If only the mayor would neglect to pay a ticket.
57. According to the passage, the author is probably _____.
A. an urban young professional
B. a narrow-minded journalist
C. a criminal wanted by the police
D. a traffic offender
58. The author was arrested primarily because _____.
A. he once stuck a piece of pink paper in his back pocket
B. he used his mother's address on the driver's license

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
C. he had robbed convenience shops before
D. he drank some beer one night on the street
59. The word
A. mild-mannered prisoners
B. trouble makers
C. new arrivals
D. hardened criminals
60. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that _____.
A. New York policemen are doing a good job cracking down on crimes
B. not everyone agrees with the mayor's management of the city
C. the crime rate has been reduced at the expense of citizens' convenience
D. everyone including the mayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime
61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The author pleaded guilty and was set free.
B. Policemen were trying hard to please their superiors.
C. Many so-called crimes were only trifle things.
D. It's no use complaining to cops when you are caught.
62. The tone of the passage is ______.
A. satirical B. objective C. praiseful D. complaining
Passage Three
Ewen Cameron is long dead but his ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily
strict rules are being considered to protect the subjects of psychological research.
Cameron was a scientist straight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable
academic. But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials,
superficially to examine Rudolf Hess's psychological state. Many people believe that he also
studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he never internalized the Nuremberg
declaration that prohibits human experiments where risk outweighs “humanitarian importance.”
Throughout the 1950s, Cameron ran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where
patients were used as guinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT
“therapy” twice daily, others were drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or months, injected
with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensory deprivation.
Compensation has been paid to most surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological
sciences has not entirely gone away. Nor has the need for patients’ rights to be guaranteed.
Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, even though many were not
in position to understand what it meant.
The strict new rules for psychological research now under discussion can partly be
understood in the light of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that no one
can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.
All well and good, except that psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can
leave an experiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, many psychological experiments
would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactly what they were testing.
There is much to debate about the rights of patients and experimental subjects. The
committee drawing up the code has apparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.
No one should do anything until this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest
and study these submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.
63. According to the author, we may conclude that _____.
A. Cameron was a dedicated and responsible scientist
B. Cameron was interested in unveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological state
C. Cameron tried to ensure that his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the
experiments
D. Cameron unmistakably violated the subjects’ rights
64. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the second paragraph?
A. Cameron’s appearance might misrepresent his true personality.
B. Probing into the psychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s profession.
C. Cameron did not observe the stipulation relating to human experiments.
D. People believed that he had undisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.
65. We can infer from this passage that _____.
A. making compensation for the subjects’ loss was illegal
B. some subjects in Cameron’s experiments died
C. people have been quite indifferent to the subjects’ rights

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
D. as a rule, people are fully supportive of psychological sciences
66. The committee responsible for working out the rules governing psychological research
_____.
A. has to give top priority to psychological advances
B. is bombarded with criticisms from the public
C. is expected to take into account all the reactions to the drafting
D. should rely on those willing to sacrifice their own interests
67. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological research is that _____.
A. the rules can do little to protect the patients’ rights
B. people may withdraw from the experiments in fear of damage to their own interests
C. it would be impossible to sort out anything valuable from the comments on the rules
D. people’s response to psychological sciences is overwhelmingly negative
Passage Four
Some accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over
for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a
computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on film — as is the case at
hundreds of intersections in more than 60 cities around the U. S. — it's hard to talk your way out
of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing
last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so- called red-light cameras
were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.
The first U. S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on camera, the ruling
by judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments
swear, and studies indicate, that the robocams (robot cameras) deter people from speeding and
running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans
support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, and
opponents — ranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties
Union — argue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.
Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that
handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violations — often with minimal
police oversight — and have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies
get paid as much as $$ 70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has
got in $$15. 9 million since October 1998, and Washington $$12. 8 million since August 1999. “It's
all about money,” says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer,
Washington's executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is
making money off that, that is American way.”
Critics counter that there must be other, less intrusive ways to make intersections safer, such
as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. “I object to this fixation we have with
cameras and electronically gathered information,” says Barr. “It places too much confidence in
technology.” That confidence, as Washington residents have learned, can be misplaced. The city
removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly
confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than
they really were. The city suspended the system in July.
Another concern is privacy. While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina
photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a
picture of the driver s seat as well — a bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying
spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic violation.
In Europe, where speedcams are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than
they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out
hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.
68. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph that _____.
A. people respond differently when caught in traffic offense
B. motorists can be wrongly accused by police officers
C. speeders cannot defend themselves before red-light cameras
D. computer-driven cameras sometimes do tell lies
69. The court decision last week _____.
A. triggered a dispute over the use of robocams
B. immuned few camera-caught violators from punishment
C. found fewer red-light camera supporters in America
D. deterred some states from implementing camera devices
70. Opponents’ arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _____.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. they intrude into people’s privacy
B. they give priority to the pursuit of profit
C. they are operated by private firms
D. they are under the supervision of police
71. Police department believes that _____.
A. robocams should not be operated by private firms
B. robocams arc effective in maintaining traffic order
C. speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalities
D. companies operating cameras should riot pursue money only
72. The phrase “chump change” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. trivial B. moderate C. enormous D. indefinite
73. According to the passage. Bob Barr _____.
A. is the majority leader in the House of Representatives
B. is strongly against the American way of making money
C. lacks confidence in modern technology
D. doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information
74. The writer s attitude towards speedcams can be best expressed as _____.
A. positive B. negative C. indifferent D. uncertain
75. Drivers in European countries _____.
A. get angry at the red-light cameras
B. destroy thousands of the speedcams
C. take the initiative in the use of speedcams
D. take drastic measures with speedcams
Passage Five
Now and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set
up camp in more familiar territory. Such expeditions don’t often yield surprises, but it’s always
reassuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.
Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony
Brook. To prove their theory — that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer
than a superior — they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes
about when they got angry and what they did about it.
The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure,
and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends.
While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody
had ever looked at anger this way before.
Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National
Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that
when one person hurts another, forgiveness “is associated with restored relational closeness
following an interpersonal transgression.” Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up
strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their
actions.
Psychologists, however, aren’t the only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.
Some boldly going where few have gone don’t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years,
researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to
data from stations on the Ross Ice Shelf — where almost all those taking part in Robert Scott's
ill-fated South Pole expedition perished sometime between late February and mid- March of 1912
— temperatures as low as those recorded in Scott’s journal have been documented only once in
the past 15 years.
This evidence led to one inexorable conclusion about what killed Scott and most of his party:
it was the cold.
76. According to the author, the scientists who do researches in more familiar territory _____.
A. have confirmed what we have already known
B. have looked at things in new ways
C. have had important discoveries by studying the obvious
D. have done some useless work
77. Which of the following is NOT true according to the psychologists at Stony Brook?
A. When people get angry, their blood pressure changes.
B. People are less likely to show their anger to their family members.
C. People tend to let off their grievance at home.
D. They have looked at anger in a unique way.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
78. The psychologists in Maryland have proved that when one person hurts another, ______.
A. it is easier for them to make up if they have very close relations
B. it is easier for them to make up if they show their intimacy
C. they should kiss each other to make it up
D. they should find a sound scientific basis to make up
79. According to the research on the Ross Ice Shelf, Robert Scott’s expedition failed because
_____.
A. most of the expeditioners couldn't stand hardships
B. Robert Scott should not have chosen to go there in winter
C. it was exceptionally cold on Antarctica that year
D. Robert Scott did not pay much attention to the temperature record of Antarctica
80. It is implied in the passage that _____.
A. people should not bottle up their anger at their family members or friends
B. bold researches would lead to radical conclusions
C. what scientists say is not necessarily important
D. researchers should shift from the edge of knowledge to familiar fields
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on
how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are
almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few years, and then they’re at a
loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly
dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It's inherent in the type of
business.”
In many corners of Silicon Valley — and elsewhere — unpredictability is inevitable. One
solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a
“very strong service business,” a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between
innovations.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
4年来，中国两次成功地克服了全球经济衰退（reces sion）的冲击，实现了经济持续快
速增长。目前，中国面临的问题是如何将国内13亿人口变成真正 意义上的消费者，从而开
辟更广阔的国内市场。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions：Write a composition of approximately 150 words according to the topic given below:
TOPIC:
Studying abroad has gained popularity in China. In the past, many students went abroad
after their college education. Currently, those going abroad are mostly middle-school students
aged 16~19. Do you think it is a good idea for the teenagers to study at broad? Give at least three
reasons to support your viewpoint.
2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
1
6. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.
A. reveal B. underline C. improve D. integrate
17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.
A. justice B. bias C participation D. regionalism
ale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.
A. considered B. stipulated C raised D. stimulated
19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.
A. set foot on B. lose their heart to C. set their mind on D. get hold of
20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.
A. approximately B. exactly C. less than D. more than
21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.
A. pulled out B. pulled in C. pulled down D. pulled up
22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
A. observe B. memorize C. comment D. request
23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the
human brain.
A. likeness B. relation C. contradiction D. difference
24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in
some aspects.
A. practically B. wonderfully C. beneficially D. seemingly

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
25. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.
A. so-called B. well-known C. esteemed D. undoubted
Section B (0. 5 point each)
2
6. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig's genetic _.
A. reservoir B. warehouse C. pool D. storehouse
27. The chairman said that he was prepared to the younger people in the decision making.
A. put up with B. make way for
C. shed light on D. lake charge of
28. Tom is angry at Linda because she him all the time.
A. sets... up B. puts…down C. runs…out D. drops...in
29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a._ characteristic of intelligence.
A. defining B .declining C. defeating D. deceiving
30. Our picnic having been by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it
cleared up.
A. destroyed B. undermined C. spoilt D. contaminated
31. 1 was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of were pretty ordinary.
A. despised B. resented C worshipped D. ridiculed
32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s with a group.
A. specification B. unification C notification D. identification
33. The . from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the
soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.
A. brain damage B. brain trust C. brain fever D. brain drain
34. This matter settled, we decided to to the next item on the agenda.
A. succeed B. exceed C. proceed D. precede
35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often_ you for
being a good conversationalist.
A. complement B. compliment C. compel D. complain
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)
Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for
ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements.
Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37.
Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three
hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they
will have been 39 360.000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms,
and schools.
Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high
speed 41 . Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42
basketball player earned $$ 3. 9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that
much to 43 their products.
There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses, and trucks. They dec-
orate the inside of taxis and subways—even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to
us in supermarkets, stores, elevators— and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some
countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly
from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail.
47 Insider's Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency,
the estimated 48 _of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $$ 275.5
billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $$411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected
$$434.4 billion for 1998. Big money!
What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 50 it this way:
most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images,
values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and
our attitudes shape our behavior.
36. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually
37. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. commodities
38. A. through B. up C. in D. about
39. A. taken to B. spent in C .expected of D. exposed to
40. A. incidents B .affairs C. events D. programs
41. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages
42. A. top-heavy B. lop-talented C. top-secret D. top-ranking
43. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
44. A. Audio B. Studio
45. A. since B. while
16. A. toss out B. lay down
47. A. It is said that B. Apart from
48. A. digit B. amount
49. A. raised B. elevated
50. A. said B. recorded
C. Oral D. Video
C. even D. if
C. blow out D. break down
C. According to D. Including in
C. account D. budget
C. roared D. soared
C. told D. put
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage On
For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising,
since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these
immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.
Historian John Keegan writes. ''Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945. killed no
one. The 50,000.000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed
by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the
transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons
have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where
drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow
to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.
Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason
lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the
1990s took place in countries that are poor too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems.
Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is
approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault
rifles.
Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single
rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and
maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child
can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.
The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some
African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars' worth of small arms and
light weapons- not with money, hut with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.
Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal
organizations lo use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns
in the other.
51. It is implied in the passage that________.
A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control
B. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement
C. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished
D. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago
52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because.._______.
A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism
B. They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons
C .They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time
D. They face other more important problems such as pollution?
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?
A. Small arms are cheap.
B. Small arms arc powerful.
C. Small arms are easier to use,
D. Small arms are easier to get.
54. We can conclude from the passage that ___.
A. small arms are not expensive in the black-market
B. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond
C .criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms
D. where there are drugs, there are small arms
55. The best title for this passage is________,
A. Small Arms Talks. Not Nuclear Arms Talks
B. Neglect of Small Arms Control
C. Global Traffic in Small Arms
D. Small Arms. Big Problems

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Passage Two
In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are
developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world
market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to
hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What has been a consequence?
Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who
take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to
using other methods of medical treatment.
In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are
now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies.
that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling.
said Consumer Reports of May 2000.
The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) observed.
therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in
medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national
attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public,
In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical
practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on
alternative medicine, including Harvard. Stanford. University of Arizona, and Yale.
JAMA noted.
condition also used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is
popular throughout the industrialized world.
The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a
general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded,
medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine.
56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies .
A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugs
B. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years
C. spend more money on their advertisements than on their products
D. have produced some ineffective drugs
57. The sentence
implies that ,
A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished
B. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs
C. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable
D. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies
58. According to the passage, alternative therapies .
A. axe widely taught in the U. S. medical schools now
B. have been approved by U. S. government
C. have been used by many American patients
D. are as popular as conventional medicine
59. JAMA seems to suggest that .
A. U. S- government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies
B. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients
C .pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies
D. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands
60. It is implied in the passage that .
A. we should take as little western medicine as possible
B. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced
C. herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans
D. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not he guaranteed
Passage Three
Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting
life, scientists announced last week.
The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our
home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off
planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.
Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered.
Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and
of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out
how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.
Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded
them with hypothetical Earths in
to support life.
The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its
temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely lo survive.
The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae
Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.
Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris- one is two and half
times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the
Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and
brighter than the sun.

requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in
a liquid state,
NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years
which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planet.-..
61. It is suggested in this passage that .
A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our
galaxy
B. theoretically there are a great number of Earth- like planets capable of supporting
life
C. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life
D. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe
62. The
A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun
B. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for life
C. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight
D. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system
63. Barrie Jones And Nick Sleep have found .
A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun
B. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter
C. the ways lo tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets
D. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems
64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _ _.
A. in the group of stars known as Great Bear
B. 2. 5 times as big as Jupiter
C. smaller than our system
D. impossible for us to reach at present time.
65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone m any solar system
is that it must have .
A. enough water and proper temperature B. enough oxygen and hydrogen
C. enough air and sunlight D. enough water in any slate
Passage Four
Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices. Vice President Al Gore has another
idea to get people out of their cars- Spend billions on mass transit- $$25 billion to be exact. Last
week. Gore unveiled his
upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed

choice.
The federal government has been trying to
Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail
systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do
much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned
transit systems. Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.
The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass
transit can be. Yet Portland s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model.
Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a
multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro s own figures, the light-rail system is doing

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus.
Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $$62 per round trip.
Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the
cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.
66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems .
A. are characterized by low consumption of gasoline
B. have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic
C. aim at monitoring the public traffic
D. are financially profitable
67. What does the author say about the federal government?
A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.
B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.
C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.
D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.
68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?
A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.
B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.
C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.
D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.
69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression
means .
A. an incredible story B. an untrue story
C. a story giving a warning D. a story teaching a moral lesson
70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?
A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.
B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic
congestion.
C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light- rail
system.
D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.
Passage Five
In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines
of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive,
that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and
permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.
Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious
relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and
deadly enemies, then business has no long- range future. It is self-evident that government, as the
only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle
that is reduced to naked power.
A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and
government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other.
Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own
regularities of procedure and behavior but at bottom these rest up on more fundamental patterns
of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.
The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct
responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern,
government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly
inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society's sole purpose is to achieve a bare
survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of
economic arrangements.
71. Many people think government and business are ,
A. the struggle between the two parties has always existed
B. they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries
C. they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities
D. the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end
72. The third paragraph mainly discusses .
A. how government and business depend on each other
B. why social order is important to business activities
C. why it is necessary for business to rely on government

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
D. how business can develop and maintain order
73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?
A. They mostly aim at helping people to survive.
B. They can be conducted as well as those by business.
C. They are the ones that business cannot do well.
D. They are comparatively modern phenomena.
74. We can conclude from the passage that ,
A. it is difficult for government and business to have good relations
B. it is difficult to study the relations between government and business
C. government should dominate economic activities
D. government and business should not oppose each other
Passage Six
Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it's got to be done,
but the price can be high.
Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former
employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive.
So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it
is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks.
Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car
industries.
The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one
thing in common-they fought powerful vested interests (既得利益者) with scientific data that
those interests wished would go away.
Commercial companies are not. of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments
have a habit of backing the ideas of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version:
scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of
those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.
For example, Alfred Wegener's idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet
was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. This idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s,
when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for
his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE (疯牛病) were caused by a
protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally, in 1997, he
received a Nobel Prize for his idea.
Western science has always thrived on individualism-one person's ambition to topple a theory.
So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their
institutions.
With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university
research-- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research..
Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more difficult.
Yet we cannot afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if
governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link
between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and
premature death.
75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that .
A. individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives
B. personality plays a crucial role in the advances of science
C. originality of thinking is the key to the advances of science
D. the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements
76. Jeffrey Wigand's idea about the nature of cigarette .
A. was similar to that of the tobacco company
B. sounded ridiculous to the general pubic
C. was reached purely out of personal interests
D. should he regarded as scientifically true
77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because .
A. his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company
B. he had been eager to defeat his company
C. his idea was scientifically invalid
D. he had long been an enemy of the company
78. The underlined phrase ctonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to
A .the study of the structure of the earth

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. scientific study of the climate of the earth
C. the theory that the earth s surface consists of plates in constant motion
D. the theory that the earth's surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body
79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that .
A. governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies
B. scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests
C. scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted
D. scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs
80. The author seems to be suggesting that .
A. the vested interests are sometimes an obstacle to the progress of science
B. governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment
C. a timely response to people's demand is appreciated by the academia
D. the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we do not stand against
terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists
by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building
an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world's people.
The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and
the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region
are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And
this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.
S
也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉的家书措辞不够优美，气息也不够现代，其实这正是
我们所需要的，毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去的，那亘古不变的魔力足以超出
我们的想像。
TOPIC: The Increase in Graduate Students' Enrollment

Study the following chart carefully, then write a composition to:
(1) describe the changes in the graduate students' enrollment in the past four years;
(2) give possible reasons for the changes.
2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
1
6. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.
A. reveal B. underline C. improve D. integrate
17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.
A. justice B. bias C participation D. regionalism
ale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.
A. considered B. stipulated C raised D. stimulated
19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.
A. set foot on B. lose their heart to C. set their mind on D. get hold of
20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.
A. approximately B. exactly C. less than D. more than
21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.
A. pulled out B. pulled in C. pulled down D. pulled up
22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
A. observe B. memorize C. comment D. request
23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the
human brain.
A. likeness B. relation C. contradiction D. difference
24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in
some aspects.
A. practically B. wonderfully C. beneficially D. seemingly
25. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.
A. so-called B. well-known C. esteemed D. undoubted
Section B (0. 5 point each)
2
6. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig's genetic _.
A. reservoir B. warehouse C. pool D. storehouse
27. The chairman said that he was prepared to the younger people in the decision making.
A. put up with B. make way for
C. shed light on D. lake charge of

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
28. Tom is angry at Linda because she him all the time.
A. sets... up B. puts…down C. runs…out D. drops...in
29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a._ characteristic of intelligence.
A. defining B .declining C. defeating D. deceiving
30. Our picnic having been by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it
cleared up.
A. destroyed B. undermined C. spoilt D. contaminated
31. 1 was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of were pretty ordinary.
A. despised B. resented C worshipped D. ridiculed
32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s with a group.
A. specification B. unification C notification D. identification
33. The . from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the
soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.
A. brain damage B. brain trust C. brain fever D. brain drain
34. This matter settled, we decided to to the next item on the agenda.
A. succeed B. exceed C. proceed D. precede
35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often_ you for
being a good conversationalist.
A. complement B. compliment C. compel D. complain
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)
Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for
ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements.
Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37.
Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three
hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they
will have been 39 360.000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms,
and schools.
Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high
speed 41 . Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42
basketball player earned $$ 3. 9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that
much to 43 their products.
There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses, and trucks. They dec-
orate the inside of taxis and subways—even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to
us in supermarkets, stores, elevators— and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some
countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly
from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail.
47 Insider's Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency,
the estimated 48 _of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $$ 275.5
billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $$411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected
$$434.4 billion for 1998. Big money!
What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 50 it this way:
most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images,
values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and
our attitudes shape our behavior.
36. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually
37. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. commodities
38. A. through B. up C. in D. about
39. A. taken to B. spent in C .expected of D. exposed to
40. A. incidents B .affairs C. events D. programs
41. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages
42. A. top-heavy B. lop-talented C. top-secret D. top-ranking
43. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update
44. A. Audio B. Studio C. Oral D. Video
45. A. since B. while C. even D. if
16. A. toss out B. lay down C. blow out D. break down
47. A. It is said that B. Apart from C. According to D. Including in
48. A. digit B. amount C. account D. budget
49. A. raised B. elevated C. roared D. soared
50. A. said B. recorded C. told D. put
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Passage On
For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising,
since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these
immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.
Historian John Keegan writes. ''Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945. killed no
one. The 50,000.000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed
by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the
transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons
have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where
drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow
to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.
Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason
lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the
1990s took place in countries that are poor too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems.
Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is
approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault
rifles.
Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single
rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and
maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child
can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.
The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some
African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars' worth of small arms and
light weapons- not with money, hut with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.
Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal
organizations lo use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns
in the other.
51. It is implied in the passage that________.
A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control
B. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement
C. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished
D. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago
52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because.._______.
A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism
B. They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons
C .They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time
D. They face other more important problems such as pollution?
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?
A. Small arms are cheap.
B. Small arms arc powerful.
C. Small arms are easier to use,
D. Small arms are easier to get.
54. We can conclude from the passage that ___.
A. small arms are not expensive in the black-market
B. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond
C .criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms
D. where there are drugs, there are small arms
55. The best title for this passage is________,
A. Small Arms Talks. Not Nuclear Arms Talks
B. Neglect of Small Arms Control
C. Global Traffic in Small Arms
D. Small Arms. Big Problems
Passage Two
In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are
developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world
market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to
hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What has been a consequence?
Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who
take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to
using other methods of medical treatment.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are
now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies.
that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling.
said Consumer Reports of May 2000.
The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) observed.
therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in
medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national
attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public,
In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical
practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on
alternative medicine, including Harvard. Stanford. University of Arizona, and Yale.
JAMA noted.
condition also used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is
popular throughout the industrialized world.
The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a
general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded,
medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine.
56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies .
A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugs
B. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years
C. spend more money on their advertisements than on their products
D. have produced some ineffective drugs
57. The sentence
implies that ,
A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished
B. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs
C. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable
D. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies
58. According to the passage, alternative therapies .
A. axe widely taught in the U. S. medical schools now
B. have been approved by U. S. government
C. have been used by many American patients
D. are as popular as conventional medicine
59. JAMA seems to suggest that .
A. U. S- government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies
B. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients
C .pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies
D. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands
60. It is implied in the passage that .
A. we should take as little western medicine as possible
B. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced
C. herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans
D. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not he guaranteed
Passage Three
Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting
life, scientists announced last week.
The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our
home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off
planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.
Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered.
Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and
of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.
Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out
how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.
Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded
them with hypothetical Earths in
to support life.
The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its
temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely lo survive.
The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.
Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris-one is two and half
times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the
Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and
brighter than the sun.

requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in
a liquid state,
NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years
which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planet.-..
61. It is suggested in this passage that .
A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our
galaxy
B. theoretically there are a great number of Earth- like planets capable of supporting
life
C. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life
D. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe
62. The
A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun
B. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for life
C. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight
D. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system
63. Barrie Jones And Nick Sleep have found .
A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun
B. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter
C. the ways lo tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets
D. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems
64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _ _.
A. in the group of stars known as Great Bear
B. 2. 5 times as big as Jupiter
C. smaller than our system
D. impossible for us to reach at present time.
65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone m any solar system
is that it must have .
A. enough water and proper temperature B. enough oxygen and hydrogen
C. enough air and sunlight D. enough water in any slate
Passage Four
Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices. Vice President Al Gore has another
idea to get people out of their cars- Spend billions on mass transit- $$25 billion to be exact. Last
week. Gore unveiled his
upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed

choice.
The federal government has been trying to
Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail
systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do
much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned
transit systems. Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.
The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass
transit can be. Yet Portland s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model.
Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a
multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro s own figures, the light-rail system is doing
little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus.
Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $$62 per round trip.
Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the
cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.
66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems .
A. are characterized by low consumption of gasoline
B. have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic
C. aim at monitoring the public traffic

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
D. are financially profitable
67. What does the author say about the federal government?
A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.
B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.
C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.
D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.
68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?
A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.
B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.
C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.
D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.
69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression
means .
A. an incredible story B. an untrue story
C. a story giving a warning D. a story teaching a moral lesson
70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?
A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.
B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic
congestion.
C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light- rail
system.
D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.
Passage Five
In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines
of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive,
that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and
permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.
Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious
relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and
deadly enemies, then business has no long- range future. It is self-evident that government, as the
only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle
that is reduced to naked power.
A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and
government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other.
Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own
regularities of procedure and behavior but at bottom these rest up on more fundamental patterns
of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.
The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct
responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern,
government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly
inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society's sole purpose is to achieve a bare
survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of
economic arrangements.
71. Many people think government and business are ,
A. the struggle between the two parties has always existed
B. they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries
C. they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities
D. the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end
72. The third paragraph mainly discusses .
A. how government and business depend on each other
B. why social order is important to business activities
C. why it is necessary for business to rely on government
D. how business can develop and maintain order
73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?
A. They mostly aim at helping people to survive.
B. They can be conducted as well as those by business.
C. They are the ones that business cannot do well.
D. They are comparatively modern phenomena.
74. We can conclude from the passage that ,
A. it is difficult for government and business to have good relations

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. it is difficult to study the relations between government and business
C. government should dominate economic activities
D. government and business should not oppose each other
Passage Six
Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it's got to be done,
but the price can be high.
Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former
employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive.
So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it
is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks.
Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car
industries.
The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one
thing in common-they fought powerful vested interests (既得利益者) with scientific data that
those interests wished would go away.
Commercial companies are not. of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments
have a habit of backing the ideas of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version:
scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of
those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.
For example, Alfred Wegener's idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet
was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. This idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s,
when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for
his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE (疯牛病) were caused by a
protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally, in 1997, he
received a Nobel Prize for his idea.
Western science has always thrived on individualism-one person's ambition to topple a theory.
So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their
institutions.
With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university
research-- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research..
Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more difficult.
Yet we cannot afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if
governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link
between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and
premature death.
75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that .
A. individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives
B. personality plays a crucial role in the advances of science
C. originality of thinking is the key to the advances of science
D. the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements
76. Jeffrey Wigand's idea about the nature of cigarette .
A. was similar to that of the tobacco company
B. sounded ridiculous to the general pubic
C. was reached purely out of personal interests
D. should he regarded as scientifically true
77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because .
A. his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company
B. he had been eager to defeat his company
C. his idea was scientifically invalid
D. he had long been an enemy of the company
78. The underlined phrase ctonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to
A .the study of the structure of the earth
B. scientific study of the climate of the earth
C. the theory that the earth s surface consists of plates in constant motion
D. the theory that the earth's surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body
79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that .
A. governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies
B. scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests
C. scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted
D. scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
80. The author seems to be suggesting that .
A. the vested interests are sometimes an obstacle to the progress of science
B. governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment
C. a timely response to people's demand is appreciated by the academia
D. the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we do not stand against
terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists
by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building
an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world's people.
The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and
the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region
are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And
this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.
S
也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉的家书措辞不够优美，气息也不 够现代，其实这正是
我们所需要的，毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去的，那亘古不变的魔力足以 超出
我们的想像。
TOPIC: The Increase in Graduate Students' Enrollment

Study the following chart carefully, then write a composition to:
(1) describe the changes in the graduate students' enrollment in the past four years;
(2) give possible reasons for the changes.
2003年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )
21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more
vulnerable to terrorist attacks.
A. declaring B. verifying C. making D. indicating
22. The 8. 5-ton Shenzhou Ⅲ spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the
life- support system.
A. technologically B. considerably C. structurally D. internally
23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.
A. compose B. overthrow C. dispose D. surpass
24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.
A. participate in B. cater to C. indulge in D. see to
25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.
A. astonishing B. humiliating C. noticeable D. fleeting
26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much
attention.
A. carried on B. taken on C. worked on D. embarked on
27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated
simultaneously.
A. once in a while B. at the same time
C. in a broad seller D. as soon as possible
28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.
A. specific B. active C. creative D. confident
29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff.
A. proficiency B. grasp C. efficiency D. competition
30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.
A. set apart B. leave out C. go about D. put up
Section B (0. 5 point each)
31. Some of the old customs have continued ______ politeness although they are no longer
thought about now.
A. in the way of B. in the eyes of
C. in the face of D. in the form of
32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one's ________ with a group.
A. identification B. specification C. introduction D. superstition
33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association
that schools should continue to test, if they so choose.
A. preserves B. safeguards C. maintains D. conserves

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for anyone with
the Internet________.
A. entrance B. admission C. access D. involvement
35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of .
A. mobility B. morality C. maturity D. mortality
36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are lives can be saved.
A. impulsive B. responsive C. destructive D. speculative
37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were by wild animals.
A. resided B. inhabited C. segregated D. exhibited
38. Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours if
possible.
A. on purpose B. on hand C. on credit D. on end
39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature .
A. reserves B. preservatives C. conservatives D. reservations
40. The young lady is Mr. Smith's step-daughter, her parents having died in an accident.
A. ecological B. psychological C. physiological D. biological
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)
No one knows for sure whether the type of tea you drink makes a difference in health, but
experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of
antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance to
change its chemical 43 . But, the way tea is processed can change antioxidant levels 44
color and taste.
Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green
tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed to fully oxidize and ferment (发酵)
the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in
health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of
teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plant, which are still covered with whitish hairs
when they're picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black teas
contain only about half as much caffeine as coffee.
Herbal teas are something 49 different. They arc made from the leaves, flowers or roots
of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects.
41. A. advantages B. benefits C. merits D. profits
42. A. where it B. that C. which D. when it
43. A. elements B. ingredients C. fragment D. composition
44. A. as well as B. as it is C. as far as D. as it were
45. A. faint B. mild C. tender D. gentle
46. A. joins in B. hands in C. results in D. gives in
47. A. composes of B. makes out C. makes up D. consists of
48. A. less B. the least C. more D. the most
49. A. entirely B. inevitably C. enormously D. irresistibly
50. A. in case of B. in proportion to C. in exchange for D. in terms of
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage One
Singletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well- meaning friends
and family and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that
they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.
A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living
alone is putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.
For a number of reasons—relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller
families—the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable
pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal
species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system
just for selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over- populated planet.
efficiency of resource consumption
because they share everything. Well imagine that. Just when you thought living alone was OK,
you would find that all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle
on the stove for a cup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your
mother who is a bit worried by your continuing single status—you are letting down the entire
human race by not having a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group
instinct and people panic and hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
away from the
The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are
assimilated into a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.
Try
time,laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV series
Friends.
And the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your
own is not allowed.
51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that .
A. they should end their singledom as soon as possible
B. they should live together with other singletons
C. singledom is an acceptable life-style
D. singledom can shorten one's life-span
52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as
mentioned in the passage?
A. Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.
B. Now people can afford to support a household individually.
C. Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.
D. Many people live much longer than before.
53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is .
A. harmful to people's life B. destructive to our ecosystem
C. dangerous to plants and animals D. unworkable in our society
54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually .
A. self-reliant B. self- conscious
C. self-sufficient D. self-centered
55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is .
A. abnormal B. diversified C. unimaginable D. disgusting
56. The author suggests that singletons should .
A. find boy friends or girl friends
B. live with their parents and other family members
C. live together and share more with their friends
D. watch more episodes of the TV series Friends
Passage Two
In 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next big
issue: Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel's brother had become blind
from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a
disorder passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance of
having the condition. A girl would lie unaffected. The British couple's inquiries about sex
selection led them to Virginia, U. S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort,
was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now
they will try lo have a second daughter using the same technique.
The technique separates sperm into two groups—those that carry the X-chromosome (染色
体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.
The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of a laboratory in January 2003 in
California marked the company's first expansion.
this technology is greater than those who have access to it,
clinical director.
This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child's gender. It also brings a host of
ethical (伦理的) and practical considerations—especially for the majority of families who use the
technique for nonmedical reasons.
The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-
linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a child to
having a baby of the opposite sex.
Blauer said the company has had an impressive success rate: 91 percent of the women who
become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and
get pregnant are successful.
The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y
chromosome. A machine is used to distinguish the size differences and sort the sperm
accordingly.
57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. Because they might give birth lo a blind baby.
B. Because Carl might pass his family's disease to his son.
C. Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.
D. Because they warned a daughter to balance their family.
58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique .
A. had already been well-developed B. had not been declared successful
C. was available to those who wanted it D. had been widely accepted in the medical
world
59. Which of the following is the author's primary concern regarding the application of the new
technology?
A. The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.
B. Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.
C. The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.
D. Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population.
60. According to Mr. Blauer. by using the new technology, .
A. 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls
B. 76% of the women get pregnant with boys
C. it is more successful for those who want to have girls
D. it is more successful for those who want to have boys
61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for
babies' sex .
A. are of different shapes B. are of different sizes
C. can be identified D. can be reproduced
62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology .
A. may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire
B. is used by most families for nonmedical reasons
C. has brought an insoluble ethical dilemma for mankind
D. will lead to a larger proportion of females in the population
Passage Three
Without question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time—particularly at the
top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock
each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due
course become the biggest bargains.
It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide
exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left on his hands and be glad to
sell the lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to
make up and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost
merely to keep his employees busy during a slack period. He is likely to have a good many

Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to
be extra critical. For example the
they were perfect. (The term
than
price which is in fact fictitious. Misdescription of this and all other kinds is much practiced by
the men who run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the
district the day after the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may
say 100 leftwhen in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say at
half-price
buyer beware
63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?
A. Cheapest goods. B. Newest goods.
C. Seasonal goods. D. Goods in stock.
64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT .
A. surplus goods B. low-cost goods
C. the end lot goods D. exceptionally valued goods
65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may .
A. have his goods produced at low cost
B. sell his goods at a very low price
C. have his employees sell his goods
D. try to produce high quality goods

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
66. The passage suggest-, that
A. are of better quality than
B. attract buyers as particularly good bargains
C. are defective but marked as perfect
D. are goods with serious defects
67. The word .
A. dressing again B. change of address
C. compensation for something wrong D. selling the same product at different prices
68. During sales shoppers should .
A. find the best bargains at every opportunity B. beware of being cheated
C. buy things that are necessary D. pay more attention to the price
Passage Four
How many of today's ailments, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can
these be alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the
emotional problems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat by the use of
anti-depressants but he would not remove the root cause of their depression—the feeling of being
useless, often unwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.
One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and
particularly psychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for
merely that drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects (as
happened in the case of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers) but the uneasiness of
doctors who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease
itself. On the other hand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases (such as chronic depressive
illness) it is impossible to get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state.
Even prolonged psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be
lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not
only that they have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause of depression can
be tackled better when the |patient himself feels better. This controversy is concerned, however,
with the serious psychological illnesses. It does not solve the problem of those whose headaches,
indigestion, backache, etc. are due to Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe
them to some physical cause and as a matter of routine prescribe a drug. Once again the
symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.
It may he true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come
to the ordinary doctor's attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is
serious indeed.
69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills .
A. could be ineffective in some cases B. usually have harmful side
effects
C. can greatly alleviate the illnesses D. can remove the root causes
70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on .
A. whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients
B. how psychologists should treat their patients
C. the fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effects
D. the extent to which drugs should be used lo fight psychological illness
71. The passage indicates that psychologists .
A. find it impossible to remove a psychological disease
B. feel dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs
C. believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored
D. can do nothing if the patient is in a depressed state
72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they .
A. are at a loss for treatment
B. have no right to use drugs
C. have to cure their patients by any means
D. should use drugs lo treat the symptoms
73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of .
A. a more serious disease B. some emotional problem
C. a physical disorder D. prolonged work
74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels .
A. concerned B. hopeless C. surprised D. disappointed
Passage Five

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Those who make the rules for financial institutions probably should take a modified oath.
Their pledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me are unclear, don't
approve them.
Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a
dim light on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve us a wake-up call for true believers in
our current regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which
Morris seems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.
Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and
again, how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into
mortgage, currency, thrift (互助储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of
Regulation Q, an attempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by
regulating interest rates, reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep
harm such foolish thinking can do to the real economy.
After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers,
Morris draws some pessimistic conclusions:
responses come only after a crisis hits its example, it the S&.L crisis of the
1980s to bring honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn't until the banking sector suffered huge
losses in real estate sad foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.
So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation
gone bad, asserts that regulation is absolutely necessary, that it is the essential plumbing in our
economic house. Nevertheless, Mr. Morris should have noticed that plumbing requires plumbers,
and while a good one can keep a house functional, a rotten plumber can turn a minor drip into a
ruinous flood.
75. The passage is primarily concerned with .
A. recommending Morris's new book
B. criticizing Morris's attitude to regulations
C. describing current economic situations
D. commenting on financial regulators
76. Which of the following is true of Money, Greed and Risk?
A. It discusses the importance of plumbing in keeping a house functional.
B. It describes a great number of financial disasters in detail.
C. It analyses the reasons for regulating the banking industry.
D. It emphasizes the flaws in the financial system of the 1930s.
77. Regulation Q is quoted in the passage mainly to .
A. demonstrate what kind of examples Morris has cited in his book
B. illustrate that misguided policies can be very harmful to economy
C. support Morris's statement about the incompetence of Congressmen and bankers
D. refute Morris's conclusion about the foolishness of the government regulations
78. The government regulations often fail to bring the desired result partly because .
A. the regulators do not understand economy well
B. the regulations are enforced before a crisis hits its peak
C. banking executives do not believe in the current regulatory structure
D. the standards for financial institutions are not consistent
79. According to the passage, which of the following is true of Morris?
A. He needn't have recounted so many financial disasters.
B. He has little faith in the present-day regulatory system.
C. He has failed to point out that regulators are more to blame than unwise regulations.
D. His book will undermine the readers' faith in the current regulatory structure.
80. The author's attitude towards Morris's new book can best be described as .
A. scornful B. appreciative C. satirical D. critical
PAPER TWO
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
What's strange about man is that he has yet to learn to settle disputes by some means other
than war. Not only does war take a heavy toll of lives, but leads to increased tension. The use of
sophisticated weapons is apt to bring about disasters to human health, although the reluctance to
eliminate weapons of mass destruction on the part of the big powers will not necessarily end up
with conflicts. The chances are that man will have his own civilization destroyed if the notion of
the survival of the fittest still applies to the international community. We cannot help wondering
how many years it will take for the world to eliminate war once for all.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper
space on Answer Sheet II.
运用世界领先的技术将使中国有可能摆脱贫穷。来中国的国外游客吃惊地发现在以 前
又脏又穷的地方出现了高楼大厦。他们的所见所闻使他们得出的结论是：中国不仅远非落
后， 而且正向小康社会迈进。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions：Write a composition of approximately 150 words according to the topic given below:
TOPIC:
Do you agree with the statement that the traditional teacher- centered lecture format used in
many colleges and universities discourages independent thinking? Give some reasons to support
your point of view.
2004年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed
due to isolation,
A. capable B. ingenious C. innovative D. hard-working
22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women's Lib, many women have found good careers.
A. initiated B. proposed C. supported D. terminated
23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking.
A. confirm B. emphasize C. enhance D. enlighten
24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photograph of a
human flag.
A. surprisingly B. indescribably C. permanently D. uniquely
25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties.
A. information B. intellect C. brain D. wisdom
26. To me, St. Francis embodied the ideal blend of spirituality and public service.
A. composition B. mixture C. elaboration D. speculation
27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.
A. Based on B. Preceding C. Following D. Targeted at
28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.
A. fluctuating B. increasing C. diminishing D. overwhelming
29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get
through the disaster.
A. decisively B. eventually C. somewhat D. somehow
30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner.
A. coming to an end B. still in the air
C. soon to happen D. out of the question
31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to your hero's image?
A. come up with B. live up to C. catch up on D. add up to
32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that .
A. come along B. come by C. come across D. come to
33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would discussions and ignore comments not
in agreement with his.
A. facilitate B. illustrate C. illuminate D. dominate
34. Anderson held out his arms to the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm
and dived.
A. turn off B. ward off C. trigger off D. call off
35. Her excellent of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.
A. standard B. criterion C. evaluation D. command
36. Because colleges can't take all students with basic qualifications, to college is
competitive.
A. admiration B. approach C. admission D. assignment
37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 for the rescue of China's first astronaut.
A. touched down B. turned down C. settled down D. shot down
38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long .
A. tolerate B. bear C. endure D. withhold
39. The belief that it's healthy to let off steam no longer , for we are working under heavy
pressure.
A. holds B. carries C. takes D. stands
40. Handbags made of leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. systematic B. synthetic C. sympathetic D. statistic
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)
People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41
to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction.
classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones,says Jessica
Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK's Chartered Institute of Personnel and
Development.
In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny
Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year
ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44
photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague
from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We 46 doing a
millennium exhibition together.” Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of
fashion and 47 .
However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be
sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance,”
advises Rolphe. “Make sure you are doing a course that really is 50 and that the institute
you are doing it at is highly respected.”
41. A. separately B. spiritually C. specifically D. socially
42. A. updating B. uprising C. uprooting D. upholding
43. A. terms B. occasions C. consequences D. cases
44. A. perspiring B. aspiring C. expiring D. conspiring
45. A. specialty B. phase C. opportunity D. period
46. A. gave in B. ended up C. ceased to D. resulted from
47. A. qualifications B. characters C. portraits D. personalities
48. A. deliver B. delight C. determine D. detect
49. A. up B. for C. into D. in
50. A. redundant B. reserved C. resolved D. relevant
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage One
The worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of
entertaining ourselves.
A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain
himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a
violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music
have declined.
Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies
are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don't do
much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has
been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.
There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a
lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly,
invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves.
The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician
readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to
entertain family or friends by himself?
These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are
historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices
from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer
common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to
them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf.
We're alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.
I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was
about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of
singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language;
they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.
Professional actors' performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own
reading. Because it's mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the
only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and
hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment,

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
51. The main idea of this passage is that .
A. TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and music
B. TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselves
C. people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to sing
D. parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children
52. According to the passage, Italians .
A. only sing songs in Hollywood
B. are no longer fond of music
C. only sing and dance in villages
D. don't sing much nowadays
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?
A. It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.
B. People don't want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.
C. Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.
D. Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people.
54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was .
A. very excited
B. very frightened
C. very nervous
D. very surprised
55. By slating “We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo,” the author means .
A. we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereo
B. we only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereo
C. we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereo
D. we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo
56. The author's attitude toward karaoke is .
A. negative
B. positive
C. neutral
D. indifferent
Passage Two
If those “mad moments”— when you can't recall what your friend has told you or where you
left your keys—are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.
Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which
scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very
young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over
the years,” said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of
California, Los Angeles. “I'm convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or
brain-fitness program,” he added.
In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the
10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills,
minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It's a game plan for
keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.
“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn't mean you should start labeling your
cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back,” he
said.
Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests
give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are
designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if
you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a
distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,” said Small. “You associate the first
thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of
Warren Beatty kissing her brow.”
Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be
anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or
learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing,
He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty
acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧
化剂) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.
57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we .

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. have some mental problems
B. have lost our important things
C. don't listen to what our friends tell us to do
D. fail to remember what should be remembered
58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that .
A. everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one's age
B. we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methods
C. brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30s
D. memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old
59. According to this passage, .
A. the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn't work for everyone
B. Dr. Small's memory tests can show you what to do about brain aging
C. Dr. Small's advice can help us fight brain aging effectively
D. our brains can reconstruct memories themselves
60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly .
A. provides us with the weapons for attacking others
B. introduces the tools that help us fight against memory loss
C. tells us about the important things we should never forget
D. explains the facial features useful for us to remember people
61. By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create...her brow,” Dr. Small is trying to
explain how to use the memory tool of .
A. impressing rapidly
B. minimizing stress
C. connecting related things
D. observing carefully
62. According to Dr. Small, .
A. left- handers may start brain aging later than right- handers do
B. learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting old
C. doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory loss
D. mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain aging
Passage Three
Through the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed
considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it
is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the
beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from
the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in
our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill,
MaoTse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not
only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.
But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are
physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how
and who people lead, but it wasn't easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us
more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders
have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to
what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes
effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective
organizations.
Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership
exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly
inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions don't agree with each other, and many of them
would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect
fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don't always reflect reality and sometimes
they just represent nonsense. It's as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership:
“The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.”
Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked
at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable
why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label
Tar Pits
of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.63. In
regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have .

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. believed in their existence
B. learned to apply them extensively
C. found it very difficult to acquire them
D. been unable to realize their importance
64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show their .
A. different styles of leadership
B. effective exercise of leadership
C. contributions to the theory of leadership
D. wisdom in applying the theory of leadership
65. According to the author, people's opinions of leadership are on the whole quite .
A. divided
B. original
C. misleading
D. sophisticated
66. The author thinks that .
A. many people have labored to be leaders
B. leaders are beyond our understanding
C. the essence of leadership has not been grasped
D. the definitions of leadership should vary
67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that .
A. can be traced back to the prehistoric age
B. are traps for those who want to inquire
C. are located in one place forever
D. don't deserve full investigation
68. This passage is mainly concerned with .
A. the inconsistent theories of leadership
B. the famous leaders and their theories
C. the changes in the trend of leadership
D. the inaccurate definitions of leadership
Passage Four
When you leave a job with a traditional pension, don't assume you've lost the chance to
collect it. You're entitled to whatever benefit you've earned—and you might even be entitled to
take it now. “A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they're 65,
they'll have a bigger benefit,” says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides
corporate pre- retirement education.
Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is
worth. If it's less than $$ 5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close
your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $$5,000 invested over 20 years at
eight percent interest is $$23,000. If your pension is worth more than $$ 5,000, or your company
doesn't offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you're eligible for at the plan's
normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe
penalty for collecting it early. You'll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and
investing it.
What if you left a job years ago, and you're realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a
pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool
that has helped locate $$47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.
If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most
people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan's normal retirement age.
For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three
years early, you'd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.
But that's not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the
employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three
years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.
When you retire early with a defined- contribution plan, the problem is you start spending
investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you're 55, for example,
and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you'll have only about half of what you
would have had if you'd kept working until 65.
69. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, .
A. he tends to forget that he has the pension
B. he has no right to ask for the pension

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
C. he'll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65
D. he has a specified worth of pension
70. If the retiree's pension is less than $$5,000, it is wise of him to .
A. ask the company for a lump-sum payout
B. require his former boss to figure out the value of his pension
C. take the pension with him and make a profit out of it
D. collect the pension at his retirement plan's normal retirement age
71. If one leaves early before his plan's normal retirement age, .
A. he'll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pension
B. he'll have half of his pension payments
C. he'll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a year
D. he'll have only 85 percent of his full pension
72. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to .
A. earn less interest
B. be better off than with a traditional pension
C. start investment immediately
D. get less Social Security benefits
73. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?
A. Your Payout Is Not Guaranteed.
B. The Retirement Dilemma.
C. Leave Early, Lose Big.
D. Take the Pension with You.
74. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year- service basis, he won't get a pension worth
2730ths.
B. It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.
C. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover last benefits.
D. If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won't be severely
affected.
Passage Five
In a landmark decision, U. S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled November 23,
1998, in Mainstream Loudown v. Board of Trustees of the Loudown County Library that the use
of blocking software to restrict Internet access in public libraries is unconstitutional. Despite the
library's claims that its actions were justified in the name of “protecting minors from harmful
content,” Judge Brinkema ruled that the library could not reduce adult access to standards
established for children.
“The use of blocking software in libraries offends the guarantee of free speech,” she ruled,
and “constitutes a prior restraint” on all speech. The Loudown County X-Stop software blocked
access to a wide range of websites, including those of Quakers, the conservative Heritage
Foundation, and AIDS education groups, as well as information about banned books and safe
sex.
Relying on Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, Brinkema rejected arguments that the
installation of such filtering devices constitutes “a library acquisition decision, to which the First
Amendment does not apply.” She pointed out that, since the library had originally provided
uncensored Internet access and had then taken specific actions to limit it, the situation was
analogous to the removal of library materials. The result, she said, was similar to “a collection of
encyclopedias from which defendants have laboriously revised portions deemed unfit for library
patrons.”
Although Brinkema's decision will have a major impact on the development of library
policies nationwide, there is a crucial underlying problem that cannot be resolved through the
legal process. Filtering software is created and produced by private companies that are quite
eager and happy to make all the decisions for us. And by purchasing and installing their products,
we are agreeing to let them do just that. It is to these private companies we are surrendering
selection and access to the Internet's huge database of electronic information. This means that
even the staffs at public libraries have no role in the selection process.
The Washington Coalition Against Censorship's new original T-shirt design advocates the
only solution we can trust to preserve our First Amendment liberties: “Use your brain: the filter
you were born with,”
75. The passage is mainly concerned with .
A. whether it is legal to install computer software in public libraries

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. whether libraries have to remove materials they consider harmful
C. what reading materials public libraries should provide to their patrons
D. what kind of online services public libraries should offer their readers
76. One of the defendant's arguments is that .
A. the First Amendment does not apply to library purchasing decisions
B. certain materials have to be filtered to protect the ethnic minorities
C. adults are guaranteed greater freedom to information than children
D. the library intends to give their readers only healthy information
77. Which of the following statements is NOT true of X-Stop software?
A. It was purchased from a private commercial company.
B. It denied both children and adults access to certain websites.
C. It revised a certain portion of the encyclopedias in the library.
D. Its installation in a county library was declared illegal by the court.
78. Even after the 1998 court decision, the public still have to face the fundamental problem
of .
A. giving up their freedom of speech on the Internet
B. having more restricted access to electronic Information
C. not allowing the librarians to select reading materials for them
D. letting the commercial companies decide what they would read
79. The word “uncensored” in the third paragraph probably means .
A. free B. timely C. beneficial D. restricted
80. According to the author, the decision about what is the best to read lies with .
A. the librarians
B. the individual citizens
C. the government
D. the legal courts
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Although the Bush administration has pledged its commitment to have Iraqis run their
government on their own, peace and order will be long in coming. On one hand, Saddam remains
unaccounted for. On the other hand, surging violence, cases of bloodshed, suicide bombings and
people's taking to streets to protest have plunged the U. S. in an embarrassing situation. Recently,
President Bush has made some remarks that appear intended to address criticism from the
Democratic presidential candidates that top decision-makers failed to anticipate the mounting
difficulties lying ahead. It's hoped that the UN can get actively involved in the reconstruction of
this war-torn country and play a more positive role in finding a peaceful solution to problems
confronting Iraqis.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其他学科，希 望英语分数越高越好。许多人坚信
成功的秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文，结果却发现此招不灵。他们为提 高英语水平做出的
努力很难得到回报。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions：Write a composition of approximately 150 words according to the topic given below:
TOPIC: Changing the Wasteful Habits
Outline:
1. Name at least three wasteful habits around you with examples;
2. Describe the one you think is the most harmful and explain why you think so;
3. Analyze how the wasteful habit is acquired and give suggestions as to how it can be most
effectively changed.
2004年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might to debuted, but once past the first period. many of
the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and hack again and
take in most of human life.
A. accept B. understand C. support D. include
22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could
hardly bring out a goodbye.
A. blow out B. give out C. get away with D. come out with
23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative
scientists.
A. reforming B. yielding C. breeding D. conceiving

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
24. Once a proposal goes into place, it's next to impossible to reverse it.
A. overthrow B. enhance C. implement D. provoke
25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended
to.
A. participated in B. seen to C. concentrated on D. involved in
26. The majority of these graduate students have hut one aspiration—to be top economists.
A. inspiration B. ambition C. request D. acquisition
27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room.
A. absorbed in B. submerged in C. saturated with D. agonized by
28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been
eliminated
A. given out B. ruled out C. written out D. turned out
29. We are obliged to the teaching staff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.
A. committed B. compelled C. grateful D. respectful
30. Humans have the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their
peculiar ideas and fancies.
A. novel B. particular C. arbitrary D. fantastic
Section B (0. 5 point each)
31. These salespersons of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business
strategies.
A. prospective B. perspective C. respective D. protective
32. Skin, being sturdy and and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers
quickly.
A. flexible B. loose C. elastic D. resourceful
33. Since teacher behavior is for public display, teachers must be cautious in their
personal lives.
A. held up B. used up C. kept up D. dressed up
34. The concept of personal choice health behaviors is an important one.
A. in face of B. in case of C. in relation to D. in charge of
35. The so-called
become disillusioned and end up by .
A. immigrating B. migrating C. integrating D. emigrating
36. As fulfillment seldom lo anticipation, there is no need to feel upset.
A. amounts B. corresponds C. adds D. contributes
37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene
activity with cancer-causing pathways.
A. coupled B. stained C. associated D. integrated
38. It was by no means easy 10 work for a president who demanded security beyond
what was really .
A. called for B. called forth C. called up D. called at
39. The display of goods needs to be _ _ with the store's atmosphere.
A. persistent B. existent C. insistent D. consistent
40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an life.
A. external B. original C. eternal D. optimal
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)
The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth .According to 41 , there are
over 13 billion chickens! And its meat is so popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are
consumed each year. 42 hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.
The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the
chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of
chickens and eggs became a commercial 44 . .
Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised by millions
of households for domestic and commercial use.
Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of
the most successful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for
just one person to care for from 25.000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to
reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that
has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds.
Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off---some as 48 of the deadly
disease- the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases. 50
this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many
countries.
41. A. estimates B. evaluations C. judges D. legislations
42. A. Surprisingly B. Essentially C. Additionally D. Generally
43. A. up till B. rather than C. out of D. not until
44. A. investment B. venture C. administration D. adventure
45. A. by far B. by and by C. for good D. for all
46. A. that B. those C. them D. it
47. A. conceal B. condemn C. commence D. command
48. A. witnesses B. sacrifices C. donations D. victims
49. A. know-how B. how-so C. in- the-know D. how-come
50. A. Because of B. Due to C. For D. As
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage One
Of all the accessories and adornments to clothes one perhaps pays least of all attention to
buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes, there is,
one would think, nothing much to he said about the humble button.
Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that
they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once
again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a
person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress.
Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one
that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was
enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms penalty for disobedience—a
sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out. history does not relate!)
Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could lie called decorative once did in fact
serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men's coats
are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.
On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but
in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm's way.
With regard lo the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress
was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.
So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.
51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?
A. They have little function.
B. They are the only useful accessory.
C. They receive the least attention among accessories.
D. They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.
52. According to the author, _______. .
A. buttons are used as ornaments only in modern times
B. buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th century
C. buttons were used as ornaments before the 13lh century
D. buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history
53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ________.
A. were a symbol of wealth
B. were occasionally put on clothes
C. began to have practical functions
D. represented the wearers' artistic taste
54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once______.
A. loved by every citizen
B. banned because they were a craze
C. considered harmful and nobody wore them
D. forbidden on the upper arms
55. It seems to the author that buttons
A. are worth a second look B. have never served any function
C. should not he sewed on coats D. play an important role in our lives
56. Male and female dress is now buttoned
A. on the right side B. on the left side
C. on different sides D. on the same side

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Passage Two
Behind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is
the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we arc indestructible.
On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when we finally
clean up our act.
If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn't apparent when you stand naked in front
of the mirror, just wait. But what if you cat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time
to repair the damage?
To a surprising degree- the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have
accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with had habits decide to
turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself,
provided the damage is not too great.
The effects of some bad habits smoking, in particular—can haunt you for decades. But
the damage from other habits can be largely healed.

from that point on.
brakes. You do need a certain distance.
But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines
of medical research:
—A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week cut
their risk of suffering a stroke to half that of women who eat less than one serving of fish a
month.
—The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically.
Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to
decline…
Adopting healthy habits won't cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that
many chronic diseases—from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers
can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.
Not sure where to start? Surprisingly, it doesn't matter, since one positive change usually
leads to another. Make enough changes, and you'll discover you've adopted a new way of life.
57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that ______.
A. they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decades
B. their bodies cannot be damaged by the bad habits
C. their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outside
D. they can force themselves to clean up the had habits later
58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible_____.
A. is seldom apparent
B. is clearly shown in the mirror
C. will appear obvious sooner or later
D. is still a question
59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits_____.
A. when the damage is not very serious
B. no matter how serious the damage is
C. after we have dropped our bad habits
D. much more slowly than we think
60. According to the recent announcements______.
A. women should eat as much fish as possible
B. women arc at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than men
C. eating a little more fish can improve women's health
D. men don't have to eat as much fish as women
61. It is implied in the passage that______ .
A. smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokers
B. the blood of smokers is more sticky than that of non-smokers
C. smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smoking
D. chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking
62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _____.
A. when we should start quitting our bad habits
B. it doesn't matter how we start quitting our bad habits
C. that making enough changes will make doctors unnecessary to us
D. it's never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestyle

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Passage Three
Our true challenge today is not debts and deficits or global competition but the need to find a
way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet's biosphere, which supports all life.
Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collapse of the very elements that keep us
alive.
An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance,
you might assume that they arc readily available and. better yet, that you may pick from a wide
variety. But do you know that there arc far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100
years ago?
Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United
States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter?
In the 1840's. Ireland's population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely
populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called
lumpers was the most widely grown.
In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight
struck and wiped out almost the entire crop.
Paul Raeburn in his book The Last Harvest The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy
American Agriculture.
the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this lime with
overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.
people died of starvation, while another 1. 5 million emigrated, most to the United States. Those
remaining suffered from crushing poverty.
In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few
were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity
within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this
basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to disease or pests, which can destroy an entire
region's harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides,
even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.
Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in
response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting,
attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But these trends may be
destroying man's own food supply.
63. The main idea of the passage is_____ .
A. it is important to protect the earth's bio- diversity
B. man is destroying his own food supply
C. we now have fewer bio-species than before
D. numerous strains of plants can resist plagues
64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United Slates_______.
A. it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant family
B. over 80% of its varieties have been destroyed
C. we have done our best to protect it
D. it is as wide as it was 100 years ago
65. The author tells the story in Ireland in the 1840's to show that_____.
A. farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South America
B. potatoes should not be grown as a dietary mainstay
C. lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoes
D. bio-diversity is essential to life on earth
66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840's______.
A. caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedly
B. caused Ireland's population to decline by half
C. destroyed the whole Irish agricultural tradition
D. seriously devastated Ireland s economy
67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants _______.
A. ward off some disastrous diseases and pests
B. resist natural disasters such as droughts
C. withstand the harmful effect of pesticides
D. yield bumper harvests
68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties
with one uniform crop?
A. They want to make more money.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. They want to have a higher output.
C. They want to prevent the destruction of human food.
D. They want to make their products more attractive.
Passage Four
It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard
Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to
pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as
possible. A man's purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his
children.
Okay, so that's the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man's lifestyle that
reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well, men arc supercharged with
testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the
testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of
harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone
chops harmful cholesterol and raises
As Perls's study points out: ages 15 and 24, men are four to five limes more
likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase
in reckless and violent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a ‘tea -tosterone storm. ’
Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents，followed by homicide,
suicide.. .and drownings .
While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn't
account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more
quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while
men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also
disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking
alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men
being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown it's true.
If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there an* some
things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right.
According to the ongoing New England Centenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of
centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age associated diseases like heart
attack, stroke, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's. Ninety percent of those studied were
functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92. and 75% were
just as autonomous at an average age of 95.
you get, the sicker you get. ' Centenarians teach us that the older you get. the healthier you've
been.
69. This passage mainly discusses ______.
A. why women lead a healthier life than men
B. how women can live longer and slay healthy
C. what keeps men from enjoying a longer life span
D. whether men's life style leads to their early death
70. According lo Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the
relative longevity of women over men?
A. Their natural urge to remain healthy.
B. Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.
C. Their need to bear healthy offspring.
D. Their desire lo have more children.
71. The author mentions
A. support the argument about women's role in rearing children
B. summarize a possible cause of different life expectancies
C. challenge the theory about our ancestors' behavior patterns
D. illustrate the history of human evolution process
72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that______ .
A. increases as men grow older
B. reduces risk factors in male behavior
C. leads to aggressive behavior and heart disease
D. accounts for women's dislike for violent films
73. Compared with women, men as a whole_____ .
A. suffer from depression more often
B. suffer from diseases later than women

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
C. are reluctant to have physical checkups
D. arc not affected by violent movies
74. Centenarians refer to people who______.
A. live longer than females
B. live at the turn of the century
C. are extremely independent
D. arc a hundred years or older
Passage Five
Last year. Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new
features in high-end cars: the OnStar personal security system.
The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more
than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cellphone, to a
member of the OnStar staff. A Global Positioning System, or G. P. S., helps the employee give
verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a
signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars
in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in
frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the
company can track it to help am st the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.
But for Mr. Dunnam. the more he learned about his car's security features, the less secure he
felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else—law enforcement officers,
or hackers—could listen in on his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems
without his knowledge or consent. I don't believe G. M. intentionally designed this
system to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy.
Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court
case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a
company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not
reveal which company was involved. A three- judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request,
but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the
safety services. OnStar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An OnStar
spokeswoman. Geri Lama. suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries were overblown. The signals
that the company sends to unlock car doors or track location-based information can be triggered
only with a secure exchange of specific identifying data, which ought to hinder all but the most
determined hackers, she said.
75. The most important feature of OnStar advertised by the company is that it can
______.
A. help people find their cars in the big parking lot
B. give verbal direction to drivers lost in unfamiliar areas
C. open car doors for owners unable to find their car keys
D. make it difficult for thieves to get away with stolen cars
76. We can conclude from the passage that OnStar is_____ .
A. too complicated to use especially for new drivers
B. not as useful and effective as the company claims
C. popularly used among the more expensive cars
D. not widely used in the country except in a few states
77. Mr. Dunnam felt dissatisfied with OnStar because____ .
A. his personal information might lie revealed
B. his demand for better services was rejected
C. OnStar posed potential danger to driving safety
D. OnStar had been developed mainly to facilitate police work
78. The three-judge panel rejected the request of the federal authorities because_____.
A. it was in violation of individual privacy
B. it was against the Constitution of the nation
C. the wiretap might affect the safety of personal data
D. the wiretap might reduce the efficiency of the system
79. OnStar spokeswoman suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries_______.
A. exaggerated the problems that might occur
B. represented reasonable concerns of customers
C. presented problems for them to solve
D. made sense due to the existence of hackers
80. The passage is mainly written to_____ .

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. promote the brand and sale of OnStar
B. point out the worries caused by OnStar
C. introduce the new features of OnStar
D. show the future trend represented by OnStar
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions：Put the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper
space on Answer Sheet II.
As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry and
elaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification. When it comes lo language
learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often
left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be
achieved by exposing young children to native speakers as early as possible. However, a more
profound insight into the process of language acquisition won't be gained until studies of the
brain have developed lo the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light.
The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in Chins is open to
question.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper
space on Answer Sheet II.
计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。它的神奇之处在于其运算速 度和准
确性优于人类。计算机能在几秒内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事，这是人类第
一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions：
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150
words under the title of Message Service : A Blessing Or a Curse?Your
composition should be based On the following outline:
1. As a modern mode of communication, short message service on mobile- phones has brought us
some benefits;
2. But it has created some problems;
3. My suggestions to solve the problem.
2005年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
21. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through
community service.

A. pay off B. get off C. dispose of D. run off

22. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.

A. brought forward B. brought about
C. brought down D. brought in

23. This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas
study.

A. frustrated B. formulated C. fabricated D. facilitated

24. Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.
A. agreement B. consensus C. permission D. support
25. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.
A. pull out B. pull up C. pull in D. pull over

26. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.

A. detectable B. trifling C. inexcusable D. magnificent

27. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3
rd
straight time this summer.
A. direct B. proceeding C. vertical D. successive
28. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.
A. difficult B. sustainable C. external D. unpredictable

29. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.
A. restrict B. reduce C. increase D. stabilize
30. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative.
A. efficient B. conventional C. economical D. unique
Section B (0.5 point each)

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
31. A risk or effect may diminish ____ , but it may also increase for some reason.
A. at will B. over time C. under way D. so far
32. It's in your best ______ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.
A. sake B. benefit C. advantage D. interest
33. As females in their 40s tend to _____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.
A. take on B. hold on C. carry on D. put on
34. The shop-owner took a loaf of _____ - crusted bread and handed it to the child.
A. fragile B. crisp C. vague D. harsh
35. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.
A. on the point of B. on the grounds of
C. on the advice of D. on the part of
36. These intelligence officers tried a _____ of persuasion and force to get the information
they wanted.
A. combination B. collaboration C. conviction D. confrontation
37. The terminally ill patient lying in the _____ care unit was kept alive on life support.
A. apprehensive B. intensive C. extensive D. comprehensive
38. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is _______ .
A. ice- breaking B. eye-catching C. painstaking D. soul-touching
39. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll _____ brilliant high school students.
A. intellectually B. intelligibly C. intelligently D. intimately
40. When a heavy vehicle is _____ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.
A. involved B. stuck C. interfered D. specialized
PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)
—frustration arising from pressure to use new technology—is said to be 41
reports Maclean's magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 42
process of learning how to use new technologies to the 43 of work and home life as a result of
44 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.
”
How can you cope? Experts
recommend setting 45 Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or
merely add new 46. Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to
realize its full benefits. time each day to turn the technology off,
other things afforded or deserving 48 attention.
mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,
expert Dan Stamp. .

41. A. descending

B. narrowing

C. widening

D. mounting

42. A. range from

B. pass on

C. deal with

D. give up

43. A. construction

B. confusion

C. contribution

D. conduction

44. A. creations

B. promotions

C. innovations

D. productions

45. A. boundaries

B. laws

C. deadlines

D. barriers

46. A. convenience

B. advantage

C. complexity

D. flexibility

47. A. Put forward

B. Put across

C. Put up

D. Put aside

48. A. major

B. prior

C. senior

D. superior

49. A. fragmental

B. fictional

C. fundamental

D. fractional

50. A. relaxation

B. entertainment

C. hobby

D. rubbish

READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pointeach)

Passage One

Bears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during
mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is
plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small
social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of
other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and
female may live in an area partly shared in common—although they tolerate each other, each
defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to
live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of
their mother.
The key to a bear's survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of
the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they
have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able lo climb trees to chase
small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large
adult brown bears—their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.
Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in
sheltered dens, including brown bears. American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears.
Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After
fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter
home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from
hibernation (冬眠) in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear's body
temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes
more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic
ground squirrel drops from 38°C to as low as -3°C.
51. Most bears live alone because _______ .
A. they don't want to keep a social network
B. each bear feeds on different kinds of food
C. male and female bears can't tolerate each other
D. they don't want other bears to share their food
52. According to the passage, bears of the same sex ________ .
A. can get along with each other peacefully
B. share their range with each other
C. live in an area partly shared in common
D. cannot live peacefully in the same area
53. As is told about bears in the passage, we know that ________ .
A. it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees
B. a bear can long remember where it has found food
C. all except polar bears are able to climb trees lo catch their prey
D. all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals
54. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because _______ .
A. their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding
B. they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season
C. they need to convert their fat into energy in winter
D. they cannot find enough food in the cold season
55. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______ .
A. animals in hibernation don't wake up easily
B. animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply
C. the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn't change
D. animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions
56. The passage is mainly about ________ .
A. the species of bears B. the food category of bears
C. the winter sleep of bears D. the behavior of bears
Passage Two
The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology.
As the name suggests, it blends biology and modem technology through such techniques as
genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in
agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist
disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could
be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically
engineered crops.
nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,says the book Genetic
Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.
a rose will never cross with a potato.... Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves
taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a
desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to
the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a
potato Or strawberry to make it frost- resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.
biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.
Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of
genetic uniformity - some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as
cloning and tissue culture processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns
about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise
new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment
blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little
idea of the potential outcomes,
57. According to the author, biotech companies are .
A. mostly specialized in agriculture
B. those producing seeds of better properties
C. mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops
D. likely to have big returns in their business
58. Now biotech products are made _______ .
A. within the limits of natural genetics B. by violating laws of natural genetics
C. without the interference of humans D. safer than those without the use of
biotechnology
59. In nature, genetic diversity is created ________ .
A. by mixing different species B. within the species itself
C. through natural selection D. through selection or contest
60. Biotechnology has made it possible ________ .
A. for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world
B. for plants to be produced with genes of humans
C. for humans to assume the cold-resistant property
D. to grow crops with the taste of farm animals
61. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology _______ .
A. the species of creatures will be reduced
B. our living environment will be better than it is now
C. humans will pay for its side effect
D. we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases
62. The author's attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described as .
A. optimistic istic C concerned ious
Passage Three
The practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has
not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide
variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration
of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the
worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including
capital punishment. The controversy and debate over whether governments should utilize the
death penalty continue today.
The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as
the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesarc Beccaria published
An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document
in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against
executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British
philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United
States.
Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters
consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty
declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and
opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its
preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human rights issue
involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to
continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy.
Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only
about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is
being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
63. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times ________ .
A. death penalty had been carried out before government came into being
B. people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions
C. death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries
D. many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel
64. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?
A. People began to criticize their government.
B. The government was unjust in this period.
C. People began to realize the value of life.
D. social critics were very active at that time.
65. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ________ .
A. was the first person to question the Tightness of death penalty
B. was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment
C. was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals
D. first raised the theory against capital punishment
66. Critics of capital punishment insist that it _______ .
A. violates human rights regulations
B. is an ineffective punishment of the criminals
C. is just the revenge for terrible crimes
D. involves killing without mercy
67. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty
A. agree that it is a human rights issue
B. agree that it can prevent crimes
C. explain its statistical analyses differently
D. think that they are asked different types of questions
68. The author's attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as ________ .
A. supportive al l dictory
Passage Four
Singapore's Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers,
including wearable devices and a virtual war room that will allow officials to work together
online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern
match for the fictional British agent James Bond's tool man, Q. It is funded by the Defense
Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $$5 billion defense budget, and sponsors
hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came (o worldwide attention last year
when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high
fever, helping to stem Ihe spread of SARS.
DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the
commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting
ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have
broad civilian applications.
Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often
unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding
development of an anti- chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon.
The Singaporean garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter
and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substances on contact.
Much of the agency's work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-stale overcome
its natural limitations, says its director of R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower
is one of the agency's most critical assignments, because Singapore is a nation of 4 million
people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest
DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making
equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb
is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that means that smaller
Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans,
says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man
System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder,
digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.
69. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably ______ .
A. a mechanic in James Bond's garage

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. a fictional Australian with spiky hair
C. a director of the Advanced Combat Man System
D. an imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment
70. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA is NOT true?
A. Il became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.
B. II funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality Lab.
C. It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.
D. It lakes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.
71. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly
because ________ .
A. it is made of a new material resembling plastics
B. it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it
C. it has been adapted to the tropical weather there
D. its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment
72. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?
A. Smaller soldiers. B. Smaller population.
C. Limited defense budget. D. Limited natural resources.
73. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show
A. what DSTA has done lo meet the country's special needs
B. how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be
C. why it is difficult for Q to compete with Choo Hui Weing
D. how Singapore's technology is superior to that of the British
74. The main purpose of the passage is to _______ .
A. analyze Singapore's defense system
B. summarize the contributions of DSTA
C. introduce the technical advantages of a small country
D. describe the roles and achievements of a government agency
Passage Five
The young man who came to the door—he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome,
smiling face—didn't seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one
side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a
beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the
room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at case, and very imposing.
The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one's
early childhood—a sunlight encountered later only in one's dreams. I remember being astounded
by the quietness, the ease, the peace, and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a
genuine cordiality and respect—and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they
expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give—and we sat
down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow, but not as stiff as I had
feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could
acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and had read more of what I had written, than I had
expected, and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women
were carrying on their own conversation, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to
take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently
making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly,
we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room
and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the
bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I do not know what I had
expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio
and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no—the man who came into the room
was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a
most winning smile. Something came into the room with him—his worshipers' joy at seeing
him, his joy lit seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply
because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.
75. Which of the following is the best alternative word for
A. Enthusiastic B. Hostile C. Impressive D. Anxious
76. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?
A. Tranquil B. Solemn C. Chaotic D. Stressful

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
77. How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?
A. Delighted B. Astonished C. Embarrassed D. Scared
78. Which of the following statements is true about the author?
A. He talked little. B. He was puzzled.
C. He enjoyed the conversation. D. He got more respect than he deserved
79. The men didn't get deeply involved in any subject because they _______ .
A. had little knowledge B. didn't know one another well
C. wanted to relax themselves D. awaited the arrival of someone important
80. What can we learn about Elijah?
A. He was admired by others. B. He was very handsome.
C. He was a man with determination. D. He was happy to give speeches.
PART V TRANSLATION(30minutes,20points)
Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is
widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that
a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to
begin with.

The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the
amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report
challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful
consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that
tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.

Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)

人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国 家应不
惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从
地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍。
PART VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to write a composition of no less than
150 words under the title of from books and knowledge from
experience'' Your composition should be based on the following outline:

1. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from
books.
2. Explain which source is more important?
2006年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
21. The vast crowd bust into spontaneous cheering at the skillful play.
A. earnest B. volcanic
C. hearty D. automatic
22. Not everyone in the intelligence community was convinced the document was genuine.
A. standard B. valid C. neat D. lucid
23. They found substantial evidence that exposure to nerve gas was responsible for the
veterans' symptoms.
A. contact B. betrayal C. exhibition D. publication
24. The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others
consult adoption facilitators in the United States.
A. confident B. justified C. sensible D potential
25. This patient must on no account be left unattended, even for one minute.
A. not repeatedly B. not in any circumstances
C. without any reason D. with no explanation
26. Only a few Furgans remain alive today, a fading anthropological link with the first
native Americans.
A. condescending B. amplifying C. prosperous D. vanishing
27. He was as deliberate in his speech as he was in his work, weighing his words
momentously, even if they were only going to add up to a casual remark.
A. a witty B. an indifferent C. an offending D. a humorous
28. Embarrassed, he slung her over his shoulder and made a hasty exit.
A. turn B. leap C. speech O. leave
29. Eighty-five percent of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant by InfoTech,
although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. inspected B. registered C. voted D. nominated
30. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is being
destroyed.
A. mate B. pray C. territory D. enemy
Section B (0.5 point each)
31. Mourinho is a young and __________ coach who is prepared to lead his team to win the
championship in his first season.
A. clumsy B. humorous C. ambitious D. intimate
32. Just wait for one second, I am ______ ready.
A. all but B. all over
C. at all D. at any moment
33. If you can't think of anywhere to go on Saturday, we ___________ as well stay home.
A. should B. might C. can D. need
34. A nation that does not know history is _________ to repeat it.
A. discouraged B. characterized C. linked D. fated
35. They preferred a British Commonwealth or European arrangement, because this was
substantially _ ______ their British thinking.
A. in touch with B. in line with
C. with relation to D. with reference to
36. The traffic accident that delayed our bus gave us a _________ reason for being late.
A. prompt B. vague C. irritable D. legitimate
37. The United States has 10 percent of the total petroleum ________ of the world in its
own territory, and has been a major
producer for decades.
A. reservoirs B. reservations C. reserves D. reproductions
38. This is the world's first accurate _________ model of human heart in computer.
A. setting B. laboring C. showing D. working
39. In 2000 I visited Berkeley, where I began my long _____ with this world famous
university.
A. interaction B. nomination C. reconstruction D. association
40. _____, ads for phony business opportunities appear in the classified pages of daily
and weekly newspapers and magazines, and online.
A. Specially B. Typically C. Especially D. Commonly
PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)
Earthquakes have never really affected Hong Kong, but this has not been the case on the
mainland, where their effects throughout history have often been devastating, causing
widespread destruction and loss of life.
In ancient China, earthquakes were occasionally followed by riots and rebellions, so it
was important for the emperor to find out about quakes in remote parts of the country as
soon 41 occurred. This was 42 far from easy in an age before modern
telecommunications.
In the year 132 AD, however, the scientist and inventor, Zhang Heng, devised a
forerunner of the modem seismograph (an instrument used by scientists to detect
earthquakes). 43 only could it detect a distant earthquake as it happened, but it could
44 in which direction the epicenter of the quake lay.
The machine, was from metal, was almost two meters 45 and shaped like a vase.
There were dragons' heads around the rim, each with a metal ball in its mouth. The ball were
balanced 46 when the earth moved slightly, one of them would fall into the mouth of a
metal toad at the base of the vase, 47 creating a loud noise to raise the alarm. The
direction of the earthquake was indicated by 48 ball fell, and a special mechanism
ensured that only one ball could fall.
The device was viewed with considerable suspicion and doubt 49 especially since
the first time it dropped a ball, no shock could be fell. Bui people changed their minds a few
days later, when a messenger 50 news of a earthquake 700 km away.
41. A. as it B. if they C. as they D. that it
42. A naturally B. obvious C. clear D. hardly
43. A. But B. Not C. Yet D. If
44. A. show besides B. have to show C. also indicate D. also displaying

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
45. A. across B. through
46. A. in order to B. carefully if
47. A. besides B. thereby
48. A. whichever B. how
49. A to begin B. besides
50. A. would bring B. brought






C. length
C. delicately
C. resulting
C. whenever
C. initially
C. carrying
D. width
D. so that
D. further
D. the
D. first
D. had carried
FART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes. 30 points. I point each)
Passage 1
In a new book published this month called
in less than 25 years, senior citizens will comprise more than 18 percent of the entire U.S
population—the same proportion as in Florida today. Put another way, that means that early
in the 21st century, there will be more grandparents than grandchildren. Peterson, a former
secretary of Commerce under Nixon, is primarily concerned with what the aging of
America—a product of both longer life spans and falling birthrates—means for Social
Security and Medicare. But the social ramifications will be at least as profound as the
economic ones. Will all (hose seniors shift the balance of political power? How will
Hollywood executives, funeral directors and the auto industry change their products to meet
the demands of a markedly older public? Because women tend to outlive men, will an older
America also be significantly more female? In short, what will America be like when we all
become a Senior Nation?
Anyone who has visited West Palm Beach or Tucson knows pan of the answer, lots of
people driving very slowly in big cars on their way to early-bird dinners. But that's only the
most broad-brush observation. The political changes alone will be enough to bury all those
stereotypes about the feeble elderly. Peterson estimates that by 2038, people 65 and older
will make up 34 percent of the electorate - up from only 16 percent in 1966. You think
Social Security is a sacred cow now? And the battle over entitlements may get uglier. The
65-plus population is about 85 percent white. The younger generations - the ones footing the
seniors' bills - are much more racially mixed.
generation with enormous influence, asking African-Americans. Hispanics and Asians to
support them for decades.
that focuses on the maturing marketplace.
racial.
51. What is true of American population?
A. Florida's population is 18% of the entire U.S. population.
B. American people will represent 18% of the world's population.
C. American population will increase by 18% early in the next century.
D. Senior citizens will outnumber teenagers in less than 25 years in the U.S.
52. According to Peterson, the aging of America is caused by _______ .
A. social security and medicare
B. shift in the balance of political power
C. longer life spans and falling birthrates
D. social ramifications as well as economic ones
53. Who is Peter G. Peterson?
A. A funeral director. B. A Hollywood executive.
C. A secretary of Commerce. D. The author of
54. _______ .
A. the younger generations are much more racially mixed
B. the U.S. will be significantly more female in the next century
C. the stereotypes about the feeble elderly are being dispersed by political changes
D. the U.S. is entering a stage when there are more grandparents than grandchildren
55. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The U.S.—a Senior Nation Senior Boom is Coming
C. A Book Called tional and Racial Tension
Passage 2

Weary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying
nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.
The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the
Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was 10 start today in The Hague,

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.
In the Netherlands — half of which lies below sea level — the Ministry of Water
Management has designated several low-lying regions as
be used in emergencies to divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans
Scholten said.
Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from
disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier. Undersecretary for Water Management
Monique de Vries said:
his galoshes.
Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages,
repeated flooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a
rethinking about the old methods.

spokesman for an association of regional water boards. certain nature reserve
areas every few years would be good for the environment.
Pan of the plan involves widening river beds to allow larger volumes of water to How
to the sea. Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the
project — some inhabitants would have to be relocated — large areas of the eastern Dutch
province of Gclderland have been labeled as suitable.
While flooding is a serious threat to die Dutch, global warming could expose many
more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take
drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.
More than 3.500 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow- up
to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.
With one-sixth of the world's population lacking clean drinking water, forum
organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than
doubled from about $$70 billion or $$80 billion to $$180 billion.
In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will
meet to discuss sustainable water for the world's growing population and farmers who grow
crops for mass consumption.
56. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?
A. To build more powerful dams B. To let the sea water in the
inside
C. To ignore the process of nature D. To flood certain nature
reserves
57. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero __________ .
A. in Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areas
B. who look his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrier
C. who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drowned
D. a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in
58. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the
nation from possible sea floods?
A. To designate some low-lying regions as
B. To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.
C. To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.
D. To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.
59. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water Forum
EXCEPT ________ .
A. how to divert floodwaters from the populated areas of Holland
B. how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the
growing population
C. how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops
timely
D. how to take measures to slow down the ever- accelerating global warming-up
tendency
60. The best way to paraphrase the sentence
process of nature_______________ .
A. Sometimes it's no use ignoring the process of nature

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. In some cases man can and must neglect the law of nature
C. It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of nature
D. Man must always follow the way of how things are going on
Passage 3


in 1998,
Berkeley National Laboratory. USA.
The Global Environmental Facility, through the United Nations Development Program,
has decided to fund $$9.3 million of die $$40 million program to help the government of China
transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when the EPA
signed an agreement with the government of China to assist in the elimination of CFCs from
refrigerators. Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, developing the market transformation program based on
the success of the first phase of die project, which involved designing and testing CFC
(chlorofluorocabon 含氯氟氰) free, energy efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond
his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be involved in training and working with
the State Bureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are developed.

for a product, in this case to a more energy efficient, environmentally favorable product
through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for
manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the
more efficient product.
we developed a technical training program for Chinese refrigerator
manufacturers interested in developing CFC free, efficient refrigerators; a financial
incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible;
and a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators
in bulk.
In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded, an International Climate Protection
Award by the EPA. is not widely known in the United States, but China has had an
energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s,
Energy Technologies Division director and an advisor to the Chinese government on energy
efficiency. government of China is committed to using energy more efficiently, and
this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption.
'The Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on
reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. We at Berkeley Lab are grateful to have
the chance to work with the people and government of China on this project, as well as on
our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency
standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants.
61. The main idea of this passage is about ___________ .
A. the refrigerator production in China supported by UN and USA
B. the energy- efficient refrigerator project in China aided by the UN
C. the American aid to the Chinese government in environmental protection
D. the tremendous increase of China's refrigerator production
62. From what the two American researchers said we can conclude that _______ ,
A. the American experts working in the refrigerator project are disappointed at China's
refrigerator production
B. the American researchers are particularly worried about China's over-emission of
CCFC into the air
C. the American researchers in refrigerator technology enjoy their opportunity to work in
China
D. the American experts see China as the best place to increase their export of
refrigerator technology
63. According to Fridley. ___ .
A. giving a practical guide to the consumers' needs as which products are better
B. strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers
to distinguish right products from the fake ones
C. producing high-quality products that can reach the international standards for

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
2002年1月
16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people
worldwide.
A. announced B. forgiven C. condemned D. despised
17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been
proved.
A. aspiration B. inspiration C. creativity D. breathing
18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban's military
installations.
A. set about B. set out C. set apart D. set aside
19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy.
A. businessman B. commodity C. substance D. talent
20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their
parents.
A. encourage B. survive C. arouse D. fulfill
21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.
A. helpful B. useless C. harmless D. inappropriate
22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick
solutions.
A. unexpected B. undesirable C. comforting D. grave
23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.
A. without any objections B. in the end C. in the dark D. against heavy odds
24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field.
A. institutions B. standard C. prestige D. application
25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation
continues.
A. exhausted B. evaluated C. deployed D. popularized
26. Harry Potter was originally _____ for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be
crazy about the book.
A. extended B. intended C. inclined D. directed
27. This experienced author was able to _____ the lifetime's work of Jefferson into one volume.
A. suppress B. compress C. express D. depress
28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can _____ hundreds of different smells.
A. nominate B. dominate C. eliminate D. discriminate
29. The Chinese share the _______ that their life will become better and the country more
prosperous.
A. conviction B. speculation C. elaboration D. perspiration
30. After weeks of ______, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question
of sick benefits.
A. administration B. arbitration C. authorization D. alternation
31. It took this disabled boy a long time to _____ the fact that he was not qualified for admission
to college.
A. come up with B. come down with C. come up to D. come to terms with
32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show______.
A. clockwise B. otherwise C. elsewhere D. likewise
33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _____.
A. involvement B. rebellion C. casualties D. anguish
34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the
mainland are _____.
A. inexplicable B. irreplaceable C. indispensable D. inseparable
35. President Bush said that the most urgent mission was to bring the wrongdoers to ______.
A. justice B. justification C. adjustment D. justifiability
It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to
end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life's
happiness and much of its 36 come from the same source — one's marriage. Indeed, few
things in life have the potential to provide as much 37 or as much anguish. As the
accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 38 .
But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless
others remain 39 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the
last 12 years have been horrible,” 40 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！

is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 41 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of
nearly 25 years said, “My wife has told me that she doesn't love me anymore. She says that if we
can just exist as roommates and each go our 42 ways when it comes to leisure time, the
situation can be 43 .”
Of course, some in such terrible straits 44 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is
45 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace,
finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 46
state.“Unlikely to divorce legally,” she says, “these spouses choose to 47 a partner from
whom they are emotionally divorced.”
Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 48 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction?
Is a loveless marriage the only 49 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled
marriages can be saved — not only from the 50 of breakup but also from the misery of
lovelessness.
36. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth
37. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny
38. A. late B. later C. latter D. last
39. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D. ascended
40. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D. confided
41. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational
42. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided
43. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D. tolerated
44. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray
45. A. in the end C. in the way
B. out of the count D. out of the question
46. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D. loveless
47. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D. keep in with
48. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D. return
49. A. pattern B. destination C. alternative D. route
50. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolition
Passage One
Moviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer's most
anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-creates the Japanese
attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn't the film's only reminder of the
past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps
romance and action around a major historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create
popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty
penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.
Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three
hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men;
In Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a
high-society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben
Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate
(Beckinsale).
The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear
life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled of the Titanic's climactic
sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship
vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the
middle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.
And the jaw- dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor's, 40-minute re-creation of
the Dec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special
effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be
spent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location; Fox
Studios Baja in Mexico.
Harbor's makers have even taken a Titantic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film
includes one song. There You'll be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic,
which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion's
MY Heart Will Go On.
“If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching
for even more historical romance-action material.” says a critic.
51. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.
B. Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.
C. The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.
D. Sinking boats and famous actors.
52. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of the following aspects EXCEPT_____.
A. both spent large amount of money on special effects
B. both have soundtracks starring a major pop star
C. both added made-up stories to historical events
D. both are documentary movies of historical events
53. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?
A. Kate Beckinsale. B. Ben Affleck.
C. Kate Winslet. D. Faith Hill.
54. What does the phrase “cost a pretty penny” in the first paragraph mean?
A. To be very attractive. B. To cost a lot.
C. To have big box office returns. D. To require a lot of effort to accomplish.
55. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?
A. The Battle of Waterloo. B. The Advents of Mr. Bean.
C. Space Invaders. D. The Haunted House.
56. It is said in the passage that ____.
A. major historical events can never repeat themselves
B. both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearance
C. Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than Titanic
D. Titanic is the most successful film in history
Passage Two
A few weeks ago my mother called to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was
mystified. I’d like to think myself dangerous but I’m a mild- mannered journalist. I don't have a
criminal record, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s - thus the “raid.” I
hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled the scene after backing a Jeep into a crowd
of people.
But this is Mayor Giuliani s New York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of
cops. New Yorkers know all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approaching
drivers and offering to clean their windshields. H’s also cracked down on street vendors. Yuppie
that 1 am. I’ve never given much thought to what it felt like to be on the other side of the law.
So when the cops came knocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my
embarrassment upon discovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of
apartment after dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up and wrote
me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws. Yeah. I probably should
have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck the pink slip in my back pocket and forgot about
it.
When I called to inquire about my case. I was told to “speak with Officer Kosenza.” But I
didn’t get a chance. Kosenza called me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend.
He wanted me to come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s police are in
a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it's getting harder and harder for cops to “make the
numbers” that show they’re doing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle
through out-of-date tickets that haven’t been paid – anything they could turn into a “crime.” I
finally decided to turn myself in. which is how 1 found myself, one August evening, handcuffed
at the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us tales of his days in the
1980s. “Times sure have changed.” he said, shaking his head at us statistically useful nuisances.
Eventually I was led into a courtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the
door. I wanted to complain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty of
for another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Giuliani s clean streets come
with a price. If only the mayor would neglect to pay a ticket.
57. According to the passage, the author is probably _____.
A. an urban young professional
B. a narrow-minded journalist
C. a criminal wanted by the police
D. a traffic offender
58. The author was arrested primarily because _____.
A. he once stuck a piece of pink paper in his back pocket
B. he used his mother's address on the driver's license

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
C. he had robbed convenience shops before
D. he drank some beer one night on the street
59. The word
A. mild-mannered prisoners
B. trouble makers
C. new arrivals
D. hardened criminals
60. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that _____.
A. New York policemen are doing a good job cracking down on crimes
B. not everyone agrees with the mayor's management of the city
C. the crime rate has been reduced at the expense of citizens' convenience
D. everyone including the mayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime
61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The author pleaded guilty and was set free.
B. Policemen were trying hard to please their superiors.
C. Many so-called crimes were only trifle things.
D. It's no use complaining to cops when you are caught.
62. The tone of the passage is ______.
A. satirical B. objective C. praiseful D. complaining
Passage Three
Ewen Cameron is long dead but his ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily
strict rules are being considered to protect the subjects of psychological research.
Cameron was a scientist straight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable
academic. But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials,
superficially to examine Rudolf Hess's psychological state. Many people believe that he also
studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he never internalized the Nuremberg
declaration that prohibits human experiments where risk outweighs “humanitarian importance.”
Throughout the 1950s, Cameron ran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where
patients were used as guinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT
“therapy” twice daily, others were drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or months, injected
with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensory deprivation.
Compensation has been paid to most surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological
sciences has not entirely gone away. Nor has the need for patients’ rights to be guaranteed.
Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, even though many were not
in position to understand what it meant.
The strict new rules for psychological research now under discussion can partly be
understood in the light of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that no one
can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.
All well and good, except that psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can
leave an experiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, many psychological experiments
would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactly what they were testing.
There is much to debate about the rights of patients and experimental subjects. The
committee drawing up the code has apparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.
No one should do anything until this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest
and study these submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.
63. According to the author, we may conclude that _____.
A. Cameron was a dedicated and responsible scientist
B. Cameron was interested in unveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological state
C. Cameron tried to ensure that his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the
experiments
D. Cameron unmistakably violated the subjects’ rights
64. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the second paragraph?
A. Cameron’s appearance might misrepresent his true personality.
B. Probing into the psychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s profession.
C. Cameron did not observe the stipulation relating to human experiments.
D. People believed that he had undisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.
65. We can infer from this passage that _____.
A. making compensation for the subjects’ loss was illegal
B. some subjects in Cameron’s experiments died
C. people have been quite indifferent to the subjects’ rights

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
D. as a rule, people are fully supportive of psychological sciences
66. The committee responsible for working out the rules governing psychological research
_____.
A. has to give top priority to psychological advances
B. is bombarded with criticisms from the public
C. is expected to take into account all the reactions to the drafting
D. should rely on those willing to sacrifice their own interests
67. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological research is that _____.
A. the rules can do little to protect the patients’ rights
B. people may withdraw from the experiments in fear of damage to their own interests
C. it would be impossible to sort out anything valuable from the comments on the rules
D. people’s response to psychological sciences is overwhelmingly negative
Passage Four
Some accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over
for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a
computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on film — as is the case at
hundreds of intersections in more than 60 cities around the U. S. — it's hard to talk your way out
of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing
last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so- called red-light cameras
were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.
The first U. S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on camera, the ruling
by judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments
swear, and studies indicate, that the robocams (robot cameras) deter people from speeding and
running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans
support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, and
opponents — ranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties
Union — argue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.
Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that
handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violations — often with minimal
police oversight — and have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies
get paid as much as $$ 70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has
got in $$15. 9 million since October 1998, and Washington $$12. 8 million since August 1999. “It's
all about money,” says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer,
Washington's executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is
making money off that, that is American way.”
Critics counter that there must be other, less intrusive ways to make intersections safer, such
as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. “I object to this fixation we have with
cameras and electronically gathered information,” says Barr. “It places too much confidence in
technology.” That confidence, as Washington residents have learned, can be misplaced. The city
removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly
confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than
they really were. The city suspended the system in July.
Another concern is privacy. While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina
photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a
picture of the driver s seat as well — a bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying
spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic violation.
In Europe, where speedcams are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than
they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out
hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.
68. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph that _____.
A. people respond differently when caught in traffic offense
B. motorists can be wrongly accused by police officers
C. speeders cannot defend themselves before red-light cameras
D. computer-driven cameras sometimes do tell lies
69. The court decision last week _____.
A. triggered a dispute over the use of robocams
B. immuned few camera-caught violators from punishment
C. found fewer red-light camera supporters in America
D. deterred some states from implementing camera devices
70. Opponents’ arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _____.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. they intrude into people’s privacy
B. they give priority to the pursuit of profit
C. they are operated by private firms
D. they are under the supervision of police
71. Police department believes that _____.
A. robocams should not be operated by private firms
B. robocams arc effective in maintaining traffic order
C. speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalities
D. companies operating cameras should riot pursue money only
72. The phrase “chump change” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. trivial B. moderate C. enormous D. indefinite
73. According to the passage. Bob Barr _____.
A. is the majority leader in the House of Representatives
B. is strongly against the American way of making money
C. lacks confidence in modern technology
D. doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information
74. The writer s attitude towards speedcams can be best expressed as _____.
A. positive B. negative C. indifferent D. uncertain
75. Drivers in European countries _____.
A. get angry at the red-light cameras
B. destroy thousands of the speedcams
C. take the initiative in the use of speedcams
D. take drastic measures with speedcams
Passage Five
Now and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set
up camp in more familiar territory. Such expeditions don’t often yield surprises, but it’s always
reassuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.
Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony
Brook. To prove their theory — that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer
than a superior — they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes
about when they got angry and what they did about it.
The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure,
and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends.
While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody
had ever looked at anger this way before.
Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National
Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that
when one person hurts another, forgiveness “is associated with restored relational closeness
following an interpersonal transgression.” Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up
strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their
actions.
Psychologists, however, aren’t the only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.
Some boldly going where few have gone don’t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years,
researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to
data from stations on the Ross Ice Shelf — where almost all those taking part in Robert Scott's
ill-fated South Pole expedition perished sometime between late February and mid- March of 1912
— temperatures as low as those recorded in Scott’s journal have been documented only once in
the past 15 years.
This evidence led to one inexorable conclusion about what killed Scott and most of his party:
it was the cold.
76. According to the author, the scientists who do researches in more familiar territory _____.
A. have confirmed what we have already known
B. have looked at things in new ways
C. have had important discoveries by studying the obvious
D. have done some useless work
77. Which of the following is NOT true according to the psychologists at Stony Brook?
A. When people get angry, their blood pressure changes.
B. People are less likely to show their anger to their family members.
C. People tend to let off their grievance at home.
D. They have looked at anger in a unique way.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
78. The psychologists in Maryland have proved that when one person hurts another, ______.
A. it is easier for them to make up if they have very close relations
B. it is easier for them to make up if they show their intimacy
C. they should kiss each other to make it up
D. they should find a sound scientific basis to make up
79. According to the research on the Ross Ice Shelf, Robert Scott’s expedition failed because
_____.
A. most of the expeditioners couldn't stand hardships
B. Robert Scott should not have chosen to go there in winter
C. it was exceptionally cold on Antarctica that year
D. Robert Scott did not pay much attention to the temperature record of Antarctica
80. It is implied in the passage that _____.
A. people should not bottle up their anger at their family members or friends
B. bold researches would lead to radical conclusions
C. what scientists say is not necessarily important
D. researchers should shift from the edge of knowledge to familiar fields
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on
how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are
almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few years, and then they’re at a
loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly
dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It's inherent in the type of
business.”
In many corners of Silicon Valley — and elsewhere — unpredictability is inevitable. One
solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a
“very strong service business,” a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between
innovations.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
4年来，中国两次成功地克服了全球经济衰退（reces sion）的冲击，实现了经济持续快
速增长。目前，中国面临的问题是如何将国内13亿人口变成真正 意义上的消费者，从而开
辟更广阔的国内市场。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions：Write a composition of approximately 150 words according to the topic given below:
TOPIC:
Studying abroad has gained popularity in China. In the past, many students went abroad
after their college education. Currently, those going abroad are mostly middle-school students
aged 16~19. Do you think it is a good idea for the teenagers to study at broad? Give at least three
reasons to support your viewpoint.
2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
1
6. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.
A. reveal B. underline C. improve D. integrate
17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.
A. justice B. bias C participation D. regionalism
ale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.
A. considered B. stipulated C raised D. stimulated
19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.
A. set foot on B. lose their heart to C. set their mind on D. get hold of
20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.
A. approximately B. exactly C. less than D. more than
21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.
A. pulled out B. pulled in C. pulled down D. pulled up
22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
A. observe B. memorize C. comment D. request
23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the
human brain.
A. likeness B. relation C. contradiction D. difference
24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in
some aspects.
A. practically B. wonderfully C. beneficially D. seemingly

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
25. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.
A. so-called B. well-known C. esteemed D. undoubted
Section B (0. 5 point each)
2
6. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig's genetic _.
A. reservoir B. warehouse C. pool D. storehouse
27. The chairman said that he was prepared to the younger people in the decision making.
A. put up with B. make way for
C. shed light on D. lake charge of
28. Tom is angry at Linda because she him all the time.
A. sets... up B. puts…down C. runs…out D. drops...in
29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a._ characteristic of intelligence.
A. defining B .declining C. defeating D. deceiving
30. Our picnic having been by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it
cleared up.
A. destroyed B. undermined C. spoilt D. contaminated
31. 1 was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of were pretty ordinary.
A. despised B. resented C worshipped D. ridiculed
32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s with a group.
A. specification B. unification C notification D. identification
33. The . from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the
soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.
A. brain damage B. brain trust C. brain fever D. brain drain
34. This matter settled, we decided to to the next item on the agenda.
A. succeed B. exceed C. proceed D. precede
35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often_ you for
being a good conversationalist.
A. complement B. compliment C. compel D. complain
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)
Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for
ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements.
Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37.
Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three
hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they
will have been 39 360.000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms,
and schools.
Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high
speed 41 . Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42
basketball player earned $$ 3. 9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that
much to 43 their products.
There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses, and trucks. They dec-
orate the inside of taxis and subways—even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to
us in supermarkets, stores, elevators— and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some
countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly
from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail.
47 Insider's Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency,
the estimated 48 _of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $$ 275.5
billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $$411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected
$$434.4 billion for 1998. Big money!
What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 50 it this way:
most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images,
values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and
our attitudes shape our behavior.
36. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually
37. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. commodities
38. A. through B. up C. in D. about
39. A. taken to B. spent in C .expected of D. exposed to
40. A. incidents B .affairs C. events D. programs
41. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages
42. A. top-heavy B. lop-talented C. top-secret D. top-ranking
43. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
44. A. Audio B. Studio
45. A. since B. while
16. A. toss out B. lay down
47. A. It is said that B. Apart from
48. A. digit B. amount
49. A. raised B. elevated
50. A. said B. recorded
C. Oral D. Video
C. even D. if
C. blow out D. break down
C. According to D. Including in
C. account D. budget
C. roared D. soared
C. told D. put
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage On
For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising,
since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these
immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.
Historian John Keegan writes. ''Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945. killed no
one. The 50,000.000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed
by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the
transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons
have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where
drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow
to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.
Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason
lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the
1990s took place in countries that are poor too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems.
Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is
approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault
rifles.
Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single
rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and
maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child
can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.
The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some
African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars' worth of small arms and
light weapons- not with money, hut with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.
Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal
organizations lo use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns
in the other.
51. It is implied in the passage that________.
A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control
B. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement
C. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished
D. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago
52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because.._______.
A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism
B. They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons
C .They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time
D. They face other more important problems such as pollution?
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?
A. Small arms are cheap.
B. Small arms arc powerful.
C. Small arms are easier to use,
D. Small arms are easier to get.
54. We can conclude from the passage that ___.
A. small arms are not expensive in the black-market
B. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond
C .criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms
D. where there are drugs, there are small arms
55. The best title for this passage is________,
A. Small Arms Talks. Not Nuclear Arms Talks
B. Neglect of Small Arms Control
C. Global Traffic in Small Arms
D. Small Arms. Big Problems

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Passage Two
In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are
developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world
market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to
hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What has been a consequence?
Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who
take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to
using other methods of medical treatment.
In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are
now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies.
that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling.
said Consumer Reports of May 2000.
The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) observed.
therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in
medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national
attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public,
In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical
practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on
alternative medicine, including Harvard. Stanford. University of Arizona, and Yale.
JAMA noted.
condition also used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is
popular throughout the industrialized world.
The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a
general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded,
medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine.
56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies .
A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugs
B. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years
C. spend more money on their advertisements than on their products
D. have produced some ineffective drugs
57. The sentence
implies that ,
A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished
B. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs
C. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable
D. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies
58. According to the passage, alternative therapies .
A. axe widely taught in the U. S. medical schools now
B. have been approved by U. S. government
C. have been used by many American patients
D. are as popular as conventional medicine
59. JAMA seems to suggest that .
A. U. S- government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies
B. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients
C .pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies
D. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands
60. It is implied in the passage that .
A. we should take as little western medicine as possible
B. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced
C. herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans
D. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not he guaranteed
Passage Three
Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting
life, scientists announced last week.
The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our
home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off
planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.
Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered.
Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and
of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out
how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.
Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded
them with hypothetical Earths in
to support life.
The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its
temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely lo survive.
The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae
Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.
Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris- one is two and half
times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the
Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and
brighter than the sun.

requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in
a liquid state,
NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years
which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planet.-..
61. It is suggested in this passage that .
A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our
galaxy
B. theoretically there are a great number of Earth- like planets capable of supporting
life
C. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life
D. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe
62. The
A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun
B. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for life
C. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight
D. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system
63. Barrie Jones And Nick Sleep have found .
A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun
B. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter
C. the ways lo tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets
D. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems
64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _ _.
A. in the group of stars known as Great Bear
B. 2. 5 times as big as Jupiter
C. smaller than our system
D. impossible for us to reach at present time.
65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone m any solar system
is that it must have .
A. enough water and proper temperature B. enough oxygen and hydrogen
C. enough air and sunlight D. enough water in any slate
Passage Four
Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices. Vice President Al Gore has another
idea to get people out of their cars- Spend billions on mass transit- $$25 billion to be exact. Last
week. Gore unveiled his
upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed

choice.
The federal government has been trying to
Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail
systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do
much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned
transit systems. Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.
The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass
transit can be. Yet Portland s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model.
Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a
multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro s own figures, the light-rail system is doing

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus.
Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $$62 per round trip.
Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the
cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.
66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems .
A. are characterized by low consumption of gasoline
B. have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic
C. aim at monitoring the public traffic
D. are financially profitable
67. What does the author say about the federal government?
A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.
B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.
C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.
D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.
68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?
A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.
B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.
C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.
D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.
69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression
means .
A. an incredible story B. an untrue story
C. a story giving a warning D. a story teaching a moral lesson
70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?
A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.
B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic
congestion.
C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light- rail
system.
D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.
Passage Five
In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines
of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive,
that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and
permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.
Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious
relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and
deadly enemies, then business has no long- range future. It is self-evident that government, as the
only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle
that is reduced to naked power.
A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and
government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other.
Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own
regularities of procedure and behavior but at bottom these rest up on more fundamental patterns
of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.
The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct
responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern,
government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly
inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society's sole purpose is to achieve a bare
survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of
economic arrangements.
71. Many people think government and business are ,
A. the struggle between the two parties has always existed
B. they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries
C. they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities
D. the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end
72. The third paragraph mainly discusses .
A. how government and business depend on each other
B. why social order is important to business activities
C. why it is necessary for business to rely on government

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
D. how business can develop and maintain order
73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?
A. They mostly aim at helping people to survive.
B. They can be conducted as well as those by business.
C. They are the ones that business cannot do well.
D. They are comparatively modern phenomena.
74. We can conclude from the passage that ,
A. it is difficult for government and business to have good relations
B. it is difficult to study the relations between government and business
C. government should dominate economic activities
D. government and business should not oppose each other
Passage Six
Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it's got to be done,
but the price can be high.
Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former
employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive.
So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it
is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks.
Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car
industries.
The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one
thing in common-they fought powerful vested interests (既得利益者) with scientific data that
those interests wished would go away.
Commercial companies are not. of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments
have a habit of backing the ideas of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version:
scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of
those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.
For example, Alfred Wegener's idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet
was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. This idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s,
when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for
his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE (疯牛病) were caused by a
protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally, in 1997, he
received a Nobel Prize for his idea.
Western science has always thrived on individualism-one person's ambition to topple a theory.
So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their
institutions.
With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university
research-- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research..
Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more difficult.
Yet we cannot afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if
governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link
between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and
premature death.
75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that .
A. individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives
B. personality plays a crucial role in the advances of science
C. originality of thinking is the key to the advances of science
D. the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements
76. Jeffrey Wigand's idea about the nature of cigarette .
A. was similar to that of the tobacco company
B. sounded ridiculous to the general pubic
C. was reached purely out of personal interests
D. should he regarded as scientifically true
77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because .
A. his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company
B. he had been eager to defeat his company
C. his idea was scientifically invalid
D. he had long been an enemy of the company
78. The underlined phrase ctonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to
A .the study of the structure of the earth

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. scientific study of the climate of the earth
C. the theory that the earth s surface consists of plates in constant motion
D. the theory that the earth's surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body
79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that .
A. governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies
B. scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests
C. scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted
D. scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs
80. The author seems to be suggesting that .
A. the vested interests are sometimes an obstacle to the progress of science
B. governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment
C. a timely response to people's demand is appreciated by the academia
D. the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we do not stand against
terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists
by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building
an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world's people.
The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and
the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region
are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And
this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.
S
也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉的家书措辞不够优美，气息也不够现代，其实这正是
我们所需要的，毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去的，那亘古不变的魔力足以超出
我们的想像。
TOPIC: The Increase in Graduate Students' Enrollment

Study the following chart carefully, then write a composition to:
(1) describe the changes in the graduate students' enrollment in the past four years;
(2) give possible reasons for the changes.
2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
1
6. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.
A. reveal B. underline C. improve D. integrate
17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.
A. justice B. bias C participation D. regionalism
ale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.
A. considered B. stipulated C raised D. stimulated
19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.
A. set foot on B. lose their heart to C. set their mind on D. get hold of
20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.
A. approximately B. exactly C. less than D. more than
21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.
A. pulled out B. pulled in C. pulled down D. pulled up
22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
A. observe B. memorize C. comment D. request
23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the
human brain.
A. likeness B. relation C. contradiction D. difference
24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in
some aspects.
A. practically B. wonderfully C. beneficially D. seemingly
25. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.
A. so-called B. well-known C. esteemed D. undoubted
Section B (0. 5 point each)
2
6. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig's genetic _.
A. reservoir B. warehouse C. pool D. storehouse
27. The chairman said that he was prepared to the younger people in the decision making.
A. put up with B. make way for
C. shed light on D. lake charge of

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
28. Tom is angry at Linda because she him all the time.
A. sets... up B. puts…down C. runs…out D. drops...in
29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a._ characteristic of intelligence.
A. defining B .declining C. defeating D. deceiving
30. Our picnic having been by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it
cleared up.
A. destroyed B. undermined C. spoilt D. contaminated
31. 1 was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of were pretty ordinary.
A. despised B. resented C worshipped D. ridiculed
32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s with a group.
A. specification B. unification C notification D. identification
33. The . from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the
soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.
A. brain damage B. brain trust C. brain fever D. brain drain
34. This matter settled, we decided to to the next item on the agenda.
A. succeed B. exceed C. proceed D. precede
35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often_ you for
being a good conversationalist.
A. complement B. compliment C. compel D. complain
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)
Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for
ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements.
Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37.
Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three
hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they
will have been 39 360.000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms,
and schools.
Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high
speed 41 . Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42
basketball player earned $$ 3. 9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that
much to 43 their products.
There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses, and trucks. They dec-
orate the inside of taxis and subways—even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to
us in supermarkets, stores, elevators— and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some
countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly
from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail.
47 Insider's Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency,
the estimated 48 _of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $$ 275.5
billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $$411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected
$$434.4 billion for 1998. Big money!
What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 50 it this way:
most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images,
values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and
our attitudes shape our behavior.
36. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually
37. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. commodities
38. A. through B. up C. in D. about
39. A. taken to B. spent in C .expected of D. exposed to
40. A. incidents B .affairs C. events D. programs
41. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages
42. A. top-heavy B. lop-talented C. top-secret D. top-ranking
43. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update
44. A. Audio B. Studio C. Oral D. Video
45. A. since B. while C. even D. if
16. A. toss out B. lay down C. blow out D. break down
47. A. It is said that B. Apart from C. According to D. Including in
48. A. digit B. amount C. account D. budget
49. A. raised B. elevated C. roared D. soared
50. A. said B. recorded C. told D. put
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Passage On
For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising,
since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these
immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.
Historian John Keegan writes. ''Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945. killed no
one. The 50,000.000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed
by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the
transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons
have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where
drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow
to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.
Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason
lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the
1990s took place in countries that are poor too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems.
Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is
approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault
rifles.
Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single
rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and
maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child
can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.
The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some
African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars' worth of small arms and
light weapons- not with money, hut with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.
Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal
organizations lo use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns
in the other.
51. It is implied in the passage that________.
A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control
B. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement
C. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished
D. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago
52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because.._______.
A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism
B. They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons
C .They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time
D. They face other more important problems such as pollution?
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?
A. Small arms are cheap.
B. Small arms arc powerful.
C. Small arms are easier to use,
D. Small arms are easier to get.
54. We can conclude from the passage that ___.
A. small arms are not expensive in the black-market
B. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond
C .criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms
D. where there are drugs, there are small arms
55. The best title for this passage is________,
A. Small Arms Talks. Not Nuclear Arms Talks
B. Neglect of Small Arms Control
C. Global Traffic in Small Arms
D. Small Arms. Big Problems
Passage Two
In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are
developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world
market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to
hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What has been a consequence?
Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who
take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to
using other methods of medical treatment.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are
now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies.
that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling.
said Consumer Reports of May 2000.
The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) observed.
therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in
medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national
attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public,
In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical
practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on
alternative medicine, including Harvard. Stanford. University of Arizona, and Yale.
JAMA noted.
condition also used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is
popular throughout the industrialized world.
The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a
general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded,
medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine.
56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies .
A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugs
B. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years
C. spend more money on their advertisements than on their products
D. have produced some ineffective drugs
57. The sentence
implies that ,
A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished
B. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs
C. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable
D. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies
58. According to the passage, alternative therapies .
A. axe widely taught in the U. S. medical schools now
B. have been approved by U. S. government
C. have been used by many American patients
D. are as popular as conventional medicine
59. JAMA seems to suggest that .
A. U. S- government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies
B. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients
C .pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies
D. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands
60. It is implied in the passage that .
A. we should take as little western medicine as possible
B. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced
C. herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans
D. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not he guaranteed
Passage Three
Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting
life, scientists announced last week.
The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our
home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off
planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.
Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered.
Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and
of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.
Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out
how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.
Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded
them with hypothetical Earths in
to support life.
The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its
temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely lo survive.
The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.
Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris-one is two and half
times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the
Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and
brighter than the sun.

requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in
a liquid state,
NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years
which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planet.-..
61. It is suggested in this passage that .
A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our
galaxy
B. theoretically there are a great number of Earth- like planets capable of supporting
life
C. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life
D. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe
62. The
A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun
B. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for life
C. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight
D. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system
63. Barrie Jones And Nick Sleep have found .
A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun
B. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter
C. the ways lo tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets
D. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems
64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _ _.
A. in the group of stars known as Great Bear
B. 2. 5 times as big as Jupiter
C. smaller than our system
D. impossible for us to reach at present time.
65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone m any solar system
is that it must have .
A. enough water and proper temperature B. enough oxygen and hydrogen
C. enough air and sunlight D. enough water in any slate
Passage Four
Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices. Vice President Al Gore has another
idea to get people out of their cars- Spend billions on mass transit- $$25 billion to be exact. Last
week. Gore unveiled his
upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed

choice.
The federal government has been trying to
Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail
systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do
much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned
transit systems. Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.
The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass
transit can be. Yet Portland s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model.
Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a
multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro s own figures, the light-rail system is doing
little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus.
Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $$62 per round trip.
Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the
cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.
66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems .
A. are characterized by low consumption of gasoline
B. have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic
C. aim at monitoring the public traffic

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
D. are financially profitable
67. What does the author say about the federal government?
A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.
B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.
C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.
D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.
68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?
A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.
B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.
C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.
D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.
69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression
means .
A. an incredible story B. an untrue story
C. a story giving a warning D. a story teaching a moral lesson
70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?
A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.
B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic
congestion.
C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light- rail
system.
D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.
Passage Five
In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines
of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive,
that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and
permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.
Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious
relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and
deadly enemies, then business has no long- range future. It is self-evident that government, as the
only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle
that is reduced to naked power.
A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and
government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other.
Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own
regularities of procedure and behavior but at bottom these rest up on more fundamental patterns
of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.
The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct
responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern,
government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly
inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society's sole purpose is to achieve a bare
survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of
economic arrangements.
71. Many people think government and business are ,
A. the struggle between the two parties has always existed
B. they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries
C. they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities
D. the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end
72. The third paragraph mainly discusses .
A. how government and business depend on each other
B. why social order is important to business activities
C. why it is necessary for business to rely on government
D. how business can develop and maintain order
73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?
A. They mostly aim at helping people to survive.
B. They can be conducted as well as those by business.
C. They are the ones that business cannot do well.
D. They are comparatively modern phenomena.
74. We can conclude from the passage that ,
A. it is difficult for government and business to have good relations

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. it is difficult to study the relations between government and business
C. government should dominate economic activities
D. government and business should not oppose each other
Passage Six
Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it's got to be done,
but the price can be high.
Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former
employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive.
So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it
is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks.
Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car
industries.
The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one
thing in common-they fought powerful vested interests (既得利益者) with scientific data that
those interests wished would go away.
Commercial companies are not. of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments
have a habit of backing the ideas of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version:
scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of
those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.
For example, Alfred Wegener's idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet
was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. This idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s,
when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for
his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE (疯牛病) were caused by a
protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally, in 1997, he
received a Nobel Prize for his idea.
Western science has always thrived on individualism-one person's ambition to topple a theory.
So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their
institutions.
With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university
research-- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research..
Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more difficult.
Yet we cannot afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if
governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link
between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and
premature death.
75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that .
A. individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives
B. personality plays a crucial role in the advances of science
C. originality of thinking is the key to the advances of science
D. the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements
76. Jeffrey Wigand's idea about the nature of cigarette .
A. was similar to that of the tobacco company
B. sounded ridiculous to the general pubic
C. was reached purely out of personal interests
D. should he regarded as scientifically true
77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because .
A. his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company
B. he had been eager to defeat his company
C. his idea was scientifically invalid
D. he had long been an enemy of the company
78. The underlined phrase ctonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to
A .the study of the structure of the earth
B. scientific study of the climate of the earth
C. the theory that the earth s surface consists of plates in constant motion
D. the theory that the earth's surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body
79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that .
A. governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies
B. scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests
C. scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted
D. scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
80. The author seems to be suggesting that .
A. the vested interests are sometimes an obstacle to the progress of science
B. governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment
C. a timely response to people's demand is appreciated by the academia
D. the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we do not stand against
terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists
by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building
an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world's people.
The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and
the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region
are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And
this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.
S
也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉的家书措辞不够优美，气息也不 够现代，其实这正是
我们所需要的，毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去的，那亘古不变的魔力足以 超出
我们的想像。
TOPIC: The Increase in Graduate Students' Enrollment

Study the following chart carefully, then write a composition to:
(1) describe the changes in the graduate students' enrollment in the past four years;
(2) give possible reasons for the changes.
2003年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )
21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more
vulnerable to terrorist attacks.
A. declaring B. verifying C. making D. indicating
22. The 8. 5-ton Shenzhou Ⅲ spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the
life- support system.
A. technologically B. considerably C. structurally D. internally
23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.
A. compose B. overthrow C. dispose D. surpass
24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.
A. participate in B. cater to C. indulge in D. see to
25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.
A. astonishing B. humiliating C. noticeable D. fleeting
26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much
attention.
A. carried on B. taken on C. worked on D. embarked on
27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated
simultaneously.
A. once in a while B. at the same time
C. in a broad seller D. as soon as possible
28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.
A. specific B. active C. creative D. confident
29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff.
A. proficiency B. grasp C. efficiency D. competition
30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.
A. set apart B. leave out C. go about D. put up
Section B (0. 5 point each)
31. Some of the old customs have continued ______ politeness although they are no longer
thought about now.
A. in the way of B. in the eyes of
C. in the face of D. in the form of
32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one's ________ with a group.
A. identification B. specification C. introduction D. superstition
33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association
that schools should continue to test, if they so choose.
A. preserves B. safeguards C. maintains D. conserves

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for anyone with
the Internet________.
A. entrance B. admission C. access D. involvement
35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of .
A. mobility B. morality C. maturity D. mortality
36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are lives can be saved.
A. impulsive B. responsive C. destructive D. speculative
37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were by wild animals.
A. resided B. inhabited C. segregated D. exhibited
38. Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours if
possible.
A. on purpose B. on hand C. on credit D. on end
39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature .
A. reserves B. preservatives C. conservatives D. reservations
40. The young lady is Mr. Smith's step-daughter, her parents having died in an accident.
A. ecological B. psychological C. physiological D. biological
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)
No one knows for sure whether the type of tea you drink makes a difference in health, but
experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of
antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance to
change its chemical 43 . But, the way tea is processed can change antioxidant levels 44
color and taste.
Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green
tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed to fully oxidize and ferment (发酵)
the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in
health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of
teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plant, which are still covered with whitish hairs
when they're picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black teas
contain only about half as much caffeine as coffee.
Herbal teas are something 49 different. They arc made from the leaves, flowers or roots
of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects.
41. A. advantages B. benefits C. merits D. profits
42. A. where it B. that C. which D. when it
43. A. elements B. ingredients C. fragment D. composition
44. A. as well as B. as it is C. as far as D. as it were
45. A. faint B. mild C. tender D. gentle
46. A. joins in B. hands in C. results in D. gives in
47. A. composes of B. makes out C. makes up D. consists of
48. A. less B. the least C. more D. the most
49. A. entirely B. inevitably C. enormously D. irresistibly
50. A. in case of B. in proportion to C. in exchange for D. in terms of
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage One
Singletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well- meaning friends
and family and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that
they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.
A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living
alone is putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.
For a number of reasons—relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller
families—the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable
pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal
species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system
just for selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over- populated planet.
efficiency of resource consumption
because they share everything. Well imagine that. Just when you thought living alone was OK,
you would find that all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle
on the stove for a cup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your
mother who is a bit worried by your continuing single status—you are letting down the entire
human race by not having a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group
instinct and people panic and hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
away from the
The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are
assimilated into a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.
Try
time,laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV series
Friends.
And the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your
own is not allowed.
51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that .
A. they should end their singledom as soon as possible
B. they should live together with other singletons
C. singledom is an acceptable life-style
D. singledom can shorten one's life-span
52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as
mentioned in the passage?
A. Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.
B. Now people can afford to support a household individually.
C. Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.
D. Many people live much longer than before.
53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is .
A. harmful to people's life B. destructive to our ecosystem
C. dangerous to plants and animals D. unworkable in our society
54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually .
A. self-reliant B. self- conscious
C. self-sufficient D. self-centered
55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is .
A. abnormal B. diversified C. unimaginable D. disgusting
56. The author suggests that singletons should .
A. find boy friends or girl friends
B. live with their parents and other family members
C. live together and share more with their friends
D. watch more episodes of the TV series Friends
Passage Two
In 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next big
issue: Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel's brother had become blind
from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a
disorder passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance of
having the condition. A girl would lie unaffected. The British couple's inquiries about sex
selection led them to Virginia, U. S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort,
was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now
they will try lo have a second daughter using the same technique.
The technique separates sperm into two groups—those that carry the X-chromosome (染色
体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.
The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of a laboratory in January 2003 in
California marked the company's first expansion.
this technology is greater than those who have access to it,
clinical director.
This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child's gender. It also brings a host of
ethical (伦理的) and practical considerations—especially for the majority of families who use the
technique for nonmedical reasons.
The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-
linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a child to
having a baby of the opposite sex.
Blauer said the company has had an impressive success rate: 91 percent of the women who
become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and
get pregnant are successful.
The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y
chromosome. A machine is used to distinguish the size differences and sort the sperm
accordingly.
57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. Because they might give birth lo a blind baby.
B. Because Carl might pass his family's disease to his son.
C. Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.
D. Because they warned a daughter to balance their family.
58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique .
A. had already been well-developed B. had not been declared successful
C. was available to those who wanted it D. had been widely accepted in the medical
world
59. Which of the following is the author's primary concern regarding the application of the new
technology?
A. The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.
B. Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.
C. The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.
D. Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population.
60. According to Mr. Blauer. by using the new technology, .
A. 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls
B. 76% of the women get pregnant with boys
C. it is more successful for those who want to have girls
D. it is more successful for those who want to have boys
61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for
babies' sex .
A. are of different shapes B. are of different sizes
C. can be identified D. can be reproduced
62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology .
A. may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire
B. is used by most families for nonmedical reasons
C. has brought an insoluble ethical dilemma for mankind
D. will lead to a larger proportion of females in the population
Passage Three
Without question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time—particularly at the
top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock
each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due
course become the biggest bargains.
It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide
exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left on his hands and be glad to
sell the lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to
make up and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost
merely to keep his employees busy during a slack period. He is likely to have a good many

Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to
be extra critical. For example the
they were perfect. (The term
than
price which is in fact fictitious. Misdescription of this and all other kinds is much practiced by
the men who run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the
district the day after the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may
say 100 leftwhen in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say at
half-price
buyer beware
63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?
A. Cheapest goods. B. Newest goods.
C. Seasonal goods. D. Goods in stock.
64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT .
A. surplus goods B. low-cost goods
C. the end lot goods D. exceptionally valued goods
65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may .
A. have his goods produced at low cost
B. sell his goods at a very low price
C. have his employees sell his goods
D. try to produce high quality goods

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
66. The passage suggest-, that
A. are of better quality than
B. attract buyers as particularly good bargains
C. are defective but marked as perfect
D. are goods with serious defects
67. The word .
A. dressing again B. change of address
C. compensation for something wrong D. selling the same product at different prices
68. During sales shoppers should .
A. find the best bargains at every opportunity B. beware of being cheated
C. buy things that are necessary D. pay more attention to the price
Passage Four
How many of today's ailments, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can
these be alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the
emotional problems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat by the use of
anti-depressants but he would not remove the root cause of their depression—the feeling of being
useless, often unwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.
One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and
particularly psychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for
merely that drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects (as
happened in the case of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers) but the uneasiness of
doctors who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease
itself. On the other hand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases (such as chronic depressive
illness) it is impossible to get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state.
Even prolonged psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be
lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not
only that they have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause of depression can
be tackled better when the |patient himself feels better. This controversy is concerned, however,
with the serious psychological illnesses. It does not solve the problem of those whose headaches,
indigestion, backache, etc. are due to Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe
them to some physical cause and as a matter of routine prescribe a drug. Once again the
symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.
It may he true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come
to the ordinary doctor's attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is
serious indeed.
69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills .
A. could be ineffective in some cases B. usually have harmful side
effects
C. can greatly alleviate the illnesses D. can remove the root causes
70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on .
A. whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients
B. how psychologists should treat their patients
C. the fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effects
D. the extent to which drugs should be used lo fight psychological illness
71. The passage indicates that psychologists .
A. find it impossible to remove a psychological disease
B. feel dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs
C. believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored
D. can do nothing if the patient is in a depressed state
72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they .
A. are at a loss for treatment
B. have no right to use drugs
C. have to cure their patients by any means
D. should use drugs lo treat the symptoms
73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of .
A. a more serious disease B. some emotional problem
C. a physical disorder D. prolonged work
74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels .
A. concerned B. hopeless C. surprised D. disappointed
Passage Five

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Those who make the rules for financial institutions probably should take a modified oath.
Their pledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me are unclear, don't
approve them.
Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a
dim light on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve us a wake-up call for true believers in
our current regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which
Morris seems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.
Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and
again, how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into
mortgage, currency, thrift (互助储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of
Regulation Q, an attempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by
regulating interest rates, reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep
harm such foolish thinking can do to the real economy.
After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers,
Morris draws some pessimistic conclusions:
responses come only after a crisis hits its example, it the S&.L crisis of the
1980s to bring honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn't until the banking sector suffered huge
losses in real estate sad foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.
So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation
gone bad, asserts that regulation is absolutely necessary, that it is the essential plumbing in our
economic house. Nevertheless, Mr. Morris should have noticed that plumbing requires plumbers,
and while a good one can keep a house functional, a rotten plumber can turn a minor drip into a
ruinous flood.
75. The passage is primarily concerned with .
A. recommending Morris's new book
B. criticizing Morris's attitude to regulations
C. describing current economic situations
D. commenting on financial regulators
76. Which of the following is true of Money, Greed and Risk?
A. It discusses the importance of plumbing in keeping a house functional.
B. It describes a great number of financial disasters in detail.
C. It analyses the reasons for regulating the banking industry.
D. It emphasizes the flaws in the financial system of the 1930s.
77. Regulation Q is quoted in the passage mainly to .
A. demonstrate what kind of examples Morris has cited in his book
B. illustrate that misguided policies can be very harmful to economy
C. support Morris's statement about the incompetence of Congressmen and bankers
D. refute Morris's conclusion about the foolishness of the government regulations
78. The government regulations often fail to bring the desired result partly because .
A. the regulators do not understand economy well
B. the regulations are enforced before a crisis hits its peak
C. banking executives do not believe in the current regulatory structure
D. the standards for financial institutions are not consistent
79. According to the passage, which of the following is true of Morris?
A. He needn't have recounted so many financial disasters.
B. He has little faith in the present-day regulatory system.
C. He has failed to point out that regulators are more to blame than unwise regulations.
D. His book will undermine the readers' faith in the current regulatory structure.
80. The author's attitude towards Morris's new book can best be described as .
A. scornful B. appreciative C. satirical D. critical
PAPER TWO
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
What's strange about man is that he has yet to learn to settle disputes by some means other
than war. Not only does war take a heavy toll of lives, but leads to increased tension. The use of
sophisticated weapons is apt to bring about disasters to human health, although the reluctance to
eliminate weapons of mass destruction on the part of the big powers will not necessarily end up
with conflicts. The chances are that man will have his own civilization destroyed if the notion of
the survival of the fittest still applies to the international community. We cannot help wondering
how many years it will take for the world to eliminate war once for all.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper
space on Answer Sheet II.
运用世界领先的技术将使中国有可能摆脱贫穷。来中国的国外游客吃惊地发现在以 前
又脏又穷的地方出现了高楼大厦。他们的所见所闻使他们得出的结论是：中国不仅远非落
后， 而且正向小康社会迈进。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions：Write a composition of approximately 150 words according to the topic given below:
TOPIC:
Do you agree with the statement that the traditional teacher- centered lecture format used in
many colleges and universities discourages independent thinking? Give some reasons to support
your point of view.
2004年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed
due to isolation,
A. capable B. ingenious C. innovative D. hard-working
22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women's Lib, many women have found good careers.
A. initiated B. proposed C. supported D. terminated
23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking.
A. confirm B. emphasize C. enhance D. enlighten
24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photograph of a
human flag.
A. surprisingly B. indescribably C. permanently D. uniquely
25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties.
A. information B. intellect C. brain D. wisdom
26. To me, St. Francis embodied the ideal blend of spirituality and public service.
A. composition B. mixture C. elaboration D. speculation
27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.
A. Based on B. Preceding C. Following D. Targeted at
28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.
A. fluctuating B. increasing C. diminishing D. overwhelming
29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get
through the disaster.
A. decisively B. eventually C. somewhat D. somehow
30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner.
A. coming to an end B. still in the air
C. soon to happen D. out of the question
31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to your hero's image?
A. come up with B. live up to C. catch up on D. add up to
32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that .
A. come along B. come by C. come across D. come to
33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would discussions and ignore comments not
in agreement with his.
A. facilitate B. illustrate C. illuminate D. dominate
34. Anderson held out his arms to the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm
and dived.
A. turn off B. ward off C. trigger off D. call off
35. Her excellent of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.
A. standard B. criterion C. evaluation D. command
36. Because colleges can't take all students with basic qualifications, to college is
competitive.
A. admiration B. approach C. admission D. assignment
37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 for the rescue of China's first astronaut.
A. touched down B. turned down C. settled down D. shot down
38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long .
A. tolerate B. bear C. endure D. withhold
39. The belief that it's healthy to let off steam no longer , for we are working under heavy
pressure.
A. holds B. carries C. takes D. stands
40. Handbags made of leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. systematic B. synthetic C. sympathetic D. statistic
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)
People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41
to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction.
classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones,says Jessica
Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK's Chartered Institute of Personnel and
Development.
In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny
Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year
ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44
photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague
from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We 46 doing a
millennium exhibition together.” Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of
fashion and 47 .
However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be
sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance,”
advises Rolphe. “Make sure you are doing a course that really is 50 and that the institute
you are doing it at is highly respected.”
41. A. separately B. spiritually C. specifically D. socially
42. A. updating B. uprising C. uprooting D. upholding
43. A. terms B. occasions C. consequences D. cases
44. A. perspiring B. aspiring C. expiring D. conspiring
45. A. specialty B. phase C. opportunity D. period
46. A. gave in B. ended up C. ceased to D. resulted from
47. A. qualifications B. characters C. portraits D. personalities
48. A. deliver B. delight C. determine D. detect
49. A. up B. for C. into D. in
50. A. redundant B. reserved C. resolved D. relevant
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage One
The worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of
entertaining ourselves.
A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain
himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a
violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music
have declined.
Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies
are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don't do
much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has
been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.
There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a
lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly,
invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves.
The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician
readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to
entertain family or friends by himself?
These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are
historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices
from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer
common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to
them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf.
We're alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.
I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was
about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of
singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language;
they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.
Professional actors' performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own
reading. Because it's mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the
only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and
hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment,

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
51. The main idea of this passage is that .
A. TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and music
B. TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselves
C. people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to sing
D. parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children
52. According to the passage, Italians .
A. only sing songs in Hollywood
B. are no longer fond of music
C. only sing and dance in villages
D. don't sing much nowadays
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?
A. It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.
B. People don't want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.
C. Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.
D. Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people.
54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was .
A. very excited
B. very frightened
C. very nervous
D. very surprised
55. By slating “We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo,” the author means .
A. we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereo
B. we only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereo
C. we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereo
D. we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo
56. The author's attitude toward karaoke is .
A. negative
B. positive
C. neutral
D. indifferent
Passage Two
If those “mad moments”— when you can't recall what your friend has told you or where you
left your keys—are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.
Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which
scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very
young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over
the years,” said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of
California, Los Angeles. “I'm convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or
brain-fitness program,” he added.
In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the
10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills,
minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It's a game plan for
keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.
“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn't mean you should start labeling your
cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back,” he
said.
Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests
give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are
designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if
you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a
distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,” said Small. “You associate the first
thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of
Warren Beatty kissing her brow.”
Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be
anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or
learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing,
He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty
acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧
化剂) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.
57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we .

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. have some mental problems
B. have lost our important things
C. don't listen to what our friends tell us to do
D. fail to remember what should be remembered
58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that .
A. everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one's age
B. we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methods
C. brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30s
D. memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old
59. According to this passage, .
A. the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn't work for everyone
B. Dr. Small's memory tests can show you what to do about brain aging
C. Dr. Small's advice can help us fight brain aging effectively
D. our brains can reconstruct memories themselves
60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly .
A. provides us with the weapons for attacking others
B. introduces the tools that help us fight against memory loss
C. tells us about the important things we should never forget
D. explains the facial features useful for us to remember people
61. By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create...her brow,” Dr. Small is trying to
explain how to use the memory tool of .
A. impressing rapidly
B. minimizing stress
C. connecting related things
D. observing carefully
62. According to Dr. Small, .
A. left- handers may start brain aging later than right- handers do
B. learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting old
C. doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory loss
D. mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain aging
Passage Three
Through the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed
considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it
is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the
beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from
the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in
our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill,
MaoTse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not
only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.
But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are
physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how
and who people lead, but it wasn't easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us
more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders
have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to
what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes
effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective
organizations.
Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership
exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly
inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions don't agree with each other, and many of them
would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect
fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don't always reflect reality and sometimes
they just represent nonsense. It's as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership:
“The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.”
Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked
at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable
why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label
Tar Pits
of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.63. In
regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have .

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. believed in their existence
B. learned to apply them extensively
C. found it very difficult to acquire them
D. been unable to realize their importance
64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show their .
A. different styles of leadership
B. effective exercise of leadership
C. contributions to the theory of leadership
D. wisdom in applying the theory of leadership
65. According to the author, people's opinions of leadership are on the whole quite .
A. divided
B. original
C. misleading
D. sophisticated
66. The author thinks that .
A. many people have labored to be leaders
B. leaders are beyond our understanding
C. the essence of leadership has not been grasped
D. the definitions of leadership should vary
67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that .
A. can be traced back to the prehistoric age
B. are traps for those who want to inquire
C. are located in one place forever
D. don't deserve full investigation
68. This passage is mainly concerned with .
A. the inconsistent theories of leadership
B. the famous leaders and their theories
C. the changes in the trend of leadership
D. the inaccurate definitions of leadership
Passage Four
When you leave a job with a traditional pension, don't assume you've lost the chance to
collect it. You're entitled to whatever benefit you've earned—and you might even be entitled to
take it now. “A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they're 65,
they'll have a bigger benefit,” says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides
corporate pre- retirement education.
Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is
worth. If it's less than $$ 5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close
your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $$5,000 invested over 20 years at
eight percent interest is $$23,000. If your pension is worth more than $$ 5,000, or your company
doesn't offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you're eligible for at the plan's
normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe
penalty for collecting it early. You'll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and
investing it.
What if you left a job years ago, and you're realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a
pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool
that has helped locate $$47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.
If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most
people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan's normal retirement age.
For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three
years early, you'd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.
But that's not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the
employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three
years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.
When you retire early with a defined- contribution plan, the problem is you start spending
investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you're 55, for example,
and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you'll have only about half of what you
would have had if you'd kept working until 65.
69. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, .
A. he tends to forget that he has the pension
B. he has no right to ask for the pension

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
C. he'll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65
D. he has a specified worth of pension
70. If the retiree's pension is less than $$5,000, it is wise of him to .
A. ask the company for a lump-sum payout
B. require his former boss to figure out the value of his pension
C. take the pension with him and make a profit out of it
D. collect the pension at his retirement plan's normal retirement age
71. If one leaves early before his plan's normal retirement age, .
A. he'll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pension
B. he'll have half of his pension payments
C. he'll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a year
D. he'll have only 85 percent of his full pension
72. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to .
A. earn less interest
B. be better off than with a traditional pension
C. start investment immediately
D. get less Social Security benefits
73. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?
A. Your Payout Is Not Guaranteed.
B. The Retirement Dilemma.
C. Leave Early, Lose Big.
D. Take the Pension with You.
74. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year- service basis, he won't get a pension worth
2730ths.
B. It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.
C. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover last benefits.
D. If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won't be severely
affected.
Passage Five
In a landmark decision, U. S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled November 23,
1998, in Mainstream Loudown v. Board of Trustees of the Loudown County Library that the use
of blocking software to restrict Internet access in public libraries is unconstitutional. Despite the
library's claims that its actions were justified in the name of “protecting minors from harmful
content,” Judge Brinkema ruled that the library could not reduce adult access to standards
established for children.
“The use of blocking software in libraries offends the guarantee of free speech,” she ruled,
and “constitutes a prior restraint” on all speech. The Loudown County X-Stop software blocked
access to a wide range of websites, including those of Quakers, the conservative Heritage
Foundation, and AIDS education groups, as well as information about banned books and safe
sex.
Relying on Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, Brinkema rejected arguments that the
installation of such filtering devices constitutes “a library acquisition decision, to which the First
Amendment does not apply.” She pointed out that, since the library had originally provided
uncensored Internet access and had then taken specific actions to limit it, the situation was
analogous to the removal of library materials. The result, she said, was similar to “a collection of
encyclopedias from which defendants have laboriously revised portions deemed unfit for library
patrons.”
Although Brinkema's decision will have a major impact on the development of library
policies nationwide, there is a crucial underlying problem that cannot be resolved through the
legal process. Filtering software is created and produced by private companies that are quite
eager and happy to make all the decisions for us. And by purchasing and installing their products,
we are agreeing to let them do just that. It is to these private companies we are surrendering
selection and access to the Internet's huge database of electronic information. This means that
even the staffs at public libraries have no role in the selection process.
The Washington Coalition Against Censorship's new original T-shirt design advocates the
only solution we can trust to preserve our First Amendment liberties: “Use your brain: the filter
you were born with,”
75. The passage is mainly concerned with .
A. whether it is legal to install computer software in public libraries

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. whether libraries have to remove materials they consider harmful
C. what reading materials public libraries should provide to their patrons
D. what kind of online services public libraries should offer their readers
76. One of the defendant's arguments is that .
A. the First Amendment does not apply to library purchasing decisions
B. certain materials have to be filtered to protect the ethnic minorities
C. adults are guaranteed greater freedom to information than children
D. the library intends to give their readers only healthy information
77. Which of the following statements is NOT true of X-Stop software?
A. It was purchased from a private commercial company.
B. It denied both children and adults access to certain websites.
C. It revised a certain portion of the encyclopedias in the library.
D. Its installation in a county library was declared illegal by the court.
78. Even after the 1998 court decision, the public still have to face the fundamental problem
of .
A. giving up their freedom of speech on the Internet
B. having more restricted access to electronic Information
C. not allowing the librarians to select reading materials for them
D. letting the commercial companies decide what they would read
79. The word “uncensored” in the third paragraph probably means .
A. free B. timely C. beneficial D. restricted
80. According to the author, the decision about what is the best to read lies with .
A. the librarians
B. the individual citizens
C. the government
D. the legal courts
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Although the Bush administration has pledged its commitment to have Iraqis run their
government on their own, peace and order will be long in coming. On one hand, Saddam remains
unaccounted for. On the other hand, surging violence, cases of bloodshed, suicide bombings and
people's taking to streets to protest have plunged the U. S. in an embarrassing situation. Recently,
President Bush has made some remarks that appear intended to address criticism from the
Democratic presidential candidates that top decision-makers failed to anticipate the mounting
difficulties lying ahead. It's hoped that the UN can get actively involved in the reconstruction of
this war-torn country and play a more positive role in finding a peaceful solution to problems
confronting Iraqis.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其他学科，希 望英语分数越高越好。许多人坚信
成功的秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文，结果却发现此招不灵。他们为提 高英语水平做出的
努力很难得到回报。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions：Write a composition of approximately 150 words according to the topic given below:
TOPIC: Changing the Wasteful Habits
Outline:
1. Name at least three wasteful habits around you with examples;
2. Describe the one you think is the most harmful and explain why you think so;
3. Analyze how the wasteful habit is acquired and give suggestions as to how it can be most
effectively changed.
2004年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might to debuted, but once past the first period. many of
the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and hack again and
take in most of human life.
A. accept B. understand C. support D. include
22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could
hardly bring out a goodbye.
A. blow out B. give out C. get away with D. come out with
23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative
scientists.
A. reforming B. yielding C. breeding D. conceiving

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
24. Once a proposal goes into place, it's next to impossible to reverse it.
A. overthrow B. enhance C. implement D. provoke
25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended
to.
A. participated in B. seen to C. concentrated on D. involved in
26. The majority of these graduate students have hut one aspiration—to be top economists.
A. inspiration B. ambition C. request D. acquisition
27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room.
A. absorbed in B. submerged in C. saturated with D. agonized by
28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been
eliminated
A. given out B. ruled out C. written out D. turned out
29. We are obliged to the teaching staff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.
A. committed B. compelled C. grateful D. respectful
30. Humans have the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their
peculiar ideas and fancies.
A. novel B. particular C. arbitrary D. fantastic
Section B (0. 5 point each)
31. These salespersons of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business
strategies.
A. prospective B. perspective C. respective D. protective
32. Skin, being sturdy and and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers
quickly.
A. flexible B. loose C. elastic D. resourceful
33. Since teacher behavior is for public display, teachers must be cautious in their
personal lives.
A. held up B. used up C. kept up D. dressed up
34. The concept of personal choice health behaviors is an important one.
A. in face of B. in case of C. in relation to D. in charge of
35. The so-called
become disillusioned and end up by .
A. immigrating B. migrating C. integrating D. emigrating
36. As fulfillment seldom lo anticipation, there is no need to feel upset.
A. amounts B. corresponds C. adds D. contributes
37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene
activity with cancer-causing pathways.
A. coupled B. stained C. associated D. integrated
38. It was by no means easy 10 work for a president who demanded security beyond
what was really .
A. called for B. called forth C. called up D. called at
39. The display of goods needs to be _ _ with the store's atmosphere.
A. persistent B. existent C. insistent D. consistent
40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an life.
A. external B. original C. eternal D. optimal
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)
The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth .According to 41 , there are
over 13 billion chickens! And its meat is so popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are
consumed each year. 42 hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.
The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the
chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of
chickens and eggs became a commercial 44 . .
Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised by millions
of households for domestic and commercial use.
Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of
the most successful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for
just one person to care for from 25.000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to
reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that
has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds.
Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off---some as 48 of the deadly
disease- the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases. 50
this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many
countries.
41. A. estimates B. evaluations C. judges D. legislations
42. A. Surprisingly B. Essentially C. Additionally D. Generally
43. A. up till B. rather than C. out of D. not until
44. A. investment B. venture C. administration D. adventure
45. A. by far B. by and by C. for good D. for all
46. A. that B. those C. them D. it
47. A. conceal B. condemn C. commence D. command
48. A. witnesses B. sacrifices C. donations D. victims
49. A. know-how B. how-so C. in- the-know D. how-come
50. A. Because of B. Due to C. For D. As
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage One
Of all the accessories and adornments to clothes one perhaps pays least of all attention to
buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes, there is,
one would think, nothing much to he said about the humble button.
Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that
they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once
again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a
person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress.
Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one
that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was
enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms penalty for disobedience—a
sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out. history does not relate!)
Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could lie called decorative once did in fact
serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men's coats
are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.
On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but
in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm's way.
With regard lo the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress
was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.
So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.
51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?
A. They have little function.
B. They are the only useful accessory.
C. They receive the least attention among accessories.
D. They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.
52. According to the author, _______. .
A. buttons are used as ornaments only in modern times
B. buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th century
C. buttons were used as ornaments before the 13lh century
D. buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history
53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ________.
A. were a symbol of wealth
B. were occasionally put on clothes
C. began to have practical functions
D. represented the wearers' artistic taste
54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once______.
A. loved by every citizen
B. banned because they were a craze
C. considered harmful and nobody wore them
D. forbidden on the upper arms
55. It seems to the author that buttons
A. are worth a second look B. have never served any function
C. should not he sewed on coats D. play an important role in our lives
56. Male and female dress is now buttoned
A. on the right side B. on the left side
C. on different sides D. on the same side

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Passage Two
Behind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is
the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we arc indestructible.
On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when we finally
clean up our act.
If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn't apparent when you stand naked in front
of the mirror, just wait. But what if you cat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time
to repair the damage?
To a surprising degree- the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have
accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with had habits decide to
turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself,
provided the damage is not too great.
The effects of some bad habits smoking, in particular—can haunt you for decades. But
the damage from other habits can be largely healed.

from that point on.
brakes. You do need a certain distance.
But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines
of medical research:
—A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week cut
their risk of suffering a stroke to half that of women who eat less than one serving of fish a
month.
—The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically.
Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to
decline…
Adopting healthy habits won't cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that
many chronic diseases—from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers
can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.
Not sure where to start? Surprisingly, it doesn't matter, since one positive change usually
leads to another. Make enough changes, and you'll discover you've adopted a new way of life.
57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that ______.
A. they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decades
B. their bodies cannot be damaged by the bad habits
C. their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outside
D. they can force themselves to clean up the had habits later
58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible_____.
A. is seldom apparent
B. is clearly shown in the mirror
C. will appear obvious sooner or later
D. is still a question
59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits_____.
A. when the damage is not very serious
B. no matter how serious the damage is
C. after we have dropped our bad habits
D. much more slowly than we think
60. According to the recent announcements______.
A. women should eat as much fish as possible
B. women arc at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than men
C. eating a little more fish can improve women's health
D. men don't have to eat as much fish as women
61. It is implied in the passage that______ .
A. smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokers
B. the blood of smokers is more sticky than that of non-smokers
C. smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smoking
D. chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking
62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _____.
A. when we should start quitting our bad habits
B. it doesn't matter how we start quitting our bad habits
C. that making enough changes will make doctors unnecessary to us
D. it's never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestyle

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Passage Three
Our true challenge today is not debts and deficits or global competition but the need to find a
way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet's biosphere, which supports all life.
Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collapse of the very elements that keep us
alive.
An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance,
you might assume that they arc readily available and. better yet, that you may pick from a wide
variety. But do you know that there arc far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100
years ago?
Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United
States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter?
In the 1840's. Ireland's population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely
populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called
lumpers was the most widely grown.
In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight
struck and wiped out almost the entire crop.
Paul Raeburn in his book The Last Harvest The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy
American Agriculture.
the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this lime with
overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.
people died of starvation, while another 1. 5 million emigrated, most to the United States. Those
remaining suffered from crushing poverty.
In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few
were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity
within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this
basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to disease or pests, which can destroy an entire
region's harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides,
even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.
Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in
response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting,
attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But these trends may be
destroying man's own food supply.
63. The main idea of the passage is_____ .
A. it is important to protect the earth's bio- diversity
B. man is destroying his own food supply
C. we now have fewer bio-species than before
D. numerous strains of plants can resist plagues
64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United Slates_______.
A. it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant family
B. over 80% of its varieties have been destroyed
C. we have done our best to protect it
D. it is as wide as it was 100 years ago
65. The author tells the story in Ireland in the 1840's to show that_____.
A. farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South America
B. potatoes should not be grown as a dietary mainstay
C. lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoes
D. bio-diversity is essential to life on earth
66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840's______.
A. caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedly
B. caused Ireland's population to decline by half
C. destroyed the whole Irish agricultural tradition
D. seriously devastated Ireland s economy
67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants _______.
A. ward off some disastrous diseases and pests
B. resist natural disasters such as droughts
C. withstand the harmful effect of pesticides
D. yield bumper harvests
68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties
with one uniform crop?
A. They want to make more money.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. They want to have a higher output.
C. They want to prevent the destruction of human food.
D. They want to make their products more attractive.
Passage Four
It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard
Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to
pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as
possible. A man's purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his
children.
Okay, so that's the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man's lifestyle that
reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well, men arc supercharged with
testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the
testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of
harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone
chops harmful cholesterol and raises
As Perls's study points out: ages 15 and 24, men are four to five limes more
likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase
in reckless and violent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a ‘tea -tosterone storm. ’
Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents，followed by homicide,
suicide.. .and drownings .
While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn't
account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more
quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while
men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also
disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking
alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men
being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown it's true.
If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there an* some
things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right.
According to the ongoing New England Centenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of
centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age associated diseases like heart
attack, stroke, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's. Ninety percent of those studied were
functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92. and 75% were
just as autonomous at an average age of 95.
you get, the sicker you get. ' Centenarians teach us that the older you get. the healthier you've
been.
69. This passage mainly discusses ______.
A. why women lead a healthier life than men
B. how women can live longer and slay healthy
C. what keeps men from enjoying a longer life span
D. whether men's life style leads to their early death
70. According lo Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the
relative longevity of women over men?
A. Their natural urge to remain healthy.
B. Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.
C. Their need to bear healthy offspring.
D. Their desire lo have more children.
71. The author mentions
A. support the argument about women's role in rearing children
B. summarize a possible cause of different life expectancies
C. challenge the theory about our ancestors' behavior patterns
D. illustrate the history of human evolution process
72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that______ .
A. increases as men grow older
B. reduces risk factors in male behavior
C. leads to aggressive behavior and heart disease
D. accounts for women's dislike for violent films
73. Compared with women, men as a whole_____ .
A. suffer from depression more often
B. suffer from diseases later than women

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
C. are reluctant to have physical checkups
D. arc not affected by violent movies
74. Centenarians refer to people who______.
A. live longer than females
B. live at the turn of the century
C. are extremely independent
D. arc a hundred years or older
Passage Five
Last year. Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new
features in high-end cars: the OnStar personal security system.
The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more
than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cellphone, to a
member of the OnStar staff. A Global Positioning System, or G. P. S., helps the employee give
verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a
signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars
in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in
frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the
company can track it to help am st the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.
But for Mr. Dunnam. the more he learned about his car's security features, the less secure he
felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else—law enforcement officers,
or hackers—could listen in on his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems
without his knowledge or consent. I don't believe G. M. intentionally designed this
system to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy.
Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court
case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a
company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not
reveal which company was involved. A three- judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request,
but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the
safety services. OnStar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An OnStar
spokeswoman. Geri Lama. suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries were overblown. The signals
that the company sends to unlock car doors or track location-based information can be triggered
only with a secure exchange of specific identifying data, which ought to hinder all but the most
determined hackers, she said.
75. The most important feature of OnStar advertised by the company is that it can
______.
A. help people find their cars in the big parking lot
B. give verbal direction to drivers lost in unfamiliar areas
C. open car doors for owners unable to find their car keys
D. make it difficult for thieves to get away with stolen cars
76. We can conclude from the passage that OnStar is_____ .
A. too complicated to use especially for new drivers
B. not as useful and effective as the company claims
C. popularly used among the more expensive cars
D. not widely used in the country except in a few states
77. Mr. Dunnam felt dissatisfied with OnStar because____ .
A. his personal information might lie revealed
B. his demand for better services was rejected
C. OnStar posed potential danger to driving safety
D. OnStar had been developed mainly to facilitate police work
78. The three-judge panel rejected the request of the federal authorities because_____.
A. it was in violation of individual privacy
B. it was against the Constitution of the nation
C. the wiretap might affect the safety of personal data
D. the wiretap might reduce the efficiency of the system
79. OnStar spokeswoman suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries_______.
A. exaggerated the problems that might occur
B. represented reasonable concerns of customers
C. presented problems for them to solve
D. made sense due to the existence of hackers
80. The passage is mainly written to_____ .

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. promote the brand and sale of OnStar
B. point out the worries caused by OnStar
C. introduce the new features of OnStar
D. show the future trend represented by OnStar
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions：Put the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper
space on Answer Sheet II.
As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry and
elaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification. When it comes lo language
learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often
left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be
achieved by exposing young children to native speakers as early as possible. However, a more
profound insight into the process of language acquisition won't be gained until studies of the
brain have developed lo the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light.
The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in Chins is open to
question.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper
space on Answer Sheet II.
计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。它的神奇之处在于其运算速 度和准
确性优于人类。计算机能在几秒内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事，这是人类第
一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions：
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150
words under the title of Message Service : A Blessing Or a Curse?Your
composition should be based On the following outline:
1. As a modern mode of communication, short message service on mobile- phones has brought us
some benefits;
2. But it has created some problems;
3. My suggestions to solve the problem.
2005年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
21. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through
community service.

A. pay off B. get off C. dispose of D. run off

22. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.

A. brought forward B. brought about
C. brought down D. brought in

23. This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas
study.

A. frustrated B. formulated C. fabricated D. facilitated

24. Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.
A. agreement B. consensus C. permission D. support
25. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.
A. pull out B. pull up C. pull in D. pull over

26. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.

A. detectable B. trifling C. inexcusable D. magnificent

27. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3
rd
straight time this summer.
A. direct B. proceeding C. vertical D. successive
28. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.
A. difficult B. sustainable C. external D. unpredictable

29. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.
A. restrict B. reduce C. increase D. stabilize
30. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative.
A. efficient B. conventional C. economical D. unique
Section B (0.5 point each)

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
31. A risk or effect may diminish ____ , but it may also increase for some reason.
A. at will B. over time C. under way D. so far
32. It's in your best ______ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.
A. sake B. benefit C. advantage D. interest
33. As females in their 40s tend to _____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.
A. take on B. hold on C. carry on D. put on
34. The shop-owner took a loaf of _____ - crusted bread and handed it to the child.
A. fragile B. crisp C. vague D. harsh
35. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.
A. on the point of B. on the grounds of
C. on the advice of D. on the part of
36. These intelligence officers tried a _____ of persuasion and force to get the information
they wanted.
A. combination B. collaboration C. conviction D. confrontation
37. The terminally ill patient lying in the _____ care unit was kept alive on life support.
A. apprehensive B. intensive C. extensive D. comprehensive
38. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is _______ .
A. ice- breaking B. eye-catching C. painstaking D. soul-touching
39. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll _____ brilliant high school students.
A. intellectually B. intelligibly C. intelligently D. intimately
40. When a heavy vehicle is _____ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.
A. involved B. stuck C. interfered D. specialized
PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)
—frustration arising from pressure to use new technology—is said to be 41
reports Maclean's magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 42
process of learning how to use new technologies to the 43 of work and home life as a result of
44 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.
”
How can you cope? Experts
recommend setting 45 Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or
merely add new 46. Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to
realize its full benefits. time each day to turn the technology off,
other things afforded or deserving 48 attention.
mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,
expert Dan Stamp. .

41. A. descending

B. narrowing

C. widening

D. mounting

42. A. range from

B. pass on

C. deal with

D. give up

43. A. construction

B. confusion

C. contribution

D. conduction

44. A. creations

B. promotions

C. innovations

D. productions

45. A. boundaries

B. laws

C. deadlines

D. barriers

46. A. convenience

B. advantage

C. complexity

D. flexibility

47. A. Put forward

B. Put across

C. Put up

D. Put aside

48. A. major

B. prior

C. senior

D. superior

49. A. fragmental

B. fictional

C. fundamental

D. fractional

50. A. relaxation

B. entertainment

C. hobby

D. rubbish

READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pointeach)

Passage One

Bears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during
mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is
plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small
social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of
other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and
female may live in an area partly shared in common—although they tolerate each other, each
defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to
live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of
their mother.
The key to a bear's survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of
the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they
have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able lo climb trees to chase
small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large
adult brown bears—their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.
Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in
sheltered dens, including brown bears. American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears.
Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After
fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter
home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from
hibernation (冬眠) in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear's body
temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes
more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic
ground squirrel drops from 38°C to as low as -3°C.
51. Most bears live alone because _______ .
A. they don't want to keep a social network
B. each bear feeds on different kinds of food
C. male and female bears can't tolerate each other
D. they don't want other bears to share their food
52. According to the passage, bears of the same sex ________ .
A. can get along with each other peacefully
B. share their range with each other
C. live in an area partly shared in common
D. cannot live peacefully in the same area
53. As is told about bears in the passage, we know that ________ .
A. it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees
B. a bear can long remember where it has found food
C. all except polar bears are able to climb trees lo catch their prey
D. all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals
54. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because _______ .
A. their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding
B. they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season
C. they need to convert their fat into energy in winter
D. they cannot find enough food in the cold season
55. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______ .
A. animals in hibernation don't wake up easily
B. animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply
C. the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn't change
D. animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions
56. The passage is mainly about ________ .
A. the species of bears B. the food category of bears
C. the winter sleep of bears D. the behavior of bears
Passage Two
The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology.
As the name suggests, it blends biology and modem technology through such techniques as
genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in
agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist
disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could
be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically
engineered crops.
nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,says the book Genetic
Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.
a rose will never cross with a potato.... Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves
taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a
desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to
the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a
potato Or strawberry to make it frost- resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.
biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.
Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of
genetic uniformity - some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as
cloning and tissue culture processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns
about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise
new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment
blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little
idea of the potential outcomes,
57. According to the author, biotech companies are .
A. mostly specialized in agriculture
B. those producing seeds of better properties
C. mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops
D. likely to have big returns in their business
58. Now biotech products are made _______ .
A. within the limits of natural genetics B. by violating laws of natural genetics
C. without the interference of humans D. safer than those without the use of
biotechnology
59. In nature, genetic diversity is created ________ .
A. by mixing different species B. within the species itself
C. through natural selection D. through selection or contest
60. Biotechnology has made it possible ________ .
A. for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world
B. for plants to be produced with genes of humans
C. for humans to assume the cold-resistant property
D. to grow crops with the taste of farm animals
61. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology _______ .
A. the species of creatures will be reduced
B. our living environment will be better than it is now
C. humans will pay for its side effect
D. we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases
62. The author's attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described as .
A. optimistic istic C concerned ious
Passage Three
The practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has
not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide
variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration
of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the
worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including
capital punishment. The controversy and debate over whether governments should utilize the
death penalty continue today.
The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as
the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesarc Beccaria published
An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document
in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against
executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British
philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United
States.
Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters
consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty
declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and
opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its
preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human rights issue
involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to
continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy.
Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only
about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is
being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
63. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times ________ .
A. death penalty had been carried out before government came into being
B. people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions
C. death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries
D. many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel
64. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?
A. People began to criticize their government.
B. The government was unjust in this period.
C. People began to realize the value of life.
D. social critics were very active at that time.
65. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ________ .
A. was the first person to question the Tightness of death penalty
B. was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment
C. was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals
D. first raised the theory against capital punishment
66. Critics of capital punishment insist that it _______ .
A. violates human rights regulations
B. is an ineffective punishment of the criminals
C. is just the revenge for terrible crimes
D. involves killing without mercy
67. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty
A. agree that it is a human rights issue
B. agree that it can prevent crimes
C. explain its statistical analyses differently
D. think that they are asked different types of questions
68. The author's attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as ________ .
A. supportive al l dictory
Passage Four
Singapore's Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers,
including wearable devices and a virtual war room that will allow officials to work together
online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern
match for the fictional British agent James Bond's tool man, Q. It is funded by the Defense
Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $$5 billion defense budget, and sponsors
hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came (o worldwide attention last year
when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high
fever, helping to stem Ihe spread of SARS.
DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the
commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting
ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have
broad civilian applications.
Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often
unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding
development of an anti- chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon.
The Singaporean garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter
and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substances on contact.
Much of the agency's work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-stale overcome
its natural limitations, says its director of R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower
is one of the agency's most critical assignments, because Singapore is a nation of 4 million
people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest
DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making
equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb
is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that means that smaller
Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans,
says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man
System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder,
digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.
69. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably ______ .
A. a mechanic in James Bond's garage

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. a fictional Australian with spiky hair
C. a director of the Advanced Combat Man System
D. an imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment
70. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA is NOT true?
A. Il became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.
B. II funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality Lab.
C. It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.
D. It lakes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.
71. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly
because ________ .
A. it is made of a new material resembling plastics
B. it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it
C. it has been adapted to the tropical weather there
D. its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment
72. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?
A. Smaller soldiers. B. Smaller population.
C. Limited defense budget. D. Limited natural resources.
73. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show
A. what DSTA has done lo meet the country's special needs
B. how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be
C. why it is difficult for Q to compete with Choo Hui Weing
D. how Singapore's technology is superior to that of the British
74. The main purpose of the passage is to _______ .
A. analyze Singapore's defense system
B. summarize the contributions of DSTA
C. introduce the technical advantages of a small country
D. describe the roles and achievements of a government agency
Passage Five
The young man who came to the door—he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome,
smiling face—didn't seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one
side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a
beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the
room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at case, and very imposing.
The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one's
early childhood—a sunlight encountered later only in one's dreams. I remember being astounded
by the quietness, the ease, the peace, and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a
genuine cordiality and respect—and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they
expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give—and we sat
down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow, but not as stiff as I had
feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could
acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and had read more of what I had written, than I had
expected, and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women
were carrying on their own conversation, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to
take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently
making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly,
we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room
and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the
bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I do not know what I had
expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio
and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no—the man who came into the room
was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a
most winning smile. Something came into the room with him—his worshipers' joy at seeing
him, his joy lit seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply
because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.
75. Which of the following is the best alternative word for
A. Enthusiastic B. Hostile C. Impressive D. Anxious
76. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?
A. Tranquil B. Solemn C. Chaotic D. Stressful

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
77. How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?
A. Delighted B. Astonished C. Embarrassed D. Scared
78. Which of the following statements is true about the author?
A. He talked little. B. He was puzzled.
C. He enjoyed the conversation. D. He got more respect than he deserved
79. The men didn't get deeply involved in any subject because they _______ .
A. had little knowledge B. didn't know one another well
C. wanted to relax themselves D. awaited the arrival of someone important
80. What can we learn about Elijah?
A. He was admired by others. B. He was very handsome.
C. He was a man with determination. D. He was happy to give speeches.
PART V TRANSLATION(30minutes,20points)
Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is
widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that
a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to
begin with.

The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the
amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report
challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful
consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that
tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.

Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)

人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国 家应不
惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从
地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍。
PART VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to write a composition of no less than
150 words under the title of from books and knowledge from
experience'' Your composition should be based on the following outline:

1. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from
books.
2. Explain which source is more important?
2006年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
21. The vast crowd bust into spontaneous cheering at the skillful play.
A. earnest B. volcanic
C. hearty D. automatic
22. Not everyone in the intelligence community was convinced the document was genuine.
A. standard B. valid C. neat D. lucid
23. They found substantial evidence that exposure to nerve gas was responsible for the
veterans' symptoms.
A. contact B. betrayal C. exhibition D. publication
24. The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others
consult adoption facilitators in the United States.
A. confident B. justified C. sensible D potential
25. This patient must on no account be left unattended, even for one minute.
A. not repeatedly B. not in any circumstances
C. without any reason D. with no explanation
26. Only a few Furgans remain alive today, a fading anthropological link with the first
native Americans.
A. condescending B. amplifying C. prosperous D. vanishing
27. He was as deliberate in his speech as he was in his work, weighing his words
momentously, even if they were only going to add up to a casual remark.
A. a witty B. an indifferent C. an offending D. a humorous
28. Embarrassed, he slung her over his shoulder and made a hasty exit.
A. turn B. leap C. speech O. leave
29. Eighty-five percent of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant by InfoTech,
although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
A. inspected B. registered C. voted D. nominated
30. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is being
destroyed.
A. mate B. pray C. territory D. enemy
Section B (0.5 point each)
31. Mourinho is a young and __________ coach who is prepared to lead his team to win the
championship in his first season.
A. clumsy B. humorous C. ambitious D. intimate
32. Just wait for one second, I am ______ ready.
A. all but B. all over
C. at all D. at any moment
33. If you can't think of anywhere to go on Saturday, we ___________ as well stay home.
A. should B. might C. can D. need
34. A nation that does not know history is _________ to repeat it.
A. discouraged B. characterized C. linked D. fated
35. They preferred a British Commonwealth or European arrangement, because this was
substantially _ ______ their British thinking.
A. in touch with B. in line with
C. with relation to D. with reference to
36. The traffic accident that delayed our bus gave us a _________ reason for being late.
A. prompt B. vague C. irritable D. legitimate
37. The United States has 10 percent of the total petroleum ________ of the world in its
own territory, and has been a major
producer for decades.
A. reservoirs B. reservations C. reserves D. reproductions
38. This is the world's first accurate _________ model of human heart in computer.
A. setting B. laboring C. showing D. working
39. In 2000 I visited Berkeley, where I began my long _____ with this world famous
university.
A. interaction B. nomination C. reconstruction D. association
40. _____, ads for phony business opportunities appear in the classified pages of daily
and weekly newspapers and magazines, and online.
A. Specially B. Typically C. Especially D. Commonly
PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)
Earthquakes have never really affected Hong Kong, but this has not been the case on the
mainland, where their effects throughout history have often been devastating, causing
widespread destruction and loss of life.
In ancient China, earthquakes were occasionally followed by riots and rebellions, so it
was important for the emperor to find out about quakes in remote parts of the country as
soon 41 occurred. This was 42 far from easy in an age before modern
telecommunications.
In the year 132 AD, however, the scientist and inventor, Zhang Heng, devised a
forerunner of the modem seismograph (an instrument used by scientists to detect
earthquakes). 43 only could it detect a distant earthquake as it happened, but it could
44 in which direction the epicenter of the quake lay.
The machine, was from metal, was almost two meters 45 and shaped like a vase.
There were dragons' heads around the rim, each with a metal ball in its mouth. The ball were
balanced 46 when the earth moved slightly, one of them would fall into the mouth of a
metal toad at the base of the vase, 47 creating a loud noise to raise the alarm. The
direction of the earthquake was indicated by 48 ball fell, and a special mechanism
ensured that only one ball could fall.
The device was viewed with considerable suspicion and doubt 49 especially since
the first time it dropped a ball, no shock could be fell. Bui people changed their minds a few
days later, when a messenger 50 news of a earthquake 700 km away.
41. A. as it B. if they C. as they D. that it
42. A naturally B. obvious C. clear D. hardly
43. A. But B. Not C. Yet D. If
44. A. show besides B. have to show C. also indicate D. also displaying

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
45. A. across B. through
46. A. in order to B. carefully if
47. A. besides B. thereby
48. A. whichever B. how
49. A to begin B. besides
50. A. would bring B. brought






C. length
C. delicately
C. resulting
C. whenever
C. initially
C. carrying
D. width
D. so that
D. further
D. the
D. first
D. had carried
FART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes. 30 points. I point each)
Passage 1
In a new book published this month called
in less than 25 years, senior citizens will comprise more than 18 percent of the entire U.S
population—the same proportion as in Florida today. Put another way, that means that early
in the 21st century, there will be more grandparents than grandchildren. Peterson, a former
secretary of Commerce under Nixon, is primarily concerned with what the aging of
America—a product of both longer life spans and falling birthrates—means for Social
Security and Medicare. But the social ramifications will be at least as profound as the
economic ones. Will all (hose seniors shift the balance of political power? How will
Hollywood executives, funeral directors and the auto industry change their products to meet
the demands of a markedly older public? Because women tend to outlive men, will an older
America also be significantly more female? In short, what will America be like when we all
become a Senior Nation?
Anyone who has visited West Palm Beach or Tucson knows pan of the answer, lots of
people driving very slowly in big cars on their way to early-bird dinners. But that's only the
most broad-brush observation. The political changes alone will be enough to bury all those
stereotypes about the feeble elderly. Peterson estimates that by 2038, people 65 and older
will make up 34 percent of the electorate - up from only 16 percent in 1966. You think
Social Security is a sacred cow now? And the battle over entitlements may get uglier. The
65-plus population is about 85 percent white. The younger generations - the ones footing the
seniors' bills - are much more racially mixed.
generation with enormous influence, asking African-Americans. Hispanics and Asians to
support them for decades.
that focuses on the maturing marketplace.
racial.
51. What is true of American population?
A. Florida's population is 18% of the entire U.S. population.
B. American people will represent 18% of the world's population.
C. American population will increase by 18% early in the next century.
D. Senior citizens will outnumber teenagers in less than 25 years in the U.S.
52. According to Peterson, the aging of America is caused by _______ .
A. social security and medicare
B. shift in the balance of political power
C. longer life spans and falling birthrates
D. social ramifications as well as economic ones
53. Who is Peter G. Peterson?
A. A funeral director. B. A Hollywood executive.
C. A secretary of Commerce. D. The author of
54. _______ .
A. the younger generations are much more racially mixed
B. the U.S. will be significantly more female in the next century
C. the stereotypes about the feeble elderly are being dispersed by political changes
D. the U.S. is entering a stage when there are more grandparents than grandchildren
55. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The U.S.—a Senior Nation Senior Boom is Coming
C. A Book Called tional and Racial Tension
Passage 2

Weary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying
nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.
The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the
Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was 10 start today in The Hague,

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.
In the Netherlands — half of which lies below sea level — the Ministry of Water
Management has designated several low-lying regions as
be used in emergencies to divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans
Scholten said.
Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from
disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier. Undersecretary for Water Management
Monique de Vries said:
his galoshes.
Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages,
repeated flooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a
rethinking about the old methods.

spokesman for an association of regional water boards. certain nature reserve
areas every few years would be good for the environment.
Pan of the plan involves widening river beds to allow larger volumes of water to How
to the sea. Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the
project — some inhabitants would have to be relocated — large areas of the eastern Dutch
province of Gclderland have been labeled as suitable.
While flooding is a serious threat to die Dutch, global warming could expose many
more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take
drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.
More than 3.500 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow- up
to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.
With one-sixth of the world's population lacking clean drinking water, forum
organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than
doubled from about $$70 billion or $$80 billion to $$180 billion.
In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will
meet to discuss sustainable water for the world's growing population and farmers who grow
crops for mass consumption.
56. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?
A. To build more powerful dams B. To let the sea water in the
inside
C. To ignore the process of nature D. To flood certain nature
reserves
57. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero __________ .
A. in Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areas
B. who look his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrier
C. who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drowned
D. a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in
58. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the
nation from possible sea floods?
A. To designate some low-lying regions as
B. To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.
C. To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.
D. To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.
59. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water Forum
EXCEPT ________ .
A. how to divert floodwaters from the populated areas of Holland
B. how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the
growing population
C. how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops
timely
D. how to take measures to slow down the ever- accelerating global warming-up
tendency
60. The best way to paraphrase the sentence
process of nature_______________ .
A. Sometimes it's no use ignoring the process of nature

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！
B. In some cases man can and must neglect the law of nature
C. It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of nature
D. Man must always follow the way of how things are going on
Passage 3


in 1998,
Berkeley National Laboratory. USA.
The Global Environmental Facility, through the United Nations Development Program,
has decided to fund $$9.3 million of die $$40 million program to help the government of China
transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when the EPA
signed an agreement with the government of China to assist in the elimination of CFCs from
refrigerators. Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, developing the market transformation program based on
the success of the first phase of die project, which involved designing and testing CFC
(chlorofluorocabon 含氯氟氰) free, energy efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond
his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be involved in training and working with
the State Bureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are developed.

for a product, in this case to a more energy efficient, environmentally favorable product
through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for
manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the
more efficient product.
we developed a technical training program for Chinese refrigerator
manufacturers interested in developing CFC free, efficient refrigerators; a financial
incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible;
and a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators
in bulk.
In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded, an International Climate Protection
Award by the EPA. is not widely known in the United States, but China has had an
energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s,
Energy Technologies Division director and an advisor to the Chinese government on energy
efficiency. government of China is committed to using energy more efficiently, and
this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption.
'The Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on
reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. We at Berkeley Lab are grateful to have
the chance to work with the people and government of China on this project, as well as on
our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency
standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants.
61. The main idea of this passage is about ___________ .
A. the refrigerator production in China supported by UN and USA
B. the energy- efficient refrigerator project in China aided by the UN
C. the American aid to the Chinese government in environmental protection
D. the tremendous increase of China's refrigerator production
62. From what the two American researchers said we can conclude that _______ ,
A. the American experts working in the refrigerator project are disappointed at China's
refrigerator production
B. the American researchers are particularly worried about China's over-emission of
CCFC into the air
C. the American researchers in refrigerator technology enjoy their opportunity to work in
China
D. the American experts see China as the best place to increase their export of
refrigerator technology
63. According to Fridley. ___ .
A. giving a practical guide to the consumers' needs as which products are better
B. strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers
to distinguish right products from the fake ones
C. producing high-quality products that can reach the international standards for

北京新圆明职业学院-两人小品

德州教育局-清明节手抄报内容

卫生与健康手抄报-党建工作论文

里仁学院-化学教学工作总结

天津人事考试信息网-好习惯作文

桃花园-北京出国留学中介

北工大实验学院-学年度工作总结

新闻学研究生-幼儿园心得体会