北外高翻学院同传考试试题解析
雪菊的功效-会计的岗位职责
2005年研究生招生基础英语试题参考译文（“王阳明捉贼”部分）
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院 李长栓
原文：
明代哲学家王阳明早年被贬到贵州龙
场做地方官时，捕获了当地一个强盗头目。该头目在受审时说：
“我犯的是死罪，要杀要剐，任你怎么处
置，只请你不要和我谈道德良知。像我这种人是从来不谈这
个的，甚至连想都没有想过。”王阳明说：“
好的。今天我不和你谈道德良知。不过，天气这么热，你
看在审案前我们还是把外衣脱了吧。”强盗头目
说：“好！”脱去外衣后，王阳明又说：“还是热，再把
内衣也脱了吧。”强盗头目当然不会在乎赤膊，
于是就脱去内衣。庭上庭下两人身上只剩下一件裤头。
而此时王阳明更进一步，说道：“干脆我们把裤头
也脱了吧，全身赤裸更自在……”一听说连裤头也要
脱，强盗头目赶紧说：“这可使不得！这可使不得！
”面对此情此景，王阳明当即来了一番水到渠成的
因势利导：“为什么„使不得‟，这是因为在你心中还
剩有那么一点羞耻感。可见就是像你这样十恶不赦
的家伙，我照样可以和你谈„道德良知‟……”强盗头
目心服口服，随即讲自己的种种罪行一一如实供出。
参考译文：
The ancient
philosopher Wang Yangming offended some powerful
officials of the imperial
court and was
demoted to the position of a local official in the
remote province of
Guizhou. During his term,
he arrested the head of a burglary gang. In the
trial, the
suspect said,
you want but
spare me the moral talk. A guy like me never talks
morals. I don't even
think about them.
Wang
replied,
take off our coats before the
trial.
The gangster naturally didn‟t
mind being bare-chested, so he took off his shirt.
Now both
of them had nothing left but their
pants. Wang then said,
be more comfortable if
we‟re naked.
At this point, Wang cut to
his point and said,
pants is that you still
know shame. This proves that even a notorious and
ruthless man
like yourself is concerned
with morality.
argument that he confessed all
his crimes.
2009年研究生入学试题参考译文和分析（“国庆节返乡”部分）
李长栓
星期三,
05062009 - 07:57 — 李长栓
《国庆节回家》翻译中的主要问题
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院 李长栓
理解问题
汉语中充满了歧义。单靠语言翻译，
无法准确传达实际的含义。必须了解社会现实。圣经看不懂，古
文看不懂，就是不懂当时的社会状况。当
时的人很清楚什么意思。即使历史清白、地主、landlord
这些常见的词，中国的青少年都不一定
理解，中国人的理解和外国人的理解也不一样。
原文：
国庆节回家，那个黄河
边上的乡村，开小汽车的乡亲开始多见，虽然他们穿衣打扮还没有太多的改变，
但当我看到他们开上价值
20多万的汽车时，我很是欣喜。
但欣喜似乎很快止于一次街头的聊天，乡亲【几个？】告诉了我这里
发生的两件事。首先是旁边村子
里一个人被同村的三兄弟杀死在家中，事情起源于土地租赁，因为租金高
低的纠纷，欲强租土地【强
租一人还是多人的土地，还是三兄弟的土地？】的人找人把不愿意接受租金价
位的人打了【打了一人，
还是多人，还是打了三兄弟？】，【是地主把雇农打了（旧社会），还是雇农把
地主打了（新中国）】
还发出狠话【啥是狠话？】，打死也就是几万块钱的事，于是被打的一方三兄弟联
合起来，有了这一
命案，四个家庭随之破碎。还有一个发生在我们村里，收割玉米的乡亲【是一家，还是
几家】欲从邻
居家【住所相邻？土地相邻？】地上开车通过【收割前？收割后？为什么开车？收割机？拉
庄稼的农
用车（奔马、四轮带拖挂）？为什么要从人家地里过？故意找茬？捷径？】，邻
居老太太心疼庄稼不
许，争吵中躺在自家田头说：要过，就从身上轧过。于是车轰鸣着，轧过老人，陪了
几万块私了。
【到底谁不讲道理？】
儿时的乡村，是
可以夜不闭户的。【为什么夜不闭户，都不关门？】放学回家，有时家中无人，邻居
大婶【是今天一个大
婶，明天换个大婶，还是就那一个】总是招呼到他们家，坐在饭桌前，一切都是
那么自然。农忙时，家里
农活忙碌，邀邻居来帮，【会来帮忙，还是如果来帮忙】只需吃顿简单的饭，
聊聊天。【先吃饭，后帮忙
；还是先帮忙，后吃饭？】【帮完忙先回家，吃饭时再来，还是不回家，
吃完再走；是专门请一次？是为
了吃顿饭才帮忙吗？】现在这里，生活的认知和价值观已经发生了很
大的改变。我们都知道，国家在大力
发展农村经济，我也期待家乡环境的改善【什么环境？】，也相
信很快就会有大的变化，但乡村的这些事
也让我思考，我们是否应该在文化价值观方面，做出相应的
指点和引导呢？【什么意思？怎么指导？】
2009年1月高翻入学试题
表达问题
1.
杀人案中各个人物及其动作如何表达，才不至于引起混乱，如谁是victim; lease,
rent, let等动词
的双向性。
2.
选择谁是victim，反映译者的立场。
3.
有人用A,
B表示两个人，意思虽清楚，不符合语言习惯。
4.
it和this。A man was killed by three brothers. It
all started from a dispute over rent.
[it
指代一个名词；this指代上述状况]
5.
区区几万元怎么说？merely a couple of wan (=10,000)
yuan; a few wan kuai (10,000
yuan); a couple
of ten thousand yuan.
A few dozen thousand
yuan 可以，但节奏别扭。比较时可用，如：a few thousand or a few
dozen thousand dollars?
Tens of thousands
yuan, several tens of thousands yuan.给人以“多”的感觉，不用
6.
Yuan为什么大写？
修改举例
原译：
I went home
during the National Day, when I passed by the
yellow river, I saw more
people driving their
cars, though their appearances had not changed
much, I was happy
when I saw them driving
their car that cost more than 200 millions.
改译：
I returned to my hometown during the
National Day holiday. In the village on the Yellow
River, I saw more and more people driving
cars. Although their appearance has not
changed much, I was excited to see them own
cars that cost over 200,000 yuan
(USD30,000).
[1]
原译：
However, my happiness ceased when I chatted
with the folks and was told that two
incidents
that happened. The first incident happened in the
neighboring village where a
person was killed
in his home by two bothers from the same village,
the story began with
the rental of land, due
to the rental scuffle, the tenant beat the party
whom refused to
accept rental offered, the
tenant was quoted as saying would kill the person
because of
the few million dollars involved,
the victim then garnered the support from his two
brothers and hence the murder, four families
were shattered in this incident. The second
incident happened in our village. One of our
village folks, after harvesting and collecting
his corn requested to drive pass the field of
his neighbour, the old lady of the neighboring
house refused as she treasure her crops in the
field, a quarrel started and the old lady
said
in anger that the neighbour could either drive
pass his own field or driver over her
dead
body. The story ended with the car drove over her!
改译：
However, my excitement
disappeared when I learned about two incidents
during a chat
on the street. The first one
happened in the neighbouring village, where a man
was killed
in his home by three bothers from
the same village. The story began with a dispute
over
the land rents. A local bully wanted
lease land from a villager, but the owner was
unwilling to accept the low price offered. So
the bully hired someone to beat up the
owner
and threatened that killing him was nothing but a
couple of ten thousand yuan.
The enraged
victim then garnered the support from his two
brothers. Hence the murder,
and four shattered
families. The second incident took place in my own
village. One of our
village folks needed to
drive through the adjacent field to harvest corn.
The neighbour,
an old granny, refused as that
would crush her crops. As the argument escalated
into a
quarrel, the old lady lay down on the
ground
[2]
and challenged: “If you want to
pass,
drive over my body!” And so did the
driver. The case was settled for a couple of ten
thousand yuan.
原译：
While I was
young, the village was so safe that we need not
shut the doors at night.
When I came back from
school and there was no one home, it was very
natural that
aunty next-door would invite me
to her place for lunch. During harvest period, we
were
all very busy and appeal for help, the
neighbour would offer their help and stayed for
simple meals and chats. Now, value of life and
individual‟s value had undergone a
tremendous
change. We all realized that our country is
developing the urban area in full
force, we
hope to see change in our living environment and
believe there will be
tremendous change, but
those incidents that happened set me thinking,
should we do
more in the areas of moral values
to guide our village folks to cope with the
change.
改译：
While I was young, the
village was so safe that we need not shut the
doors at night.
When I came back from school
and there was no one home, the aunty next door
would
always invite me to her place for a
meal. Everything seemed so natural. During the
harvest season, when we asked our
neighbours for help, the return was only a simple
meal accompanied by a hearty chat. Now, life
and values in the village have undergone
tremendous changes. We all know that our
government is developing the rural areas in
full force. And I am looking forward to a
better life in my home town. But the incidents
set me thinking: Should we do more to preserve
the traditional values when times are
changing?（可以把原文改得更符合逻辑；极个别情况下才需要故意保留原文的不当）
收割机
刚开始认为，不可能是收割机，因为我没有见过收割玉米的收割
机。但查了资料，发现已经出现。但
译文仍保留了模糊性。（请用谷歌图片搜索找玉米收割机）
谁不讲理
农村土地条块分割，不一定临路。临路的农户，有义务让里面的农户通行。
Easement地役权
A right of passage over a
neighbor's land or waterway. An easement is a type
of servitude . For every easement, there is a
dominant and a servient
tenement . Easements
are also classified as negative (which prevents
the
servient land owner from doing certain
things) or affirmative easements (the
most
common, which allows the beneficiary of the
easement to do certain
things, such as a
right-of-way). Although right-of-ways are the most
common
easements, there are many others such
as rights to tunnel under another's
land, to
use a washroom, to emit smoke or fumes, to pass
over with
transmission towers, to access a
dock and to access a well.
另一个版本：
Translator: Chow Wan Ee
It was my National Day holiday homecoming.
Along the Yellow River stood our village, where
many
village folks, although clad no
differently from our last encounter, were cruising
behind wheels worth
well over two hundred
grand. That had pleased me.
But my
pleasure soon turned to dismay after chatting with
a village folk on a street corner. The folk
related two episodes. One occurred in the
adjoining village, where a man was killed in his
home by
three brothers. The killing was
precipitated by a land lease dispute. The man had
wanted to bully
one of the brothers into
accepting his offer price by having him thrashed
and terrorised, even
threatening that his life
would cost no more than a meagre sum. Indignant,
the brothers went after
the bully. The
consequence was one lost life and four broken
families. Another incident took place
in our
village. A village folk had requested a
neighbouring old lady’s permission to drive
through her
field to harvest his corn. Unable
to bear with the thought of flattened maize
plants, she refused. In a
battle of wits, she
lay on the field, defying her neighbour to drive
“over her dead body”. Refusing to
back down,
the rumbling vehicle surmounted the determined
human barrier. Eventually, the villager
paid a
couple of ten thousand yuan for a private
settlement.
During my childhood days,
house doors could be left ajar at night. When I
came home from school
occasionally to find
myself alone, the aunty next door would ask me
over. Taking my place at her
kitchen table had
seemed the most natural thing to do. During busy
farming seasons, we would call
for neighbours’
helping hands. Appreciation was a simple meal and
a cosy tête-à-tête. These days,
attitudes and
values have gone on a different tangent.
Certainly, the government is doing much to
develop the rural economy. I am eager to
witness better days at home, and am sure that
sweeping
changes will occur in no time. But
the two episodes struck a sensitive chord. Perhaps
we should
also look into shaping characters
and values to prevent the evacuation of moral
scruples when
prosperity finally ensues.
文章以小品的方式揭露当前的社会弊病。人们为了逐利而舍弃淳朴的乡风，
以致
道德沦亡。文章的尖锐并不辛辣讽刺，而是温柔震撼。因为娓娓道来，语调低沉，
所以更有
感染力，更发人深省。译文希望能再现原文的风格，并且做得更好。
[1]
可以通篇使用USD，这样，几万元就可以说a few thousand
dollars.
[2]
有同学用in front of the
machine很好。
2005年研究生招生基础英语试题参考译文（“王阳明捉贼”部分）
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院 李长栓
原文：
明代哲学家王阳明早年被贬到贵州龙
场做地方官时，捕获了当地一个强盗头目。该头目在受审时说：
“我犯的是死罪，要杀要剐，任你怎么处
置，只请你不要和我谈道德良知。像我这种人是从来不谈这
个的，甚至连想都没有想过。”王阳明说：“
好的。今天我不和你谈道德良知。不过，天气这么热，你
看在审案前我们还是把外衣脱了吧。”强盗头目
说：“好！”脱去外衣后，王阳明又说：“还是热，再把
内衣也脱了吧。”强盗头目当然不会在乎赤膊，
于是就脱去内衣。庭上庭下两人身上只剩下一件裤头。
而此时王阳明更进一步，说道：“干脆我们把裤头
也脱了吧，全身赤裸更自在……”一听说连裤头也要
脱，强盗头目赶紧说：“这可使不得！这可使不得！
”面对此情此景，王阳明当即来了一番水到渠成的
因势利导：“为什么„使不得‟，这是因为在你心中还
剩有那么一点羞耻感。可见就是像你这样十恶不赦
的家伙，我照样可以和你谈„道德良知‟……”强盗头
目心服口服，随即讲自己的种种罪行一一如实供出。
参考译文：
The ancient
philosopher Wang Yangming offended some powerful
officials of the imperial
court and was
demoted to the position of a local official in the
remote province of
Guizhou. During his term,
he arrested the head of a burglary gang. In the
trial, the
suspect said,
you want but
spare me the moral talk. A guy like me never talks
morals. I don't even
think about them.
Wang
replied,
take off our coats before the
trial.
The gangster naturally didn‟t
mind being bare-chested, so he took off his shirt.
Now both
of them had nothing left but their
pants. Wang then said,
be more comfortable if
we‟re naked.
At this point, Wang cut to
his point and said,
pants is that you still
know shame. This proves that even a notorious and
ruthless man
like yourself is concerned
with morality.
argument that he confessed all
his crimes.
2009年研究生入学试题参考译文和分析（“国庆节返乡”部分）
李长栓
星期三,
05062009 - 07:57 — 李长栓
《国庆节回家》翻译中的主要问题
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院 李长栓
理解问题
汉语中充满了歧义。单靠语言翻译，
无法准确传达实际的含义。必须了解社会现实。圣经看不懂，古
文看不懂，就是不懂当时的社会状况。当
时的人很清楚什么意思。即使历史清白、地主、landlord
这些常见的词，中国的青少年都不一定
理解，中国人的理解和外国人的理解也不一样。
原文：
国庆节回家，那个黄河
边上的乡村，开小汽车的乡亲开始多见，虽然他们穿衣打扮还没有太多的改变，
但当我看到他们开上价值
20多万的汽车时，我很是欣喜。
但欣喜似乎很快止于一次街头的聊天，乡亲【几个？】告诉了我这里
发生的两件事。首先是旁边村子
里一个人被同村的三兄弟杀死在家中，事情起源于土地租赁，因为租金高
低的纠纷，欲强租土地【强
租一人还是多人的土地，还是三兄弟的土地？】的人找人把不愿意接受租金价
位的人打了【打了一人，
还是多人，还是打了三兄弟？】，【是地主把雇农打了（旧社会），还是雇农把
地主打了（新中国）】
还发出狠话【啥是狠话？】，打死也就是几万块钱的事，于是被打的一方三兄弟联
合起来，有了这一
命案，四个家庭随之破碎。还有一个发生在我们村里，收割玉米的乡亲【是一家，还是
几家】欲从邻
居家【住所相邻？土地相邻？】地上开车通过【收割前？收割后？为什么开车？收割机？拉
庄稼的农
用车（奔马、四轮带拖挂）？为什么要从人家地里过？故意找茬？捷径？】，邻
居老太太心疼庄稼不
许，争吵中躺在自家田头说：要过，就从身上轧过。于是车轰鸣着，轧过老人，陪了
几万块私了。
【到底谁不讲道理？】
儿时的乡村，是
可以夜不闭户的。【为什么夜不闭户，都不关门？】放学回家，有时家中无人，邻居
大婶【是今天一个大
婶，明天换个大婶，还是就那一个】总是招呼到他们家，坐在饭桌前，一切都是
那么自然。农忙时，家里
农活忙碌，邀邻居来帮，【会来帮忙，还是如果来帮忙】只需吃顿简单的饭，
聊聊天。【先吃饭，后帮忙
；还是先帮忙，后吃饭？】【帮完忙先回家，吃饭时再来，还是不回家，
吃完再走；是专门请一次？是为
了吃顿饭才帮忙吗？】现在这里，生活的认知和价值观已经发生了很
大的改变。我们都知道，国家在大力
发展农村经济，我也期待家乡环境的改善【什么环境？】，也相
信很快就会有大的变化，但乡村的这些事
也让我思考，我们是否应该在文化价值观方面，做出相应的
指点和引导呢？【什么意思？怎么指导？】
2009年1月高翻入学试题
表达问题
1.
杀人案中各个人物及其动作如何表达，才不至于引起混乱，如谁是victim; lease,
rent, let等动词
的双向性。
2.
选择谁是victim，反映译者的立场。
3.
有人用A,
B表示两个人，意思虽清楚，不符合语言习惯。
4.
it和this。A man was killed by three brothers. It
all started from a dispute over rent.
[it
指代一个名词；this指代上述状况]
5.
区区几万元怎么说？merely a couple of wan (=10,000)
yuan; a few wan kuai (10,000
yuan); a couple
of ten thousand yuan.
A few dozen thousand
yuan 可以，但节奏别扭。比较时可用，如：a few thousand or a few
dozen thousand dollars?
Tens of thousands
yuan, several tens of thousands yuan.给人以“多”的感觉，不用
6.
Yuan为什么大写？
修改举例
原译：
I went home
during the National Day, when I passed by the
yellow river, I saw more
people driving their
cars, though their appearances had not changed
much, I was happy
when I saw them driving
their car that cost more than 200 millions.
改译：
I returned to my hometown during the
National Day holiday. In the village on the Yellow
River, I saw more and more people driving
cars. Although their appearance has not
changed much, I was excited to see them own
cars that cost over 200,000 yuan
(USD30,000).
[1]
原译：
However, my happiness ceased when I chatted
with the folks and was told that two
incidents
that happened. The first incident happened in the
neighboring village where a
person was killed
in his home by two bothers from the same village,
the story began with
the rental of land, due
to the rental scuffle, the tenant beat the party
whom refused to
accept rental offered, the
tenant was quoted as saying would kill the person
because of
the few million dollars involved,
the victim then garnered the support from his two
brothers and hence the murder, four families
were shattered in this incident. The second
incident happened in our village. One of our
village folks, after harvesting and collecting
his corn requested to drive pass the field of
his neighbour, the old lady of the neighboring
house refused as she treasure her crops in the
field, a quarrel started and the old lady
said
in anger that the neighbour could either drive
pass his own field or driver over her
dead
body. The story ended with the car drove over her!
改译：
However, my excitement
disappeared when I learned about two incidents
during a chat
on the street. The first one
happened in the neighbouring village, where a man
was killed
in his home by three bothers from
the same village. The story began with a dispute
over
the land rents. A local bully wanted
lease land from a villager, but the owner was
unwilling to accept the low price offered. So
the bully hired someone to beat up the
owner
and threatened that killing him was nothing but a
couple of ten thousand yuan.
The enraged
victim then garnered the support from his two
brothers. Hence the murder,
and four shattered
families. The second incident took place in my own
village. One of our
village folks needed to
drive through the adjacent field to harvest corn.
The neighbour,
an old granny, refused as that
would crush her crops. As the argument escalated
into a
quarrel, the old lady lay down on the
ground
[2]
and challenged: “If you want to
pass,
drive over my body!” And so did the
driver. The case was settled for a couple of ten
thousand yuan.
原译：
While I was
young, the village was so safe that we need not
shut the doors at night.
When I came back from
school and there was no one home, it was very
natural that
aunty next-door would invite me
to her place for lunch. During harvest period, we
were
all very busy and appeal for help, the
neighbour would offer their help and stayed for
simple meals and chats. Now, value of life and
individual‟s value had undergone a
tremendous
change. We all realized that our country is
developing the urban area in full
force, we
hope to see change in our living environment and
believe there will be
tremendous change, but
those incidents that happened set me thinking,
should we do
more in the areas of moral values
to guide our village folks to cope with the
change.
改译：
While I was young, the
village was so safe that we need not shut the
doors at night.
When I came back from school
and there was no one home, the aunty next door
would
always invite me to her place for a
meal. Everything seemed so natural. During the
harvest season, when we asked our
neighbours for help, the return was only a simple
meal accompanied by a hearty chat. Now, life
and values in the village have undergone
tremendous changes. We all know that our
government is developing the rural areas in
full force. And I am looking forward to a
better life in my home town. But the incidents
set me thinking: Should we do more to preserve
the traditional values when times are
changing?（可以把原文改得更符合逻辑；极个别情况下才需要故意保留原文的不当）
收割机
刚开始认为，不可能是收割机，因为我没有见过收割玉米的收割
机。但查了资料，发现已经出现。但
译文仍保留了模糊性。（请用谷歌图片搜索找玉米收割机）
谁不讲理
农村土地条块分割，不一定临路。临路的农户，有义务让里面的农户通行。
Easement地役权
A right of passage over a
neighbor's land or waterway. An easement is a type
of servitude . For every easement, there is a
dominant and a servient
tenement . Easements
are also classified as negative (which prevents
the
servient land owner from doing certain
things) or affirmative easements (the
most
common, which allows the beneficiary of the
easement to do certain
things, such as a
right-of-way). Although right-of-ways are the most
common
easements, there are many others such
as rights to tunnel under another's
land, to
use a washroom, to emit smoke or fumes, to pass
over with
transmission towers, to access a
dock and to access a well.
另一个版本：
Translator: Chow Wan Ee
It was my National Day holiday homecoming.
Along the Yellow River stood our village, where
many
village folks, although clad no
differently from our last encounter, were cruising
behind wheels worth
well over two hundred
grand. That had pleased me.
But my
pleasure soon turned to dismay after chatting with
a village folk on a street corner. The folk
related two episodes. One occurred in the
adjoining village, where a man was killed in his
home by
three brothers. The killing was
precipitated by a land lease dispute. The man had
wanted to bully
one of the brothers into
accepting his offer price by having him thrashed
and terrorised, even
threatening that his life
would cost no more than a meagre sum. Indignant,
the brothers went after
the bully. The
consequence was one lost life and four broken
families. Another incident took place
in our
village. A village folk had requested a
neighbouring old lady’s permission to drive
through her
field to harvest his corn. Unable
to bear with the thought of flattened maize
plants, she refused. In a
battle of wits, she
lay on the field, defying her neighbour to drive
“over her dead body”. Refusing to
back down,
the rumbling vehicle surmounted the determined
human barrier. Eventually, the villager
paid a
couple of ten thousand yuan for a private
settlement.
During my childhood days,
house doors could be left ajar at night. When I
came home from school
occasionally to find
myself alone, the aunty next door would ask me
over. Taking my place at her
kitchen table had
seemed the most natural thing to do. During busy
farming seasons, we would call
for neighbours’
helping hands. Appreciation was a simple meal and
a cosy tête-à-tête. These days,
attitudes and
values have gone on a different tangent.
Certainly, the government is doing much to
develop the rural economy. I am eager to
witness better days at home, and am sure that
sweeping
changes will occur in no time. But
the two episodes struck a sensitive chord. Perhaps
we should
also look into shaping characters
and values to prevent the evacuation of moral
scruples when
prosperity finally ensues.
文章以小品的方式揭露当前的社会弊病。人们为了逐利而舍弃淳朴的乡风，
以致
道德沦亡。文章的尖锐并不辛辣讽刺，而是温柔震撼。因为娓娓道来，语调低沉，
所以更有
感染力，更发人深省。译文希望能再现原文的风格，并且做得更好。
[1]
可以通篇使用USD，这样，几万元就可以说a few thousand
dollars.
[2]
有同学用in front of the
machine很好。