高考英语总复习之阅读理解解题技巧之推理判断
一丘之貉的意思-广东工业大学教务处
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之推理判断
这类题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过
语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲
作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高
层次阅读理解题。做这类
题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思
维，同时借
助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply,
indicate, suggest
(推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的
意思，更重要的是要知道文章
潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理
的猜测和推论。
关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内
容；
明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义
和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出
正确的推论。
这种问题的提问方式通常有：
(1) From paragraph 4 we can
infer that. What can be inferred from the
passage?
From the last paragraph we can infer
that .
(2) We can infer from the text that…
What can we learn from…? We can conclude
from
the
passage that…
(3) The last sentence of
the first paragraph most probably implies that.
(4) The author implies that by the year 2080,
.
(5) To solve the present social problems the
author suggests that we should.
(6) The author
mentions the fact that…to show.
(7) This
passage would most likely be found in _________?
(8) The author’s attitude toward …is
_________?
(9) The tone of the passage can
best be described as _________?
这些提问方式的答案一般在短文
中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与
短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而
得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所
暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：
a) 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未
-
1 - 11
知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆
想，凭空想象，随意
揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
b) 要吃透文章的字面意
思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。
有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所
阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背
景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合
文章原意的结论。
c) 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从
特殊到
一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取
义，以偏概全。
d) 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，
揣摩作
者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
e) 在解答推理性问题时，一
定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问
题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题
思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断
可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依
据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。
针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。
以下介绍几种常见的推理判断题型：
1．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断
具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、
具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出
发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并
借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
例题
MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada
border(边界) to go to church on a
Sunday cost a
US citizen $$ 10,000 for breaking Washington’s
strict new security(安
全) rules.
The
expensive trip to church was a surprise for
Richard Albert, who lives right
on the
Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people
of Township 15, crossing
the border is a daily
occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebecvillage of
St. Pamphile
is where they shop, eat and go to
church.
…
59. We learn from the text that
Richard Albert is _______.
A. an American
living in Township 15
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B. a Canadian living in a Quebec
village
C. a Canadian working in a customs
station
D. an American working in a Canadian
church
【答案与解析】选A。根据第一段中的cost a US citizen $$
10,000可以推断出Richard
Albert是美国人，working in a
Canadian church与第二段后两句事实不符。
2．因果推断题
要求考生根据
已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考
生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解
文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系
信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从
而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致
的结果。
例题1
60.
Albert was fined because he ________
A.
failed to obey traffic rules.
B. broke the
American security rules.
C. worked in St.
Pamphile without a pass.
D. damaged the gate
of the customs office.
答案与解析：选B。从第一段得知Albert被海关罚了$$10,000是因为breaking
Washington’s strict new security(安全) rules。
例题2
Paul Zindel’s death on March 27,2003
ended the brilliant life of a famous writer.
Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize
as well as an Obie Prize for his
1970 play The
Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds,
but be was one of
the earliest writers in the
field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young
adults
（成人）. The Pigman, published in 1968, is
still one of the most well-known and
widely-
taught novels in the genre. The American Library
Association has named it one
of the 100 Best
of the Best Books for Young Adults published
between 1967 and 1992,
and Zindel’s
autobiography, The Pigman and Me, was among the
100 Best of the Best
Books published for
teenagers during the last part of the twentieth
century. Six of
Zindel’s books, in fact, have
been voted the Best Books for Young Adults, and
most
of his recent horror books-such as The
Doom Stone and Rats-have been chosen as Quick
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Picks for Reluctant Young
Adult Readers. Clearly, he was a writer who knew
how to
interest contemporary children.
Recognizing that, the American Library Association
in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret
A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime
achievements, and later that same year he was
presented with the ALAN Prize for his
contributions to Young Adult Literature. With
his passing, young readers, teachers,
and
librarians have lost a great friend.
57. Why
was Paul Zindel honored with the Margaret A.
Edwards Prize?
A. His books were widely read
by children.
B. His books were interesting and
helpful to adults.
C. He made great
contributions to contemporary literature.
D.
He wrote a number of horror books for young
adults.
3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中
有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语
中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或
文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定
注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字
里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思
想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写
环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意
作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的
形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
例题1
Parents should stop blaming themselves
because there’s not a lot they can do
about
it. I mean the teenager (十几岁的孩子) problem. Whatever
you do or however you
choose to deal with it,
at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and
helpful child
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will turn
into a terrible animal.
I’ve seen friends deal
with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict
mother
insisted that her son, right from a
child, should stand up whenever anyone entered
the room, open doors and shake hands like a
gentleman. I saw him last week when I
called
round. Sprawling himself (懒散地躺) on the sofa in
full length, he made no
attempt to turn off
the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and
his greeting was
no more than a quick glance
at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don’t know what
to
do with him these days,” she said. “He’s
forgotten all the manners we taught him.”
He
hasn’t forgotten them. He’ s just decided that he’
s not going to use them.
She confessed (坦白)
that she would like to come up behind him and
throw him down
from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two
daughters climb all over the furniture,
reach
across the table, stare at me and say, “I don’t
like your dress; it’s ugly.”
One of the
daughters has recently been driven out of school.
The other has left home.
“Where did we go
wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably
nowhere much.
At least, no more than the rest
of that unfortunate race, parents.
73. The boy
on the sofa would most probably be described as
______.
A. lazy B. quiet G. unusual D.
rude
74. From the second example we can infer
that the parents of the two daughters
______.
A. pay no attention to them B. are too busy
to look after them
C. have come to hate them
D. feel helpless to do much about them
75.
What is the author’s opinion about the sudden
change in teenage children?
A. Parents have no
choice but to try to accept it.
B. Parents
should pay still sore attention to the change.
C. Parents should work more closely with
school teachers.
D. Parents are at fault for
the change in their children.
【答案与解析】
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74.
选D。此题属于“人物心情处境推断题”。最后一段，“‘Where did we go wrong?’
her parents are now very
sad.”一句可推测这两位父母对他们学坏的女儿无可奈何，因此
正确答案为D。
75.
选A。此题属于“态度及观点推断题”，文中第一句话“Parents should stop
blaming
themselves because there’s not a lot
they can do about it.”就表明了作者的观点，
父母不应当总是为此事而责怪自
己。应当采取措施面对这个事情。然后最后又用了“Probably
nowhere much.
At least, no more than the rest of that
unfortunate race,
parents.”
做总结，表明父母们不得不接受这个不好的事实。
例题2
How could we possibly think that keeping
animals in cages in unnatural
environments－mostly for entertainment
purposes－is fair and respectful?
…
The
animals are kept together in small spaces, with no
privacy and little
opportunity for mental and
physical exercise. This results in unusual and
self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A
worldwide study of zoos found that
zoochosis
is common among animals kept in small spaces or
cages. Another study showed
that elephants
spend 22 percent of their time making repeated
head movements or biting
cage bars, and bears
spend 30 percent of their time walking back and
forth, a sign
of unhappiness and pain.
…
64. How would the author describe the animals’
life in zoos?
A. Dangerous. B. Unhappy. C.
Natural. D. Easy.
答案与解析：64.
选B。此题属于“态度及观点推断题”，由本段中的第一句话keeping
animals in
cages in unnatural environments，以及后文当中的The animals
are kept
together in small spaces, 和 a sign of
unhappiness and pain. 可以推断出作者认为动
物园中的动物的生活不幸福。
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4．篇章结构推断题
根据不同文章的内容和写
作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作
者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的
组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不
同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助
于提高阅读质量。
例题1
Have you ever wondered why
birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just
happy.
After all, you probably sing or whistle
when you are happy.
Some scientists believe
that birds do sing some of the time just because
they
are happy. However, they sing most of the
time for a very different reason. Their
singing is actually a warning to other birds
to stay out of their territory.
…
59. How
does the writer explain birds’ singing?
A. By
comparing birds with human beings.
B. By
reporting experiment results.
C. By describing
birds’ daily life.
D. By telling a bird’s
story.
【答案与解析】59. 选A。由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。
例题2
In the course of working my way
through school, I took many jobs I would rather
forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful
as my job in an apple plant. The work
was
hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the
working conditions were terrible.
First of
all, the job made huge demands on my strength…
…
I stayed on the job for five months, all
the while hating the difficulty of the
work,
the poor money, and the conditions under which I
worked. By the time I left,
I was determined
never to go back there again.
52. How is the
text organized?
A. Topic—Argument—Explanation
B. Opinion—Discussion--Description
C. Main
idea—Comparison—Supporting examples
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D. Introduction—Supporting
examples—Conclusion
5．文章结论推断题
由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。
例题
In
1837, the historian Carlyle made the first
recorded use of the word
(排队). He
spoke of
the French and their of standing in a queueForty
years later Paris
was the best
place to
wait in line. However, queuing became popular in
Britain too. The Second
World War was the
golden age of queuing, and people joined any line
in the hope that
it was a queue for something
to buy. This was the source of many Second World
War
jokes:
Shopkeeper to customer: Excuse
me, miss, are you pregnant (怀孕)?
Customer:
Well, I wasn’t when I joined the queue.
Today,
according to research in America, we (in Britain)
can spend up to 5 years
of our lives
queuing - as compared to twelve months looking
for things we have lost. But things
may be
changing.
…
But some people just like
queuing. One man queued all night for Harrods
famous
January sale, and then returned home
for breakfast at nine o’ clock the next morning
without going into the shop.
71. We can
infer from the passage that ________.
A. queue
management doesn’t work well
B. there is still
queuing in England
C. we don’t see much
queuing in Paris
- 8 - 11
D. the
French like queuing more than the British
【答案与解析】 71.选B。文章结论推断题。文章最后说了“But some people
just like
queuing.”，该句表明在英国还是有人喜欢排队，因此排队仍然存在。
6．预测题
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能
涉及
的内容等进行预测推理。
常见的与预测相关的问题主要有：
What
information will probably be provided following
the last paragraph?
What do you think the
author is most likely to suggest if he continues
to write?
What would… do in the end?
对于这类问题的判断，
做这类题时应常常要纵览全文，把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事
件发展的经过描
写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述），作者往往在前文提出几个要解决或说明的问
题，
提出几种观点看法，然后在下文一一解释说明，考生可通过文章，找出作者已经阐明了哪些
问题或观点，然后接下去文章将会如何发展便一目了然了。
例题1
Giving Back
Fair Way
The WestboroughHigh School golf
team had taken the official photos with the state
prize. The other teams, disappointed, were on
the bus heading home. And then
Westborough
instructor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on
one of the score cards.
A 9 had been recorded
as a 7. They were not the state prize winner;
Woburn High had
won. “ No one would have
known, “ said Woburn’s instructor, Bob Doran. For
Rota,
it wasn’t a difficult decision: “The
prize wasn’t ours to take.”
60. What did Greg
Rota probably do in the end?
A. Took photos
of Doran.
B. Had a meeting with Doran.
C. Returned the prize to the organizer.
D. Apologized to WoburnHigh School.
61.
Greg Rota’s decision shows that he was .
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11
A. honest B. polite
C. careful D. friendly
例题2
I THIRST
Each day water-related diseases
kill 3,900 of world’s children.
Across the
world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean
drinking water. More
than 2.5 billion people
lack basic
sanitation
.(卫生设备)
The
combination proves deadly. Each year, diseases
related to inadequate water
and sanitation
kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an
estimated 80 percent
of all sicknesses in the
developing world. Safe drinking water is a
precondition for
health and the fight against
child death rate, inequality between men and
women, and
poverty.
…
Here are three
ways you can help:
1) Write Congress
…
2) Sponsor a project with a faith-based
organization
…
3) Support nonprofit water
organizations
Numerous U.S.-based nonprofits
work skillfully abroad in community-led projects
related to drinking water and sanitation. Like
the sample of non-profits noted as
follows:
some organizations are large, other small-scale,
some operate worldwide,
others are devoted to
certain areas in Africa, Asia, or Latin America.
Support them
generously.
75. What
information will probably be provided following
the last paragraph?
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A. A
variety of companies and their worldwide
operation.
B. A list of nonprofit water
organizations to make contact with.
C. Some
ways to get financial aids from U.S. Congress.
D. A few water resources exploited by some
world-famous organizations.
【答案与解析】选B。这是一篇广告，要
求为全世界缺水或饮用水不安全的人捐献一
份爱心。本题是一道预测题。根据最后一段Like the
sample of non-profits noted as
follows:… 一句可预测
下一段将为读者提供的是“非赢利性组织名单”，以便捐献爱心的人
和他们取得联系。因此正确答案选B
。其他三个选项都与本广告的目的不符，故都排除。
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高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之推理判断
这类
题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲
作者的态度，理解文章
的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类
题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，
从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借
助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply,
indicate, suggest
(推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的
意思，更重要的是要知道文章
潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理
的猜测和推论。
关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内
容；
明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义
和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出
正确的推论。
这种问题的提问方式通常有：
(1) From paragraph 4 we can
infer that. What can be inferred from the
passage?
From the last paragraph we can infer
that .
(2) We can infer from the text that…
What can we learn from…? We can conclude
from
the
passage that…
(3) The last sentence of
the first paragraph most probably implies that.
(4) The author implies that by the year 2080,
.
(5) To solve the present social problems the
author suggests that we should.
(6) The author
mentions the fact that…to show.
(7) This
passage would most likely be found in _________?
(8) The author’s attitude toward …is
_________?
(9) The tone of the passage can
best be described as _________?
这些提问方式的答案一般在短文
中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与
短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而
得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所
暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：
a) 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未
-
1 - 11
知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆
想，凭空想象，随意
揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
b) 要吃透文章的字面意
思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。
有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所
阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背
景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合
文章原意的结论。
c) 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从
特殊到
一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取
义，以偏概全。
d) 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，
揣摩作
者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
e) 在解答推理性问题时，一
定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问
题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题
思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断
可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依
据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。
针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。
以下介绍几种常见的推理判断题型：
1．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断
具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、
具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出
发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并
借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
例题
MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada
border(边界) to go to church on a
Sunday cost a
US citizen $$ 10,000 for breaking Washington’s
strict new security(安
全) rules.
The
expensive trip to church was a surprise for
Richard Albert, who lives right
on the
Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people
of Township 15, crossing
the border is a daily
occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebecvillage of
St. Pamphile
is where they shop, eat and go to
church.
…
59. We learn from the text that
Richard Albert is _______.
A. an American
living in Township 15
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B. a Canadian living in a Quebec
village
C. a Canadian working in a customs
station
D. an American working in a Canadian
church
【答案与解析】选A。根据第一段中的cost a US citizen $$
10,000可以推断出Richard
Albert是美国人，working in a
Canadian church与第二段后两句事实不符。
2．因果推断题
要求考生根据
已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考
生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解
文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系
信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从
而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致
的结果。
例题1
60.
Albert was fined because he ________
A.
failed to obey traffic rules.
B. broke the
American security rules.
C. worked in St.
Pamphile without a pass.
D. damaged the gate
of the customs office.
答案与解析：选B。从第一段得知Albert被海关罚了$$10,000是因为breaking
Washington’s strict new security(安全) rules。
例题2
Paul Zindel’s death on March 27,2003
ended the brilliant life of a famous writer.
Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize
as well as an Obie Prize for his
1970 play The
Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds,
but be was one of
the earliest writers in the
field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young
adults
（成人）. The Pigman, published in 1968, is
still one of the most well-known and
widely-
taught novels in the genre. The American Library
Association has named it one
of the 100 Best
of the Best Books for Young Adults published
between 1967 and 1992,
and Zindel’s
autobiography, The Pigman and Me, was among the
100 Best of the Best
Books published for
teenagers during the last part of the twentieth
century. Six of
Zindel’s books, in fact, have
been voted the Best Books for Young Adults, and
most
of his recent horror books-such as The
Doom Stone and Rats-have been chosen as Quick
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Picks for Reluctant Young
Adult Readers. Clearly, he was a writer who knew
how to
interest contemporary children.
Recognizing that, the American Library Association
in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret
A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime
achievements, and later that same year he was
presented with the ALAN Prize for his
contributions to Young Adult Literature. With
his passing, young readers, teachers,
and
librarians have lost a great friend.
57. Why
was Paul Zindel honored with the Margaret A.
Edwards Prize?
A. His books were widely read
by children.
B. His books were interesting and
helpful to adults.
C. He made great
contributions to contemporary literature.
D.
He wrote a number of horror books for young
adults.
3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中
有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语
中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或
文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定
注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字
里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思
想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写
环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意
作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的
形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
例题1
Parents should stop blaming themselves
because there’s not a lot they can do
about
it. I mean the teenager (十几岁的孩子) problem. Whatever
you do or however you
choose to deal with it,
at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and
helpful child
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will turn
into a terrible animal.
I’ve seen friends deal
with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict
mother
insisted that her son, right from a
child, should stand up whenever anyone entered
the room, open doors and shake hands like a
gentleman. I saw him last week when I
called
round. Sprawling himself (懒散地躺) on the sofa in
full length, he made no
attempt to turn off
the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and
his greeting was
no more than a quick glance
at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don’t know what
to
do with him these days,” she said. “He’s
forgotten all the manners we taught him.”
He
hasn’t forgotten them. He’ s just decided that he’
s not going to use them.
She confessed (坦白)
that she would like to come up behind him and
throw him down
from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two
daughters climb all over the furniture,
reach
across the table, stare at me and say, “I don’t
like your dress; it’s ugly.”
One of the
daughters has recently been driven out of school.
The other has left home.
“Where did we go
wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably
nowhere much.
At least, no more than the rest
of that unfortunate race, parents.
73. The boy
on the sofa would most probably be described as
______.
A. lazy B. quiet G. unusual D.
rude
74. From the second example we can infer
that the parents of the two daughters
______.
A. pay no attention to them B. are too busy
to look after them
C. have come to hate them
D. feel helpless to do much about them
75.
What is the author’s opinion about the sudden
change in teenage children?
A. Parents have no
choice but to try to accept it.
B. Parents
should pay still sore attention to the change.
C. Parents should work more closely with
school teachers.
D. Parents are at fault for
the change in their children.
【答案与解析】
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74.
选D。此题属于“人物心情处境推断题”。最后一段，“‘Where did we go wrong?’
her parents are now very
sad.”一句可推测这两位父母对他们学坏的女儿无可奈何，因此
正确答案为D。
75.
选A。此题属于“态度及观点推断题”，文中第一句话“Parents should stop
blaming
themselves because there’s not a lot
they can do about it.”就表明了作者的观点，
父母不应当总是为此事而责怪自
己。应当采取措施面对这个事情。然后最后又用了“Probably
nowhere much.
At least, no more than the rest of that
unfortunate race,
parents.”
做总结，表明父母们不得不接受这个不好的事实。
例题2
How could we possibly think that keeping
animals in cages in unnatural
environments－mostly for entertainment
purposes－is fair and respectful?
…
The
animals are kept together in small spaces, with no
privacy and little
opportunity for mental and
physical exercise. This results in unusual and
self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A
worldwide study of zoos found that
zoochosis
is common among animals kept in small spaces or
cages. Another study showed
that elephants
spend 22 percent of their time making repeated
head movements or biting
cage bars, and bears
spend 30 percent of their time walking back and
forth, a sign
of unhappiness and pain.
…
64. How would the author describe the animals’
life in zoos?
A. Dangerous. B. Unhappy. C.
Natural. D. Easy.
答案与解析：64.
选B。此题属于“态度及观点推断题”，由本段中的第一句话keeping
animals in
cages in unnatural environments，以及后文当中的The animals
are kept
together in small spaces, 和 a sign of
unhappiness and pain. 可以推断出作者认为动
物园中的动物的生活不幸福。
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4．篇章结构推断题
根据不同文章的内容和写
作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作
者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的
组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不
同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助
于提高阅读质量。
例题1
Have you ever wondered why
birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just
happy.
After all, you probably sing or whistle
when you are happy.
Some scientists believe
that birds do sing some of the time just because
they
are happy. However, they sing most of the
time for a very different reason. Their
singing is actually a warning to other birds
to stay out of their territory.
…
59. How
does the writer explain birds’ singing?
A. By
comparing birds with human beings.
B. By
reporting experiment results.
C. By describing
birds’ daily life.
D. By telling a bird’s
story.
【答案与解析】59. 选A。由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。
例题2
In the course of working my way
through school, I took many jobs I would rather
forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful
as my job in an apple plant. The work
was
hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the
working conditions were terrible.
First of
all, the job made huge demands on my strength…
…
I stayed on the job for five months, all
the while hating the difficulty of the
work,
the poor money, and the conditions under which I
worked. By the time I left,
I was determined
never to go back there again.
52. How is the
text organized?
A. Topic—Argument—Explanation
B. Opinion—Discussion--Description
C. Main
idea—Comparison—Supporting examples
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D. Introduction—Supporting
examples—Conclusion
5．文章结论推断题
由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。
例题
In
1837, the historian Carlyle made the first
recorded use of the word
(排队). He
spoke of
the French and their of standing in a queueForty
years later Paris
was the best
place to
wait in line. However, queuing became popular in
Britain too. The Second
World War was the
golden age of queuing, and people joined any line
in the hope that
it was a queue for something
to buy. This was the source of many Second World
War
jokes:
Shopkeeper to customer: Excuse
me, miss, are you pregnant (怀孕)?
Customer:
Well, I wasn’t when I joined the queue.
Today,
according to research in America, we (in Britain)
can spend up to 5 years
of our lives
queuing - as compared to twelve months looking
for things we have lost. But things
may be
changing.
…
But some people just like
queuing. One man queued all night for Harrods
famous
January sale, and then returned home
for breakfast at nine o’ clock the next morning
without going into the shop.
71. We can
infer from the passage that ________.
A. queue
management doesn’t work well
B. there is still
queuing in England
C. we don’t see much
queuing in Paris
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D. the
French like queuing more than the British
【答案与解析】 71.选B。文章结论推断题。文章最后说了“But some people
just like
queuing.”，该句表明在英国还是有人喜欢排队，因此排队仍然存在。
6．预测题
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能
涉及
的内容等进行预测推理。
常见的与预测相关的问题主要有：
What
information will probably be provided following
the last paragraph?
What do you think the
author is most likely to suggest if he continues
to write?
What would… do in the end?
对于这类问题的判断，
做这类题时应常常要纵览全文，把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事
件发展的经过描
写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述），作者往往在前文提出几个要解决或说明的问
题，
提出几种观点看法，然后在下文一一解释说明，考生可通过文章，找出作者已经阐明了哪些
问题或观点，然后接下去文章将会如何发展便一目了然了。
例题1
Giving Back
Fair Way
The WestboroughHigh School golf
team had taken the official photos with the state
prize. The other teams, disappointed, were on
the bus heading home. And then
Westborough
instructor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on
one of the score cards.
A 9 had been recorded
as a 7. They were not the state prize winner;
Woburn High had
won. “ No one would have
known, “ said Woburn’s instructor, Bob Doran. For
Rota,
it wasn’t a difficult decision: “The
prize wasn’t ours to take.”
60. What did Greg
Rota probably do in the end?
A. Took photos
of Doran.
B. Had a meeting with Doran.
C. Returned the prize to the organizer.
D. Apologized to WoburnHigh School.
61.
Greg Rota’s decision shows that he was .
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11
A. honest B. polite
C. careful D. friendly
例题2
I THIRST
Each day water-related diseases
kill 3,900 of world’s children.
Across the
world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean
drinking water. More
than 2.5 billion people
lack basic
sanitation
.(卫生设备)
The
combination proves deadly. Each year, diseases
related to inadequate water
and sanitation
kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an
estimated 80 percent
of all sicknesses in the
developing world. Safe drinking water is a
precondition for
health and the fight against
child death rate, inequality between men and
women, and
poverty.
…
Here are three
ways you can help:
1) Write Congress
…
2) Sponsor a project with a faith-based
organization
…
3) Support nonprofit water
organizations
Numerous U.S.-based nonprofits
work skillfully abroad in community-led projects
related to drinking water and sanitation. Like
the sample of non-profits noted as
follows:
some organizations are large, other small-scale,
some operate worldwide,
others are devoted to
certain areas in Africa, Asia, or Latin America.
Support them
generously.
75. What
information will probably be provided following
the last paragraph?
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A. A
variety of companies and their worldwide
operation.
B. A list of nonprofit water
organizations to make contact with.
C. Some
ways to get financial aids from U.S. Congress.
D. A few water resources exploited by some
world-famous organizations.
【答案与解析】选B。这是一篇广告，要
求为全世界缺水或饮用水不安全的人捐献一
份爱心。本题是一道预测题。根据最后一段Like the
sample of non-profits noted as
follows:… 一句可预测
下一段将为读者提供的是“非赢利性组织名单”，以便捐献爱心的人
和他们取得联系。因此正确答案选B
。其他三个选项都与本广告的目的不符，故都排除。
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