什么是ERS
唐伯虎点秋香经典台词-高考地图
Evaluated Receipt Settlement (ERS) is a
procedure for the automatic settlement of goods
receipts. It was pioneered by General Motors
(GM) to save the company time and money
(1).
Major benefits of ERS include invoice variance
prevention (2), the elimination of
non-value-
added work (like tasks associated with
reconciliation), and opportunity cost of
capital savings (3).
When GM
pioneered the process in 1994, it processed
approximately 1.5 million
transactions per
month. ERS effectively eliminated the need for
paper invoices and
checks between the company
and its suppliers (3). In the years since then,
several
variations of the original GM
procedure have developed.
The ERS has
become a more and more widely used electronic data
interchange (EDI)
transaction since the legal
and accounting implications have been addresses.
Supply Chain Managers should become
familiar with the purpose and use of the ERS
transaction, in particular as a supplier, as
you may face a mandate from your customers to
utilize this technology.
What is it?
ERS is a business process between trading
partners that conduct commerce without
invoices. In an ERS transaction, the supplier
ships goods based upon an Advance
Shipping
Notice (ASN), and the purchaser, upon receipt,
confirms the existence of a
corresponding
purchase order or contract, verifies the identity
and quantity of the goods,
and then pays the
supplier.
How does it work?
A supplier and
its purchaser enter into an agreement to use
evaluated receipts settlement.
The supplier
keeps the purchaser current with pricesales
catalogue data from which the
purchaser
extracts accurate product and pricing information
during the purchasing cycle.
The supplier
delivers the ASN to the purchaser, permitting
loadingreceiving docks to be
properly
scheduled and accurate material receipts to be
generated. The purchaser
authorizes supplier
payment upon confirmation of arrival of goods,
making the invoice
redundant.
Although
there are numerous variations of how ERS
specifically works, there are several
common
elements:
1. Pricing Information - A list
or catalogue of products and prices is sent by the
supplier
to its purchaser. The information has
an agreed upon
This pricing information may be
sent to the purchaser electronically, faxed, or in
a paper
form. In some cases, it becomes a part
of the written contract.
2. ProductsGoods
Ordered - A purchaser using the pricing
information sent by the
supplier places an
order. Usually a purchase order specifying
quantity, product type, price,
freight, tax,
etc. is generated. This purchase order may be sent
electronically (EDI), via fax,
or paper. This
purchase order has a unique number for the
specific order. Some
purchasers do not issue a
purchase order but rather place their goods order
pursuant to
the specific terms and conditions
of a contract. The specific contract number is
referenced.
The order may be placed via EDI,
fax, paper, or orally.
3. Advance
Shipping Notice (ASN) - A supplier acknowledges
the order by sending an
ASN to the purchaser.
The ASN is usually sent electronically to the
purchaser. In an EDI
environment, ANSI X12
TransactionData Set 856 (Ship NoticeManifest) is
used. Note
that transaction set 856 does not
contain pricing or tax information.
4.
GoodsProducts Shipped - The supplier ships the
goods with an itemized bill of lading
or
packing slip which references the purchase order
or contract number.
5. ValidationMatching
Process -The purchaser matches the goods receipt
(bill of lading,
packing slip) to the ASN,
purchase order, or contract to validate accuracy.
6. Payment Process - Instead of
responding to a supplier's invoice, the purchaser
calculates payment based on price information
stored in their computer. Price updates
may be
logged into the purchaser's computer either
manually or through EDI messages
sent by the
supplier. The type, quantity, and condition of the
goods received are entered
either manually
into the purchaser's computer or through the use
of bar codes. The
computer system calculates
the payment amount due by multiplying the unit
price times
the quantity received, accrual or
payment of tax, and also takes pricing terms into
account.
The goods receipt date is used as the
basis for taking discounts and determining the due
date of the payment. The payment is made
either by electronic funds transfer (EFT) or
check (3).
7. Electronic Invoice
Presentment and Payment (EIPP) (4) -
When EIPP
was first introduced a few years ago, it was
supplier-focused. However,
overtime, corporate
demand and the need for cost-cutting and more
efficient processing
has shifted the focus
from suppliers to buyers and the accounts payable
function.
Corporations seek improved,
consistent back-office processing and find that by
migrating
to EIPP, they are able to process
invoice volumes that were previously impossible
thanks
to the automation that EIPP offers.
This is particularly true for highly specialized
service
industries — such as legal and
petroleum. EIPP makes processing these complex and
lengthy invoices much simpler.
Many
firms have confessed that prior to implementing
EIPP they simply approved and
paid invoices,
as either the volume or complexity of the invoices
did not allow ample time
for analysis or
processing — even within 45 to 60 days. In other
cases, payment was up to
120 days late,
causing financial challenges for their suppliers.
Cash discounts were rarely,
if ever, taken in
the services industries.
EIPP has given
buyers the ability to pay only for authorized
purchases and services at
agreed-on prices.
Due to the incorporation of business rules into
the process, the EIPP
solutions
identify missing invoice data and return the
invoice to the supplier for completion
prior
to review. In some cases, the EIPP solutions
identify erroneously billed invoices and
items
by incorporating two- and three-way matching
capabilities (i.e., receipts, purchase
orders).
In the case of more service-
oriented industries, such as legal and petroleum,
invoices are
matched to contracts, matters or
field tickets as part of the approval process to
validate
the invoice. In 2003, a major
retailer’s legal department saved $$2 million in
legal bills alone
by identifying and not
paying erroneous expenses and invoices. Another
company found
that 3.2 percent of all its
invoices required expense adjustments and another
1.5 percent
had fee adjustments, resulting in
actual savings to the company. Two companies using
the Xign EIPP product have also seen better-
than-expected results. One large retailer
found that it achieved its EIPP FTE goals in
the first six months of implementation.
Evaluated Receipt Settlement (ERS) is a
procedure for the automatic settlement of goods
receipts. It was pioneered by General Motors
(GM) to save the company time and money
(1).
Major benefits of ERS include invoice variance
prevention (2), the elimination of
non-value-
added work (like tasks associated with
reconciliation), and opportunity cost of
capital savings (3).
When GM
pioneered the process in 1994, it processed
approximately 1.5 million
transactions per
month. ERS effectively eliminated the need for
paper invoices and
checks between the company
and its suppliers (3). In the years since then,
several
variations of the original GM
procedure have developed.
The ERS has
become a more and more widely used electronic data
interchange (EDI)
transaction since the legal
and accounting implications have been addresses.
Supply Chain Managers should become
familiar with the purpose and use of the ERS
transaction, in particular as a supplier, as
you may face a mandate from your customers to
utilize this technology.
What is it?
ERS is a business process between trading
partners that conduct commerce without
invoices. In an ERS transaction, the supplier
ships goods based upon an Advance
Shipping
Notice (ASN), and the purchaser, upon receipt,
confirms the existence of a
corresponding
purchase order or contract, verifies the identity
and quantity of the goods,
and then pays the
supplier.
How does it work?
A supplier and
its purchaser enter into an agreement to use
evaluated receipts settlement.
The supplier
keeps the purchaser current with pricesales
catalogue data from which the
purchaser
extracts accurate product and pricing information
during the purchasing cycle.
The supplier
delivers the ASN to the purchaser, permitting
loadingreceiving docks to be
properly
scheduled and accurate material receipts to be
generated. The purchaser
authorizes supplier
payment upon confirmation of arrival of goods,
making the invoice
redundant.
Although
there are numerous variations of how ERS
specifically works, there are several
common
elements:
1. Pricing Information - A list
or catalogue of products and prices is sent by the
supplier
to its purchaser. The information has
an agreed upon
This pricing information may be
sent to the purchaser electronically, faxed, or in
a paper
form. In some cases, it becomes a part
of the written contract.
2. ProductsGoods
Ordered - A purchaser using the pricing
information sent by the
supplier places an
order. Usually a purchase order specifying
quantity, product type, price,
freight, tax,
etc. is generated. This purchase order may be sent
electronically (EDI), via fax,
or paper. This
purchase order has a unique number for the
specific order. Some
purchasers do not issue a
purchase order but rather place their goods order
pursuant to
the specific terms and conditions
of a contract. The specific contract number is
referenced.
The order may be placed via EDI,
fax, paper, or orally.
3. Advance
Shipping Notice (ASN) - A supplier acknowledges
the order by sending an
ASN to the purchaser.
The ASN is usually sent electronically to the
purchaser. In an EDI
environment, ANSI X12
TransactionData Set 856 (Ship NoticeManifest) is
used. Note
that transaction set 856 does not
contain pricing or tax information.
4.
GoodsProducts Shipped - The supplier ships the
goods with an itemized bill of lading
or
packing slip which references the purchase order
or contract number.
5. ValidationMatching
Process -The purchaser matches the goods receipt
(bill of lading,
packing slip) to the ASN,
purchase order, or contract to validate accuracy.
6. Payment Process - Instead of
responding to a supplier's invoice, the purchaser
calculates payment based on price information
stored in their computer. Price updates
may be
logged into the purchaser's computer either
manually or through EDI messages
sent by the
supplier. The type, quantity, and condition of the
goods received are entered
either manually
into the purchaser's computer or through the use
of bar codes. The
computer system calculates
the payment amount due by multiplying the unit
price times
the quantity received, accrual or
payment of tax, and also takes pricing terms into
account.
The goods receipt date is used as the
basis for taking discounts and determining the due
date of the payment. The payment is made
either by electronic funds transfer (EFT) or
check (3).
7. Electronic Invoice
Presentment and Payment (EIPP) (4) -
When EIPP
was first introduced a few years ago, it was
supplier-focused. However,
overtime, corporate
demand and the need for cost-cutting and more
efficient processing
has shifted the focus
from suppliers to buyers and the accounts payable
function.
Corporations seek improved,
consistent back-office processing and find that by
migrating
to EIPP, they are able to process
invoice volumes that were previously impossible
thanks
to the automation that EIPP offers.
This is particularly true for highly specialized
service
industries — such as legal and
petroleum. EIPP makes processing these complex and
lengthy invoices much simpler.
Many
firms have confessed that prior to implementing
EIPP they simply approved and
paid invoices,
as either the volume or complexity of the invoices
did not allow ample time
for analysis or
processing — even within 45 to 60 days. In other
cases, payment was up to
120 days late,
causing financial challenges for their suppliers.
Cash discounts were rarely,
if ever, taken in
the services industries.
EIPP has given
buyers the ability to pay only for authorized
purchases and services at
agreed-on prices.
Due to the incorporation of business rules into
the process, the EIPP
solutions
identify missing invoice data and return the
invoice to the supplier for completion
prior
to review. In some cases, the EIPP solutions
identify erroneously billed invoices and
items
by incorporating two- and three-way matching
capabilities (i.e., receipts, purchase
orders).
In the case of more service-
oriented industries, such as legal and petroleum,
invoices are
matched to contracts, matters or
field tickets as part of the approval process to
validate
the invoice. In 2003, a major
retailer’s legal department saved $$2 million in
legal bills alone
by identifying and not
paying erroneous expenses and invoices. Another
company found
that 3.2 percent of all its
invoices required expense adjustments and another
1.5 percent
had fee adjustments, resulting in
actual savings to the company. Two companies using
the Xign EIPP product have also seen better-
than-expected results. One large retailer
found that it achieved its EIPP FTE goals in
the first six months of implementation.