上海骨干教师自主招生高中英语应试辅导第6讲 阅读理解
泰国易三仓-北京最美的乡村
第 六 讲：阅读理解 复旦 2020
An expert
suggested that certain criminals should be sent to
prison in
their own home. When the scheme was
first put forward publicly, many people
opposed it or hand serious reservations about
it. One very experienced social
worker opposed
the scheme in a television interview. When asked
to explain
the basis for his opposition, he
thought for a moment and finally confessed,
‘Well, I guess, because it’s new. That’s my
only reason.’
Advocates of the scheme pointed
out that courts frequently sentenced
first
offenders to community service of some kind rather
than send them to
prison. The stigma of having
a criminal record was an adequate deterrent,
and nothing positive was achieved by sending
some types of convicted people
to prison.
Some critics rushed to take extreme cases. ‘If
a murderer is allowed free
in the community
like this, what is to prevent him from killing
somebody
else?’ This argument ignored the fact
that nobody proposed to allow
convicted
murderers to use the bracelet system. One
criticism put forward
was that an offender
could take off his bracelet and leave it at home
or give
it to a friend to wear while he
himself wet off to commit another crime. The
reply to this was that the bracelet would be
made so that the computer would
immediately
detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with
it.
A more serious objection to the scheme was
that the harsh life of prison
was intended to
be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who
was allowed
to live at home would suffer no
particular discomfort and thus not be deterred
from repeating his crime.
No immediate
action was taken on the proposal. It was far too
revolutionary and needed to be examined
very carefully. However, the idea
was not
rejected. Several governments appointed experts to
investigate the
scheme and make
recommendations for or against it.
49．People’s opinions are divided on the
suggestion that
A．some criminals should
serve their terms at home
B．social workers can
express themselves on TV
C. first offenders
should be sentenced to community service
D.
old offenders should be imprisoned
50．A social
worker opposed the proposal for the reason that
A．it is unique
is out-of-date
51．We
can learn from the passage that the “bracelet” is
supposed to
.
A. keep the track of the
offenders
B. detect the offender’s attempt of
murder
C. be worn for decoration
D. be
worn by offenders’ friends occasionally
52．The
supporters of the scheme will probably agree that
______.
A．the hard life of prison may prevent
some people from repeating a crime
B．the life
at home is too comfortable for the prisoners
C．high-technology should be deterrent to crime
D．imprisonment will not achieve much to some
offenders
53．The prospect of the advice is
that _______.
A．it will be put into practice
immediately
B．it will be declined by the
government
C．it will be further carefully
looked into
B．it is creative C．it is novel
.
D．it
.
D．it will be
confirmed by appointed experts
Dr Adams
was tired and suffering from jet lag. His temper
was not improved
when he was told, on arriving
more than three hours late at New Delhi, that
his plane to Colombo had already gone and that
there would not be another
until the next day.
The airline staff were very sympathetic and
assured him
that they had already booked him
into the best hotel in the city, to which
the
airline bus would take him straight away. In the
meantime. They hoped
that Dr Adams would take
the opportunity of seeing something of their
historic
city.
The only things Dr Adams
felt he needed at that point were a bath, a change
of clothes, a good breakfast and then a long
sleep. The hotel was luxurious
and very cool
and comfortable. After he had eaten he pulled down
the blinds
to shut out5 the glaring Indian sun
and then slept for most of the day. About
6.30
p.m. he dr4essed and went down to the hotel bar,
where he got into
conversation with another
delegate to the Conference who came from Zambia
and who would be traveling with him on the
Colombo plane the next morning.
They decided
to dine together and explore some of the sights
and sounds of
India at night.
The journey
to Colombo was completed without mishap and Dr
Adams and his
companion were met at the
airport by the Conference Secretary, Mr. Mahaveli,
who had been informed of their impending
arrival by the airline. Mr. Mahaveli
took them
to their hotel, where many other delegates were
already installed,
and made sure that they had
the program for the opening session.
On the
morning of the second day of the Conference, Dr
Adams read his paper,
which was received with
much interest. He was asked many questions by
delegates in whose countries many of the
problems he had discussed were
commonly
found. During the five days of the Conference he
had opportunities
to talk to agriculture
experts from Jamaica, Kenya, Tanzania, India,
Gambia,
Australia and Nigeria and he also met
some old friends who had previously
been
students at the Commonwealth School. He heard from
many of them how they
were putting all that
they had learned to good use and of the problems
they
were trying to overcome in their own
countries.
On his flight home Dr Adams could
not help reflecting that the Conference
had
proved how valuable the sharing of information and
experiences could be,
as an example of true
cooperation between the develope3d and the
developing
world.
54．Which of the
following statements of is NOT true of Dr. Adams?
________.
A．He was angry about his late
arrival at New Delhi.
B．He was due to arrive
in New Delhi late at night.
C．After dinner, he
went out into the streets of New Delhi.
D．He
found long journeys exhausting and tiresome.
55．All the delegates to the conference were
_______.
A．students of the Commonwealth School
B．from the developing countries
C．from African
countries D．agricultural
specialists
56．The phrase “without mishap” in
Paragraph 3 most probably means
“_______”.
A．on the safe side
B．importance of conferences
C．sage and sound
D．at ease
57．The last paragraph of the passage
was mainly concerned with ________.
A．Dr.
Adams’ opinion of the conference B．importance
of conferences
C．an example of a major
operation D．Dr. Adam’s belief in
friendship
58．The passage mainly
tells the reader that __________.
A．Dr. Adams
was a keen sightseer B．Dr. Adams was a
well-read expert
C．Dr. Adams had a meaningful
trip D．developing countries needed
experts of all kinds
复旦 2020
Sarah Alexander celebrated the start of
her last year at Wells College
the way many
other seniors before her have. She ran across the
picturesque
campus to the shores of Cayuga
Lake, where she jumped into the water.
So did
many of her fellow seniors. But dozens of students
decided to stay
away, especially the
relatively few newly arrived male students.
Wells College, which since 1868 had educated
only women, began accepting
men this year in
hopes of bolstering its dwindling enrollment. For
many
students and alumnae, it was a crushing
decision. After the college announced
last
October that it would go coeducational, about half
of the students
protested and two filed a
lawsuit, which they later dropped.
The
students ---- 33 men and 383 women ---- came to
campus late last month.
Both sexes are now
trying to navigate the new social landscape. Mr.
Phillips
said “You can’t do guy stuff. Every
time you want to sit and watch sports
or a
game, it turns into a movie.” The women were
“somewhat nasty” I could
see the dirty looks
in their eyes.” He said, “But I was not going to
let
that stop me from comings.”
Wells was
a place where women did not have to fuss over
their appearance
or fight to be taken
seriously by their professor. They could enjoy the
camaraderie of their campus sisters and their
playful traditions. Besides
jumping into the
lake, the women dance around the maypole each May
and kiss
the feet of the statue of
Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, before
exams.
Ms. Alexander said,”People told us we
wouldn’t notice a difference,
but from the
moment men arrived on campus you could notice a
difference. Women
are waking up early to put
on makeup, and that’s odd, “she said.
Henry
Wells, a founder of Wells Fargo and a friend of
Cornell’s
benefactor, Ezra Cornell established
this college, when women were not
considered
capable of higher learning. “Give her the
opportunity,” he
wrote.
The news that the
college would go coed created ripples far beyond
campus.
One alumna wrote a letter to the
college’s president, Lisa Marsh Ryerson,
saying the founder would haunt her. “I believe
Henry Wells would have haunted
me if I let
Wells College close,” said Ms. Marsh Ryerson, a
Wells alumna
herself.
The great-great-
great-great granddaughter of Henry Wells,
Stephanie
Redmond, 18, of Washington State,
said that earlier this year a Wells student
had tracked her down and asked her to support
the protest. But Ms. Redmond
said the move to
admit men had encouraged her to enroll at Wells
this year
as a freshman. She plans on a career
in engineering, a male-dominated field,
and
said attending an all-women’s college might have
put her at a
disadvantage.
49. The
primary reason for the Wells College to accept men
is that _______.
A. its enrollment rare is in
decline
B. the campus is lack of vigor and
vitality
C. it will face the destiny of being
closed down
D. all-women’s college might put a
woman at a disadvantage
50. A typical behavior
for seniors to do is that ______.
A. they jog
along the picturesque campus
B. they
switch sports programs to a movie
C. they
celebrate their fourth year by jumping into a lake
D. they swim in Cayuga Lake accompanied by
friends
51. The change after turning into a
coed college is that ______.
A. dirty looks in
women’s eyes have disappeared
B. women get up
early to make up
C. women are waking up early
to study
D. women dance with men around the
maypole
52. The attitude of the author is that
______.
A. she hates a tradition of all-women
schools
B. she calls on women in support of
the protest
C. she dislikes the change and
hopes to file a lawsuit
D. she objectively
describes the new and uneasy coeducation
53.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The enrollment of male students caused
controversy
B. The grandchildren of the
college founder benefited most.
C. The current
president of the college was also its graduate.
D. The founder hoped to give women
opportunities of higher education.
But
what is teacher quality? How can one measure it
reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of
data from a Texas school district.
Experts
argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness
should be measured by
students’ gains on
standardized tests: Mr. Smith is presumably a
better
teacher than Ms. Brown if his students
consistently improve their test scores
more
than hers do.
Though this approach is
appealing, there are tricky issues. For example,
what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where
students score so high there is
little room
for improvement?
The authors try to
correct for this problem, as well as other sorts
of
measurement issues, to generate a
measurement of teacher effectiveness. The
paper is primarily concerned with how this
measure is related to other
observable
characteristics.
The first finding is that
there is a large variation in teacher
effectiveness: some teachers consistently have
a larger impact on their
students’ achievement
than others.
Second, easily observable
characteristics like having a master’s degree
or a passing score on the teacher
certification exam are not correlated with
teacher effectiveness.
Then what does
matter? The most important single influence is
experience:
first-year teachers are much less
effective than others. The second year is
significantly better, and by the fourth year,
most teachers hit their stride.
It is not
entirely clear whether this experience effect is
learning by doing
(the more you teach, the
more effective you become) or survival of the
fittest
(those who are not good at teaching
tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of
the paper, both effects appear important and there
is no simple answer. The data do suggest,
however, that teacher effectiveness
is pretty
clear by the end of the second year, so the
information to make
an informed decision is
available at that time.
The authors also
investigate the contentious issue of racial
matching
of students and teachers. Here they
find strong evidence that minority
teachers
tend to be more effective with minority students.
Again, it is
unclear whether this is because
of a role model effect (students respond
better to a teacher of their own race) or an
empathy effect (teachers
empathize better with
students of their own race) or something else
entirely.
The authors also look at teacher
mobility. There is some evidence that
teachers
who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be
below average in
effectiveness. This is
consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
54. The schoolmaster could decide wisely
whether to further employ the
teacher by the
end of the ______.
A. the first year B. the
second year
D. the fourth year C. the third
year
55. The phrase “hit their stride” most
probably means “______”.
A. reach their normal
level
C. walk with long steps
B. become confident
D. get bored
56. The author of this passage holds the view
that ______.
A. teachers will perform better
with time passing
B. ineffective teachers
should leave earlier rather than later
C.
teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple
of years
D. a master’s degree will improve
teacher’s effectiveness
57. Why do black
teachers tend to be more effective with black
students?
A. Students fell secure, so they
respond better.
B. Teachers sympathize with
students of their own race.
C. There are
entirely some other identified reasons.
D. The
reasons are far from clear and definite.
58.
Which of the following may serve as the best
title?
A. Tenure, Turnover and the Quality of
Teaching
B. Impact of Teacher Quality on
Student Learning
C. Different Sorts of
Measurement Issues
D. Survival-of-the-fittest
Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model
复旦 2020
If all goes according to plan, the
entire North American continent will
become a
free trade zone devoid of tariffs, quotas, and
other trade barriers
some time during the
1990s. This plan is the result of recent
agreements and
discussions involving the
United States and Canada on the one hand and the
United States and Mexico on the other.
Canada. Canada and the United States are
already each other's largest trading
partners.
In 1956, for example, the U.S. accounted for 71
percent of Canadian
merchandise trade(exports
plus imports); Canada accounted for 19 percent of
U.S. trade. In 1988, a historic document was
signed, the Canada-United States
Free-Trade
Agreement.
In many respects, this event seems
a natural consequence of long-standing
friendship, common economic interests, and
geographic proximity.
Nevertheless, it took
more than a century to reach agreement. In the mid
1800s,
after Great Britain repealed the Corn
Laws, Canada proposed bilateral free
trade
with the United States, and a limited treaty
covering natural products
only was signed.
However, it was abrogated during the Civil War by
the United
States because of close Canadian-
British ties and British support for the
Confederacy. After more than a century of
fluctuating sentiments on the issue,
the 1988
agreement finally eliminates all bilateral tariffs
(in stages to
be completed by 1998) and all
quantitative trade restrictions. The agreement,
it was thought, would particularly boost trade
in agricultural products
(fruits, vegetables,
poultry), mining products (coal and oil), and
services
(banking, computer, insurance,
professional and telecommunications services,
plus retail and wholesale wade). Both
countries expected net gains between
$$ 1 and 3
billion per year.
Mexico. Mexico is the third
largest U.S. trading partner, accounting for 5
percent of U.S. exports plus imports (Canada
and Japan account for 19 percent
each);
the U.S. accounts for two-thirds of Mexico's
foreign trade.
In 1987, the United States-
Mexico Framework Understanding put in place the
first procedures ever for consultations
regarding trade and investment
relations
between these two countries. The mechanism was set
up to resolve
disputes and to negotiate the
removal of trade barriers as supplement to GATT.
In early 1991, genuine free trade discussions
were set in motion and soon
joined by Canada.
The goal was the creation of a hemispheric free
trade zone
reaching from the Yukon to the
Yucatan and encompassing a market of 360
million people.
Analysts foresaw major
gains associated with increased specialization and
trade. They also predicted major adjustment
costs in the United States where
low-skill
jobs would be lost to thousands of low-wage
assembly plants now
clustered along the U.S.-
Mexican border, while high-skill jobs ranging from
architecture to engineering and
telecommunications would get a noticeable
export boost. Another likely consequence is
that the future rise in real wages
south of
the border would slow the flow of illegal aliens
into the United
States.
49. The main
idea of this passage is that ( )
A. the
new North American free trade zone will likely
have many benefits for
the countries involved
B. the United States has made great
contributions to the establishment of
free
trade zones
C. a North American free trade
zone will give the United States significant
advantages in its trade with Japan
D. free
trade zones will prevent illegal immigrants from
entering the United
States
50. The
details given in the underlined sentences in
Paragraph 2 ( )
A. emphasize the
important role the United States played in the
world trade
B. provide evidence supporting a
tentative conclusion
C. illustrate how a free
trade zone has worked in the past
D. add
believability to the statement that Canada and the
United States are
important trading partners.
51. The author's likely purpose in this
passage is to ( )
A. convince B.
evaluate C. argue for something D.
criticize
52. As used in line 5 Paragraph 3,
the word abrogated means ( ) .
A.
abolished B. abridged C. ignited suddenly
D. ended formally
General Electric
has found robots far more productive in some work
than
human work. In one case, a robot saved
enough to pay for itself in ten months.
At
Ford Motor Company, about fifty small robots are
deftly fitting light bulbs
into dashboards and
speakers into car radios.
The next phase of
the computer revolution may well turn out to be
the robot
revolution. Robots have been
fixtures in comedy and science fiction for a
long time, but the first industrial robot
wasn't used in the United States
until 1961.
Industrial robots scarcely resemble the
stereotyped humanoid
with flashing eyes and a
control-panel chest. They're basically just
combinations of a computer with very deft and
efficient producing machines.
What's really
new, of course, is the extent to which these
electronic wonders
are transforming the way
people work and the composition of the work force,
especially in Japan. There are about 36.000
robots working in Japan and
approximately
6,500 in the United States. In early 1982, Raymond
Donovan,
U.S. Secretary of Labor, predicted
that by 1990 half the workers in U.S.
factories would be specialists trained
to service and repair robots.
It's easy to see
why these
their human counterparts. They cause
fewer personnel problems: they're never
absent, and they never ask for more holidays,
take vacations, or file
grievances. They also
give more consistent attention to quality control,
are
more efficient and effective performers,
and are definitely cheaper to keep.
Robots,
which cost about $$30,000 to $$150,000 each, usually
work two shifts
a day. The displaced workers
would draw salaries and benefits of about
$$790,000 a year. However, robots still cannot
replace all facets of the human
worker. The
automated factory is feasible, but when it comes
to reason and
informed decisions, robots are
still in the same league with machines, at
least for now.
53. The details given
in the underlined sentences in Paragraph 2 (
)
A. illustrate the technical superiority of
Japanese technology over American
technology
B. show the growth in acceptance of robot
workers worldwide
C. demonstrate the need to
catch up with Japanese technology
D. warn
against the possibility that robot workers will
displace human
workers
54. In line 3
Paragraph 1, the word deftly means ( ) .
A. clumsily B. swiftly C. expensively
D. skillfully
55. The writer of this passage
probably ( )
A. sees a role for both
robot and human factory workers
B. wants to
see more robots employed in factories
C. feels
threatened by robots
D. believes robots make
manufacturing much easier
第 六 讲：阅读理解 复旦 2020
An expert
suggested that certain criminals should be sent to
prison in
their own home. When the scheme was
first put forward publicly, many people
opposed it or hand serious reservations about
it. One very experienced social
worker opposed
the scheme in a television interview. When asked
to explain
the basis for his opposition, he
thought for a moment and finally confessed,
‘Well, I guess, because it’s new. That’s my
only reason.’
Advocates of the scheme pointed
out that courts frequently sentenced
first
offenders to community service of some kind rather
than send them to
prison. The stigma of having
a criminal record was an adequate deterrent,
and nothing positive was achieved by sending
some types of convicted people
to prison.
Some critics rushed to take extreme cases. ‘If
a murderer is allowed free
in the community
like this, what is to prevent him from killing
somebody
else?’ This argument ignored the fact
that nobody proposed to allow
convicted
murderers to use the bracelet system. One
criticism put forward
was that an offender
could take off his bracelet and leave it at home
or give
it to a friend to wear while he
himself wet off to commit another crime. The
reply to this was that the bracelet would be
made so that the computer would
immediately
detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with
it.
A more serious objection to the scheme was
that the harsh life of prison
was intended to
be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who
was allowed
to live at home would suffer no
particular discomfort and thus not be deterred
from repeating his crime.
No immediate
action was taken on the proposal. It was far too
revolutionary and needed to be examined
very carefully. However, the idea
was not
rejected. Several governments appointed experts to
investigate the
scheme and make
recommendations for or against it.
49．People’s opinions are divided on the
suggestion that
A．some criminals should
serve their terms at home
B．social workers can
express themselves on TV
C. first offenders
should be sentenced to community service
D.
old offenders should be imprisoned
50．A social
worker opposed the proposal for the reason that
A．it is unique
is out-of-date
51．We
can learn from the passage that the “bracelet” is
supposed to
.
A. keep the track of the
offenders
B. detect the offender’s attempt of
murder
C. be worn for decoration
D. be
worn by offenders’ friends occasionally
52．The
supporters of the scheme will probably agree that
______.
A．the hard life of prison may prevent
some people from repeating a crime
B．the life
at home is too comfortable for the prisoners
C．high-technology should be deterrent to crime
D．imprisonment will not achieve much to some
offenders
53．The prospect of the advice is
that _______.
A．it will be put into practice
immediately
B．it will be declined by the
government
C．it will be further carefully
looked into
B．it is creative C．it is novel
.
D．it
.
D．it will be
confirmed by appointed experts
Dr Adams
was tired and suffering from jet lag. His temper
was not improved
when he was told, on arriving
more than three hours late at New Delhi, that
his plane to Colombo had already gone and that
there would not be another
until the next day.
The airline staff were very sympathetic and
assured him
that they had already booked him
into the best hotel in the city, to which
the
airline bus would take him straight away. In the
meantime. They hoped
that Dr Adams would take
the opportunity of seeing something of their
historic
city.
The only things Dr Adams
felt he needed at that point were a bath, a change
of clothes, a good breakfast and then a long
sleep. The hotel was luxurious
and very cool
and comfortable. After he had eaten he pulled down
the blinds
to shut out5 the glaring Indian sun
and then slept for most of the day. About
6.30
p.m. he dr4essed and went down to the hotel bar,
where he got into
conversation with another
delegate to the Conference who came from Zambia
and who would be traveling with him on the
Colombo plane the next morning.
They decided
to dine together and explore some of the sights
and sounds of
India at night.
The journey
to Colombo was completed without mishap and Dr
Adams and his
companion were met at the
airport by the Conference Secretary, Mr. Mahaveli,
who had been informed of their impending
arrival by the airline. Mr. Mahaveli
took them
to their hotel, where many other delegates were
already installed,
and made sure that they had
the program for the opening session.
On the
morning of the second day of the Conference, Dr
Adams read his paper,
which was received with
much interest. He was asked many questions by
delegates in whose countries many of the
problems he had discussed were
commonly
found. During the five days of the Conference he
had opportunities
to talk to agriculture
experts from Jamaica, Kenya, Tanzania, India,
Gambia,
Australia and Nigeria and he also met
some old friends who had previously
been
students at the Commonwealth School. He heard from
many of them how they
were putting all that
they had learned to good use and of the problems
they
were trying to overcome in their own
countries.
On his flight home Dr Adams could
not help reflecting that the Conference
had
proved how valuable the sharing of information and
experiences could be,
as an example of true
cooperation between the develope3d and the
developing
world.
54．Which of the
following statements of is NOT true of Dr. Adams?
________.
A．He was angry about his late
arrival at New Delhi.
B．He was due to arrive
in New Delhi late at night.
C．After dinner, he
went out into the streets of New Delhi.
D．He
found long journeys exhausting and tiresome.
55．All the delegates to the conference were
_______.
A．students of the Commonwealth School
B．from the developing countries
C．from African
countries D．agricultural
specialists
56．The phrase “without mishap” in
Paragraph 3 most probably means
“_______”.
A．on the safe side
B．importance of conferences
C．sage and sound
D．at ease
57．The last paragraph of the passage
was mainly concerned with ________.
A．Dr.
Adams’ opinion of the conference B．importance
of conferences
C．an example of a major
operation D．Dr. Adam’s belief in
friendship
58．The passage mainly
tells the reader that __________.
A．Dr. Adams
was a keen sightseer B．Dr. Adams was a
well-read expert
C．Dr. Adams had a meaningful
trip D．developing countries needed
experts of all kinds
复旦 2020
Sarah Alexander celebrated the start of
her last year at Wells College
the way many
other seniors before her have. She ran across the
picturesque
campus to the shores of Cayuga
Lake, where she jumped into the water.
So did
many of her fellow seniors. But dozens of students
decided to stay
away, especially the
relatively few newly arrived male students.
Wells College, which since 1868 had educated
only women, began accepting
men this year in
hopes of bolstering its dwindling enrollment. For
many
students and alumnae, it was a crushing
decision. After the college announced
last
October that it would go coeducational, about half
of the students
protested and two filed a
lawsuit, which they later dropped.
The
students ---- 33 men and 383 women ---- came to
campus late last month.
Both sexes are now
trying to navigate the new social landscape. Mr.
Phillips
said “You can’t do guy stuff. Every
time you want to sit and watch sports
or a
game, it turns into a movie.” The women were
“somewhat nasty” I could
see the dirty looks
in their eyes.” He said, “But I was not going to
let
that stop me from comings.”
Wells was
a place where women did not have to fuss over
their appearance
or fight to be taken
seriously by their professor. They could enjoy the
camaraderie of their campus sisters and their
playful traditions. Besides
jumping into the
lake, the women dance around the maypole each May
and kiss
the feet of the statue of
Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, before
exams.
Ms. Alexander said,”People told us we
wouldn’t notice a difference,
but from the
moment men arrived on campus you could notice a
difference. Women
are waking up early to put
on makeup, and that’s odd, “she said.
Henry
Wells, a founder of Wells Fargo and a friend of
Cornell’s
benefactor, Ezra Cornell established
this college, when women were not
considered
capable of higher learning. “Give her the
opportunity,” he
wrote.
The news that the
college would go coed created ripples far beyond
campus.
One alumna wrote a letter to the
college’s president, Lisa Marsh Ryerson,
saying the founder would haunt her. “I believe
Henry Wells would have haunted
me if I let
Wells College close,” said Ms. Marsh Ryerson, a
Wells alumna
herself.
The great-great-
great-great granddaughter of Henry Wells,
Stephanie
Redmond, 18, of Washington State,
said that earlier this year a Wells student
had tracked her down and asked her to support
the protest. But Ms. Redmond
said the move to
admit men had encouraged her to enroll at Wells
this year
as a freshman. She plans on a career
in engineering, a male-dominated field,
and
said attending an all-women’s college might have
put her at a
disadvantage.
49. The
primary reason for the Wells College to accept men
is that _______.
A. its enrollment rare is in
decline
B. the campus is lack of vigor and
vitality
C. it will face the destiny of being
closed down
D. all-women’s college might put a
woman at a disadvantage
50. A typical behavior
for seniors to do is that ______.
A. they jog
along the picturesque campus
B. they
switch sports programs to a movie
C. they
celebrate their fourth year by jumping into a lake
D. they swim in Cayuga Lake accompanied by
friends
51. The change after turning into a
coed college is that ______.
A. dirty looks in
women’s eyes have disappeared
B. women get up
early to make up
C. women are waking up early
to study
D. women dance with men around the
maypole
52. The attitude of the author is that
______.
A. she hates a tradition of all-women
schools
B. she calls on women in support of
the protest
C. she dislikes the change and
hopes to file a lawsuit
D. she objectively
describes the new and uneasy coeducation
53.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The enrollment of male students caused
controversy
B. The grandchildren of the
college founder benefited most.
C. The current
president of the college was also its graduate.
D. The founder hoped to give women
opportunities of higher education.
But
what is teacher quality? How can one measure it
reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of
data from a Texas school district.
Experts
argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness
should be measured by
students’ gains on
standardized tests: Mr. Smith is presumably a
better
teacher than Ms. Brown if his students
consistently improve their test scores
more
than hers do.
Though this approach is
appealing, there are tricky issues. For example,
what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where
students score so high there is
little room
for improvement?
The authors try to
correct for this problem, as well as other sorts
of
measurement issues, to generate a
measurement of teacher effectiveness. The
paper is primarily concerned with how this
measure is related to other
observable
characteristics.
The first finding is that
there is a large variation in teacher
effectiveness: some teachers consistently have
a larger impact on their
students’ achievement
than others.
Second, easily observable
characteristics like having a master’s degree
or a passing score on the teacher
certification exam are not correlated with
teacher effectiveness.
Then what does
matter? The most important single influence is
experience:
first-year teachers are much less
effective than others. The second year is
significantly better, and by the fourth year,
most teachers hit their stride.
It is not
entirely clear whether this experience effect is
learning by doing
(the more you teach, the
more effective you become) or survival of the
fittest
(those who are not good at teaching
tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of
the paper, both effects appear important and there
is no simple answer. The data do suggest,
however, that teacher effectiveness
is pretty
clear by the end of the second year, so the
information to make
an informed decision is
available at that time.
The authors also
investigate the contentious issue of racial
matching
of students and teachers. Here they
find strong evidence that minority
teachers
tend to be more effective with minority students.
Again, it is
unclear whether this is because
of a role model effect (students respond
better to a teacher of their own race) or an
empathy effect (teachers
empathize better with
students of their own race) or something else
entirely.
The authors also look at teacher
mobility. There is some evidence that
teachers
who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be
below average in
effectiveness. This is
consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
54. The schoolmaster could decide wisely
whether to further employ the
teacher by the
end of the ______.
A. the first year B. the
second year
D. the fourth year C. the third
year
55. The phrase “hit their stride” most
probably means “______”.
A. reach their normal
level
C. walk with long steps
B. become confident
D. get bored
56. The author of this passage holds the view
that ______.
A. teachers will perform better
with time passing
B. ineffective teachers
should leave earlier rather than later
C.
teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple
of years
D. a master’s degree will improve
teacher’s effectiveness
57. Why do black
teachers tend to be more effective with black
students?
A. Students fell secure, so they
respond better.
B. Teachers sympathize with
students of their own race.
C. There are
entirely some other identified reasons.
D. The
reasons are far from clear and definite.
58.
Which of the following may serve as the best
title?
A. Tenure, Turnover and the Quality of
Teaching
B. Impact of Teacher Quality on
Student Learning
C. Different Sorts of
Measurement Issues
D. Survival-of-the-fittest
Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model
复旦 2020
If all goes according to plan, the
entire North American continent will
become a
free trade zone devoid of tariffs, quotas, and
other trade barriers
some time during the
1990s. This plan is the result of recent
agreements and
discussions involving the
United States and Canada on the one hand and the
United States and Mexico on the other.
Canada. Canada and the United States are
already each other's largest trading
partners.
In 1956, for example, the U.S. accounted for 71
percent of Canadian
merchandise trade(exports
plus imports); Canada accounted for 19 percent of
U.S. trade. In 1988, a historic document was
signed, the Canada-United States
Free-Trade
Agreement.
In many respects, this event seems
a natural consequence of long-standing
friendship, common economic interests, and
geographic proximity.
Nevertheless, it took
more than a century to reach agreement. In the mid
1800s,
after Great Britain repealed the Corn
Laws, Canada proposed bilateral free
trade
with the United States, and a limited treaty
covering natural products
only was signed.
However, it was abrogated during the Civil War by
the United
States because of close Canadian-
British ties and British support for the
Confederacy. After more than a century of
fluctuating sentiments on the issue,
the 1988
agreement finally eliminates all bilateral tariffs
(in stages to
be completed by 1998) and all
quantitative trade restrictions. The agreement,
it was thought, would particularly boost trade
in agricultural products
(fruits, vegetables,
poultry), mining products (coal and oil), and
services
(banking, computer, insurance,
professional and telecommunications services,
plus retail and wholesale wade). Both
countries expected net gains between
$$ 1 and 3
billion per year.
Mexico. Mexico is the third
largest U.S. trading partner, accounting for 5
percent of U.S. exports plus imports (Canada
and Japan account for 19 percent
each);
the U.S. accounts for two-thirds of Mexico's
foreign trade.
In 1987, the United States-
Mexico Framework Understanding put in place the
first procedures ever for consultations
regarding trade and investment
relations
between these two countries. The mechanism was set
up to resolve
disputes and to negotiate the
removal of trade barriers as supplement to GATT.
In early 1991, genuine free trade discussions
were set in motion and soon
joined by Canada.
The goal was the creation of a hemispheric free
trade zone
reaching from the Yukon to the
Yucatan and encompassing a market of 360
million people.
Analysts foresaw major
gains associated with increased specialization and
trade. They also predicted major adjustment
costs in the United States where
low-skill
jobs would be lost to thousands of low-wage
assembly plants now
clustered along the U.S.-
Mexican border, while high-skill jobs ranging from
architecture to engineering and
telecommunications would get a noticeable
export boost. Another likely consequence is
that the future rise in real wages
south of
the border would slow the flow of illegal aliens
into the United
States.
49. The main
idea of this passage is that ( )
A. the
new North American free trade zone will likely
have many benefits for
the countries involved
B. the United States has made great
contributions to the establishment of
free
trade zones
C. a North American free trade
zone will give the United States significant
advantages in its trade with Japan
D. free
trade zones will prevent illegal immigrants from
entering the United
States
50. The
details given in the underlined sentences in
Paragraph 2 ( )
A. emphasize the
important role the United States played in the
world trade
B. provide evidence supporting a
tentative conclusion
C. illustrate how a free
trade zone has worked in the past
D. add
believability to the statement that Canada and the
United States are
important trading partners.
51. The author's likely purpose in this
passage is to ( )
A. convince B.
evaluate C. argue for something D.
criticize
52. As used in line 5 Paragraph 3,
the word abrogated means ( ) .
A.
abolished B. abridged C. ignited suddenly
D. ended formally
General Electric
has found robots far more productive in some work
than
human work. In one case, a robot saved
enough to pay for itself in ten months.
At
Ford Motor Company, about fifty small robots are
deftly fitting light bulbs
into dashboards and
speakers into car radios.
The next phase of
the computer revolution may well turn out to be
the robot
revolution. Robots have been
fixtures in comedy and science fiction for a
long time, but the first industrial robot
wasn't used in the United States
until 1961.
Industrial robots scarcely resemble the
stereotyped humanoid
with flashing eyes and a
control-panel chest. They're basically just
combinations of a computer with very deft and
efficient producing machines.
What's really
new, of course, is the extent to which these
electronic wonders
are transforming the way
people work and the composition of the work force,
especially in Japan. There are about 36.000
robots working in Japan and
approximately
6,500 in the United States. In early 1982, Raymond
Donovan,
U.S. Secretary of Labor, predicted
that by 1990 half the workers in U.S.
factories would be specialists trained
to service and repair robots.
It's easy to see
why these
their human counterparts. They cause
fewer personnel problems: they're never
absent, and they never ask for more holidays,
take vacations, or file
grievances. They also
give more consistent attention to quality control,
are
more efficient and effective performers,
and are definitely cheaper to keep.
Robots,
which cost about $$30,000 to $$150,000 each, usually
work two shifts
a day. The displaced workers
would draw salaries and benefits of about
$$790,000 a year. However, robots still cannot
replace all facets of the human
worker. The
automated factory is feasible, but when it comes
to reason and
informed decisions, robots are
still in the same league with machines, at
least for now.
53. The details given
in the underlined sentences in Paragraph 2 (
)
A. illustrate the technical superiority of
Japanese technology over American
technology
B. show the growth in acceptance of robot
workers worldwide
C. demonstrate the need to
catch up with Japanese technology
D. warn
against the possibility that robot workers will
displace human
workers
54. In line 3
Paragraph 1, the word deftly means ( ) .
A. clumsily B. swiftly C. expensively
D. skillfully
55. The writer of this passage
probably ( )
A. sees a role for both
robot and human factory workers
B. wants to
see more robots employed in factories
C. feels
threatened by robots
D. believes robots make
manufacturing much easier