2005考研英语命题预测试卷(六)及答案(1)
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Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following the best word(s) for each numbered
blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points )
Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and
reproduce the same life 1 common to all animals. In a biological
laboratory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same.
However, biological understanding is not enough:2 itself, it can
never tell us what human beings are. 3 to our physical equipment—the
naked human body—we are not an 4 animal. We are tropical creatures,
5 hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither
claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but
have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely
physical 6, our species seems a poor 7 for survival.
But we have survived—survived and multiplied and 8 the earth. Some
day we will have a 9 living on the moon, a place with neither air
nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can
we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. 10
its limitations, our physical equipment has some important 11. We
have excellent vision and hands that can 12 objects with a precision
unmatched by any other 13. Most importantly, we have a large brain
with an almost 14 number of neural 15.
We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to
our survival and success. If we live in the Arctic, we supply the
warmth our tropical bodies need 16 clothing, shelter, and 17 heat.
If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural
food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and 18
deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabitants
of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food and oxygen and
then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities.
With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations.
It was not always 19. Our distant ancestors were just animals,
faced with the limits of their physical equipment. They had no 20
and lacked the physical capacity to use it.
1ue010Aue010processesBue010actsCue010modesDue010procedures
2ue010Aue010OnBue010WithCue010ForDue010By
3ue010Aue010StrippedBue010ParedCue010PeeledDue010Removed
4ue010Aue010intelligentBue010impressiveCue010influentialDue010incentive
5ue010Aue010barelyBue010hardlyCue010nearlyDue010scarcely
6ue010Aue010meaningBue010judgementCue010perspectiveDue010sense
7ue010Aue010betBue010chanceCue010factDue010luck
8ue010Aue010filledBue010loadedCue010stuffedDue010scattered
9ue010Aue010residenceBue010colonyCue010homeDue010empire
10ue010Aue010Apart fromBue010With regard to
Cue010With the exception ofDue010In spite of
11ue010Aue010abilitiesBue010potentialsCue010capabilitiesDue010possibilities
12ue010Aue010maneuverBue010manageCue010manipulateDue010manufacture
13ue010Aue010animalBue010animalsCue010creaturesDue010creature
14ue010Aue010infiniteBue010unknownCue010boundlessDue010ceaseless
15ue010Aue010connectionsBue010relationsCue010activitiesDue010accesses
16ue010Aue010forBue010
toCue010withDue010by
17ue010Aue010artificialBue010fakeCue010unrealDue010unauthentic
18ue010Aue010add upBue010break upCue010make upDue010cut up
19ue010Aue010thisBue010thusCue010henceDue010that
20ue010Aue010intellectBue010equipmentCue010competenceDue010culture
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
text by choosing A, B, C or Due010 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
1ue010(40 points)
Text 1
Legends about King Arthur have existed since the 6th
s of the man and his doings have grown far beyond
anything that could be regarded as factual history. Here are some of
the highlights.
Arthur was born as a result of the wizardry of Merlin, who
arranged all adulterous liaison between Arthur’s father,King Uther
Pendragon,and his lover, a married duchess. Merlin agreed to do this
only if the lovers allowed him to bring up the child born of the
affair. When Uther Pendragon died some years was
confusion in the kingdom about who should inherit the throne. Merlin
arranged a pageant where many knights came to try their luck at
pulling a sword out of a stone. Whoever successfully extracted the
blade was the rightful king. After many a brave knight had tried and
failed,Merlin presented the young Arthur who, to everyone’s
surprise, easily pulled out the sword.
As king,Arthur established the knightly fellowship of the Round
table at his castle of Camelot, So appear all the other chivalrous
knights associated with the king. The knights of the Round Table
spent much of their time on the quest for the Holy Grail .The Grail
is the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, which was allegedly
brought to Britain,then somehow lost. It is notoriously hard to get
hold of ,as finding it requires an almost superhuman degree of moral
purity. At last it was the true gentleman Sir Galahad who eventually
found it and set off to return it to its rightful place in the Holy
Land.
Arthur’s death is a matter of some debate. According to legend,
one of Arthur’s less intelligent moves was his decision to marry the
Lady Guinevere, who fell in love with Sir Lancelot,and their
adultery Led to war among the knights of the Round Table,
culminating in the Battle of Camlan and Arthur’ s mortal word. After
the Battle of Camlan the wounded king was taken to the mysterious
isle of Avalon ruled by his sinister Morgan Le Faye. She ,being
skilled in the arts of witchcraft and healing, was apparently meant
to cure him. But evidently Arthur thought he had little chance,
because he gave his sword, Excalibur, to Sir Bedivere to return to
the Lady of the Lake,an enigmatic character from whom Arthur had
originally received the re hurled the sword over the
water,where a spooky hand appeared from the lake to catch it,waved
it around for a while and then carried it down to the murky depths
where,who knows, perhaps it still lies. As for Arthur, we can only
conclude that his sister wasn’t su
ch a good doctor.
passage is mainly about
A. a brief history of King Arthur.
B. the story of the Round Table Knights.
C. a legendary life of King Arthur.
D. the death of King Arthur.
22. Arthur became the king because
was the old king’s only son.
was supported by many brave knights.
was the strongest man in the kingdom.
pulled the sword from the stone.
23. found the Holy Grail and returned it to the Holy Land.
Arthur B .The most morally respectable knight
Lancelot D .The Round Table knights
24. Arthur’s sword, Excalibur, was returned to
queen.
B. the person who gave it to him.
C. Merlin,his adopted father.
D. his sister.
died because
A. his sister couldn’t heal his mortal wound.
B. his sister refused to cure him.
didn’t want to live any longer.
lost his Excalibur.
Text 2
In another sign that Hispanics will dominate California’s future,
a university study has found the ethnic group accounted for nearly
half of all births in the state by the end of the last
ic mothers had 247,796 of the 521,265 children born in
California in 1998, or 47.5 percent, according to the University of
California, Los Angeles study released in December 2001.
Nonue011Hispanic Whites had 33.9 percent, followed by Asians and Pacific
Islanders with 10.7 percent. Blacks represented 6.8 percent of
births and American Indians a halfue011percent of all births.
California’s future economic health depends upon those Hispanics,
who soon will be the majority of young adults and hence the working
force, says David Hayesue011Bautista, director of the Center for the
Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA.
The study, based on state health department statistics, confirms
the ethnic shift that made 2001 the year California officially lost
its White majority. The U.S. Census showed that Hispanics made up
nearly a third while nonue011Hispanic Whites slipped to less than half
of the state’s total population of 33.9 million. California’s
experience is part of a “sea change” in the United States, where 23
states already have Hispanics as their largest ethnic minority. Dr.
Harry Pachon says, “Hispanics are becoming more prominent in
everything from movies to politics, and that is good for the state.
If there was no penetration of social and political institutions,
then you would have an isolated minority and that’s a recipe for
social unrest. On the other hand, by the third generation one of
every two Hispanics have married outside of their ethnic group.
There’s a Latinization of America but there’s also an
Americanization of Latinos. By third generation, a lot of them are
losing their Spanish, they prefer American NFL to soccer.”
Overall, nearly 65 percent of all Hispanic mothers were
immigrants, ranking them second to Asian and Pacific Islanders at
more than 84 percent. The babies tend to grow up healthy as well.
Studies have shown tha
t at virtually all stages of life, Hispanics,
at least in California, Arizona and Texas, tended to suffer fewer
major health problems, such as heart attacks, cancer and strokes,
than other ethnic groups, Hayes Bautista noted. Only about 15
percent of Hispanic mothers were 19 years old or younger. By
comparison nearly 17 percent of Blacks and 19 percent of American
Indians were teen agers. Nonue011Hispanic Whites had a figure of nearly
7 percent.
26. Hispanic mothers had of the babies born in California in 1998.
A. 50%B. 47.5%C. 33.9%D. 10.7%
27. David Hayes Bautista believes that .
A. Hispanics will become the backbone of future Californian
economy
B. the white culture will dominate California’s future
C. the state government should keep control on the population
growth
D. the population distribution should be somehow reue011arranged
28. According to the text,we can infer thatoccupies the largest
percentage of the population.
A. HispanicsB. nonue011Hispantc whites
C. BlacksD. American Indians
29. Which of the following statements is Dr. Harry Pachon most
likely to agree with?
A. It’s good that Hispanics are more involved in politics.
B. Social unrest is more likely to occur when one ethnic group
becomes overpowering.
C. Hispanics are more likely to marry within their own ethnic
group.
D. Latinization of America is taking place faster than the
Americanization of Latinos.
30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The percentage of immigrant Hispanic mothers is the highest
among all ethnic groups.
B. Hispanic babies all over the United States are typically
healthier than other babies.
C. Nonue011Hispanic White mothers are the least likely to be
teenagers.
D. Nearly 19 percent of Blacks were teenagers.
Text 3
To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and
modernized the domain of higher education from the midue0111860’s to the
midue0111800’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half
dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was
needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more
advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of
nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that
overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive “Young Yale”
movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal
spirit, and a broader course of graduates of Harvard
College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college’s poverty and
demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards
in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the
West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public
duty.
The oldue011style classical education received its most crushing blow
in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young
captain of thirtyue011five, son of a former treasure of Harvard, led the
progressive forces. Five revolutionary advan
ces were made during the
first years of Dr. Eliot’s administration. They were the elevation
and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the
curriculum and the development of the elective system, the
recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of
professional training in law, medicine, and the fostering of greater
maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply
advanced in 1872~1873 and 1876~1877. By the appointment of a dean to
take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline,
the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young
gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after
another was opened up: science, music, the history of the fine arts,
advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology,
and international law.
of the following is the author’s main purpose in writing
the passage?
present the history of Harvard College and compare it with
that of Yale University.
criticize the conditions of the U.S. universities in the 19th
century.
describe innovations in the U.S. higher education in the
latter 1800’s.
introduce what was happening in major U. S. universities
before the turn of the century.
ing to the passage, the educational changes were the
result of
developed by conservative and church leaders.
s of interested individuals to redefine the educational
system.
demands of social organization seeking financial relief.
s held by westerners wanting to compete with eastern
schools.
the change, Harvard
short of financial aid.
d a narrower range of subjects.
not strict with its students.
of the above.
the passage, which of the following can be inferred about
Harvard College before progressive changes occurred?
ion standards were lower.
ts were younger.
s ended earlier.
s were more practical.
of the following is NOT included in Dr. Eliot’s reform
program?
ification of the courses offered.
ion of the admissions standards.
ement of the enrollment.
ed professional training in some field.
Text 4
The ocean bottomue011a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total
land area of the Earth— is a vast frontier that even today is
largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the
deepue011ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters
averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and
subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the
Earth’s surface, the deepue011ocean bottom is a hostile environment to
humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer
space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deepue011ocean rocks and
sediments for over a century, the first detailed global
investigation of the ocean bottom did not actual
ly start until 1969,
with the beginning of the National Science Foundation’s Deep Sea
Drilling Project(DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the
offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’ s drill ship, the Glomar
Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s
surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of
sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15ue011year research
program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel
logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of
seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world.
The Glomar Challenger’s core samples have allowed geologists to
reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of
years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions
of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence
gathered during the Glomar Challenger’ voyages, nearly all earth
scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental
drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the
Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also
yielded information critical to understanding the world’s past
climates. Deepue011ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching
back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely
isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and
biological activity that rapidly destroy much landue011based evidence of
past climates. This record has already provided insights into the
patterns and causes of past climatic change…information that may be
used to predict future climates.
author refers to the ocean bottom as a “frontier”in line 2
because it .
A. is not a popular area for scientific research
B. contains a wide variety of life forms
C. attracts courageous explorers
D. is an unknown territory
author mentions outer space because .
A. the Earth’s climate millions of years ago was similar to
conditions in outer space
B. it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human
environment
C. rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on
the ocean floor
D. techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were
similar to those used in ocean exploration
of the following is true of the Clomar Challenger?
A. It is a type of submarine.
B. It is an ongoing project.
C. It has gone on over 100 voyages.
D. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.
DSDP was significant because it was.
A. an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas
B. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom
C. composed of geologists from all over the world
D. funded entirely by the gas and oil industry
of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being
a result of the Deep sea Drilling Project?
A. Geologists were able to determine the Earth’s appearance
hundred
s of millions of years ago.
B. Two geological theories became more widely accepted by
scientists.
C. Information was revealed about the Earth’s past climatic
changes.
D. Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.