高级英语第二册部分修辞

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Lesson1
1 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor
2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence
3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile
4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the
storm from their spectacular vantage point --transferred epithet
5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti
over the roads-metaphor, simile

Lesson3
1. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.
---mixed-metaphor or metaphor
3. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.
----metaphor
4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor
5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphor
The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that
they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor
6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor
8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so
ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽
9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not
delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile
10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ----
11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. ----
12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. ----
13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not
delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile
14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy
15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends
of the earth.—simile
16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in
conversation.—alliteration
17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the
phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphor
Lesson4
1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co- operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do,
for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis
2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up
inside.—metaphor
3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)


4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进
5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your
country.—antithesis, regression回环
6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a
beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism
7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration
8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden,
meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
----–parallelism; alliteration
9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co- operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do,
for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句
10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------
11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----
12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
-----antithesis
13. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition
14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor
15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.
-----antithesis
let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
-----metaphor
17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all
who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor
18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor
With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelism
Lesson5
1 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,
unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor
2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry,
pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,
hyperbole
3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis
4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody
5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to
Petey.==understatement
6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe
somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor
Lesson7
1. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic
activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene
so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a
macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis


2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations
so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis
2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every
house in sight. ----transferred epithet
3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole;
double negatives (双否)
4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg
yards,and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby.
----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives
5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement
6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have
perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter
snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-— ridicule (讽刺)
7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.
----inversion (倒装)
8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury
themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor
what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)
10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世
间). ---- hyperbole
11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm
12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping
through the streaks.—metaphor
13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or
caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor
14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony
15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas,
and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称:专有名词指代一般名词) or
allusion
16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the
ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony
17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony
18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor
19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.
20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette
----personification
21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor
22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile
23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) would no doubt offend them. ----
antonomasia (换称:专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion
24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.
----metaphor


25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the
ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony
26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind.
----synecdoche (提喻)
27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of
Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they
live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm
28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---irony
Lesson10
1 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and
curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a
speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in
amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the
flask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ and the ―drug-store
cowboy‖.—transferred epithet
2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not
openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had
reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial
walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering
oceans.—metaphor
3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young
people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in
which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor
4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social
structure, and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their
inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and
America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor
5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the
United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to
many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by
the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign
flags.—metonymy
6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naiveté destroyed by the war and now,in
sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume
the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that
their fighting had‖ made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor
7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed
against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where
living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old
world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art,love,and
sensation.—metonymy synecdoche
8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and
dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real
disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the
toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor
9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better
things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,
there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖ they do things
better.‖—personification ,metonymy, synecdoche

Lesson12


1 When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been
knocked out from under him, suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of
Switzerland.—metaphor
2 Therein that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a
typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had
spent so many years in flight.—metaphor
3 Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished, I must say, from my‖ place‖—in the
extraordinary drama which is America, I was released from the illusion that I hated
America.—metaphor
4 It is not meant, of course, to imply that it happens to them all, for Europe can be very crippling
too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish
in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor
5 Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them off by
now to know that they are as real—and as persistent—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile
In this endeavor to wed the vision of the
statesman, who is our strongest arm.—metaphor



Lesson1
1 We can batten down and ride it out.-- metaphor
2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence
3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile
4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the
storm from their spectacular vantage point-- transferred epithet
5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti
over the roads-metaphor, simile

Lesson3
1. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.
---mixed-metaphor or metaphor
3. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.
----metaphor
4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor
5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphor
The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that
they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor
6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor
8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so
ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽
9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not
delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile
10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ----
11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. ----
12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. ----
13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not
delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile
14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy
15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends
of the earth.—simile
16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in
conversation.—alliteration
17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the
phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphor
Lesson4
1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co- operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do,
for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis
2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up
inside.—metaphor
3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)


4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进
5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your
country.—antithesis, regression回环
6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a
beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism
7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration
8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden,
meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
----–parallelism; alliteration
9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co- operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do,
for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句
10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------
11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----
12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
-----antithesis
13. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition
14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor
15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.
-----antithesis
let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
-----metaphor
17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all
who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor
18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor
With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelism
Lesson5
1 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,
unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor
2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry,
pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,
hyperbole
3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis
4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody
5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to
Petey.==understatement
6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe
somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor
Lesson7
1. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic
activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene
so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a
macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis


2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations
so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis
2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every
house in sight. ----transferred epithet
3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole;
double negatives (双否)
4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg
yards,and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby.
----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives
5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement
6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have
perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter
snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-— ridicule (讽刺)
7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.
----inversion (倒装)
8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury
themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor
what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)
10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世
间). ---- hyperbole
11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm
12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping
through the streaks.—metaphor
13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or
caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor
14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony
15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas,
and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称:专有名词指代一般名词) or
allusion
16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the
ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony
17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony
18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor
19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.
20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette
----personification
21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor
22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile
23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) would no doubt offend them. ----
antonomasia (换称:专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion
24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.
----metaphor


25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the
ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony
26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind.
----synecdoche (提喻)
27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of
Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they
live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm
28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---irony
Lesson10
1 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and
curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a
speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in
amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the
flask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ and the ―drug-store
cowboy‖.—transferred epithet
2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not
openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had
reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial
walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering
oceans.—metaphor
3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young
people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in
which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor
4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social
structure, and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their
inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and
America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor
5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the
United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to
many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by
the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign
flags.—metonymy
6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naiveté destroyed by the war and now,in
sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume
the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that
their fighting had‖ made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor
7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed
against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where
living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old
world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art,love,and
sensation.—metonymy synecdoche
8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and
dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real
disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the
toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor
9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better
things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,
there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖ they do things
better.‖—personification ,metonymy, synecdoche

Lesson12


1 When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been
knocked out from under him, suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of
Switzerland.—metaphor
2 Therein that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a
typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had
spent so many years in flight.—metaphor
3 Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished, I must say, from my‖ place‖—in the
extraordinary drama which is America, I was released from the illusion that I hated
America.—metaphor
4 It is not meant, of course, to imply that it happens to them all, for Europe can be very crippling
too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish
in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor
5 Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them off by
now to know that they are as real—and as persistent—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile
In this endeavor to wed the vision of the
statesman, who is our strongest arm.—metaphor


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