10年英语专业考研测试题
巡山小妖精
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2020年07月30日 23:44
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附件英语-挑挑拣拣
(1) Directions: There are fifteen incomplete sentences with one word or two words missing in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence。
1. People should not take good constitution for granted, for human genetic code is ______ the development of ______。
A. liable to... anomalies
B. predestined for... discomfort
C. predisposed to... disease
D. indicative of... wholesomeness
2. Nobody came to see me while I was out, _______ ?
A. did they B. didn’t they C. did she D. did me
3. Aged just four, Josephine Hawkins is already at ease with her computer and the Internet, _______ clicking her mouse on Disney sites to download images of her favorite characters。
A. confidentially B. confidently C. appreciatively D. conscientiously
4. He never hesitates to make _______ criticisms _______ are considered helpful to others。
A. so …that B. so …as C. such… that D. such…as
5. The policy ______ made, the next problem was how to carry it out。
A. having been B. being C. had been D. was
6. Susan is a devoted daughter, always very _______ to the needs of her old parents。
A. attentive B. observant C. recurrent D. earnest
7. Overall, it is going to become much easier for people to communicate ______the Net。
A. by B. in C. over D. onto
8. The hidden room is _____only through a secret back entrance。
A. obtainable B. achievable C. attainable D. accessible
was so ______by his work that he did not notice that other employees had already left。
A. prevailed B. predominated C. prescribed D. preoccupied
10. Please ______ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them。
A. restrain B. hinder C. restrict D. prohibit
11. When the crowd saw the prize-fighter stretched out on the canvas, shouts and cheers _______ from it。
A. broke up B. broke forth C. broke through D. broke upon
12. When a friend hurts you, your instinct is to protect yourself but that makes it harder to______ up problems。
A. tackle B. patch C. handle D. dispose
13. It is bad manners to _______ other people behind their backs。
A. do up B. do by C. do away with D. do down
14. That _____ the case, we have to make some changes in our plan。
A. is B. was C. being D. has been
in, who worked out his theory of relativity, lived to a _____ old age。
A. ripe B.
rancis Galton---one of the pioneers of intelligence tests-was also a founding member of the Eugenics Society in the UK. The belief that intelligence is biologically determined in the make-up of the brain, and therefore to some extent genetically determined, is widely accepted. But a number of researchers over the years have used this idea to advocate social change. Using intelligence as one of their factors, Hernstein and Murray’s controversial book, The Bell Curve(1994) argued that differences in IQ scored between racial groups reflect innate biological differences。
The Bell Curve is a graph that plots the range of IQ scores of an average population. However, it can be interpreted in many ways, and when the intelligence of the whole human race is in question, the stakes are high. Critics argue that the way intelligence is measured contains a high level of random variation and therefore it’s impossible to generalize it all into one graph. However, belief in the Bell Curve and in the genetic, rather than social, basis for intelligence has unfortunately led to the propagation of many racist ideas. Evidence to suggest social factors are important in ‘ intelligence’ is strong. The US military tested recruits to assign rank and found that black applicants scored lower than whites. However, analysis of the recruits were found to be due to educational differences; black recruits scored very low until the 1950s, when an increase in score corresponded to improved educational standards for all。
In spring 1998, Robert Plomin claimed to have discovered a gene linked with intelligence. More recently, the Human Genome Project is cautious when approaching areas implying racial differences since research actually shows greater genetic differences within races than between races. However, not all individuals are endowed with the same intelligence and many believe this must have something to do with our genes and the way they interact with the environment. Identical twins are more likely to obtain the same score in an IQ test than twins from two separate eggs that have a different genetic make up。
It is important to remember that genes work by interacting with the environment, so social factors will also influence intelligence. Intelligence tests may be more of an assessment of social factors, such as your educational background. Black children adopted into white middle class families score significantly higher on average than those in working class families-implying a cultural slant to tests. It is impossible to devise questions without some cultural of gender bias; boys tend to do better in spatial tests whereas are believed to have influenced improved IQ scores across the board. Good nutrition means an individual is able to function well both physically and mentally. Although many believe this plays a role in intelligence, it is very difficult to assess。
What is the text mainly about?
A. The book of Th
e Bell Curve
B. Factors that determine or influence intelligence
C. IQ intelligence tests
D. Racial difference and racialism
2. According to paragraph 1, it is widely believed that ________ 。
A. the human race would be control through different ways of upbringing。
B. intelligence is closely related to genes in some degree。
C. biological differences contribute a lot to different IQ scores between races。
D. eugenics employ IQ tests to promote eugenics。
3. The graph in the book of Bell Curve _______。
A. introduce genetic factors as well as social ones in intelligence
B. is criticized by critics as unscientific and incomprehensive
C. is obviously meant to advocate racist ideas
D. strong evidence used by US military in analyzing recruits
4. Which of the following is untrue according to the text?
A. Racists employ the idea of genetic determination in intelligence to propagate racialism。
B. According to the US military analysis, differences in IQ tests scores are caused by genetic factors。
C. Blacks may be more genetically different between themselves than compared with whites。
D. It is believed by many people that intelligence is related to our genes and their interaction with social factors。
5. According to the author, intelligence tests ________ 。
A. can always be impartial
B. evaluate more of the genetic influence rather than social factors
C. may be designed with cultural or gender bias
D. reflect that good nutrition influences intelligence。
Passage Two
Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere ----- for example, in the relative proportions of atmospheric gases ----- the climate would probably changed also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance , would increase the heat ------ retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth’s surface。
The level of carbon dioxide, CO2 , in the atmosphere has an important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earth’s incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as long-wavelength radiation, which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2 whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430℃. If the CO2 content of the atmosp
here is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3℃。
If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased. A warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2 would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2 . Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperature would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature in creases and decreases of a set magnitude。
Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature increase of at least 1℃.But a supposed global temperature rise of 1℃ may in reality be only several regional temperature increases restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas for example the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations。
6. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?
Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the climate so inaccurate?
What are the steps in the process that takes place as CO2 absorbs long-wavelength radiation?
How might our understanding of the green house effect be improved if the burning of fossil fuels were decreased?
D. What might cause a series of regular increases and decreases in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?
7. The author is primarily concerned with
A. explaining the effects that the burning of fossil fuels might have on climate
B. illustrating the effects of CO2 on atmospheric radiation
C. discussing effects that changes in the CO2 level in the atmosphere might have on climate
D. challenging hypotheses about the effects of water vapor and CO2 on climate
8. The passage suggests that a large decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere would result in
A. at least a slight decrease in global temperatures
B. at the most a slight increase in short-wavelength radiation reaching the Earth
C. a slight long-term increase in global temperatures
D. a large long-term increase in the amount
非反对看月亮，只是说即使不看也没有什么关系罢了。
Ⅵ. Writing (20 points)
Directions: In this part you should write a composition of no less than 300 words
Language, Literature and life
答案
Ⅰ Vocabulary
(1). Directions: There are fifteen incomplete sentences with one word or two words missing in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence。(30 points)
1.【A】 2.【A】 3. 【B】 4.【D】5.【A】 6.【A】 7.【C】8.【D】 9. 【D】 10.【A】 11.【B】
12. 【B】
13. 【D】 14.【C】 15. 【A】 16.【C】17. 【B】 18. 【A】
19. 【D】 20. 【A】 21 【B】
22. 【A】23. 【D】
24.【B】 25. 【B】26. 【A】 27. 【D】 28. 【D】 29. 【C】 30. 【C】
(2)Directions: There are ten sentences in this part with one word or phrase underlined in each sentence. From the four choices given, choose one that best explains or defines the underlined part in each sentence。
1. 【C】 2. 【D】 3. 【C】4. 【A】5. 【D】
Ⅱ. Identify errors in the following sentences and correct them。
(1) raise应改为raising。
(2) besides改成but。
(3) “in world”应改为“in the world”。
(4)both之前加of 。
(5) “should bring”改为“should have brought”
(6) which改为as
(7) “much though”不合语法习惯，应改为“much as”
(8) while改为though。
(9)把本题改为I forgot about doing it。
(10)把“isn’t this”改为 “isn’t it”。
Ⅲ Cloze Test
1.【C】 2.【A】3.【B】 4. 【D】 5. 【C】 6. 【C】 7.【D】 8.【A】 9. 【A】 10【B】 11【A】 12【C】 13【B】 14【D】 15【C】 16【A】 17【B】 18【C】19. 【D】 20.【D】
Ⅳ. Read the following four passages and answer the questions after each passage. (20%， 2 points for each question)
Passage one
【B】
【B】
【C】
Passage 2
【D】
【C】
【A】
【D】
【D】
【C】
【D】
Passage Three
13. 【A】
14.【C】
15.【C】
16 【D】
17 【D】
Ⅴ.Translation
1. Two Chinese-English Translation (30 points)
Translate the following passages into Chinese. Give the number of each passage in your answer sheet。
Passage 1
【参考译文】
我们的时代越来越视像化。视像化时代颇受人们关注，然而听觉方面的变化却相对被忽视。视像占据着强势地位。让任何一个小孩对上个世纪做一个总结，他的脑海中都会立刻浮现出爱因斯坦的发型、希特勒的胡子、蘑菇云和登月
。虽然，我们无法否认一个事实：这些画面中的每一时刻都和听觉相关——从广岛的原子弹爆炸声到斐济人断断续续的狂吼，再到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的“人类的一大步”。
Passage 2
【参考译文】
与此同时，溢满金黄和绯红的酒杯，满上又空了，空了再满上。渐渐地，灵魂赖以安身的胸椎处，有什么东西点燃了，不是我们称之为才华的那种微细的电光，它只能在我们的口舌间吞吐，而是一种更为深刻、微妙的潜在，是心智交流激发的灼热火焰。不必太急切。不必太张扬。无须装腔作势，自由自在就好。
2. Translate the following passages into English。
【参考译文】
People from Peiping often wonder why Shanghailanders should choose to live in such a lousy place. They say life here is so full of tension, the air so foul, and trees so scarce, and so on and so forth. I wonder if the apparent loss of moonlight might as well be listed among their reasons for staying away from this city. But I would think otherwise, for it doesn’t make sense to call enjoyment of moonlight one of the requisites of life. Open heart and wide vision do not necessarily come of watching the moon. The same can be achieved in self-cultivation, and that in a more practical way, by looking earthward instead of skyward. Nevertheless, I’m not opposed to watching the moon. I only mean it doesn’t matter at all if you see no moon。
Ⅵ.Writing
【参考范文】
Language, Literature and Life
No one in the world is luckier than I am, for I am a student of English language and literature. With this privilege, I am able to enjoy the beauty of language, wander in the world of literature, and have a deep understanding of life. The great influence they have exerted on me, in turn, helps me get a close and clear comprehension about the relationship among them。
First things first, I can not imagine what the human life would be without language. It is a design figure which distinguishes men from animals, promoting the development of human history and creating the modern civilization. Suppose we went back to the prehistoric age, in which no language was available, the basic communication would become a big problem, let alone talking about the creation of literature or the record of human history. Life, in this period, is just to survive or repeat the simple life circle, which is meaningless and have no difference from that of other creatures. In this sense, no language , no life, no civilization。
Secondly, just as language has left significant influence on the human history, so do the literature. Bible, Shakespeare and works of Greek and Roman, the three sources of language, have greatly enriched our language, enlightened our mind and dramatically changed our life. The Adam’s apple, Pandora’s box and tit for tat,
the language in Bible; the famous characters Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Julia in Shakespeare’s masterpieces the legend of Helen and Achilles Heel in Greek’s works , all of them are familiar to us as the pulsation in our blood. Therefore, if there were no literature, our language would have been much poorer and our life more colorless and boring。
Also, life has provided fertile soil for the language and literature. On one hand, with the advance of society, new terms and idioms have entered our language, such as computer, avian flu, terrorist, long time no see, as rich as Bill Gates, SAS, HINI . By absorbing everything new, language can always be able to keep its pace with the time. On the other hand, life is an exhaustible magic box for literature creation. Fiction, poem, essay, prose or drama, all can be viewed as a recreation of real life in this way or another. Just as an American writer put it:“All literature is a kind of reflection of life , a mirror of life。”How can one deny that the purely invented man, Hamlet, is not as vivid as Napoleon or Barack Obama. Once language and literature have lost its ability to accept new things in life, they would have become a pool of still water. Only constant moving can keep their freshness and vitality。
It is never too exaggerate to emphasis the close connections among the three. The benefit of language and literature to life is what necessary nutrition is to human beings. Life, in return, contributes a lot to prepare rich and colorful materials for language and literature. As for me, by learning language and literature, I have learnt much more of the logic of life and enjoy my life in the process of appreciating beauty。