新视野大学英语第二册课堂笔记6
澳门的大学排名-北京理工大学分数线
unit 6
Ⅰ.
Background Information
Names
For this
reading passage, we have many proper names, which
contain cultural
background. The following web
sites might offer you a lot of information you may
be interested in. The web site, http:, is
considered
to be the best for accessing
specific information on each of the names listed(
or any
other English language names) by the
Society of Kabalarians of Canada, a society
devoted to the pursuit of personal wellness.
Kabalarians use the Mathematical
Principle to
analyze names. You can also take a look at
http:, a web site devoted to the etymology
and history of
first names. You can look up
almost 9,000 names, or research a name not listed.
It is
a great encyclopedic site about language
origins, elements of names, meanings,
namesakes and many other subtopics, all of
which are based on historical linguistic
information.
Ⅱ. Structure Analysis
Para. 1: Debbie does not feel good about her
name.
Para. 2: Her change of name helped
bring success
to her
career.
Para. 3: It is important to have
the right name
because it
suggests certain qualities.
Para. 4: Names
are attached to specific images.
Para. 5:
Names with a positive sense can work for
people, even encourage new acquaintances.
Para. 6: People are sometimes guilty of name
stereotyping in relation to
names.
Para. 7: Prejudices against or in
favor of certain
names can
affect students’ classroom
achievements, objectively graded IQ and
popularity with their peers.
Para. 8: If
you think your name does not suit you,
you can change your old name.
Ⅲ. New
words
t: ( adj ) (1) 高雅的，优雅的
[短语]
elegant in her mannersher speech 举止言谈优雅
(2)
(物品) 优美的 精致的
eg. an elegant room 雅致的房间 an
elegant piece of furniture 一件
精致的家具
(3)
(主意) 有条理的 简单的
an elegant scientific proof
一篇简洁的科学论据
ation ( n.) of ,to, for 应用; 运用, 使用
申请 请求 申请书
eg. I wrote 5
applications for jobs but got nothing.
我写了五份求职申请书,可是都没有消息
eg. The
application of new scientific discoveries to
industrial production
methods usually makes
jobs easier to do.
把科学的新发明应用于工业生产上，往往使工作更容易进行。
[派生词} apply (v.) for, to 申请 应用, 使用
applied ( adj. ) (尤指科学) 应用的
applicable (
adj.) (1) 适用的
This rule is not applicable to
foreigners.
这项规定不适用于外国人。
(2) 生效的
The
new law is applicable from next Monday.
新法律于下周一生效。
applicant：（n)
（为工作，学位，入场卷等以书面作正式申请之)申请
人,请求者
tute (v.)
(1) 以 代替， 取代， 代替
eg. We substituted red
balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice.
我们用红色球代替蓝色球，观察婴儿是否注意到改变。
They don't like
potatoes, so we substituted rice.
他们不喜欢马玲薯，所以我们用米代替。
He substituted for the
worker who was ill.
他代替生病的工人。
(n.) for
(2)代替者，代理人，代用品
eg. There is no substitute for
good and exercise.
没有什么能够代替充足的食物和运动。
4
naturally: (adv.) （1）生来，天然地
eg. Her cheeks are
naturally red.
她的两颊生来就是红的。
(2)自然地，不做作地
Speak naturally when talking on the telephone.
在电话中讲话要自然。
(3)可预期地 自然地
The new safety
laws naturally led to higher car prices.
ence:
(n.) 信任; 自信 私事，秘密
eg. Jean lacks confidence
in herself.
琴对自己没有自信。
The 2 girls told
each other confidences about their boy friends.
[短语] in confidence :私下，秘密地
take (someone)
into one's confidence: 向某人吐露心事
[相关词] confident
adj. 确信的，有自信的 be confident of: 对 有自信
confidential adj 机密的，秘密的 视为心腹的 信任他人的
: (n.) 天才，才能 有才干的人，人才
[近义词] talent,
gift, faculty, aptitude, bent, genius, knack
gift: 它常暗指上帝，自然或命运的偏爱。
faculty:
它指要取得某一特定成就或职能所必须具有的先天或后天获
取的能力。
aptitude:
它指对某项活动天然的喜爱和先天具备的能力。
bent:
它与aptitude意思基本相同，更强调喜好。
talent:
它指一种需要继续开发的显著的天然能力。
genius:
它指给人印象深刻的天生的创造能力，常指使有这种能力的人
去实现其目的的内在动力。
knack: 它暗指一种相对次要的特殊能力，使人做起事来轻巧而灵敏。
7.
definition: (n.) 界定，限定 定义; 清晰
eg. Your new
radio certainly hasgives good definition.
你的新收音机的确清晰。
[派生词] define: 下定义 立界限 阐释
definite: 明确的 清楚的 一定的
definitely: 明确地 无疑地
definitive: 确切的 一定的 不可置疑的 决定性的
[同义词]
explicit, express, specific, definite
explicit:
它指语言严实清楚，因而不需要推论，也没有理由摸棱两可或
在理解上有困难。
express: 它指清楚，直接而有力的表达。
specific:
它指被精确和完全提及的或被细致或特意处理过的东西。
definite:
它强调精确，清楚的陈述或安排，没有任何不清楚或不能被
确定的事。
conclusive, decisive, determinative,
definitive
conclusive: 它用于结束辩论或质疑的推理或逻辑论据。
decisive: 它用于结束论战，争论或任何不确定性的东西。
determinative: 它多出了给出一个确定性的特征，过程或方向的含义。
definitive: 它用于提出来作为最终或永久的东西。
teristic:
(adj.) 典型的，有特性的
(n. )of 典型；特性
eg. A useful characteristic of the cat is its
ability to catch and kill mice.
[形近词]
character: 特色，个性
characterization:
刻画，描绘， 勾勒
al: ( n) 赞成，同意;批准，认可
approve:
v 赞成，批准
eg. The father expressed approval of
what the son did,
父亲对儿子的所作所为表示赞许。
on
approval: 包退包换
nod one's approval = nod in
approval 点头表示同意
e: (vt ) 保留，预定，登记
eg.
These seats are reserved for old and sick people.
这些座位是留给老人和病人的。
(n) 拘谨，矜持，储备量
eg. lose
one's reserve in talking. 说着说着变得随和起来
reserve of manner 举止的拘谨
y: ( v) 取得资格，限制，修饰
eg. Being the son of a member of parliament
doesn't qualify him to talk
about politics.
他虽身为国会议员的儿子，却不够资格谈论政治。
[派生词] qualified:
adj 有限度的， 有条件的
有资格的，合格的 for
qualification: n
赋予资格，限制，条件，执照 s for
qualitative:
adj. 性质上的，质量上的，定性的
quality: n
品质，特性，才能
ent: ( adj.) 重要的，杰出的，著名的
突出的，凸起的
eg. people prominent in science.
科学界的知名人士。
eg. his nose is too prominent.
他的鼻子太高了。
prominence. ( n.) 著名，杰出
bring sth
into prominence= come into prominence 著名，杰出
eg. this young artist is coming into
prominence.
这位年轻艺术家正崭露头角。
:( vt.)
1.使文雅，使高尚
2.提炼，精练
eg. refine
one's language 使某人的语言更为文雅
oil is
industrially refined 燃料油是经工业提炼而成的。
[派生词] 1.
refined: 提炼过的，有教养的，感情脆弱的
a refined way of
speaking 优雅的谈吐
refined tastes 高尚的情趣
ment:
提炼，文雅，精巧的附件
eg. the new car has many added
refinements such as a radio.
这新车有许多精巧的附件，如收音机。
r: n. 提炼者，提炼机
ry: n. 提炼厂，精炼厂，提炼设备
[短语]
refine onupon （尤指在细节上）改进（方法，计划）
14.
acquaintance: ( n.) 相识的人，了解
eg. I have ansome
acquaintance with the language.
我略懂这门语言。
[短语] make sb's acquaintancemake the
acquaintance of sb 认识，了解
tive: ( adj.)
动人的，富有吸引力的
漂亮的
eg. the idea
is very attractive. 那个主意很吸引人。
[派生词] attract:
(v.) 吸引，招引
attraction: (n.) 吸引，诱惑物
type: ( vt.) 对 形成固定看法
eg. it's wrong to
stereotype people, as if they were all alike.
把人定型，看他们个个都一样是错误的。
(n.) 固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框
eg. she rejects the stereotype that women can
only find their true
satisfaction in being
mothers.
他拒绝接受这种陈词滥调，既女人只有在做母亲时才能感到真正的
满足。
17confess: ( v.) 承认，坦白
eg. I'm rather
bored, I must confess. 我不得不承认我很烦。
[派生词]
confessed: 公认的，自己承认的，公开的
confession: 招供，认错
confessional: 告解室，
告解
confessor 听人告解的神父
: (v.)
贴标签于，把 称为
eg. They labeled the boy a thief.
他们把这个男孩叫小偷。
eg. The doctor labeled the bottle
poisonous.
医生在瓶子上贴了“有毒”的标签。
n. 称号，标签
eg. This city merits its label as the garden
of the world.
这座城市配得上世界花园的称号。
Ⅳ. PHRASES:
out:= fill in 填写，填上
eg. fill out your
name on this cheque.
在这张支票填上你的姓名。
ill at
ease:不自在；困窘
eg. He appeared ill at ease at the
party.
他在宴会上显得很拘谨。
guilty of:对 有罪责
eg. He was guilty of an important false
judgment.
他犯了重大判断失误的错误。
unit 6
Ⅰ. Background Information
Names
For this reading passage, we have
many proper names, which contain cultural
background. The following web sites might
offer you a lot of information you may
be
interested in. The web site, http:, is considered
to be the best for accessing specific
information on each of the names listed( or any
other English language names) by the Society
of Kabalarians of Canada, a society
devoted to
the pursuit of personal wellness. Kabalarians use
the Mathematical
Principle to analyze names.
You can also take a look at
http:, a web site
devoted to the etymology and history of
first
names. You can look up almost 9,000 names, or
research a name not listed. It is
a great
encyclopedic site about language origins, elements
of names, meanings,
namesakes and many other
subtopics, all of which are based on historical
linguistic
information.
Ⅱ. Structure
Analysis
Para. 1: Debbie does not feel good
about her name.
Para. 2: Her change of name
helped bring success
to
her career.
Para. 3: It is important to
have the right name
because it suggests certain qualities.
Para.
4: Names are attached to specific images.
Para. 5: Names with a positive sense can
work for
people, even
encourage new acquaintances.
Para. 6:
People are sometimes guilty of name
stereotyping in relation to names.
Para. 7:
Prejudices against or in favor of certain
names can affect students’ classroom
achievements, objectively graded IQ and
popularity with their peers.
Para. 8: If
you think your name does not suit you,
you can change your old name.
Ⅲ. New
words
t: ( adj ) (1) 高雅的，优雅的
[短语]
elegant in her mannersher speech 举止言谈优雅
(2)
(物品) 优美的 精致的
eg. an elegant room 雅致的房间 an
elegant piece of furniture 一件
精致的家具
(3)
(主意) 有条理的 简单的
an elegant scientific proof
一篇简洁的科学论据
ation ( n.) of ,to, for 应用; 运用, 使用
申请 请求 申请书
eg. I wrote 5
applications for jobs but got nothing.
我写了五份求职申请书,可是都没有消息
eg. The
application of new scientific discoveries to
industrial production
methods usually makes
jobs easier to do.
把科学的新发明应用于工业生产上，往往使工作更容易进行。
[派生词} apply (v.) for, to 申请 应用, 使用
applied ( adj. ) (尤指科学) 应用的
applicable (
adj.) (1) 适用的
This rule is not applicable to
foreigners.
这项规定不适用于外国人。
(2) 生效的
The
new law is applicable from next Monday.
新法律于下周一生效。
applicant：（n)
（为工作，学位，入场卷等以书面作正式申请之)申请
人,请求者
tute (v.)
(1) 以 代替， 取代， 代替
eg. We substituted red
balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice.
我们用红色球代替蓝色球，观察婴儿是否注意到改变。
They don't like
potatoes, so we substituted rice.
他们不喜欢马玲薯，所以我们用米代替。
He substituted for the
worker who was ill.
他代替生病的工人。
(n.) for
(2)代替者，代理人，代用品
eg. There is no substitute for
good and exercise.
没有什么能够代替充足的食物和运动。
4
naturally: (adv.) （1）生来，天然地
eg. Her cheeks are
naturally red.
她的两颊生来就是红的。
(2)自然地，不做作地
Speak naturally when talking on the telephone.
在电话中讲话要自然。
(3)可预期地 自然地
The new safety
laws naturally led to higher car prices.
ence:
(n.) 信任; 自信 私事，秘密
eg. Jean lacks confidence
in herself.
琴对自己没有自信。
The 2 girls told
each other confidences about their boy friends.
[短语] in confidence :私下，秘密地
take (someone)
into one's confidence: 向某人吐露心事
[相关词] confident
adj. 确信的，有自信的 be confident of: 对 有自信
confidential adj 机密的，秘密的 视为心腹的 信任他人的
: (n.) 天才，才能 有才干的人，人才
[近义词] talent,
gift, faculty, aptitude, bent, genius, knack
gift: 它常暗指上帝，自然或命运的偏爱。
faculty:
它指要取得某一特定成就或职能所必须具有的先天或后天获
取的能力。
aptitude:
它指对某项活动天然的喜爱和先天具备的能力。
bent:
它与aptitude意思基本相同，更强调喜好。
talent:
它指一种需要继续开发的显著的天然能力。
genius:
它指给人印象深刻的天生的创造能力，常指使有这种能力的人
去实现其目的的内在动力。
knack: 它暗指一种相对次要的特殊能力，使人做起事来轻巧而灵敏。
7.
definition: (n.) 界定，限定 定义; 清晰
eg. Your new
radio certainly hasgives good definition.
你的新收音机的确清晰。
[派生词] define: 下定义 立界限 阐释
definite: 明确的 清楚的 一定的
definitely: 明确地 无疑地
definitive: 确切的 一定的 不可置疑的 决定性的
[同义词]
explicit, express, specific, definite
explicit:
它指语言严实清楚，因而不需要推论，也没有理由摸棱两可或
在理解上有困难。
express: 它指清楚，直接而有力的表达。
specific:
它指被精确和完全提及的或被细致或特意处理过的东西。
definite:
它强调精确，清楚的陈述或安排，没有任何不清楚或不能被
确定的事。
conclusive, decisive, determinative,
definitive
conclusive: 它用于结束辩论或质疑的推理或逻辑论据。
decisive: 它用于结束论战，争论或任何不确定性的东西。
determinative: 它多出了给出一个确定性的特征，过程或方向的含义。
definitive: 它用于提出来作为最终或永久的东西。
teristic:
(adj.) 典型的，有特性的
(n. )of 典型；特性
eg. A useful characteristic of the cat is its
ability to catch and kill mice.
[形近词]
character: 特色，个性
characterization:
刻画，描绘， 勾勒
al: ( n) 赞成，同意;批准，认可
approve:
v 赞成，批准
eg. The father expressed approval of
what the son did,
父亲对儿子的所作所为表示赞许。
on
approval: 包退包换
nod one's approval = nod in
approval 点头表示同意
e: (vt ) 保留，预定，登记
eg.
These seats are reserved for old and sick people.
这些座位是留给老人和病人的。
(n) 拘谨，矜持，储备量
eg. lose
one's reserve in talking. 说着说着变得随和起来
reserve of manner 举止的拘谨
y: ( v) 取得资格，限制，修饰
eg. Being the son of a member of parliament
doesn't qualify him to talk
about politics.
他虽身为国会议员的儿子，却不够资格谈论政治。
[派生词] qualified:
adj 有限度的， 有条件的
有资格的，合格的 for
qualification: n
赋予资格，限制，条件，执照 s for
qualitative:
adj. 性质上的，质量上的，定性的
quality: n
品质，特性，才能
ent: ( adj.) 重要的，杰出的，著名的
突出的，凸起的
eg. people prominent in science.
科学界的知名人士。
eg. his nose is too prominent.
他的鼻子太高了。
prominence. ( n.) 著名，杰出
bring sth
into prominence= come into prominence 著名，杰出
eg. this young artist is coming into
prominence.
这位年轻艺术家正崭露头角。
:( vt.)
1.使文雅，使高尚
2.提炼，精练
eg. refine
one's language 使某人的语言更为文雅
oil is
industrially refined 燃料油是经工业提炼而成的。
[派生词] 1.
refined: 提炼过的，有教养的，感情脆弱的
a refined way of
speaking 优雅的谈吐
refined tastes 高尚的情趣
ment:
提炼，文雅，精巧的附件
eg. the new car has many added
refinements such as a radio.
这新车有许多精巧的附件，如收音机。
r: n. 提炼者，提炼机
ry: n. 提炼厂，精炼厂，提炼设备
[短语]
refine onupon （尤指在细节上）改进（方法，计划）
14.
acquaintance: ( n.) 相识的人，了解
eg. I have ansome
acquaintance with the language.
我略懂这门语言。
[短语] make sb's acquaintancemake the
acquaintance of sb 认识，了解
tive: ( adj.)
动人的，富有吸引力的
漂亮的
eg. the idea
is very attractive. 那个主意很吸引人。
[派生词] attract:
(v.) 吸引，招引
attraction: (n.) 吸引，诱惑物
type: ( vt.) 对 形成固定看法
eg. it's wrong to
stereotype people, as if they were all alike.
把人定型，看他们个个都一样是错误的。
(n.) 固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框
eg. she rejects the stereotype that women can
only find their true
satisfaction in being
mothers.
他拒绝接受这种陈词滥调，既女人只有在做母亲时才能感到真正的
满足。
17confess: ( v.) 承认，坦白
eg. I'm rather
bored, I must confess. 我不得不承认我很烦。
[派生词]
confessed: 公认的，自己承认的，公开的
confession: 招供，认错
confessional: 告解室，
告解
confessor 听人告解的神父
: (v.)
贴标签于，把 称为
eg. They labeled the boy a thief.
他们把这个男孩叫小偷。
eg. The doctor labeled the bottle
poisonous.
医生在瓶子上贴了“有毒”的标签。
n. 称号，标签
eg. This city merits its label as the garden
of the world.
这座城市配得上世界花园的称号。
Ⅳ. PHRASES:
out:= fill in 填写，填上
eg. fill out your
name on this cheque.
在这张支票填上你的姓名。
ill at
ease:不自在；困窘
eg. He appeared ill at ease at the
party.
他在宴会上显得很拘谨。
guilty of:对 有罪责
eg. He was guilty of an important false
judgment.
他犯了重大判断失误的错误。