河南省招生考试办公室-武侠小说排行

Teaching Plan for Unit 6
Course: College English
Instructor
Time

180 m
Module
Teaching Aids
Unit 6
A As His Name Is, So Is He!

B Judge by Appearances
Multi-media
Teaching
Objectives

1. To help the students have a good understanding of the passages in this
unit；
2. To help the students grasp the usages of some important words, phrases
and expressions in the unit；
3. To enable the students to analyze the structure of the 2 passages in this
unit；
4. To introduce the basic reading skills of this unit：scanning
5. To help the students master how to develop a paragraph by comparison；

1. Get the main idea of the passage.
Chief Points &
2. Master some useful expressions & sentence structures in the passage.
Difficult Points
3. Understand the structure of the text.
Before coming for class, students should
1. identify some important words for the topic.
Prerequisites
2. scan the text for main ideas.
visit library to research about information concerning this unit.
Teaching
Methods
The mixture of listening, speaking, reading, practicing and writing
Teacher‟s Book of New Horizon College English
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (English-Chinese)
Reference Books
Oxford Advanced Learner‟s English-Chinese Dictionary
Longman Dictionary of American English
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Teaching Contents
Section A
I. Warm-up Activity
1. Topic Discussion
i. Student‟s Discussion
ii. Teacher‟s Summary
2. Questions on the Topic and the Passage
II. Background Information
III. Text Structure Analysis
IV. Structured Writing
V. Detailed Study of the Text
i. Words and Phrases Study
ii. Language Points
VI. Text Summary
1. Student‟s Presentation
2. Teacher‟s Summary
VII. After-text A Exercises

Section B
I. Reading Skill
II. Warm-up Activity
1. Topic Discussion
2. Questions on the topic and the Passage
III. Text Structure Analysis
IV. Text Study
1. Words and Phrases Study
2. Paragraph Meaning
3. Language Points
4. Summary
i. Student‟s Presentation
ii. Teacher‟s Summary
V. New Words Dictation
VI. After-text B Exercises
VII. Supplementary exercises

Time Allotment



15 m




5 m
10 m
5 m
50 m


5 m


30 m


5 m
10 m


5 m
20 m






5 m
15 m
Assignments
1. Hand in the exercise of TRANSLATION.
2. Finish the other after-text A & B exercises after class.
3. Supplementary Exercises
i. English-Chinese Translation （5 sentences）
ii. Chinese-English Translation （10 sentences）
4. Preview Unit 7

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Section A
As His Name Is, So Is He!
I. Warm-up Activity

1. Topic Discussion
i. Student's Discussion
1) What do most people base their selection of a name on?
Meaning, tradition, or parents‟ wishes for their child.
2) Do you think a person’s name is important? Why or Why not?
(Open-ended.)
ii. Teacher's Summary
Some people, as you know, believe a person‟s name will have an effect on his or her
career, success or future life, and they think how a person looks just has similar effects. After
we have finished reading the texts, we will find more in this respect.
2. Questions on the Topic and the Passage:
l) How did Debbie fell about her first name and why?
She didn‟t like her first name because it didn‟t suit her good looks and elegant manner,
and it made her think she should be a cook.
2) What did the writer think of Debbie’s name change?
The writer thinks that the name change didn‟t cause Debbie‟s professional achievement,
but it surely helped by making her feel more self-confident about her talents.
3) Why did the writer say that we were all guilty of name stereotyping to some
extent?
We often project name-based stereotypes onto people. For example, one of the writer‟s
women friends confessed that while taking charge of a group of four-year-olds at the
nursery school, she became confused by their personalities because of their names.
4) How can name-based prejudices affect classroom achievement?
One study showed that teachers gave lower grades to essays written by boys with less
appealing names than they awarded to the same papers by boys with better- sounding
names.
5) According to the writer, what can you do if your name doesn’t seem to fit you?
If you are determined enough, you can change your name.

II. Background Information
1. Names
Names often have some stereotyped associations in a particular culture. To learn more
about the history of personal names of European origin, check out the website at
http:. You can also take a look at
http:, a website devoted to the etymology and history of first names of
European origin. The site offers information concerning language origins, elements of names,
meanings, namesakes and many other subtopics. For some (recent) statistics on the
distribution of personal names in the US, check out
http:nealogynameesnames_.
See the following for some names and their meaning and origin:
Debbie (f.): generous, understanding, honest, creative, intense. It is a shortened form of
Deborah, originally from a Hebrew name for a woman described in the Old Testament.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Lynne (f.): sensitive, deeply creative or artistic, intense, a nature-lover. It derives from the
Welsh, meaning “lake”, and from the shortened form of Linda (Spanish), or Belinda (Italian),
both meaning “beautiful”.
Webster (m.): original, inventive, friendly, positive, outspoken, a procrastinator. It derives
from the Old English, meaning “weaver”.
Joe (m.): spontaneous, social, easy-going, warm, generous, lacking in initiative. It is a short
form Joseph, originally from a Hebrew name of a well-known character in the Old
Testament.
Carol (f.): quiet, practical, clever, creative, inventive, moody. It is an English form of
Carolus, meaning “song”, which used to be also a masculine name, but now it is girls only.
The bible is the holy book of the Christians, consisting of the Old Testament and the New
Testament. To learn about the origin and formation of the Bible, check out the websites at
http:bible and http:. The former also offers
information concerning its interpretation and authority and tells how these are affected by our
worldly views at any particular time in history. Each of these topics is illustrated with online
videos. More comprehensive information about the Bible can be found at
http:.
San Diego is a port city in the southwest of California. The website
http: is the official travel resource for the San Diego region.
This site showcases various offerings of the area, including recreation, arts and culture,
business, and such world-renowned theme park attractions as the San Diego zoo, Sea World,
and Legoland.
Georgia State University, founded in 1913, is located in the heart of downtown Atlanta,
Georgia, USA. The university has an enrollment of more than 27,000 undergraduate and
graduate students in six colleges, Georgia State University is the second largest university in
the state of Georgia, with students coming from every state in the US and from over 145
countries. For more information about the university, visit http:.
Temple University is a comprehensive public research university with more than 34,000
students. It has a distinguished faculty in 17 schools and colleges, including the university‟s
renowned Health Sciences Center. The university is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
USA, and has two international campuses in Japan and Italy. According to its official website
http:, Temple University is the 26
th
largest university in the United States, and it
is one of the largest providers of professional education (law, dentistry, medicine, pharmacy,
and podiatric medicine) in the United States.
Ⅲ.Text Structure Analysis
The reading passage argues the point that throughout history, names have not merely
identified people but also described them. The argument is supported with quotations from the
Bible, Webster‟s Dictionary and with other examples. The whole text can be roughly divided
into four parts.
Part One is made up of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2. These two paragraphs, as a whole,
give examples of how names have an effect on people‟s life. Paragraph 1 presents a situation
and its problem—a woman called Debbie felt that her name did not suit her and made her
sound as if she were a cook. Paragraph 2 describes how she solved the problem—she changed
her name when applying for a new job. The new name Lynne made her feel better and help
lead to her career success.
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Part Two is just Paragraph 3. The writer describes something in detail in the first two
paragraphs and this leads to a general statement. The general statement is that throughout
history, names have not merely identified people but also described them. In this paragraph, the
writer supports his general statement with both quotations from the Bible and definitions from
Webster‟s Dictionary. Name is not only used to indicate a person, but more importantly, it is
associated with the behavior and description of the person.
Part Three consists of four paragraphs, from Paragraph 4 to Paragraph 7 each paragraph
with an argument to support the general statement in Paragraph3. Paragraph 4 presents the first
argument that names have become attached to specific images. The writer‟s own experience of
having his articles published is an example in case. Paragraph 5 offers the second argument:
those names with a positive sense can work for you and even encourage new acquaintances. A
specific example is given about how a woman refused to meet a man just for the man‟s name.
Paragraph 6 states the third argument that most of us have some prejudiced notions about
names and become involved in names stereotyping. Here there are some more examples to
show that we project name-based stereotypes on people. Paragraph 7 presents the four
arguments that people‟s names are related to their achievement or behavior. Good names are
associated with better classroom achievement and a greater degree of popularity among one‟s
peers.
IV. Structured Writing
A Paragraph of comparison
The writer of this reading passage tries to convince the readers of the statement “As his
name is, so is he.” To prove it, many comparisons have been made to help bring out the point.
Now let‟s make an analysis of the first part of Paragraph 7 while leaving the second part of that
paragraph for you to analyze by yourself.
The first part of Para. 7
Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well. In a study conducted
by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University, and John Mc David of Georgia boys named
Elmer and Hubert than they awarded to the same papers when the writers‟ name were given as
Michael and David.
Analysis:
Point of view: Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well.
Comparison: The same papers were presented with different names.
1. Essays apparently written by boys name Elmer and Hubert.
2. The same papers with the writers‟ names given as Michael and David.
Comparison result: Teachers gave consistently lower grades to papers with names such as
Elmer and Hubert than to those with names like Michael and David.
Turn to page 142 and do exercise XIII.
V. Detailed Study of the Text

Words & Phrases Study
1. elegant adj. beautiful, attractive, or graceful 优雅的；文雅的
elegant manners 文雅的举止
an elegant person 举止优雅的人
The lady is elegant in her manners and her speech. 那女士举止言谈优雅得体。
May I say how elegant you look with this necktie? 我想说您戴这领带真潇洒。
2. application n.
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1) [U, C] official request申请，请求
Free information will be sent out on application to the office. 可向公司函索免费资料。
I've sent off applications for four different jobs. 我已对四份不同的工作寄出了求职信。
2) [U, C] act of putting a theory, discovery, etc. to practical use应用，使用，运用
Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom. 学
生们学着把他们在课堂上所学的理论知识应用到实际中去。
In my business I use word processing applications. 在我的业务上，我使用文字处理应用程
序。
The design has many applications. 这项设计有很多用途。
[扩展] apply for 申请
apply to 应用
3. impulsively adv. without thinking about the possible results of what one is dong 冲动地
These children tend to behave impulsively. 这些孩子的行为往往很冲动。
His early training was in the sciences and he never acts impulsively in his work. 他早期受过
理科方面的训练， 因此在工作中他从不冲动。
[扩展] impulsive
adj.
(指人或人的行为)冲动的, 易冲动的
pulse n. 脉搏; 脉冲
impulse n . ①凭冲动行事, 突如其来的念头：He felt an irresistible impulse to rush
into the room. 他有一种难以抗拒的冲动想冲进房间。② 推动, 冲力, 刺激, 推动
力:The plan will give an impulse to industrial expansion.这个计划将促进工业的扩
展。
4. substitute
1) vt. put or use sb. sth. to replace sb. sth. else 代替，替换，代用
We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. 我们得用新椅子代替这把破椅子。
Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the match. 下半场比赛由戴顿换
下了威廉。
2) vi. act or serve as a replacement 代替，代用
Can you substitute for me at the meeting? 你能代替我去开会吗？
Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. 在这种烹饪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。
3) n. [C] person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb. or sth. else 代理人，代替的人，
代用品，代用物
The manager was unable to attend but sent his secretary as a substitute. 经理不能出席，但派
了他的秘书代替他出席。
The teacher's ill, so a substitute is teaching today. 那位教师生病了，因此今天由一位代课
教师在上课。
[扩展] change for ①转车去„:We must change at the next station for Chicago.我们得在下
一站换车去芝加哥。②好转〔恶化〕:I hope the weather will soon change for the better.
我希望天气很快好转。③(把„)换成, (以„)交换:I'd like to change this dress for one
in a larger size.我想把这件衣服换成大号的。
trade for 用…换…: He traded his watch for Ade's basketball.他用手表来换艾德的篮
球。
replace with 用…代替: We've replaced the old machine with a computer.我们用电脑取
代了那台旧机器。
5. professional adj. relating to a job that needs special education and training 职业的；专业的
A lawyer or a doctor is a professional man. 律师或医生是专业人员。
Sometimes an amateur can perform as well or better than a professional. 有时候业余人员的
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表现与专业人员的同样好， 甚至比专业人员的更好。
[扩展] profession 职业，自由职业
occupation 工作，职业
career 职业，生涯，事业
6. naturally adv.
1) of course; as might be expected 当然，预料中地
Naturally, as a beginner I'm not a very good driver yet.当然，作为初学者，我还不是一个好
驾驶员。
你给她回信了吗？当然啰！
2) by nature 天性，天生
He's naturally funny; he doesn't even have to try. 他天生滑稽可笑，根本用不着刻意做作。
Dancing seemed to come naturally to her. 看来她生来就会跳舞。
7. confidence n.
1) [U] feeling of certainty; trust in one's own ability 信心，自信
He answered the questions with confidence. 他很自信地回答了问题。
She lacks confidence. I've never known anyone so shy and unsure of themselves. 她缺少自
信。我从未见过如此胆怯和对自己没有信心的人。
2) [U] trust (in sb., in sb.'s ability, or in what is said, reported, etc.) 信赖，信任，相信
Don't put too much confidence in what the papers say. 不要过分相信报纸上所说的。
I have every confidence in her. She'll be perfect for the job. 我对她充满信心。她干这项工
作完全合适。
8. self-confidence n. [U] trust in oneself; trust in one's own abilities 自信
He had the self-confidence to argue with the self-styled authority. 他有信心去和那个自称为
权威的人进行辩论 。
Self- confidence and self-reliance are the mainstay of a strong character. 自信加自强，强者之
脊梁。
9. talent n.
1) [C, U] (a) special natural or learned ability or skill, esp. of a high quality 天才，才能
Alice has a talent for language. 爱丽丝有语言天才。
This sort of work calls for special talents. 做这种工作要求有特殊的才干。
Her talent for music showed at an early age. 她小时候就表现出了音乐方面的天赋。
2. [U] people who have (a) talent 有才干的人，人才
This reflects the important role secondary schools play in the nurturing of talent. 这反映了
中学教学在造就人才方面的重要性。
We're always looking for new talent. 我们总是在寻觅新的人才。
Promising talent is hard to find. 很难找到有发展前途的人才。
10. bible n.
1) [U] [B-] 《圣经》
In the Bible it says that Adam and Eve were the first human beings. 《圣经》上说，亚当和
夏娃是最初的人类。
He studies the Bible every day. 他每天都在研究《圣经》。
2) [C] any official book supported by authorities 得到权威支持的典籍
the stamp-collector's bible 集邮者大典
This magazine quickly became the bible of fashionable women. 这本杂志很快就成为时髦
妇女的圣经。
11. definition n. [U,C] statement that gives the exact meaning (of words, etc); stating the exact
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meaning (of words, etc.) 定义，释义
In this dictionary, definitions have been written using words from a specially chosen list. 在
这本字典里，释义中用的单词是经过特别挑选的。
Leibnitz came along and turned Newton's definition upside down. 莱布尼茨把牛顿的定义
颠倒了过来。
In this dictionary, definitions have been written using words from a specially chosen list. 在
这本字典里，释义中用的单词是经过特别挑选的。
[扩展] define: v. 精确地解释; 界定：定义
12. characteristic
1) adj. representative 特有的，独特的
Such honesty is characteristic of him. 这种诚实是他的典型作风。
With the friendly and generous care so characteristic of these people, they opened their house
to over fifty guests. 这些人由于本性乐善好施，在家里接待了五十多个客人。
Rainy days are characteristic of June. 六月的特点是雨天多。
2) n. [C] special quality 特点，特征
Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. 基因决定了每一种生物的特征。
What characteristics separate Americans from Canadians? 美国人和加拿大人的性格特点
有什么不同？
13. approval n.
1) [U] feeling or showing or saying that one thinks sth. is good or satisfactory赞成，同意，批
准，认可
nod one‟s approval nod in approval 点头表示同意
The father expressed approval of what the son did. 父亲对儿子的所作所为表示赞许。
We hope this action will meet with your approval. 我们希望这一行动能得到您的同意。
Do the plans meet with your approval? 你赞成这些计划吗？
Sam always tried hard to win his father's approval.萨姆总是想尽办法去获得父亲的同意。
2) [U] official permission 批准； 认可
Amendment to flood control planning should be subject to the approval from the original
approval organ. 修改防洪规划，应当报经原批准机关批准。
The president‟s approval of the deal was vital. 总统的批准对这份协议是至关重要的。
I need the approval of the government to travel abroad. 我需要获得政府的批准才能去国
外旅游。
[扩展] approve ① vt. & vi.赞成, 同意She thought for a moment and then approved.她想了
一会儿, 也就同意了。②vt.批准, 通过The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了
该建筑计划。
14. disapproval n. [U] feeling that sth. or sb. is bad or wrong, etc. 反对，不赞成
Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval. 虽然他们没说什么，她感觉得
到他们不赞成。
He expressed his disapproval of what they had done. 他表示对他们的所作所为不以为然。
She made no secret of her disapproval of what we had done. 她对我们所做的事毫不掩饰地
表示不赞成。
[扩展]disapprove: v. (of) opposite to “approve”; have a bad opinion (of sb. or sth. ) esp. for
moral reasons 反对，不赞成
She disapproved the arrangements for the wedding. 她不赞成婚事的安排。
He disapproves of mothers going out to work; in fact, he disapproves very strongly. 他不
赞成作母亲的出外工作；事实上他极力反对这事。
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15. reserve n.
1) [U] the habit of not showing one's feelings or thoughts 矜持，拘谨
He was a man of such reserve that not even his closest friends really understood him. 他是
一个如此拘谨的人，甚至他最亲密的朋友都不能真正理解他。
A few drinks broke through his reserve. 几杯酒下肚他就打开了话匣子。
2) [C, U] thing kept for later use 留待以后用的东西，储备量
the gold reserve 黄金储备
I have a reserve of food in case of emergencies. 我储备了些粮食，以防万一。
3) vt. keep sth. for a particular purpose or time 保留，留出，储备
I reserve Mondays for cleaning up my desk and answering letters. 我留出周一来清理书桌，
答复信件。
Reserve your strength for the climb. 留点力气爬山吧。
4) vt. order (seats, accommodation, etc.) for use by a particular person at a future time预定或
保留（座位、席位），登记
I rang the hotel to reserve a double room for a week. 我打电话给旅馆预定一个双人房间为
期一周。
If you get there early, please reserve a seat for me. 如果你先到达那里，请给我预定一个座
位。
[辨析] deserve vt.应受, 应得, 值得He deserves a reward for his efforts.他积极努力, 值得奖
赏。
16. specific adj.
1) detailed and exact具体的，明确的
From one's stand there follow specific attitudes towards specific matters. 随着立场，就发生
我们对于各种具体事物所采取的具体态度。
We don‟t get any specific instruction. 我们没有得到任何明确的指示。
There are two specific questions we must answer. 有两个具体问题我们必须回答。
I asked you a specific question. Please give me a specific answer. 我问你一个具体的问
题 ，请你给我明确的回答。
Are you doing anything specific this weekend? 这个周末你有什么特别的事要做？
2. relating to one particular thing, etc.; not general 特有的，特定的
a disease specific to horses 马特有的病
The money is to be used for a specific purpose: the building of the new theatre. 这笔款将专
款专用：兴建新剧院。
Feathers are a characteristic specific to birds. 羽毛是鸟类特有的。
[扩展] specify vt.详述: Please specify what you will do. 请你详述一下你将做什么。指定We
should specify a time and a place for the meeting. 我们应指定会议的时间和地点
17. latter adj.
1) being the second of two people, things or groups mentioned before （两者中的）后者的
Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year. 修建新图书馆的工
程应在明年下半年开始。
There are plastic and wooden garden chairs but the latter ones are more expensive.
花园椅有塑料制的和木制的，但是后者贵得多。
2) near to the end of a period 后面的
He spent the latter part of his life in the countryside. 他的后半生是在乡下度过的。
Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year. 修建新图书馆的工
程应在明年下半年开始。
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In the latter stages of the fight he began to tire. 在战斗的后阶段他开始感到累了。
n. [the ~ ] the second of two things or people already mentioned 后者
Many support the former plan, but personally I‟m for the latter. 许多人支持前面那个计划，
但我个人赞同后者。
Jack and Bill are twins, but the latter is taller than the former. 杰克和比尔是孪生兄弟，不过
比尔比杰克个子高。
We have to make the kitchen and the hall more attractive. I‟d rather do the latter first. 我们
得把厨房和客厅装饰得更漂亮些——我情愿先装饰客厅。
18. qualify v. have (make) the necessary sills, knowledge, ability, etc, to do sth. （使）具有资
格，（使）合格
Tom is well qualified for the job. 汤姆很有资格做这份工作。
Being a son of a member of government doesn‟t qualify him to talk about political affairs. 他
虽身为政府官员的儿子，却不够资格谈论政治。
Being a single parent qualifies you for extra benefits. 作为一个单身父（母）亲，你有权获
得额外的福利金。
19. critic n. [C] person who describes and judges the quality of sth., esp. works of art, music, etc.
（文学、艺术、音乐）评论家，批评家
She's a film critic for the 她是《爱尔兰时报》的一名电影评论家。
That would put blood in the eye of his critics. 那会使得批评他的人更加恼火。
20. prominent adj.
1) important; well- known 重要的，杰出的，显著的，著名的
a prominent magazine 著名的杂志
The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic. 政府
应该在改善公共交通方面起更重要的作用。
2) sticking out from a surface 突出的，凸起的
Our house is the most prominent one in the street; it's painted red.我们的房子是街上最突出
的, 它被漆成了红色。
prominent cheek-bones 突起的颧骨
She has a rather prominent nose. 她的鼻子很高。
21. by-line n. [C] a line at the beginning of an article that gives the writer's name作者署名处
The essays published in this section usually carry no by- lines.发表在这个专栏里的文章通常
不署名。
She is a financial journalist with her own by-line. 她是金融记者， 写文章都署名。
22. refine v.
1) make (sb. sth.) more elegant 使文雅，使高尚
refine one's language
使某人的语言更为文雅
Delia has been refined. You can't imagine she is now an elegant lady.
德丽娅现在变文雅了。你想象不到她已是一位优雅的女士了。
2) to make pure or improve esp. by removing unwanted material 提炼，精炼
refining processes
精炼过程
Oil is industrially refined.
燃料油是经工业提炼而成的。
[扩展] refined: a. 文雅的；优雅的；高尚的a refined way of speaking 优雅的谈吐；refined
manners 文雅的举止 ；refined tastes 高尚的情趣
10

23. acquaintance n. [C] person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识的人
Upon further acquaintance I found him a good youth. 经过进一步的了解，我发现他是一个
好青年。
He and I are not really friends, only nodded acquaintance. 我和他实在不算是朋友，只是点头
之交而已。
He has a lot of business acquaintances but very few real friends. 他有许多生意上的熟人，但
真正的朋友却很少。
He has a wide circle of acquaintances. 他交际甚广。
No one in their entire acquaintance would wear such a dress. 在他们的熟人圈子里，没有人
会穿这种衣服。
I have an some acquaintance with the language. 我略懂这门语言。
I wasn‟t sure about Darryl when I first met her, but on further acquaintance I rather like her. 刚
认识达里尔时，我对她并没有把握，但在进一步了解中我却相当喜欢她。
[扩展] make sb.’s acquaintance make the acquaintance of sb. 认识：I‟m so pleased to
make your acquaintance, Mr. Smith. 史密斯先生，能够认识您我感到很荣幸。
24. attractive adj. very pleasing in appearance or sound, or causing interest or pleasure 动人的，
引人入胜的，富有吸引力的
She's so attractive, but I'd never dare ask her out. 她非常美丽动人，但我始终没有勇气邀她
出去。
The pay they're offering is very attractive, but I still don't want the job. 他们答应给的薪水很
有吸引力，但我还是不想要这份工作。
25. impressive adj. having a strong effect on sb. 给人印象深刻的
There are some very impressive buildings in the town. 城市中有一些给人留下非常深刻印象
的建筑物。
His speech is most impressive. 他的演讲给人以非常深刻的印象。
26. stereotype
1) vt. form a fixed set of ideas that is generally disapproving about the characteristics of a
certain group of people or things 对... ...形成固定看法
The study says that British advertisements stereotype women.
该项研究说英国的广告对妇女抱有成见。
The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people.
有人批评警方对黑人有成见。
2) n. [C] image, idea, character, etc. that has become fixed in a routine form 固定的形象，陈
规，老套，旧框框
He doesn't fit the national stereotype of a Frenchman. 他不是个符合法国模式的法国人。
The characters in the book are just stereotypes. 这书中的角色只是些僵化的人物。
She rejects the stereotype that women can only find their true satisfaction in being mothers.
她拒绝接受这种陈词滥调，即女人只有在做母亲时才能感到真正的满足。
27. extent n.
1) the degree specified 某种（什么、这样的、一定的）程度
To some extent you are correct. 在某种程度上你是对的。
To what extent can he be believed? 可以在多大程度上相信他？
2) [U] length; area; range 长度; 面积; 范围
I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.
我对他知识的渊博感到惊奇。
The Nile is over 6,500 kilometers in extent.
11

尼罗河长达6500多公里。
[扩展] to some extent 在某种程度上
to a large extent很大程度上
I agree with what you say to a large extent. 我很大程度上同意你所说的话。
To some extent you are correct. 在某种程度上说你是对的。
To what extent can he be believed? 可以在多大程度上相信他？
28. confess v.
1) admit often unwillingly 承认
I'm rather bored, I must confess. 我不得不承认我有点厌烦了。
He confessed that he had slept through the second half of the film. 他承认电影放到一半后
他一直在睡觉。
2) admit that one has done sth. wrong, esp. when what you have done is secret坦白，供认
She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring.
她向丈夫坦白她卖掉了结婚戒指。
I'm afraid that I've got something to confess: I've broken your vase. 恐怕有件事我得告诉你
—— 我打破了你的花瓶。
29. carpenter n. [C] person whose job is making or repairing wooden things 木匠，木工
We've found a good carpenter to build some bookcases for us. 他们找了个好木匠为我们做
一些书橱。
the carpenter's son 木匠之子（用于称耶稣）
30. nursery n. [C] place where children are cared for, usu. while their parents are at work, etc.托
儿所
a day nursery 日托托儿所
Their two children have been going to a nursery since they were small babies. 他们的两个孩
子从婴儿时就一直上托儿所。
Christine has been a nursery school teacher for 30 years. 克里斯汀当幼儿园老师已有30年
了。
Her son attends a nursery school in the church. 她儿子在教会办的一家幼儿园上学。
31. thoughtful adj.
1) thinking deeply, quiet and serious because one is thinking about sth. 深思的，思考的
The doctor looked thoughtful for a moment and then started to write something on the paper.
医生仔细考虑了片刻，开始在纸上写了起来。
When Beth is writing a letter, she looks thoughtful. 当贝思写信时，她看上去像在思索。
2) showing care for the need of others 体贴的，关心的，考虑周到的
She's a very thoughtful person. 她是个很体贴别人的人。
Thank you for phoning to see if I was feeling better - it was very thoughtful of you. 谢谢你
打电话问我是否觉得好点了-- 你真关心人。
It was very thoughtful of you to make all the necessary arrangements for me. 你考虑得真周
到，为我作了一切必要的安排。
32. creature n. [C] living being, esp. an animal 生物，动物
We could see amazing creatures through the glass in the bottom of the boat. 透过船底的玻璃
我们可以看到一些怪得让人吃惊的生物。
The poor creature had no home, family, or friends. 那个可怜的人既没有家和家人, 也没有
朋友。
33. award
1) vt. give esp. as the result of an official decision 授予，给予
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The university has awarded Jane $$500 for travel. 大学给予简500美元旅行补助。
She was awarded a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而被授予一枚奖章。
The judge awarded both of them equal points. 裁判员给他们两个人打了同样的分。
2) n. [C] sth. awarded奖品
an award ceremony 授奖仪式
Because of his great contribution to the country, he won the highest award. 由于他为国家作
出的重大贡献，他获得了最高奖。
They have given an award of $$900 to each of the winners. 他们给予每位获胜者900美元奖
励。
[辨析] reward 1) n. ①报酬, 报答, 奖赏, 报偿He will expect some reward after working
so hard. 他工作很努力, 会得到报偿的。 ②赏金, 酬金 The police are offering a big reward
for information about the robbery. 警方出大笔赏金要求提供那起抢劫案的破案线索. 2) vt.
酬谢, 奖赏How can I reward your kindness?我怎样才能报答你的好心呢?
34. objective
1) adj. not influenced by personal feelings; fair 不受个人感情影响的，客观的，公正的
The painter tried to be as objective as possible in evaluating his latest work. 那位画家在评
价他最近的新作时尽量讲得客观入理。
How can you make an objective decision if she's your own daughter? 如果她是你的女儿，
你怎么可能做出客观的决定呢？
It is an objective report. 这是一篇客观的报道。
2) n. [C] thing aimed at or wished for; purpose 目标，目的
Her main objective now is simply to become an internationally famous scientist.
她现在的主要目标就是成为一名具有世界声望的科学家。
I don't know what his objectives were in making such a criticism?
我不知道他这样指责的目的是什么？
[辨析] subjective adj.(思想、感情等)主观的主观的(以个人好恶、观点等为依据)This is a
subjective judgment of her abilities.这是对她能力的一种主观判断。
33. intelligence n. [U] (good) ability to learn, reason, and understand智力，智慧，理解力
Last week the children were given an intelligence test. 上周对那些孩子进行了一次智力测
试。
One sign of intelligence in a baby is its ability to recognize the objects of its surroundings.识别
周围事物的能力是婴儿智力的一种表现。
His intelligence is not apparent from his school reports. 从他的学校成绩报告单来看, 他的
智力平平。
[扩展] intelligent adj. 聪明的; 理解力强的I have not arrived at a very intelligent opinion on
that matter.我对那件事还没有高见。
34. appealing adj. attractive; inviting 吸引人的； 悦人的
This 'win-win' structure is appealing to banks and investors. 这种双赢结构对银行和投资者
均具吸引力。
The idea of a whole week on the beach is very appealing. 在海边度假一周， 这个主意挺吸
引人的。
Having someone to do all my cleaning for me was an appealing prospect. 有人帮我做清洁，
这想法挺诱人的。
[扩展] appeal 1) n. ①呼吁, 恳求: His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.他恳请原
谅, 但没有得到答复。②感染力, 吸引力:This kind of music hasn't much appeal for
me. 这类音乐对我没有吸引力。2) vt. & vi.上诉 Five times he appealed the case,
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always losing.他上诉五次, 都失败了。
35. popularity n. [U] the state of being liked or supported by a lot of people 收欢迎； 流行
Prolonged recession and high unemployment knocked his popularity down to rock-bottom. 经
济长期衰退， 失业率也很高，这些是他的受欢迎程度降到了最低。
Margaret has profited from her own popularity among her film fans. 玛格丽特因受影迷欢迎
而获利。
36. despair
1) vi. have lost all hope 失望，绝望
His despair of becoming a great artist made him stop painting. 他因感到不能成为大画家而
绝望，从此放弃作画。
There are signs that many citizens have already despaired of political officials. 有迹象表明，
许多市民已经对政府官员感到失望We've despaired of him; he can't keep a job for more than
six months. 我们对他非常失望，没有哪一个工作他能干半年以上。
Don't despair! We'll find a way out! 不要绝望！我们会找到解决办法的！
2) n. [U] state of having lost all hope 失望，绝望
He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争。
To the despair of her teachers, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. 令老师们感到
失望的是，尼科尔从来不做布置给她的作业。
He‟s the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job. 他让父母束手无
策，因为他对找工作没有表现出一点兴趣。
37. label
1) n. [C] descriptive word or words applied to a person, group, etc. (用以形容人、团体等的）称
号，外号
This city merits its label as the garden of the world. 这座城市配得上世界花园的称号。
A critic called her first novel label has stuck. 一位评论家称他的第
一部小说为超级浪漫小说，于是那部小说得了这一雅号。
is the label generally applied to this magazine. 中产阶级是普遍用来形容这
本杂志的趣味层次的一个词。
2) n. [C] piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc. on or beside an object and describing its nature, name,
owner, etc. 标签，签条
I read the information on the label before deciding which to buy. 我先看标签上的说明，然后
才决定买哪一种。
Remember to put some address labels on the suitcases. 记住在衣箱上贴上几张地址标签。
3) vt. describe sb. sth; put a label or labels on sth. 把... ...称为; 把标签贴在... ...上，用标签标
明
His work is difficult to label precisely.
他的工作难以准确描述。
If you spend any time in prison you're labeled a criminal for the rest of your life.
如果你坐过牢，你将一辈子被看作罪犯。
He was busy labeling all the bottles of wine that he'd made that year.
他忙着给所有装有他那年酿的酒的瓶子贴上标签。
This jam is labeled
这瓶果酱上贴着标签苹果和香蕉。
38. determination n. . [U] firmness of objective; exact fixing (of sth.); deciding
决心，坚定，决断力; 决定，确定
At the age of ten she sat in the darkened theatre with determination that one day she would act
14

on its stage.
10岁那年，她曾坐在黑乎乎的剧场里，下决心有一天要在这舞台上演出。
We need a leader with courage and determination.我们需要一位有勇气和决心的领导人。
the determination of future policy 未来政策的决定
She is responsible for the determination of
39. fill out： add what is necessary to make sth. complete 填写
All the applicants for the job must fill out this form.
所有申请这一工作的人都要填写这份申请表。
Please fill out your cheque and sign it.
请填写你的支票并在上面签字。
40. if only: used for saying that sth. is good only for a limited purpose or time 就算…都行； 哪
怕…也好
Just call her, if only so say that you are sorry. 给她打个电话吧哪怕就告诉她你感到很抱歉
也好啊。
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. （含蓄的虚拟语气）
41. for better or worse: whether the result is good or bad 不管结果好坏
It's been done, and for better or worse, we can't change it now.
木已成舟，好也罢，坏也罢，我们现在已无法改变了。
I decided to follow her advice, for better or worse. 不管怎样我都决定采纳她的意见。
He promised to take her for better or for worse. 他答应不论顺境逆境都会照顾她（与她祸福
与共）。
42. convey to: make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another person 表达（思想、感情）；转达
Please convey my good wishes to your mother. 请向你母亲转达我的良好祝愿。
If you see James, do convey my regrets to him. 要是你见到詹姆斯，请向他转达我的歉意。
43. attach sth. to sth.: connect sth. with sth. 使与……相关联
Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗？
She attaches great value to being on her own. 她认为自我独立极为重要。
44. even so: in spite of that 虽然这样，然而，不过
I had a terrible headache, but, even so, I went to the concert. 我头痛得厉害，但我还是去欣赏
了音乐会。
There are many spelling mistakes; even so it's quite a good essay. 虽然有很多拼写错误，但这
仍不失为是一篇相当不错的文章。
I had a terrible headache, but even so I went to the concert. 我头痛得厉害，但我还是去了音
乐会。
There are many spelling mistakes; even so, it‟s quite a good essay. 虽然有很多拼写错误，但
它仍不失为一篇相当不错的文章。
45. turn down: refuse to consider 拒绝，驳回
He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health.
他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝。
Why was I turned down for the job? Is it because I'm a woman?
为什么不让我做那项工作？因为我是一个女人吗？
46. blind date: arrangement to meet (each other) made between a man and a woman who have not
met each other before （由第三方安排的）男女间初次见面
Ann has arranged for me to go on a blind date this Saturday with a man that she knows through
work. 本周六安安排我与一位她在工作中认识的男子见面。
47. come up to: move towards 走近，移近
15

A man came up to me and asked for a match. 一名男子走到我跟前向我借火柴。
Your behavior does not come up to the expected standard.你的举止达不到要求。
48. press for sth.: make repeated and demanding request for sth. 反复请求，紧急请求
I don‟t know whether to accept this new job, and the firm is pressing (me)
for a decision. 我不知道是否要接受这份新工作, 公司正催我速作决定。
The chairman is pressing for improved working conditions.
主席一再要求改善工作条件。
Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened.
许多家长一直迫切要求重新开办当地那所学校。
49. be (ill) at ease: uncomfortable; anxious, or worried, embarrassed (不)自在;困窘
Pat felt ill at ease with his family, wondering whether or not to announce his news. 帕特和家
人在一起很不自在，不知是否要宣布他的事。
She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother. 母亲批评她的时候，她觉得非常得
困窘。
He appeared ill at ease at the party. 他在宴会上显得很拘谨。
She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother. 母亲批评她的时候，她觉得非常
困窘。
His legs were nervous, but his mind was at ease. 他的双腿很疲乏，但心情舒畅。
50. free from: not influenced or damaged by sth. dangerous 不具······的，未受危险伤害的
Is the President free from prejudice? 难道总统没有偏见吗？
Make sure the wound is free from dirt? 要保证伤口不能沾上污物。
51. be guilty of: be to blame for sth.对······有罪责
He was found guilty of passing on secret papers to a foreign power. 他被判决犯有向某大国
泄露秘密文件的罪行。
I feel guilty about not having written to you sooner. 我为没有尽早给您写信感到内疚。
I saw that I had been guilty of a careless mistake. 我意识到自己因疏忽而酿成大错。
52. project on onto upon: imagine (one‟s own esp. bad feelings or thoughts) as being
experienced by others
It is not reasonable that they project their dreams onto us. 他们觉得我们与他们具有同样的
梦想, 真荒谬。
53. take charge of: take control of; become responsible for 负责管理，对……负责
The department was badly organized until she took charge of it.在她负责以前这个部门曾是
一团糟。
The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. 老板让他
在她离开时掌管办公室几天。
54. stick with sth.: keep staying with sth., cannot get rid of sth. 坚持; 无法摆脱
I'm sticking with my original idea. 我仍坚持我的原来的想法。
I'd rather stick with a way of doing things that I know will work. 我宁愿坚持用我认为能起
作用的做事方法。
We were stuck with relatives who came to stay with us the whole holiday. 亲戚来我们家了，
我们整个暑假都得和他们呆在一起。
The landlady didn‟t allow us to make any change to her house, so we were stuck with the
tasteless decoration. 房东不让我们随意改变房子的任何一处， 因此我们不得不忍受这没
品位的装修了。
Will you help me with this mathematical problem? I‟m stuck with it. 这道数学题你能帮我一
下吗？我怎么也解不出来。
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Language Points
1. As His Name Is, So Is He! (Title)
Meaning: His nature or manner as a man is similar to what he is called, his name.
The “as … so” here is used to express parallelism or proportionality. (表示类比)
As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship. 沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。
As is the teacher, so is the pupil. 有其师必有其徒。
There is also a possibility not to invert part of the sentence.
As you treat me, so I shall treat you. 你怎样对待我，我也将怎样对待你。
As time went on, their hopes began to decrease. 随着时间的推移，他们的希望开始变得越来
越小了。
2. I just don’t feel like a Debbie. (Para. 1)
Meaning: I just don‟t identify with the name Debbie.
feel like: identify with (as used in this instance); have a wish for, want
I don‟t feel like taking a holiday now. 我现在不想去度假。
Do you feel like a cup of coffee? 你想来一杯咖啡吗?
I don‟t feel like a president. 我不想当主席。
3.... while filling out an application form ... (Para. 2)
In adverbial clauses of time introduced by the conjunction “while” (and “when”, “until”, “as
soon as”, “once”, etc.), we may have finite verb forms or non-finite verb forms. So this clause of
time may be rewritten as: ... while she was filling out an application form ...
More examples:
She was singing a tune while she was working. (or: She was singing a tune while working.) 她边
干活边哼曲子。
4. impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie.(Para. 2)
middle name: a name coming between the first name and the last name
“What‟s James Brown‟s middle name?” “It‟s Michael.” “詹姆斯·布朗的中名叫什么?” “叫迈克
尔。”
“Middle name” can also be used figuratively, meaning a main part of one‟s character.
Generosity is her middle name. 慷慨是她的性格特征。
5. ... and other people started to take me more seriously. (Para. 2)
take ... seriously: treat (sth. or sb.) in a serious manner
He now learns to take things more seriously. 他现在学着更加严肃地对待事情了。
6. Friends and associates call her Lynne. (Para. 2)
associate: n. a person connected with another, especially at work
He is not a friend but an associate. 他是同事，而不是朋友。
associate: v. (cause to) join as friends or as partners in business
They were closely associated with each other during the war. 战争期间他们间的关系很密切。
7. Naturally, the name change didn’t cause Debbie Lynne’s professional achievement ...
(Para. 3)
Meaning: Of course, the name change was not the cause of Debbie Lynne‟s professional
achievement.
8. ... it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents.(Para. 3)
Meaning: ... it surely helped although it helped only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her
talents.
if: conj. accepting that, although
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This is a pleasant if noisy child. 这孩子挺可爱, 虽说有点闹。
It is a nice house, if a little expensive. 这房子不错, 虽说价钱高了点。
8. ... qualities ... may be suggested by your name ... (Para. 3)
suggest: vt. make clear indirectly, indicate, signal
Her expression suggested anger. 她脸上的表情说明她生气了。
The disorganized meeting suggested a lack of proper planning. 会议组织混乱, 表明缺乏事先筹
划。
9. ... which some think makes me more qualified to be a baseball player than, say, an art
critic. (Para. 4)
say: v. (usually used in imperatives) suppose, suggest, assume
Would you take an offer of, say (= for example), 5,000 dollars for your car? 要是给你开个价, 比
方说5,000元, 你卖不卖这辆车?
Can you come to dinner? Say, 7:30? 你能来吃晚饭吗? 比如说7点半?
10. I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared
complete. (Para. 4)
Meaning: I think it likely that if my name were Arthur or Adrian, (a name suggesting that a person
is more polite, better educated and better-mannered), my full name would have been printed in my
by-line.
11. ... names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances.
(Para. 5)
Meaning: ... names that suggest good qualities to other people can help you to your advantage in
some way, and even give other people encouragement to get to know you.
17. ... he sounded dull. (Para. 5)
Meaning: …judging by listening to his name, he is an uninteresting man.
18. ... they’d been exchanging glances all evening. (Para. 5)
Meaning: They had been glancing at each other (with admiration) all evening.
19. ... we’re all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. (Para. 6)
Meaning: ...all of us are wrong to some degree to attach too simple an image to people according
to the qualities suggested by their names.
20.... we project name-based stereotypes on people, ... (Para. 6)
Meaning: ... we imagine that people have the qualities suggested by their names...
21. ... you aren’t stuck with the label. (Para. 8)
Meaning: ...if you don‟t like your name given by your parents, you can get rid of it by changing
your name.

VI．Text Summary
1. Student’s Presentation
The teacher asks 2-3 students to make presentation.

2. Teacher’s Summary
Throughout history, names have not merely identified people but also described them. The
author gives examples of how names have an effect on people‟s life. Thus, the author states
that name is not only used to indicate a person, but more importantly, it is associated with the
behavior and description of the person. This general statement is supported by four arguments.
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Names have become attached to specific images. Those names with a positive sense can work
for you and even encourage new acquaintances. Most of us have some prejudiced notions
about names and become involved in names stereotyping. People‟s names are related to their
achievement or behavior. Good names are associated with better classroom achievement and a
greater degree of popularity among one‟s peers.
VII. After-text A Exercises
1. Vocabulary: Students are asked to master the key words and phrases.
2. Sentence Structure: Teacher summaries the usage of inversion structures and sentences
with the “-ing” participle clause with a conjunction. Students practice rewriting sentences
after the models on Page 139.
3．Translation
4. Cloze


Section B Judge by Appearances

I. Reading Skill
Scanning
We introduced the reading skill scanning in Unit 8, Book 1.

In a broad sense, to scan is to
read quickly in order to locate or find the place where a particular item of information is given.
The skill is particularly useful in reading newspapers or magazines.
The steps involved in scanning are as follows:
1. Decide what information you are looking for, and think about the form it may take.
For example, if you want to find out who did something, you would look for a name.
2. Decide where you need to look to find the information you want.
3. Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you find the information
you need.
Here are some examples from Passage A in this unit that may illustrate how we probably
scan for some particular information.
Example 1
Having read the first paragraph, we know that Debbie didn't like her name, which, she
thought, didn't suit her good looks and elegant manner. Immediately the question coming into our
mind is probably would she do with her name?With this question in mind, we move our
eyes quickly on, and soon we have the answer in the next paragraph:
One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman
impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. (Para. 2)
Example 2
Having found the answer to the first question, we may have another question out of curiosity:
What might be the result of Debbie changing her name? To answer this question we keep moving
our eyes quickly until the end of this paragraph:
Two years after her successful job interview, the former waitress is now a successful magazine
editor. (Para. 2)
Example 3
Now we may feel curious or even doubtful about the result. We may ask: How could we
19

explain the connection between Debbie's name change and her professional achievement? We
move our eyes as quickly as possible down again until we reach the two sentences in Paragraph 3:
Naturally, the name change didn't cause DebbieLynne's professional achievement—but it
surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. Social scientists say that what
you're called can affect your life. (Para. 3)
Example 4
Now we may feel very interested in such a phenomenon. We may ask: Does a name have a
similar effect in other fields? We move our eyes as quickly as possible down again until we reach
the two sentences in Paragraph 5:
A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female
name, while women believed Richard and David were the most attractive for men. One woman I
know turned down a blind date with a man named Harry because “he sounded dull”. (Para. 5)
II. Warm- up Activity
1.
ⅰ Student’s Discussion
1) Do you have the experience of judging others by their appearances? (open-ended)
--yes, (and give an example)
2) Have you ever been judged by others by your appearance? (open-ended)
--yes, (and give an example)
ⅱ
Teacher’s Summary
It is quite natural that people often judge others by appearances. Almost everyone has such
kind of prejudiced experience. Of course, we are often judged by others from what we look.
„Seeing is believing‟, but sometimes our eyes may cheat us. From the author‟s experience in text,
we may find that the prejudice of judging by appearances is deep-rooted.
2. Questions on the Topic and the Passage
1) What does the author want to do in this passage?
---To describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate a standard criticism of
sociological research.
2) What was the aim of the sociological research?
---The aim is to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the
way other people responded to them--whether the appearance of poverty would invite
prejudice on them.
3) What did they first do in the sociological exercise?
---They went into a bargain store of a local charity where they politely ask access to a
bathroom.
4) What did they learn in the sociological exercise?
--- People judge by appearances.
III. Text Structure Analysis
In this passage, the author describes a sociological exercise she and her classmate did and
shows us that it is prejudice time and people judge by appearances.
The passage can be roughly divided into3 parts:
Part One (Para1) The author tells us that she wants to describe a sociological exercise that
might seem to validate a standard criticism of sociological research.
Part Two (Para 2-6) This part is about what they did in the sociological exercise to reach their
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aim and how people responded to their unusual behavior.
Part Three (Para 7-9) In this part, the readers can get what they learned from the sociological
exercise and the author‟s opinion on it.

IV. Text Study
1. Words and Phrases Study
1.

sociology:
n. [U] scientific study of society 社会学
a sociology course 社会学课程
She has a degree in sociology and political science. 她拥有社会学和政治学的学位。
[扩展]society n. 社会，社会团体 social a. 社会的，社交的
Socialism n. 社会主义 socialist n. 社会主义者 a. 社会主义的
2. sociological: a. of sociology 社会学的
a sociological theory 社会学理论
conduct sociological research 进行社会学研究
3. validate: vt. prove that sth. is true or correct 证实
Mr. Brown tried to validate his criticisms. 布郎先生试图证明他的批评是有道理的。
Can you validate your views against economic growth? |你能证明你反对经济增长的观点
吗？
4. virtually: ad. almost 实际上；差不多
It used to be virtually impossible to find restaurants outside the cities, but it's much easier now.
过去在城外几乎找不到餐馆，不过现在容易多了。
On the label, the milk is described as “virtually fat-free”. 这牛奶的标签上写着“基本不含脂
肪”的字样。
[扩展] virtual a. 实质上的，事实上的，实际上的
[辨析] virtue n. 美德，优点
5. slightly: ad. a little; somewhat 稍微；轻微
Her car is a slightly different color. 她的汽车颜色稍微有点不同。
The temperature had risen slightly, but it was still very cold. 气温略有上升，但仍很冷。
6. inappropriate: a. not suitable 不合适的；不恰当的
Such language would be quite inappropriate for this occasion. 这类语言对这个场合来说很
不恰当。
If such discriminations are appropriate for birds, why should they be inappropriate in the case
of men? 如果这些区别适用于鸟类的话，那么对人类来说为什么就不合适了呢？
7. tidy: a. neatly arranged with everything in the right place 整洁的； 整齐的
a tidy person 穿着整洁的人
She keeps her house very tidy. 她把屋子收拾得非常整洁。
8. untidy: a. not tidy; in a mess 不整洁的；凌乱的
an untidy desk 乱糟糟的书桌
He‟s an untidy worker; he leaves his tools everywhere. 他是个邋遢工人，工具放得到处都
是。
9. wrinkle:
v. (cause to) form small lines or folds （使）起皱纹；（使）起褶皱
The apples are beginning to wrinkle. 这些苹果开始起皱了。
Too much sunshine will wrinkle your skin. 过多阳光会使你的皮肤起皱纹。
n. [C] a small line on one's face and skin 皱纹
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She‟s beginning to get wrinkles around her eyes. 她眼部周围开始有皱纹了。
There are some wrinkles in the back of your skirt where you‟ve been sitting down. 你裙 子
后面坐着的地方有些褶皱。
ed: a. having small lines or folds 有皱纹的；皱巴巴的
a wrinkled face 满是皱纹的脸
His suit was wrinkled and he looked very tired. 他衣服皱巴巴的，人也显得很疲倦。
: n. (pl.) trousers 裤子
sweat pants <主美> (尤指运动员运动前后保暖穿的)宽松长运动裤
These pants look good, but they are expensive. 这种裤子很漂亮，但价钱很贵。
l: vt. hide sth. carefully隐藏；隐瞒
He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family. 他竭力向家人隐瞒他酗酒的恶习。
I tried to conceal my surprise when she said she was only 22. 当她说她只有22岁时，我尽力
掩饰自己的惊讶。
[扩展]hideconceal sth. from sb. 对某人隐瞒某事
[考点]hide(.) 不一定有“故意”的含义。conceal (vt.) 常指有目的地，非常巧妙地
“隐藏”或“隐瞒”。
ionable: a. not in fashion or the current style 不时髦的；不流行的
These ideas became unfashionable after the collapse of the Berlin Wall. 这些观念在柏林墙
倒塌后就不流行了。
Production stopped in the 80s when these products became unfashionable. 这些产品落伍了，
80年代就停止生产了。
de: n. [C] sth. used as a protection from the sun‟s rays 遮阳物
She wears glasses with sunshades in hot summer. 她夏天用遮阳镜片。
She stayed under the sunshade when others were swimming in the sea. 别人在大海里游泳，
而她呆在遮阳伞下面。
:
vt. 1) hold sth. together with some device 别在...上；夹住
Do you clip those earrings on? |你的耳环是夹上去的吗？
When you‟ve finished your work, clip them together and hand them in to me. 完工之后，把它
们别在一起交给我。
2) cut parts of sth. to make it tidy 修剪
The children were amazed to see the sheep being clipped. 剪羊毛时，孩子们好奇地看着。
You need to clip your nails. 你该修剪指甲了。
n. [C] a small object used for tying things together or holding them in position 夹子；
针
a hair clip 发夹
The paper was tied together with a plastic clip. 纸张是用一个塑料夹子夹在一起的。
y: n. [U] the state of being poor 贫穷；贫困
She had been worn down by poverty and illness. 贫病交加，她被折磨倒了。
Two million people in the city live in poverty. 城里有两百万人生活在贫困中。
:
a. 1) slight in degree 轻微的；不严重的
She‟s only got a mild fever. |她只是轻微发烧
She can‟t accept even mild criticism of her work. 她甚至不能接受对她工作一点点的批评。
2) gentle 温和的；和善的
He‟s the mildest man you could wish to meet.他是你能见到的最和善的人。
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He gave a mild answer, in spite of his anger. 尽管十分恼火，他还是态度温和地 回答
了。
: ad. in a slight or gentle way 轻微地；温和地
She seemed mildly disappointed when I didn‟t buy any perfume. 我没买香水，她似乎微微有
点失望。
She spoke mildly to us. 她对我们说话很温和。
nal:
a. 1) relating to feelings 情感的；情绪的
emotional problems 情绪问题
My doctor said the problem was more emotional than physical. 我的医生说问题不是出在身
体上而是在情绪上。
2) causing or showing strong feelings 引发（或表现）强烈情感的
The president has made an emotional speech for the killing to stop. 总统发表了感人的演说，
呼吁停止屠杀。
That music‟s so emotional; it always brings tears to my eyes. 那音乐如此让人动情；它总让
我落泪。
[扩展]emotion n. 情感，感情，激情
ics: n. (pl.) behavior that shows too much unnecessary emotion 夸张做作的行为
George‟s dramatics began to irritate me. 乔治的夸张做作的行为开始让我生气。
His friends were tired of all his phony dramatics. 他的朋友厌烦了他虚伪的做作。
[扩展]dramatic a. 引人注目的，突然的；戏剧性的，激动人心的；戏剧性事件
: v. put a car or other vehicle in a particular place for a period of time 停放（车辆）
You can‟t park here. 这儿不能停车。
A red van was parked in front of the house. 屋子前停了一辆红色的货车。
n:
n. 1) [C] sth. bought at a price lower than usual 便宜货；廉价品
a bargain hunter 搜购廉价商品的人
The carpet is a bargain at 50 dollars. 地毯50美元一条，够便宜的。
2) [C] an agreement to do sth. in return for sth. else 协议；交易
The two parties made a bargain to cease fire. |双方达成了停火协议。
The two businessmen struck a bargain with each other. 两个生意人做成了一笔交易。
vi. talk about the conditions of a sale, agreement or contract 讨价还价；谈判
bargain over the terms of a lease 就租约的条款进行谈判
bargain with a sales rep for a used car 与销售代表就一辆旧车讨价还价
[扩展]bargain foron 企图廉价获取
Drive a hard bargain 杀价，迫使对方接受苛刻条件
y:
n. 1) [C] an organization for helping people who are poor, sick, etc.慈善机构
Money from the sale of these cards will go to local charities. 卖这些贺卡所得的钱将捐献给
地方慈善组织。
Many charities sent money to help the victims of the flood. 许多慈善机构寄款救济遭受水
灾的人们 。
2) [U] money or gifts given to help people who are poor, sick, etc. 施舍物；救济金
The old man was too proud to accept what he regarded as charity. 那个老人太要强了，不肯
接受他所认为的施舍。
They live on charity. 他们靠救济过日子。
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ive:
a. 1) expensive and not many people can afford to use or buy 奢华的；高级的
an exclusive restaurant 高级饭店
The tennis club has an exclusive membership. 这家网球俱乐部的成员都是些有钱人。
2) not shared with others 专用的；独享的
This room is for the exclusive use of guests. 这房间专供客人使用。
Singing is not her exclusive interest outside work; she does many other things as well. 唱歌不
是她工作之余唯一的爱好；她还有很多其他爱好。
n. [C] a piece of news that is published or reported by only one newspaper, magazine, etc. 独
家新闻；独家报道
The newspaper published an exclusive about the incident. 这家报纸刊登了有关那个事件的
独家新闻。
The Sun has had a number of useful exclusives.《太阳报》发表过几篇有用的独家新闻。
[短语]exclusive of 不计„在内
exclusive to 为…所独享，独有
: v. move about an area without a definite aim 漫游；闲逛
We wandered around for hours looking for the house. 我们转悠了好几个小时来寻找那座房
子。
We spent the morning wandering the old part of the city. 我们花了一个上午在老城区逛悠。
-hand: a. owned or used by sb. else before you 二手的；用过的
a second-hand car 二手车
I finally found the textbook I need in a second-hand book store. 我终于在二手书店找到了我
需要的那本教科书。
:
v. mix or combine（使）混合；（使） 掺和
Blend the eggs and milk together. 把鸡蛋和牛奶调在一起。
I tried to blend into the crowd, but I was obviously not dressed for the occasion. 我试图融入
人群，但很明显我的穿着不适合这种场合。
n. [C] the act of blending or sth. created by blending 混合；混合物
Which blend of coffee would you like? 你喜欢往咖啡里放些什么？
His manner is a blend of charm and politeness. 他的态度既有魅力又文雅。
: a. in a higher position; superior 较高的, 上面的
He already had a light growth of hair on his upper lip. 他上唇已经依稀长出胡须。
Most meteorites do not make it through the Earth's upper atmosphere. 大多数流星无法穿过
地球的大气层外层。
: n. [sing., U] the size or level of sth. 规模；大小；等级
The pay scale goes from $$8,000 to $$20,000. 薪金级别介于8,000至20,000美元之间。
My parents used to entertain friends on a large scale. 我父母过去常常举行大规模的宴会招
待朋友。
[扩展]on a …scale …规模地，在„规模上
In a few years, china will be able to produce camera recorders on a large scale.
几年后，中国就可以大批量生产摄影机了。
Scale down 缩减
-scale: a. high class 上流的；高级的
an upper- scale men‟s wear shop 高档男装商店
He often dines with friends at upper-scale restaurants. 他常常和朋友在高档饭店吃饭。
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oom: n. [C] a large room in a school or office where people can eat 餐厅；食堂
The meals at the school lunchroom don't look appealing. 学校餐厅的饭菜看上去不吸引人。
He seldom takes a meal at the company lunch- room. |他很少在公司餐厅用餐。
: n. [U] 身份证明；身份证
We were asked to show our ID before the guards let us in. 保安在让我们进去前要求我们出
示身份证。
You can book a ticket in advance at the box office only with your ID. 只有用身份证才能提
前在售票处订票。
rage:
vt. 1) try to prevent sth. from happening 阻止；劝阻
Parents should discourage smoking. 父母应当设法制止吸烟。
What discourages me from going camping is the rain! 阻止我去露营的就是这场雨！
2) make sb. less confident or less willing to do sth. 使泄气；使灰心
The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her. 一想到要干那么多的活儿，
她就心灰意冷。
Don‟t discourage her; she‟s doing her best. 别给她泼冷水，她正竭尽全力呢。
[扩展]discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止，使却步，使不敢做某事
discouragement n. 气馁；挫折；劝阻
encourage v. 鼓励
[辨析]dissuade sb. from doing sth. 劝止，说服使不做
distract sb. from sth. 分散或转移某人注意力，把某人注意力引开
discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止，使却步，使不敢做某事
: n. [U] the act of entering a place 进入
The thieves had forced an entry into the building. 窃贼强行进入了那幢建筑物。
The actress‟entry into the world of political affairs surprised most people. 那位女演员进入政
界使许多人都大为吃惊。
-scale: a. at the lower end of a scale; inferior 低档的；劣等的
down-scale clothing 低档服装
The discount stores caters mainly to down- scale customers. 减价商店主要满足中低收入的
顾客。
g: n. [C] the place where sth. is or where sth. happens, and the general environment 环
境；背景
We should seek more formal settings for the party. 我们应该找个更正式的环境聚会。
In beautifully landscaped settings, this unique zoo is great fun for all the family. 这个独 特
的动物园环境优美，对全家人来说都十分有意思。
: vt. make fun of sb. in a friendly way 开玩笑；戏弄
She was continuously ribbed about her accent. 她常因口音受别人取笑。
His brothers ribbed him about his new girlfriend. 他的兄弟们因他交上了新的女朋友 而
跟他开玩笑。
e:
vt. 1) copy the way sb. behaves, speaks, moves, etc. 模仿；效仿
He‟s very clever at imitating his friends. 他很善于模仿朋友们的讲话和动作。
Some of the young men try to imitate their musical heroes from the past. 一些年轻男子 试
图模仿他们心中昔日的乐坛偶像。
2) copy sth. 仿制；仿造
They produce man-made chemicals which exactly imitate particular natural ones. 他们 生
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产的人造化学制品完全仿照某些天然物质。
He imitated the works of Picasso. 他临摹了毕加索的作品。
:
a. 1) speaking or behaving in an impolite way 无礼的；粗鲁的
It‟s rude not to say “Thank you” when you are given something. 别人给你东西时不说
“谢谢”是不礼貌的。
He‟s got no manners; he‟s rude to everyone. 他没有礼貌，对每个人都很粗鲁。
2) made or designed in a simple way 简陋的
We built a rude shelter from rocks on the beach. 我们用海滩上的岩石搭建了一个简 陋的栖
身之所。
These are rude stone tools. 这是些粗糙的石制工具。
any:
vt. 1) happen or exist at the same time as sth. else 伴随；和...一起发生
It had strong winds accompanied by heavy rain. 那天暴风骤雨。
Fever is almost always accompanied by cough. 发烧时几乎总会有咳嗽的症状。
2) go somewhere with sb. 陪伴；陪同
Would you like me to accompany you to the company? 您想让我陪您去公司吗？
He was accompanied on the trip by his wife. 他那次旅行有妻子随行。
l:
n. 1) [C, U] the act of getting rid of sth. 消除；清除
He has recovered form the removal of a tumor. 肿瘤切除手术后，他已康复了。
After the removal of the soup, fish was served. 汤撤下去后，鱼端了上来。
2) [C, U] the act of moving sth. to a different place 移动；搬迁
our removal to London 我们搬往伦敦
He runs a removal company. 他经营一家搬家公司。
[扩展]remove vt. 移开，挪走；去掉，消除
[辨析]remove, move, strip
remove 的内涵较窄，仅指从某处移走不要的东西，即“挪去”；
move 泛指把某物从一处移到另一处；
strip 指“剥掉”衣服等
: n. [U] polite and pleasant behavior 礼貌；风度
Joanna has natural grace and elegance. 乔安娜具有一种天生的高雅气质。
The Queen always speaks to the public with grace and dignity. 女王和公众讲话时总是 维
持着高贵端庄的仪态。
[扩展]with good grace 欣然地
graceful a. 优雅的；优美的；得体的
a graceful dancer 优美的舞者
a graceful letter of thanks 得体的谢函
:
n. 1) [C] a picture or shape that represents sth. 象征；标志
The lion is the symbol of courage. 狮子是勇敢的象征。
The heart shape is a symbol of love. 心的形状象征着爱。
2) [C] a mark or sign with a particular meaning 记号；符号
You see the symbol on this label? Does that mean I have to hand-wash this shirt? 你看 到标签
上的图标了吗？那是不是说这件衬衫只能手洗？
[扩展]symbolize v.象征；为„的符号
26

symbolic a. 符号的；象征的
symbolism n.象征主义
nt: a. existing as a natural quality 固有的；与生俱来的
There is an inherent weakness in the design. 这个设计有其固有的弱点。
There are dangers inherent in almost every sport. 每种运动都有其危险性。
y:
n. 1) [U] the ability to behave in a calm way even in a difficult situation 端庄；体 面
She kept her dignity in spite of the laughing. 尽管人们讥笑她，可她仍然表现得体面 端
庄。
She has a quiet dignity about her. 她身上有一种娴静的高贵气质。
2) [U] the fact of being respected or deserving respect 尊严
How could you say that? Have you no dignity? 你怎么能说这样的话？你就没有自尊 心
吗？
She has lost everything but her dignity. 她失去了所有东西，但她没有丢失自己的尊
严。
cuous: a. easy to notice 显著的；明显的
If you‟re walking along the dark road at night you should wear conspicuous clothes. 如 果
你晚上在黑暗的街道上行走，就应该穿醒目的衣服。
He tried not to be conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room. 他沿着房 间
后面慢慢移动，尽量不让自己引起注意。
cuously: ad. noticeably 显著地；明显地
The red flag rose conspicuously over the beautiful city. 红旗十分醒目地在这座美丽的 城
市上空飘扬。
He is conspicuously not present in the meeting. 会议他缺席了，这太引人注目了。
al:
a. 1) inside sth. 内部的
We are holding an internal inquiry to find out who is responsible. 我们正在进行内部 调查以
查明谁该负责。
The internal record indicates that there had been concern about safety before the accident.
内部记录表明，在事故发生前就已有了安全方面的担心。
2) within a particular country国内的；本国的
internal trade 国内贸易
It is not certain whether a meeting would solve the internal conflict. 一次会议是否能 解决这
一内部冲突，值得怀疑。
alize: vt. make a particular belief, attitude, etc. become part of one‟s character 使 内 在
化
He had not expected the people to internalize the values of equal rights so readily. 他没 有
料到人民这么快就接受了权力平等的价值观念。
It is proved that present-day children easily internalize violent behavior through social
learning. 事实证明现在的孩子由于受社会的影响很容易产生暴力行为。
icial:
a. 1) not thinking about serious or important things; shallow 肤浅的；浅薄的
You have only a superficial knowledge of the subject. 你对该学科只有粗浅的了解。
I only have a superficial knowledge of French. 我对法语只懂些皮毛。
2) of or on the surface 表面的
The driver only got superficial cuts. 司机只是受了点外伤。
27

There are superficial similarities between the two cars, but actually they‟re quite different.
从表面上看两辆车差不多，但实际上差别很大。
l: vi. exist among a group of people at a certain time 盛行；流行
The use of horses still prevails among the poorer farmers. 贫穷的农民仍然普遍用马代 步
和运输东西。
This is a strange custom that still prevails. 这个奇怪风俗仍然盛行。
[扩展]prevail among 在„中很流行
prevail against 胜过，战胜
prevail against a person 胜过某人
prevail over 压倒，战胜
We prevailed over our enemies. 我们胜过敌人
prevail onupon 说服，经（敦促）使得（语气比persuade重）
the committee hoped to prevail on them to endorse the proposal. 委员会希望说
服他们支持这项提案。
gue:
vt. make a complete list of all the things in a group 把...编入目录
Many rare plants have not yet been catalogued. 许多珍稀植物还未被归类。
This report is the first effort to catalogue the effects of smoking. 这份报告试图首次对 吸
烟所造成的影响进行归纳。
n. [C] a complete list of things 目录
a library catalogue 图书馆目录
tedly: ad. without doubt; certainly 确实地；无疑地
The painting is undoubtedly authentic. 这幅画无疑是真迹。
It is undoubtedly the best French film this year. 毫无疑问，这是本年度最好的法国影
片。
ogist: n. [C] a person who specializes in the study of sociology 研究社会学的人； 社
会学家
She is a prominent sociologist. 她是位著名的社会学家。
Sociologists disagree about whether sociology is a science or not. 社会学家们对于社 会学是
否是一门科学有争议。
to great lengths: make a great deal of effort to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
Some people go to great lengths to make their homes attractive. 有些人千方百计把他们的家
布置得很吸引人。
They went to great lengths to keep the affair secret. 他们竭尽全力为这事保密。
sides : support sb. and not others 支持某人；偏袒一方
He has never dared to take sides against his superior. 他从未敢反对他的上级。
Jim always takes sides with Alice. 吉姆总是站在爱丽丝那边。
out: express ones thoughts or feelings through words or behavior 将（思想或情感） 表
达出来
They acted out their frustration. 他们用行动来发泄受挫失望的情绪。
Children‟s strong feelings often get acted out in bad behavior. 孩子们的强烈情感经常 通
过不良行为表现出来。
of: show that sth. exists or is true 表明；意味着
Her behavior speaks of suffering bravely borne. 她的行为反映了她勇敢承受着痛苦。
The whole robbery spoke of inside knowledge on the part of the criminals. 整个抢劫案 表
明罪犯掌握了内情。
28

off: drive sb. away from a place 使离开
The shop owner turned off the old beggar. 店主赶走了老乞丐。
The crowd was turned off by the police. 警察赶走了人群。
out: stop listening or paying attention 不理会；不理睬
The children tuned out their mother's commands. 孩子们不理会母亲的吩咐。
She tuned out after I said no extra money was involved. 在我说了之外再没有钱后，她 就
不想听了。
to: well or good enough to do sth. 能适合的；能胜任的
I don‟t feel up to going to work today. 我今天身体不舒服，不能去上班。
He wants to compete at an international level, but I don‟t think he‟s up to it. 他想参加 国际水
准的竞争，但我认为他还不到那个水平。
or less: almost 几乎；差不多
I‟ve more or less finished reading this book. 我差不多快读完这本书了。
The project was more or less a success. 这项计划大体上是成功的。
one’s track: go after sb. or sth. 跟着；跟踪
We followed his tracks through the snow. 我们顺着他的足印在雪地里前进。
The hunters followed the tracks of the animal for hours. 猎人循着动物的脚印追了几 个小
时。
from: except for; besides 除了；除...之外
I hardly know anyone in the city apart from a few of my schoolmates. 除了几个同学之
外，在这个城市我几乎不认识任何人。
He is also interested in classical music apart from pop music. 他对流行音乐感兴趣，对 古
典音乐也感兴趣。
one’s cover: tell people who sb. really is 揭露；揭某人的老底
The enemy‟s cover was blown. 敌人的掩护身份暴露了。
I was pretending to be her sister until she blew my cover. 直到她揭露真相，我一直在 假
装是她的姐姐。
of character: not typical of sb.‟s usual behavior 与某人个性不相符
Her behavior last night was quite out of character. 昨晚她的举止颇有点反常。
I can‟t believe he would have quarreled—it seems so out of character. 我不相信他会吵 架
──这太不像他了。
of bounds: (of a place) not allowing sb. to go there 禁止进入的
Bars are out of bounds to minors. 未成年人禁止进入酒吧。
The school canteen is out of bounds for outsiders. 校外人员禁止在学校食堂用餐。
2. Paragraph Meaning
Para. 1: Because of the standard criticism of sociological research, the author wants to
describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate it.
Para. 2: My friend and I went downtown to shop wearing untidy and inappropriate clothes
Para. 3: The aim of wearing like that was to look like street people and to observe what
difference that made in the way other people responded to us, and it turned out there
was no need for dramatics.
Para. 4: They went to different places, such as bargain store, a large hotel and a second-hand
shop, etc.
Paras.5-6: It was prejudice time.
Para. 7: We learnt through our experiment that people judge by appearances.
Para. 8: There was, however, one surprise-more accurately, a shock.
29

Para. 9: We found ourselves accepting and internalizing the prejudiced judgments of
ourselves, which was a good lesson to learn for sociologists.

1. Language Points
1. A standard criticism of sociological research is that it goes to great lengths to prove what
most people with common sense already know. (Para. 1)
Meaning: People normally criticize sociological research for trying too hard to show a fact that
is already known to most people with common sense.
2. Without exactly taking sides for or against that criticism... (Para. 1)
Meaning: Not showing one's support or one's opposition to a particular criticism...
3. ... I want to describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate it... (Para. 1)
Meaning: ... I want to describe a sociological experiment that might seem to prove it...
4. ... the experience made a common claim come alive. (Para. 1)
Meaning: ... the experience is a vivid example of a common claim.
5. We carried plastic bags of nameless possessions. (Para. 2)
Meaning: We carried plastic bags which contained things of little value.
6. I wore a wool hat that concealed my hair and an unfashionable coat and glasses with
sunshades that clipped on. (Para. 2)
Meaning: I wore a wool hat that hid my hair from view and a coat not in fashion and eyeglasses
with sunshades attached.
7. The aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the way
other people responded to us... (Para. 3)
Meaning: The aim was to look like people who live on the streets (i.e., homeless people) and
see how people reacted to us...
8. ... whether the appearance of poverty would invite prejudice on us. (Para. 3)
Meaning: ... whether the fact that we looked poor would make people have prejudice against us.
9. We were also prepared to act out some mildly unusual behaviors that might speak of some
emotional problems... (Para. 3)
Meaning: We also got ready to do some slightly unusual deeds to show that we might have
some emotional problems...
10. As it turned out, there was no need for dramatics... (Para. 3)
Meaning: As it happened, there was no need for behavior that shows too much emotion...
11. ... people turned us off or tuned us out on the basis of appearance alone. (Para. 3)
Meaning: ... people drove us away or ignored us simply because of our appearance.
12. ... in the bargain store of a local charity, where we politely asked access to a bathroom
and were refused. (Para. 4)
Meaning: ... in a local charity store which offers goods at a lower price. There we politely
asked to use a bathroom but were refused.
Note that Charity is a billion- dollar business in developed countries. It is the short form for
charitable trust, foundation or corporation set up entirely for charitable purposes. These are set
up for specific purposes, such as curing diseases, providing goods or services for people or
areas that lack them, nature conservation, and many others. In most developed countries a
charitable organization needs, by law, to register with the government. This is to reduce the
possibilities of fraud and increase the opportunities for charities to receive tax breaks.
13. We weren't up to trying our act at an exclusive restaurant, so we wandered around the
first floor and left. (Para. 4)
30

Meaning: We were not prepared to act out our unusual behavior at an expensive restaurant, so
we walked around the first floor and then left.
14. ... where we more or less blended with the customers... (Para. 4)
Meaning: ... where we almost mixed with the customers...
15. It was prejudice time. (Para. 5)
Meaning: During all this time we suffered from a lot of prejudice.
16. Clerks in stores followed our track to watch our every move. (Para. 5) Meaning: The
people who worked in the stores followed us and watched every movement we made.
17. ... it seemed worth that price to have us out the door. (Para. 5)
Meaning: ... it seemed worth $$2 to get us out of the door.
18. At one doorway, a clerk physically blocked the entrance apparently to discourage our
entry. (Para. 5)
Meaning: A shop assistant stood in one doorway, obviously to stop us from getting in.
19. ... apart from wearing down- scale clothing, we did nothing in any of these settings to
draw attention to ourselves... (Para. 6)
Meaning: ... except for the cheap clothing we wore, we did nothing in any of these situations
to get people to notice us...
20. At one establishment we did blow our cover... (Para. 6)
Meaning: At one shop, we did reveal our true identity to others...
21. ... that may have been too far out of character for ... that
behavior may have gone beyond what bag ladies normally do.
22. Elsewhere we encountered ribbing, imitating, lack of trust, and rude stares. (Para. 6)
Meaning: In other places we met people making fun of us, copying our manners, not trusting
us, and staring at us in a rude way.
23. Just looking poor brings with it prejudice, accompanied by removal of much of the social
grace most of us take for granted. (Para. 7)
Meaning: The appearance of poverty alone brings with it prejudice, together with the loss of
good manners that most of us think we should be treated with.
24. Lacking the culturally acceptable symbols of belonging in this setting, we became, to a
degree, objects, with less inherent dignity as persons. (Para. 7)
Meaning: Because we didn‟t show what is acceptable behavior in this cultural setting, we were
regarded, to some extent, as objects rather than people deserving respect.
Notice that when “belong” is followed by “in”, it means “be in the right place or situation”. In
this sense it is different from “belong to”. For example: Wild animals don‟t belong in a zoo. 野
生动物不应该在动物园里。The car belongs to the woman next door. 这辆车是隔壁那位女
士的。
25. ... where a clerk conspicuously positioned herself in the entrance on seeing us. (Para. 8)
Meaning: ... where a shop assistant stood in the entrance in an obvious manner to stop us from
entering when she saw us.
26. The place felt out of bounds for us. (Para. 9)
Meaning: We felt that we were not allowed to go into the place.
27. ... internalizing the superficial and prejudiced judgments of ourselves...
(Para. 9)
Meaning: ... gradually accepting the shallow and prejudiced judgments of ourselves...
28. ... prevailed among the people we met... (Para. 9)
Meaning: ... was widespread among the people we met...
31

29. ... we catalogued ourselves. (Para. 9)
Meaning: ...we put ourselves into certain groups or categories.
30. Undoubtedly, it's a good lesson to learn, maybe especially for sociologists.
(Para. 9)
Meaning: There is no doubt that people can learn something from our experiment, especially
sociologists.

2.
Summary or Main Idea of the Passage.
i. Student’s Presentation
（T asks 2-3 students to make presentation.）
ii. Teacher’s Summary
On the purpose of validating the standard criticism of sociological research, the author
and a classmate conducted an experiment. They wore inappropriate clothes and acted or
some unusual behaviors that might speak of some emotional problems. And finally, they not
only learnt people judged them by appearances but also found they themselves accepting and
internalizing the prejudiced judgments.
V. New Words Dictation
Section A
1. elegant
6. reserve
11. critic
re
Section B
1. tidy
6. bargain

l

2. application
7. convey

ive
2. conceal
7. wander
any
sides
3. substitute
8. specific
tive
r
3. poverty
8. scale

of
4. professional

sive

4. mild
9. discourage
nt
from
5. approval
y
s

5. emotional
e
al
out
VI. After-text B Exercises
1. Vocabulary: Students are asked to master the key words and phrases.
32

VII. Supplementary Exercises
i. English-Chinese Translation
has a degree in sociology and political science.
2. It is undoubtedly the best French film this year.
3. I‟ve more or less finished reading this book.
4. These are rude stone tools.
5. She was continuously ribbed about her accent.
ii. Chinese-English Translation
1. 有些人千方百计把他 们的家布置得很吸引人。
2. 敌人的掩护身份暴露了。
3. 我今天身体不舒服，不能去上班。
4. 除了几个同学之 外，在这个城市我几乎不认识任何人。
5. 未成年人禁止进入酒吧。
6. 他们用行动来发泄受挫失望的情绪。
7. 贫病交加，她被折磨倒了。
8. 屋子前停了一辆红色的货车。
9. 孩子们不理会母亲的吩咐。
10. 那天暴风骤雨。
iii. Complete the Following Sentences in English
1. She‟s beginning to (开始有皱纹) around her eyes.
2. (她呆在遮阳伞下面),when others were swimming in the sea.
3. I was pretending to be her sister until (她揭露真相).
4. The Queen always speaks to the public (维持着高贵端庄的仪态).
5. Her behavior last night was (颇有点反常).

VIII. Assignments
1. Hand in the exercise of ……. ….
2. Finish the other after-text A & B exercises after class.
3. Supplementary Exercises
i. English-Chinese Translation （5 sentences）
ii. Chinese-English Translation （10 sentences）
iii. Complete the Following Sentences in English
4. Preview Unit 7
33

附：
Keys for Supplementary Exercises

i. English- Chinese Translation

1. 她拥有社会学和政治学的学位。
2. 毫无疑问，这是本年度最好的法国影片。
3. 我差不多快读完这本书了。
4. 这是些粗糙的石制工具。
5. 她常因口音受别人取笑。
ii. Chinese-English Translation
1. Some people go to great lengths to make their homes attractive.
2. The enemy‟s cover was blown.
3. I don‟t feel up to going to work today.
4. I hardly know anyone in the city apart from a few of my schoolmates.
5. Bars are out of bounds to minors.
6. They acted out their frustration.
7. She had been worn down by poverty and illness.
8. A red van was parked in front of the house.
9. The children tuned out their mother's commands.
10. It had strong winds accompanied by heavy rain.
iii. Complete the Following Sentences in English
1. get wrinkles
2. She stayed under the sunshade
3. she blew my cover
4. with grace and dignity
5. quite out of character


34

Teaching Plan for Unit 6
Course: College English
Instructor
Time

180 m
Module
Teaching Aids
Unit 6
A As His Name Is, So Is He!

B Judge by Appearances
Multi-media
Teaching
Objectives

1. To help the students have a good understanding of the passages in this
unit；
2. To help the students grasp the usages of some important words, phrases
and expressions in the unit；
3. To enable the students to analyze the structure of the 2 passages in this
unit；
4. To introduce the basic reading skills of this unit：scanning
5. To help the students master how to develop a paragraph by comparison；

1. Get the main idea of the passage.
Chief Points &
2. Master some useful expressions & sentence structures in the passage.
Difficult Points
3. Understand the structure of the text.
Before coming for class, students should
1. identify some important words for the topic.
Prerequisites
2. scan the text for main ideas.
visit library to research about information concerning this unit.
Teaching
Methods
The mixture of listening, speaking, reading, practicing and writing
Teacher‟s Book of New Horizon College English
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (English-Chinese)
Reference Books
Oxford Advanced Learner‟s English-Chinese Dictionary
Longman Dictionary of American English
1

Teaching Contents
Section A
I. Warm-up Activity
1. Topic Discussion
i. Student‟s Discussion
ii. Teacher‟s Summary
2. Questions on the Topic and the Passage
II. Background Information
III. Text Structure Analysis
IV. Structured Writing
V. Detailed Study of the Text
i. Words and Phrases Study
ii. Language Points
VI. Text Summary
1. Student‟s Presentation
2. Teacher‟s Summary
VII. After-text A Exercises

Section B
I. Reading Skill
II. Warm-up Activity
1. Topic Discussion
2. Questions on the topic and the Passage
III. Text Structure Analysis
IV. Text Study
1. Words and Phrases Study
2. Paragraph Meaning
3. Language Points
4. Summary
i. Student‟s Presentation
ii. Teacher‟s Summary
V. New Words Dictation
VI. After-text B Exercises
VII. Supplementary exercises

Time Allotment



15 m




5 m
10 m
5 m
50 m


5 m


30 m


5 m
10 m


5 m
20 m






5 m
15 m
Assignments
1. Hand in the exercise of TRANSLATION.
2. Finish the other after-text A & B exercises after class.
3. Supplementary Exercises
i. English-Chinese Translation （5 sentences）
ii. Chinese-English Translation （10 sentences）
4. Preview Unit 7

2

Section A
As His Name Is, So Is He!
I. Warm-up Activity

1. Topic Discussion
i. Student's Discussion
1) What do most people base their selection of a name on?
Meaning, tradition, or parents‟ wishes for their child.
2) Do you think a person’s name is important? Why or Why not?
(Open-ended.)
ii. Teacher's Summary
Some people, as you know, believe a person‟s name will have an effect on his or her
career, success or future life, and they think how a person looks just has similar effects. After
we have finished reading the texts, we will find more in this respect.
2. Questions on the Topic and the Passage:
l) How did Debbie fell about her first name and why?
She didn‟t like her first name because it didn‟t suit her good looks and elegant manner,
and it made her think she should be a cook.
2) What did the writer think of Debbie’s name change?
The writer thinks that the name change didn‟t cause Debbie‟s professional achievement,
but it surely helped by making her feel more self-confident about her talents.
3) Why did the writer say that we were all guilty of name stereotyping to some
extent?
We often project name-based stereotypes onto people. For example, one of the writer‟s
women friends confessed that while taking charge of a group of four-year-olds at the
nursery school, she became confused by their personalities because of their names.
4) How can name-based prejudices affect classroom achievement?
One study showed that teachers gave lower grades to essays written by boys with less
appealing names than they awarded to the same papers by boys with better- sounding
names.
5) According to the writer, what can you do if your name doesn’t seem to fit you?
If you are determined enough, you can change your name.

II. Background Information
1. Names
Names often have some stereotyped associations in a particular culture. To learn more
about the history of personal names of European origin, check out the website at
http:. You can also take a look at
http:, a website devoted to the etymology and history of first names of
European origin. The site offers information concerning language origins, elements of names,
meanings, namesakes and many other subtopics. For some (recent) statistics on the
distribution of personal names in the US, check out
http:nealogynameesnames_.
See the following for some names and their meaning and origin:
Debbie (f.): generous, understanding, honest, creative, intense. It is a shortened form of
Deborah, originally from a Hebrew name for a woman described in the Old Testament.
3

2.
3.
4.
5.
Lynne (f.): sensitive, deeply creative or artistic, intense, a nature-lover. It derives from the
Welsh, meaning “lake”, and from the shortened form of Linda (Spanish), or Belinda (Italian),
both meaning “beautiful”.
Webster (m.): original, inventive, friendly, positive, outspoken, a procrastinator. It derives
from the Old English, meaning “weaver”.
Joe (m.): spontaneous, social, easy-going, warm, generous, lacking in initiative. It is a short
form Joseph, originally from a Hebrew name of a well-known character in the Old
Testament.
Carol (f.): quiet, practical, clever, creative, inventive, moody. It is an English form of
Carolus, meaning “song”, which used to be also a masculine name, but now it is girls only.
The bible is the holy book of the Christians, consisting of the Old Testament and the New
Testament. To learn about the origin and formation of the Bible, check out the websites at
http:bible and http:. The former also offers
information concerning its interpretation and authority and tells how these are affected by our
worldly views at any particular time in history. Each of these topics is illustrated with online
videos. More comprehensive information about the Bible can be found at
http:.
San Diego is a port city in the southwest of California. The website
http: is the official travel resource for the San Diego region.
This site showcases various offerings of the area, including recreation, arts and culture,
business, and such world-renowned theme park attractions as the San Diego zoo, Sea World,
and Legoland.
Georgia State University, founded in 1913, is located in the heart of downtown Atlanta,
Georgia, USA. The university has an enrollment of more than 27,000 undergraduate and
graduate students in six colleges, Georgia State University is the second largest university in
the state of Georgia, with students coming from every state in the US and from over 145
countries. For more information about the university, visit http:.
Temple University is a comprehensive public research university with more than 34,000
students. It has a distinguished faculty in 17 schools and colleges, including the university‟s
renowned Health Sciences Center. The university is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
USA, and has two international campuses in Japan and Italy. According to its official website
http:, Temple University is the 26
th
largest university in the United States, and it
is one of the largest providers of professional education (law, dentistry, medicine, pharmacy,
and podiatric medicine) in the United States.
Ⅲ.Text Structure Analysis
The reading passage argues the point that throughout history, names have not merely
identified people but also described them. The argument is supported with quotations from the
Bible, Webster‟s Dictionary and with other examples. The whole text can be roughly divided
into four parts.
Part One is made up of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2. These two paragraphs, as a whole,
give examples of how names have an effect on people‟s life. Paragraph 1 presents a situation
and its problem—a woman called Debbie felt that her name did not suit her and made her
sound as if she were a cook. Paragraph 2 describes how she solved the problem—she changed
her name when applying for a new job. The new name Lynne made her feel better and help
lead to her career success.
4

Part Two is just Paragraph 3. The writer describes something in detail in the first two
paragraphs and this leads to a general statement. The general statement is that throughout
history, names have not merely identified people but also described them. In this paragraph, the
writer supports his general statement with both quotations from the Bible and definitions from
Webster‟s Dictionary. Name is not only used to indicate a person, but more importantly, it is
associated with the behavior and description of the person.
Part Three consists of four paragraphs, from Paragraph 4 to Paragraph 7 each paragraph
with an argument to support the general statement in Paragraph3. Paragraph 4 presents the first
argument that names have become attached to specific images. The writer‟s own experience of
having his articles published is an example in case. Paragraph 5 offers the second argument:
those names with a positive sense can work for you and even encourage new acquaintances. A
specific example is given about how a woman refused to meet a man just for the man‟s name.
Paragraph 6 states the third argument that most of us have some prejudiced notions about
names and become involved in names stereotyping. Here there are some more examples to
show that we project name-based stereotypes on people. Paragraph 7 presents the four
arguments that people‟s names are related to their achievement or behavior. Good names are
associated with better classroom achievement and a greater degree of popularity among one‟s
peers.
IV. Structured Writing
A Paragraph of comparison
The writer of this reading passage tries to convince the readers of the statement “As his
name is, so is he.” To prove it, many comparisons have been made to help bring out the point.
Now let‟s make an analysis of the first part of Paragraph 7 while leaving the second part of that
paragraph for you to analyze by yourself.
The first part of Para. 7
Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well. In a study conducted
by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University, and John Mc David of Georgia boys named
Elmer and Hubert than they awarded to the same papers when the writers‟ name were given as
Michael and David.
Analysis:
Point of view: Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well.
Comparison: The same papers were presented with different names.
1. Essays apparently written by boys name Elmer and Hubert.
2. The same papers with the writers‟ names given as Michael and David.
Comparison result: Teachers gave consistently lower grades to papers with names such as
Elmer and Hubert than to those with names like Michael and David.
Turn to page 142 and do exercise XIII.
V. Detailed Study of the Text

Words & Phrases Study
1. elegant adj. beautiful, attractive, or graceful 优雅的；文雅的
elegant manners 文雅的举止
an elegant person 举止优雅的人
The lady is elegant in her manners and her speech. 那女士举止言谈优雅得体。
May I say how elegant you look with this necktie? 我想说您戴这领带真潇洒。
2. application n.
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1) [U, C] official request申请，请求
Free information will be sent out on application to the office. 可向公司函索免费资料。
I've sent off applications for four different jobs. 我已对四份不同的工作寄出了求职信。
2) [U, C] act of putting a theory, discovery, etc. to practical use应用，使用，运用
Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom. 学
生们学着把他们在课堂上所学的理论知识应用到实际中去。
In my business I use word processing applications. 在我的业务上，我使用文字处理应用程
序。
The design has many applications. 这项设计有很多用途。
[扩展] apply for 申请
apply to 应用
3. impulsively adv. without thinking about the possible results of what one is dong 冲动地
These children tend to behave impulsively. 这些孩子的行为往往很冲动。
His early training was in the sciences and he never acts impulsively in his work. 他早期受过
理科方面的训练， 因此在工作中他从不冲动。
[扩展] impulsive
adj.
(指人或人的行为)冲动的, 易冲动的
pulse n. 脉搏; 脉冲
impulse n . ①凭冲动行事, 突如其来的念头：He felt an irresistible impulse to rush
into the room. 他有一种难以抗拒的冲动想冲进房间。② 推动, 冲力, 刺激, 推动
力:The plan will give an impulse to industrial expansion.这个计划将促进工业的扩
展。
4. substitute
1) vt. put or use sb. sth. to replace sb. sth. else 代替，替换，代用
We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. 我们得用新椅子代替这把破椅子。
Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the match. 下半场比赛由戴顿换
下了威廉。
2) vi. act or serve as a replacement 代替，代用
Can you substitute for me at the meeting? 你能代替我去开会吗？
Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. 在这种烹饪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。
3) n. [C] person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb. or sth. else 代理人，代替的人，
代用品，代用物
The manager was unable to attend but sent his secretary as a substitute. 经理不能出席，但派
了他的秘书代替他出席。
The teacher's ill, so a substitute is teaching today. 那位教师生病了，因此今天由一位代课
教师在上课。
[扩展] change for ①转车去„:We must change at the next station for Chicago.我们得在下
一站换车去芝加哥。②好转〔恶化〕:I hope the weather will soon change for the better.
我希望天气很快好转。③(把„)换成, (以„)交换:I'd like to change this dress for one
in a larger size.我想把这件衣服换成大号的。
trade for 用…换…: He traded his watch for Ade's basketball.他用手表来换艾德的篮
球。
replace with 用…代替: We've replaced the old machine with a computer.我们用电脑取
代了那台旧机器。
5. professional adj. relating to a job that needs special education and training 职业的；专业的
A lawyer or a doctor is a professional man. 律师或医生是专业人员。
Sometimes an amateur can perform as well or better than a professional. 有时候业余人员的
6

表现与专业人员的同样好， 甚至比专业人员的更好。
[扩展] profession 职业，自由职业
occupation 工作，职业
career 职业，生涯，事业
6. naturally adv.
1) of course; as might be expected 当然，预料中地
Naturally, as a beginner I'm not a very good driver yet.当然，作为初学者，我还不是一个好
驾驶员。
你给她回信了吗？当然啰！
2) by nature 天性，天生
He's naturally funny; he doesn't even have to try. 他天生滑稽可笑，根本用不着刻意做作。
Dancing seemed to come naturally to her. 看来她生来就会跳舞。
7. confidence n.
1) [U] feeling of certainty; trust in one's own ability 信心，自信
He answered the questions with confidence. 他很自信地回答了问题。
She lacks confidence. I've never known anyone so shy and unsure of themselves. 她缺少自
信。我从未见过如此胆怯和对自己没有信心的人。
2) [U] trust (in sb., in sb.'s ability, or in what is said, reported, etc.) 信赖，信任，相信
Don't put too much confidence in what the papers say. 不要过分相信报纸上所说的。
I have every confidence in her. She'll be perfect for the job. 我对她充满信心。她干这项工
作完全合适。
8. self-confidence n. [U] trust in oneself; trust in one's own abilities 自信
He had the self-confidence to argue with the self-styled authority. 他有信心去和那个自称为
权威的人进行辩论 。
Self- confidence and self-reliance are the mainstay of a strong character. 自信加自强，强者之
脊梁。
9. talent n.
1) [C, U] (a) special natural or learned ability or skill, esp. of a high quality 天才，才能
Alice has a talent for language. 爱丽丝有语言天才。
This sort of work calls for special talents. 做这种工作要求有特殊的才干。
Her talent for music showed at an early age. 她小时候就表现出了音乐方面的天赋。
2. [U] people who have (a) talent 有才干的人，人才
This reflects the important role secondary schools play in the nurturing of talent. 这反映了
中学教学在造就人才方面的重要性。
We're always looking for new talent. 我们总是在寻觅新的人才。
Promising talent is hard to find. 很难找到有发展前途的人才。
10. bible n.
1) [U] [B-] 《圣经》
In the Bible it says that Adam and Eve were the first human beings. 《圣经》上说，亚当和
夏娃是最初的人类。
He studies the Bible every day. 他每天都在研究《圣经》。
2) [C] any official book supported by authorities 得到权威支持的典籍
the stamp-collector's bible 集邮者大典
This magazine quickly became the bible of fashionable women. 这本杂志很快就成为时髦
妇女的圣经。
11. definition n. [U,C] statement that gives the exact meaning (of words, etc); stating the exact
7

meaning (of words, etc.) 定义，释义
In this dictionary, definitions have been written using words from a specially chosen list. 在
这本字典里，释义中用的单词是经过特别挑选的。
Leibnitz came along and turned Newton's definition upside down. 莱布尼茨把牛顿的定义
颠倒了过来。
In this dictionary, definitions have been written using words from a specially chosen list. 在
这本字典里，释义中用的单词是经过特别挑选的。
[扩展] define: v. 精确地解释; 界定：定义
12. characteristic
1) adj. representative 特有的，独特的
Such honesty is characteristic of him. 这种诚实是他的典型作风。
With the friendly and generous care so characteristic of these people, they opened their house
to over fifty guests. 这些人由于本性乐善好施，在家里接待了五十多个客人。
Rainy days are characteristic of June. 六月的特点是雨天多。
2) n. [C] special quality 特点，特征
Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. 基因决定了每一种生物的特征。
What characteristics separate Americans from Canadians? 美国人和加拿大人的性格特点
有什么不同？
13. approval n.
1) [U] feeling or showing or saying that one thinks sth. is good or satisfactory赞成，同意，批
准，认可
nod one‟s approval nod in approval 点头表示同意
The father expressed approval of what the son did. 父亲对儿子的所作所为表示赞许。
We hope this action will meet with your approval. 我们希望这一行动能得到您的同意。
Do the plans meet with your approval? 你赞成这些计划吗？
Sam always tried hard to win his father's approval.萨姆总是想尽办法去获得父亲的同意。
2) [U] official permission 批准； 认可
Amendment to flood control planning should be subject to the approval from the original
approval organ. 修改防洪规划，应当报经原批准机关批准。
The president‟s approval of the deal was vital. 总统的批准对这份协议是至关重要的。
I need the approval of the government to travel abroad. 我需要获得政府的批准才能去国
外旅游。
[扩展] approve ① vt. & vi.赞成, 同意She thought for a moment and then approved.她想了
一会儿, 也就同意了。②vt.批准, 通过The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了
该建筑计划。
14. disapproval n. [U] feeling that sth. or sb. is bad or wrong, etc. 反对，不赞成
Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval. 虽然他们没说什么，她感觉得
到他们不赞成。
He expressed his disapproval of what they had done. 他表示对他们的所作所为不以为然。
She made no secret of her disapproval of what we had done. 她对我们所做的事毫不掩饰地
表示不赞成。
[扩展]disapprove: v. (of) opposite to “approve”; have a bad opinion (of sb. or sth. ) esp. for
moral reasons 反对，不赞成
She disapproved the arrangements for the wedding. 她不赞成婚事的安排。
He disapproves of mothers going out to work; in fact, he disapproves very strongly. 他不
赞成作母亲的出外工作；事实上他极力反对这事。
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15. reserve n.
1) [U] the habit of not showing one's feelings or thoughts 矜持，拘谨
He was a man of such reserve that not even his closest friends really understood him. 他是
一个如此拘谨的人，甚至他最亲密的朋友都不能真正理解他。
A few drinks broke through his reserve. 几杯酒下肚他就打开了话匣子。
2) [C, U] thing kept for later use 留待以后用的东西，储备量
the gold reserve 黄金储备
I have a reserve of food in case of emergencies. 我储备了些粮食，以防万一。
3) vt. keep sth. for a particular purpose or time 保留，留出，储备
I reserve Mondays for cleaning up my desk and answering letters. 我留出周一来清理书桌，
答复信件。
Reserve your strength for the climb. 留点力气爬山吧。
4) vt. order (seats, accommodation, etc.) for use by a particular person at a future time预定或
保留（座位、席位），登记
I rang the hotel to reserve a double room for a week. 我打电话给旅馆预定一个双人房间为
期一周。
If you get there early, please reserve a seat for me. 如果你先到达那里，请给我预定一个座
位。
[辨析] deserve vt.应受, 应得, 值得He deserves a reward for his efforts.他积极努力, 值得奖
赏。
16. specific adj.
1) detailed and exact具体的，明确的
From one's stand there follow specific attitudes towards specific matters. 随着立场，就发生
我们对于各种具体事物所采取的具体态度。
We don‟t get any specific instruction. 我们没有得到任何明确的指示。
There are two specific questions we must answer. 有两个具体问题我们必须回答。
I asked you a specific question. Please give me a specific answer. 我问你一个具体的问
题 ，请你给我明确的回答。
Are you doing anything specific this weekend? 这个周末你有什么特别的事要做？
2. relating to one particular thing, etc.; not general 特有的，特定的
a disease specific to horses 马特有的病
The money is to be used for a specific purpose: the building of the new theatre. 这笔款将专
款专用：兴建新剧院。
Feathers are a characteristic specific to birds. 羽毛是鸟类特有的。
[扩展] specify vt.详述: Please specify what you will do. 请你详述一下你将做什么。指定We
should specify a time and a place for the meeting. 我们应指定会议的时间和地点
17. latter adj.
1) being the second of two people, things or groups mentioned before （两者中的）后者的
Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year. 修建新图书馆的工
程应在明年下半年开始。
There are plastic and wooden garden chairs but the latter ones are more expensive.
花园椅有塑料制的和木制的，但是后者贵得多。
2) near to the end of a period 后面的
He spent the latter part of his life in the countryside. 他的后半生是在乡下度过的。
Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year. 修建新图书馆的工
程应在明年下半年开始。
9

In the latter stages of the fight he began to tire. 在战斗的后阶段他开始感到累了。
n. [the ~ ] the second of two things or people already mentioned 后者
Many support the former plan, but personally I‟m for the latter. 许多人支持前面那个计划，
但我个人赞同后者。
Jack and Bill are twins, but the latter is taller than the former. 杰克和比尔是孪生兄弟，不过
比尔比杰克个子高。
We have to make the kitchen and the hall more attractive. I‟d rather do the latter first. 我们
得把厨房和客厅装饰得更漂亮些——我情愿先装饰客厅。
18. qualify v. have (make) the necessary sills, knowledge, ability, etc, to do sth. （使）具有资
格，（使）合格
Tom is well qualified for the job. 汤姆很有资格做这份工作。
Being a son of a member of government doesn‟t qualify him to talk about political affairs. 他
虽身为政府官员的儿子，却不够资格谈论政治。
Being a single parent qualifies you for extra benefits. 作为一个单身父（母）亲，你有权获
得额外的福利金。
19. critic n. [C] person who describes and judges the quality of sth., esp. works of art, music, etc.
（文学、艺术、音乐）评论家，批评家
She's a film critic for the 她是《爱尔兰时报》的一名电影评论家。
That would put blood in the eye of his critics. 那会使得批评他的人更加恼火。
20. prominent adj.
1) important; well- known 重要的，杰出的，显著的，著名的
a prominent magazine 著名的杂志
The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic. 政府
应该在改善公共交通方面起更重要的作用。
2) sticking out from a surface 突出的，凸起的
Our house is the most prominent one in the street; it's painted red.我们的房子是街上最突出
的, 它被漆成了红色。
prominent cheek-bones 突起的颧骨
She has a rather prominent nose. 她的鼻子很高。
21. by-line n. [C] a line at the beginning of an article that gives the writer's name作者署名处
The essays published in this section usually carry no by- lines.发表在这个专栏里的文章通常
不署名。
She is a financial journalist with her own by-line. 她是金融记者， 写文章都署名。
22. refine v.
1) make (sb. sth.) more elegant 使文雅，使高尚
refine one's language
使某人的语言更为文雅
Delia has been refined. You can't imagine she is now an elegant lady.
德丽娅现在变文雅了。你想象不到她已是一位优雅的女士了。
2) to make pure or improve esp. by removing unwanted material 提炼，精炼
refining processes
精炼过程
Oil is industrially refined.
燃料油是经工业提炼而成的。
[扩展] refined: a. 文雅的；优雅的；高尚的a refined way of speaking 优雅的谈吐；refined
manners 文雅的举止 ；refined tastes 高尚的情趣
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23. acquaintance n. [C] person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识的人
Upon further acquaintance I found him a good youth. 经过进一步的了解，我发现他是一个
好青年。
He and I are not really friends, only nodded acquaintance. 我和他实在不算是朋友，只是点头
之交而已。
He has a lot of business acquaintances but very few real friends. 他有许多生意上的熟人，但
真正的朋友却很少。
He has a wide circle of acquaintances. 他交际甚广。
No one in their entire acquaintance would wear such a dress. 在他们的熟人圈子里，没有人
会穿这种衣服。
I have an some acquaintance with the language. 我略懂这门语言。
I wasn‟t sure about Darryl when I first met her, but on further acquaintance I rather like her. 刚
认识达里尔时，我对她并没有把握，但在进一步了解中我却相当喜欢她。
[扩展] make sb.’s acquaintance make the acquaintance of sb. 认识：I‟m so pleased to
make your acquaintance, Mr. Smith. 史密斯先生，能够认识您我感到很荣幸。
24. attractive adj. very pleasing in appearance or sound, or causing interest or pleasure 动人的，
引人入胜的，富有吸引力的
She's so attractive, but I'd never dare ask her out. 她非常美丽动人，但我始终没有勇气邀她
出去。
The pay they're offering is very attractive, but I still don't want the job. 他们答应给的薪水很
有吸引力，但我还是不想要这份工作。
25. impressive adj. having a strong effect on sb. 给人印象深刻的
There are some very impressive buildings in the town. 城市中有一些给人留下非常深刻印象
的建筑物。
His speech is most impressive. 他的演讲给人以非常深刻的印象。
26. stereotype
1) vt. form a fixed set of ideas that is generally disapproving about the characteristics of a
certain group of people or things 对... ...形成固定看法
The study says that British advertisements stereotype women.
该项研究说英国的广告对妇女抱有成见。
The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people.
有人批评警方对黑人有成见。
2) n. [C] image, idea, character, etc. that has become fixed in a routine form 固定的形象，陈
规，老套，旧框框
He doesn't fit the national stereotype of a Frenchman. 他不是个符合法国模式的法国人。
The characters in the book are just stereotypes. 这书中的角色只是些僵化的人物。
She rejects the stereotype that women can only find their true satisfaction in being mothers.
她拒绝接受这种陈词滥调，即女人只有在做母亲时才能感到真正的满足。
27. extent n.
1) the degree specified 某种（什么、这样的、一定的）程度
To some extent you are correct. 在某种程度上你是对的。
To what extent can he be believed? 可以在多大程度上相信他？
2) [U] length; area; range 长度; 面积; 范围
I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.
我对他知识的渊博感到惊奇。
The Nile is over 6,500 kilometers in extent.
11

尼罗河长达6500多公里。
[扩展] to some extent 在某种程度上
to a large extent很大程度上
I agree with what you say to a large extent. 我很大程度上同意你所说的话。
To some extent you are correct. 在某种程度上说你是对的。
To what extent can he be believed? 可以在多大程度上相信他？
28. confess v.
1) admit often unwillingly 承认
I'm rather bored, I must confess. 我不得不承认我有点厌烦了。
He confessed that he had slept through the second half of the film. 他承认电影放到一半后
他一直在睡觉。
2) admit that one has done sth. wrong, esp. when what you have done is secret坦白，供认
She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring.
她向丈夫坦白她卖掉了结婚戒指。
I'm afraid that I've got something to confess: I've broken your vase. 恐怕有件事我得告诉你
—— 我打破了你的花瓶。
29. carpenter n. [C] person whose job is making or repairing wooden things 木匠，木工
We've found a good carpenter to build some bookcases for us. 他们找了个好木匠为我们做
一些书橱。
the carpenter's son 木匠之子（用于称耶稣）
30. nursery n. [C] place where children are cared for, usu. while their parents are at work, etc.托
儿所
a day nursery 日托托儿所
Their two children have been going to a nursery since they were small babies. 他们的两个孩
子从婴儿时就一直上托儿所。
Christine has been a nursery school teacher for 30 years. 克里斯汀当幼儿园老师已有30年
了。
Her son attends a nursery school in the church. 她儿子在教会办的一家幼儿园上学。
31. thoughtful adj.
1) thinking deeply, quiet and serious because one is thinking about sth. 深思的，思考的
The doctor looked thoughtful for a moment and then started to write something on the paper.
医生仔细考虑了片刻，开始在纸上写了起来。
When Beth is writing a letter, she looks thoughtful. 当贝思写信时，她看上去像在思索。
2) showing care for the need of others 体贴的，关心的，考虑周到的
She's a very thoughtful person. 她是个很体贴别人的人。
Thank you for phoning to see if I was feeling better - it was very thoughtful of you. 谢谢你
打电话问我是否觉得好点了-- 你真关心人。
It was very thoughtful of you to make all the necessary arrangements for me. 你考虑得真周
到，为我作了一切必要的安排。
32. creature n. [C] living being, esp. an animal 生物，动物
We could see amazing creatures through the glass in the bottom of the boat. 透过船底的玻璃
我们可以看到一些怪得让人吃惊的生物。
The poor creature had no home, family, or friends. 那个可怜的人既没有家和家人, 也没有
朋友。
33. award
1) vt. give esp. as the result of an official decision 授予，给予
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The university has awarded Jane $$500 for travel. 大学给予简500美元旅行补助。
She was awarded a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而被授予一枚奖章。
The judge awarded both of them equal points. 裁判员给他们两个人打了同样的分。
2) n. [C] sth. awarded奖品
an award ceremony 授奖仪式
Because of his great contribution to the country, he won the highest award. 由于他为国家作
出的重大贡献，他获得了最高奖。
They have given an award of $$900 to each of the winners. 他们给予每位获胜者900美元奖
励。
[辨析] reward 1) n. ①报酬, 报答, 奖赏, 报偿He will expect some reward after working
so hard. 他工作很努力, 会得到报偿的。 ②赏金, 酬金 The police are offering a big reward
for information about the robbery. 警方出大笔赏金要求提供那起抢劫案的破案线索. 2) vt.
酬谢, 奖赏How can I reward your kindness?我怎样才能报答你的好心呢?
34. objective
1) adj. not influenced by personal feelings; fair 不受个人感情影响的，客观的，公正的
The painter tried to be as objective as possible in evaluating his latest work. 那位画家在评
价他最近的新作时尽量讲得客观入理。
How can you make an objective decision if she's your own daughter? 如果她是你的女儿，
你怎么可能做出客观的决定呢？
It is an objective report. 这是一篇客观的报道。
2) n. [C] thing aimed at or wished for; purpose 目标，目的
Her main objective now is simply to become an internationally famous scientist.
她现在的主要目标就是成为一名具有世界声望的科学家。
I don't know what his objectives were in making such a criticism?
我不知道他这样指责的目的是什么？
[辨析] subjective adj.(思想、感情等)主观的主观的(以个人好恶、观点等为依据)This is a
subjective judgment of her abilities.这是对她能力的一种主观判断。
33. intelligence n. [U] (good) ability to learn, reason, and understand智力，智慧，理解力
Last week the children were given an intelligence test. 上周对那些孩子进行了一次智力测
试。
One sign of intelligence in a baby is its ability to recognize the objects of its surroundings.识别
周围事物的能力是婴儿智力的一种表现。
His intelligence is not apparent from his school reports. 从他的学校成绩报告单来看, 他的
智力平平。
[扩展] intelligent adj. 聪明的; 理解力强的I have not arrived at a very intelligent opinion on
that matter.我对那件事还没有高见。
34. appealing adj. attractive; inviting 吸引人的； 悦人的
This 'win-win' structure is appealing to banks and investors. 这种双赢结构对银行和投资者
均具吸引力。
The idea of a whole week on the beach is very appealing. 在海边度假一周， 这个主意挺吸
引人的。
Having someone to do all my cleaning for me was an appealing prospect. 有人帮我做清洁，
这想法挺诱人的。
[扩展] appeal 1) n. ①呼吁, 恳求: His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.他恳请原
谅, 但没有得到答复。②感染力, 吸引力:This kind of music hasn't much appeal for
me. 这类音乐对我没有吸引力。2) vt. & vi.上诉 Five times he appealed the case,
13

always losing.他上诉五次, 都失败了。
35. popularity n. [U] the state of being liked or supported by a lot of people 收欢迎； 流行
Prolonged recession and high unemployment knocked his popularity down to rock-bottom. 经
济长期衰退， 失业率也很高，这些是他的受欢迎程度降到了最低。
Margaret has profited from her own popularity among her film fans. 玛格丽特因受影迷欢迎
而获利。
36. despair
1) vi. have lost all hope 失望，绝望
His despair of becoming a great artist made him stop painting. 他因感到不能成为大画家而
绝望，从此放弃作画。
There are signs that many citizens have already despaired of political officials. 有迹象表明，
许多市民已经对政府官员感到失望We've despaired of him; he can't keep a job for more than
six months. 我们对他非常失望，没有哪一个工作他能干半年以上。
Don't despair! We'll find a way out! 不要绝望！我们会找到解决办法的！
2) n. [U] state of having lost all hope 失望，绝望
He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争。
To the despair of her teachers, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. 令老师们感到
失望的是，尼科尔从来不做布置给她的作业。
He‟s the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job. 他让父母束手无
策，因为他对找工作没有表现出一点兴趣。
37. label
1) n. [C] descriptive word or words applied to a person, group, etc. (用以形容人、团体等的）称
号，外号
This city merits its label as the garden of the world. 这座城市配得上世界花园的称号。
A critic called her first novel label has stuck. 一位评论家称他的第
一部小说为超级浪漫小说，于是那部小说得了这一雅号。
is the label generally applied to this magazine. 中产阶级是普遍用来形容这
本杂志的趣味层次的一个词。
2) n. [C] piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc. on or beside an object and describing its nature, name,
owner, etc. 标签，签条
I read the information on the label before deciding which to buy. 我先看标签上的说明，然后
才决定买哪一种。
Remember to put some address labels on the suitcases. 记住在衣箱上贴上几张地址标签。
3) vt. describe sb. sth; put a label or labels on sth. 把... ...称为; 把标签贴在... ...上，用标签标
明
His work is difficult to label precisely.
他的工作难以准确描述。
If you spend any time in prison you're labeled a criminal for the rest of your life.
如果你坐过牢，你将一辈子被看作罪犯。
He was busy labeling all the bottles of wine that he'd made that year.
他忙着给所有装有他那年酿的酒的瓶子贴上标签。
This jam is labeled
这瓶果酱上贴着标签苹果和香蕉。
38. determination n. . [U] firmness of objective; exact fixing (of sth.); deciding
决心，坚定，决断力; 决定，确定
At the age of ten she sat in the darkened theatre with determination that one day she would act
14

on its stage.
10岁那年，她曾坐在黑乎乎的剧场里，下决心有一天要在这舞台上演出。
We need a leader with courage and determination.我们需要一位有勇气和决心的领导人。
the determination of future policy 未来政策的决定
She is responsible for the determination of
39. fill out： add what is necessary to make sth. complete 填写
All the applicants for the job must fill out this form.
所有申请这一工作的人都要填写这份申请表。
Please fill out your cheque and sign it.
请填写你的支票并在上面签字。
40. if only: used for saying that sth. is good only for a limited purpose or time 就算…都行； 哪
怕…也好
Just call her, if only so say that you are sorry. 给她打个电话吧哪怕就告诉她你感到很抱歉
也好啊。
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. （含蓄的虚拟语气）
41. for better or worse: whether the result is good or bad 不管结果好坏
It's been done, and for better or worse, we can't change it now.
木已成舟，好也罢，坏也罢，我们现在已无法改变了。
I decided to follow her advice, for better or worse. 不管怎样我都决定采纳她的意见。
He promised to take her for better or for worse. 他答应不论顺境逆境都会照顾她（与她祸福
与共）。
42. convey to: make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another person 表达（思想、感情）；转达
Please convey my good wishes to your mother. 请向你母亲转达我的良好祝愿。
If you see James, do convey my regrets to him. 要是你见到詹姆斯，请向他转达我的歉意。
43. attach sth. to sth.: connect sth. with sth. 使与……相关联
Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗？
She attaches great value to being on her own. 她认为自我独立极为重要。
44. even so: in spite of that 虽然这样，然而，不过
I had a terrible headache, but, even so, I went to the concert. 我头痛得厉害，但我还是去欣赏
了音乐会。
There are many spelling mistakes; even so it's quite a good essay. 虽然有很多拼写错误，但这
仍不失为是一篇相当不错的文章。
I had a terrible headache, but even so I went to the concert. 我头痛得厉害，但我还是去了音
乐会。
There are many spelling mistakes; even so, it‟s quite a good essay. 虽然有很多拼写错误，但
它仍不失为一篇相当不错的文章。
45. turn down: refuse to consider 拒绝，驳回
He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health.
他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝。
Why was I turned down for the job? Is it because I'm a woman?
为什么不让我做那项工作？因为我是一个女人吗？
46. blind date: arrangement to meet (each other) made between a man and a woman who have not
met each other before （由第三方安排的）男女间初次见面
Ann has arranged for me to go on a blind date this Saturday with a man that she knows through
work. 本周六安安排我与一位她在工作中认识的男子见面。
47. come up to: move towards 走近，移近
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A man came up to me and asked for a match. 一名男子走到我跟前向我借火柴。
Your behavior does not come up to the expected standard.你的举止达不到要求。
48. press for sth.: make repeated and demanding request for sth. 反复请求，紧急请求
I don‟t know whether to accept this new job, and the firm is pressing (me)
for a decision. 我不知道是否要接受这份新工作, 公司正催我速作决定。
The chairman is pressing for improved working conditions.
主席一再要求改善工作条件。
Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened.
许多家长一直迫切要求重新开办当地那所学校。
49. be (ill) at ease: uncomfortable; anxious, or worried, embarrassed (不)自在;困窘
Pat felt ill at ease with his family, wondering whether or not to announce his news. 帕特和家
人在一起很不自在，不知是否要宣布他的事。
She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother. 母亲批评她的时候，她觉得非常得
困窘。
He appeared ill at ease at the party. 他在宴会上显得很拘谨。
She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother. 母亲批评她的时候，她觉得非常
困窘。
His legs were nervous, but his mind was at ease. 他的双腿很疲乏，但心情舒畅。
50. free from: not influenced or damaged by sth. dangerous 不具······的，未受危险伤害的
Is the President free from prejudice? 难道总统没有偏见吗？
Make sure the wound is free from dirt? 要保证伤口不能沾上污物。
51. be guilty of: be to blame for sth.对······有罪责
He was found guilty of passing on secret papers to a foreign power. 他被判决犯有向某大国
泄露秘密文件的罪行。
I feel guilty about not having written to you sooner. 我为没有尽早给您写信感到内疚。
I saw that I had been guilty of a careless mistake. 我意识到自己因疏忽而酿成大错。
52. project on onto upon: imagine (one‟s own esp. bad feelings or thoughts) as being
experienced by others
It is not reasonable that they project their dreams onto us. 他们觉得我们与他们具有同样的
梦想, 真荒谬。
53. take charge of: take control of; become responsible for 负责管理，对……负责
The department was badly organized until she took charge of it.在她负责以前这个部门曾是
一团糟。
The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. 老板让他
在她离开时掌管办公室几天。
54. stick with sth.: keep staying with sth., cannot get rid of sth. 坚持; 无法摆脱
I'm sticking with my original idea. 我仍坚持我的原来的想法。
I'd rather stick with a way of doing things that I know will work. 我宁愿坚持用我认为能起
作用的做事方法。
We were stuck with relatives who came to stay with us the whole holiday. 亲戚来我们家了，
我们整个暑假都得和他们呆在一起。
The landlady didn‟t allow us to make any change to her house, so we were stuck with the
tasteless decoration. 房东不让我们随意改变房子的任何一处， 因此我们不得不忍受这没
品位的装修了。
Will you help me with this mathematical problem? I‟m stuck with it. 这道数学题你能帮我一
下吗？我怎么也解不出来。
16

Language Points
1. As His Name Is, So Is He! (Title)
Meaning: His nature or manner as a man is similar to what he is called, his name.
The “as … so” here is used to express parallelism or proportionality. (表示类比)
As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship. 沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。
As is the teacher, so is the pupil. 有其师必有其徒。
There is also a possibility not to invert part of the sentence.
As you treat me, so I shall treat you. 你怎样对待我，我也将怎样对待你。
As time went on, their hopes began to decrease. 随着时间的推移，他们的希望开始变得越来
越小了。
2. I just don’t feel like a Debbie. (Para. 1)
Meaning: I just don‟t identify with the name Debbie.
feel like: identify with (as used in this instance); have a wish for, want
I don‟t feel like taking a holiday now. 我现在不想去度假。
Do you feel like a cup of coffee? 你想来一杯咖啡吗?
I don‟t feel like a president. 我不想当主席。
3.... while filling out an application form ... (Para. 2)
In adverbial clauses of time introduced by the conjunction “while” (and “when”, “until”, “as
soon as”, “once”, etc.), we may have finite verb forms or non-finite verb forms. So this clause of
time may be rewritten as: ... while she was filling out an application form ...
More examples:
She was singing a tune while she was working. (or: She was singing a tune while working.) 她边
干活边哼曲子。
4. impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie.(Para. 2)
middle name: a name coming between the first name and the last name
“What‟s James Brown‟s middle name?” “It‟s Michael.” “詹姆斯·布朗的中名叫什么?” “叫迈克
尔。”
“Middle name” can also be used figuratively, meaning a main part of one‟s character.
Generosity is her middle name. 慷慨是她的性格特征。
5. ... and other people started to take me more seriously. (Para. 2)
take ... seriously: treat (sth. or sb.) in a serious manner
He now learns to take things more seriously. 他现在学着更加严肃地对待事情了。
6. Friends and associates call her Lynne. (Para. 2)
associate: n. a person connected with another, especially at work
He is not a friend but an associate. 他是同事，而不是朋友。
associate: v. (cause to) join as friends or as partners in business
They were closely associated with each other during the war. 战争期间他们间的关系很密切。
7. Naturally, the name change didn’t cause Debbie Lynne’s professional achievement ...
(Para. 3)
Meaning: Of course, the name change was not the cause of Debbie Lynne‟s professional
achievement.
8. ... it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents.(Para. 3)
Meaning: ... it surely helped although it helped only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her
talents.
if: conj. accepting that, although
17

This is a pleasant if noisy child. 这孩子挺可爱, 虽说有点闹。
It is a nice house, if a little expensive. 这房子不错, 虽说价钱高了点。
8. ... qualities ... may be suggested by your name ... (Para. 3)
suggest: vt. make clear indirectly, indicate, signal
Her expression suggested anger. 她脸上的表情说明她生气了。
The disorganized meeting suggested a lack of proper planning. 会议组织混乱, 表明缺乏事先筹
划。
9. ... which some think makes me more qualified to be a baseball player than, say, an art
critic. (Para. 4)
say: v. (usually used in imperatives) suppose, suggest, assume
Would you take an offer of, say (= for example), 5,000 dollars for your car? 要是给你开个价, 比
方说5,000元, 你卖不卖这辆车?
Can you come to dinner? Say, 7:30? 你能来吃晚饭吗? 比如说7点半?
10. I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared
complete. (Para. 4)
Meaning: I think it likely that if my name were Arthur or Adrian, (a name suggesting that a person
is more polite, better educated and better-mannered), my full name would have been printed in my
by-line.
11. ... names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances.
(Para. 5)
Meaning: ... names that suggest good qualities to other people can help you to your advantage in
some way, and even give other people encouragement to get to know you.
17. ... he sounded dull. (Para. 5)
Meaning: …judging by listening to his name, he is an uninteresting man.
18. ... they’d been exchanging glances all evening. (Para. 5)
Meaning: They had been glancing at each other (with admiration) all evening.
19. ... we’re all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. (Para. 6)
Meaning: ...all of us are wrong to some degree to attach too simple an image to people according
to the qualities suggested by their names.
20.... we project name-based stereotypes on people, ... (Para. 6)
Meaning: ... we imagine that people have the qualities suggested by their names...
21. ... you aren’t stuck with the label. (Para. 8)
Meaning: ...if you don‟t like your name given by your parents, you can get rid of it by changing
your name.

VI．Text Summary
1. Student’s Presentation
The teacher asks 2-3 students to make presentation.

2. Teacher’s Summary
Throughout history, names have not merely identified people but also described them. The
author gives examples of how names have an effect on people‟s life. Thus, the author states
that name is not only used to indicate a person, but more importantly, it is associated with the
behavior and description of the person. This general statement is supported by four arguments.
18

Names have become attached to specific images. Those names with a positive sense can work
for you and even encourage new acquaintances. Most of us have some prejudiced notions
about names and become involved in names stereotyping. People‟s names are related to their
achievement or behavior. Good names are associated with better classroom achievement and a
greater degree of popularity among one‟s peers.
VII. After-text A Exercises
1. Vocabulary: Students are asked to master the key words and phrases.
2. Sentence Structure: Teacher summaries the usage of inversion structures and sentences
with the “-ing” participle clause with a conjunction. Students practice rewriting sentences
after the models on Page 139.
3．Translation
4. Cloze


Section B Judge by Appearances

I. Reading Skill
Scanning
We introduced the reading skill scanning in Unit 8, Book 1.

In a broad sense, to scan is to
read quickly in order to locate or find the place where a particular item of information is given.
The skill is particularly useful in reading newspapers or magazines.
The steps involved in scanning are as follows:
1. Decide what information you are looking for, and think about the form it may take.
For example, if you want to find out who did something, you would look for a name.
2. Decide where you need to look to find the information you want.
3. Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you find the information
you need.
Here are some examples from Passage A in this unit that may illustrate how we probably
scan for some particular information.
Example 1
Having read the first paragraph, we know that Debbie didn't like her name, which, she
thought, didn't suit her good looks and elegant manner. Immediately the question coming into our
mind is probably would she do with her name?With this question in mind, we move our
eyes quickly on, and soon we have the answer in the next paragraph:
One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman
impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. (Para. 2)
Example 2
Having found the answer to the first question, we may have another question out of curiosity:
What might be the result of Debbie changing her name? To answer this question we keep moving
our eyes quickly until the end of this paragraph:
Two years after her successful job interview, the former waitress is now a successful magazine
editor. (Para. 2)
Example 3
Now we may feel curious or even doubtful about the result. We may ask: How could we
19

explain the connection between Debbie's name change and her professional achievement? We
move our eyes as quickly as possible down again until we reach the two sentences in Paragraph 3:
Naturally, the name change didn't cause DebbieLynne's professional achievement—but it
surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. Social scientists say that what
you're called can affect your life. (Para. 3)
Example 4
Now we may feel very interested in such a phenomenon. We may ask: Does a name have a
similar effect in other fields? We move our eyes as quickly as possible down again until we reach
the two sentences in Paragraph 5:
A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female
name, while women believed Richard and David were the most attractive for men. One woman I
know turned down a blind date with a man named Harry because “he sounded dull”. (Para. 5)
II. Warm- up Activity
1.
ⅰ Student’s Discussion
1) Do you have the experience of judging others by their appearances? (open-ended)
--yes, (and give an example)
2) Have you ever been judged by others by your appearance? (open-ended)
--yes, (and give an example)
ⅱ
Teacher’s Summary
It is quite natural that people often judge others by appearances. Almost everyone has such
kind of prejudiced experience. Of course, we are often judged by others from what we look.
„Seeing is believing‟, but sometimes our eyes may cheat us. From the author‟s experience in text,
we may find that the prejudice of judging by appearances is deep-rooted.
2. Questions on the Topic and the Passage
1) What does the author want to do in this passage?
---To describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate a standard criticism of
sociological research.
2) What was the aim of the sociological research?
---The aim is to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the
way other people responded to them--whether the appearance of poverty would invite
prejudice on them.
3) What did they first do in the sociological exercise?
---They went into a bargain store of a local charity where they politely ask access to a
bathroom.
4) What did they learn in the sociological exercise?
--- People judge by appearances.
III. Text Structure Analysis
In this passage, the author describes a sociological exercise she and her classmate did and
shows us that it is prejudice time and people judge by appearances.
The passage can be roughly divided into3 parts:
Part One (Para1) The author tells us that she wants to describe a sociological exercise that
might seem to validate a standard criticism of sociological research.
Part Two (Para 2-6) This part is about what they did in the sociological exercise to reach their
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aim and how people responded to their unusual behavior.
Part Three (Para 7-9) In this part, the readers can get what they learned from the sociological
exercise and the author‟s opinion on it.

IV. Text Study
1. Words and Phrases Study
1.

sociology:
n. [U] scientific study of society 社会学
a sociology course 社会学课程
She has a degree in sociology and political science. 她拥有社会学和政治学的学位。
[扩展]society n. 社会，社会团体 social a. 社会的，社交的
Socialism n. 社会主义 socialist n. 社会主义者 a. 社会主义的
2. sociological: a. of sociology 社会学的
a sociological theory 社会学理论
conduct sociological research 进行社会学研究
3. validate: vt. prove that sth. is true or correct 证实
Mr. Brown tried to validate his criticisms. 布郎先生试图证明他的批评是有道理的。
Can you validate your views against economic growth? |你能证明你反对经济增长的观点
吗？
4. virtually: ad. almost 实际上；差不多
It used to be virtually impossible to find restaurants outside the cities, but it's much easier now.
过去在城外几乎找不到餐馆，不过现在容易多了。
On the label, the milk is described as “virtually fat-free”. 这牛奶的标签上写着“基本不含脂
肪”的字样。
[扩展] virtual a. 实质上的，事实上的，实际上的
[辨析] virtue n. 美德，优点
5. slightly: ad. a little; somewhat 稍微；轻微
Her car is a slightly different color. 她的汽车颜色稍微有点不同。
The temperature had risen slightly, but it was still very cold. 气温略有上升，但仍很冷。
6. inappropriate: a. not suitable 不合适的；不恰当的
Such language would be quite inappropriate for this occasion. 这类语言对这个场合来说很
不恰当。
If such discriminations are appropriate for birds, why should they be inappropriate in the case
of men? 如果这些区别适用于鸟类的话，那么对人类来说为什么就不合适了呢？
7. tidy: a. neatly arranged with everything in the right place 整洁的； 整齐的
a tidy person 穿着整洁的人
She keeps her house very tidy. 她把屋子收拾得非常整洁。
8. untidy: a. not tidy; in a mess 不整洁的；凌乱的
an untidy desk 乱糟糟的书桌
He‟s an untidy worker; he leaves his tools everywhere. 他是个邋遢工人，工具放得到处都
是。
9. wrinkle:
v. (cause to) form small lines or folds （使）起皱纹；（使）起褶皱
The apples are beginning to wrinkle. 这些苹果开始起皱了。
Too much sunshine will wrinkle your skin. 过多阳光会使你的皮肤起皱纹。
n. [C] a small line on one's face and skin 皱纹
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She‟s beginning to get wrinkles around her eyes. 她眼部周围开始有皱纹了。
There are some wrinkles in the back of your skirt where you‟ve been sitting down. 你裙 子
后面坐着的地方有些褶皱。
ed: a. having small lines or folds 有皱纹的；皱巴巴的
a wrinkled face 满是皱纹的脸
His suit was wrinkled and he looked very tired. 他衣服皱巴巴的，人也显得很疲倦。
: n. (pl.) trousers 裤子
sweat pants <主美> (尤指运动员运动前后保暖穿的)宽松长运动裤
These pants look good, but they are expensive. 这种裤子很漂亮，但价钱很贵。
l: vt. hide sth. carefully隐藏；隐瞒
He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family. 他竭力向家人隐瞒他酗酒的恶习。
I tried to conceal my surprise when she said she was only 22. 当她说她只有22岁时，我尽力
掩饰自己的惊讶。
[扩展]hideconceal sth. from sb. 对某人隐瞒某事
[考点]hide(.) 不一定有“故意”的含义。conceal (vt.) 常指有目的地，非常巧妙地
“隐藏”或“隐瞒”。
ionable: a. not in fashion or the current style 不时髦的；不流行的
These ideas became unfashionable after the collapse of the Berlin Wall. 这些观念在柏林墙
倒塌后就不流行了。
Production stopped in the 80s when these products became unfashionable. 这些产品落伍了，
80年代就停止生产了。
de: n. [C] sth. used as a protection from the sun‟s rays 遮阳物
She wears glasses with sunshades in hot summer. 她夏天用遮阳镜片。
She stayed under the sunshade when others were swimming in the sea. 别人在大海里游泳，
而她呆在遮阳伞下面。
:
vt. 1) hold sth. together with some device 别在...上；夹住
Do you clip those earrings on? |你的耳环是夹上去的吗？
When you‟ve finished your work, clip them together and hand them in to me. 完工之后，把它
们别在一起交给我。
2) cut parts of sth. to make it tidy 修剪
The children were amazed to see the sheep being clipped. 剪羊毛时，孩子们好奇地看着。
You need to clip your nails. 你该修剪指甲了。
n. [C] a small object used for tying things together or holding them in position 夹子；
针
a hair clip 发夹
The paper was tied together with a plastic clip. 纸张是用一个塑料夹子夹在一起的。
y: n. [U] the state of being poor 贫穷；贫困
She had been worn down by poverty and illness. 贫病交加，她被折磨倒了。
Two million people in the city live in poverty. 城里有两百万人生活在贫困中。
:
a. 1) slight in degree 轻微的；不严重的
She‟s only got a mild fever. |她只是轻微发烧
She can‟t accept even mild criticism of her work. 她甚至不能接受对她工作一点点的批评。
2) gentle 温和的；和善的
He‟s the mildest man you could wish to meet.他是你能见到的最和善的人。
22

He gave a mild answer, in spite of his anger. 尽管十分恼火，他还是态度温和地 回答
了。
: ad. in a slight or gentle way 轻微地；温和地
She seemed mildly disappointed when I didn‟t buy any perfume. 我没买香水，她似乎微微有
点失望。
She spoke mildly to us. 她对我们说话很温和。
nal:
a. 1) relating to feelings 情感的；情绪的
emotional problems 情绪问题
My doctor said the problem was more emotional than physical. 我的医生说问题不是出在身
体上而是在情绪上。
2) causing or showing strong feelings 引发（或表现）强烈情感的
The president has made an emotional speech for the killing to stop. 总统发表了感人的演说，
呼吁停止屠杀。
That music‟s so emotional; it always brings tears to my eyes. 那音乐如此让人动情；它总让
我落泪。
[扩展]emotion n. 情感，感情，激情
ics: n. (pl.) behavior that shows too much unnecessary emotion 夸张做作的行为
George‟s dramatics began to irritate me. 乔治的夸张做作的行为开始让我生气。
His friends were tired of all his phony dramatics. 他的朋友厌烦了他虚伪的做作。
[扩展]dramatic a. 引人注目的，突然的；戏剧性的，激动人心的；戏剧性事件
: v. put a car or other vehicle in a particular place for a period of time 停放（车辆）
You can‟t park here. 这儿不能停车。
A red van was parked in front of the house. 屋子前停了一辆红色的货车。
n:
n. 1) [C] sth. bought at a price lower than usual 便宜货；廉价品
a bargain hunter 搜购廉价商品的人
The carpet is a bargain at 50 dollars. 地毯50美元一条，够便宜的。
2) [C] an agreement to do sth. in return for sth. else 协议；交易
The two parties made a bargain to cease fire. |双方达成了停火协议。
The two businessmen struck a bargain with each other. 两个生意人做成了一笔交易。
vi. talk about the conditions of a sale, agreement or contract 讨价还价；谈判
bargain over the terms of a lease 就租约的条款进行谈判
bargain with a sales rep for a used car 与销售代表就一辆旧车讨价还价
[扩展]bargain foron 企图廉价获取
Drive a hard bargain 杀价，迫使对方接受苛刻条件
y:
n. 1) [C] an organization for helping people who are poor, sick, etc.慈善机构
Money from the sale of these cards will go to local charities. 卖这些贺卡所得的钱将捐献给
地方慈善组织。
Many charities sent money to help the victims of the flood. 许多慈善机构寄款救济遭受水
灾的人们 。
2) [U] money or gifts given to help people who are poor, sick, etc. 施舍物；救济金
The old man was too proud to accept what he regarded as charity. 那个老人太要强了，不肯
接受他所认为的施舍。
They live on charity. 他们靠救济过日子。
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ive:
a. 1) expensive and not many people can afford to use or buy 奢华的；高级的
an exclusive restaurant 高级饭店
The tennis club has an exclusive membership. 这家网球俱乐部的成员都是些有钱人。
2) not shared with others 专用的；独享的
This room is for the exclusive use of guests. 这房间专供客人使用。
Singing is not her exclusive interest outside work; she does many other things as well. 唱歌不
是她工作之余唯一的爱好；她还有很多其他爱好。
n. [C] a piece of news that is published or reported by only one newspaper, magazine, etc. 独
家新闻；独家报道
The newspaper published an exclusive about the incident. 这家报纸刊登了有关那个事件的
独家新闻。
The Sun has had a number of useful exclusives.《太阳报》发表过几篇有用的独家新闻。
[短语]exclusive of 不计„在内
exclusive to 为…所独享，独有
: v. move about an area without a definite aim 漫游；闲逛
We wandered around for hours looking for the house. 我们转悠了好几个小时来寻找那座房
子。
We spent the morning wandering the old part of the city. 我们花了一个上午在老城区逛悠。
-hand: a. owned or used by sb. else before you 二手的；用过的
a second-hand car 二手车
I finally found the textbook I need in a second-hand book store. 我终于在二手书店找到了我
需要的那本教科书。
:
v. mix or combine（使）混合；（使） 掺和
Blend the eggs and milk together. 把鸡蛋和牛奶调在一起。
I tried to blend into the crowd, but I was obviously not dressed for the occasion. 我试图融入
人群，但很明显我的穿着不适合这种场合。
n. [C] the act of blending or sth. created by blending 混合；混合物
Which blend of coffee would you like? 你喜欢往咖啡里放些什么？
His manner is a blend of charm and politeness. 他的态度既有魅力又文雅。
: a. in a higher position; superior 较高的, 上面的
He already had a light growth of hair on his upper lip. 他上唇已经依稀长出胡须。
Most meteorites do not make it through the Earth's upper atmosphere. 大多数流星无法穿过
地球的大气层外层。
: n. [sing., U] the size or level of sth. 规模；大小；等级
The pay scale goes from $$8,000 to $$20,000. 薪金级别介于8,000至20,000美元之间。
My parents used to entertain friends on a large scale. 我父母过去常常举行大规模的宴会招
待朋友。
[扩展]on a …scale …规模地，在„规模上
In a few years, china will be able to produce camera recorders on a large scale.
几年后，中国就可以大批量生产摄影机了。
Scale down 缩减
-scale: a. high class 上流的；高级的
an upper- scale men‟s wear shop 高档男装商店
He often dines with friends at upper-scale restaurants. 他常常和朋友在高档饭店吃饭。
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oom: n. [C] a large room in a school or office where people can eat 餐厅；食堂
The meals at the school lunchroom don't look appealing. 学校餐厅的饭菜看上去不吸引人。
He seldom takes a meal at the company lunch- room. |他很少在公司餐厅用餐。
: n. [U] 身份证明；身份证
We were asked to show our ID before the guards let us in. 保安在让我们进去前要求我们出
示身份证。
You can book a ticket in advance at the box office only with your ID. 只有用身份证才能提
前在售票处订票。
rage:
vt. 1) try to prevent sth. from happening 阻止；劝阻
Parents should discourage smoking. 父母应当设法制止吸烟。
What discourages me from going camping is the rain! 阻止我去露营的就是这场雨！
2) make sb. less confident or less willing to do sth. 使泄气；使灰心
The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her. 一想到要干那么多的活儿，
她就心灰意冷。
Don‟t discourage her; she‟s doing her best. 别给她泼冷水，她正竭尽全力呢。
[扩展]discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止，使却步，使不敢做某事
discouragement n. 气馁；挫折；劝阻
encourage v. 鼓励
[辨析]dissuade sb. from doing sth. 劝止，说服使不做
distract sb. from sth. 分散或转移某人注意力，把某人注意力引开
discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止，使却步，使不敢做某事
: n. [U] the act of entering a place 进入
The thieves had forced an entry into the building. 窃贼强行进入了那幢建筑物。
The actress‟entry into the world of political affairs surprised most people. 那位女演员进入政
界使许多人都大为吃惊。
-scale: a. at the lower end of a scale; inferior 低档的；劣等的
down-scale clothing 低档服装
The discount stores caters mainly to down- scale customers. 减价商店主要满足中低收入的
顾客。
g: n. [C] the place where sth. is or where sth. happens, and the general environment 环
境；背景
We should seek more formal settings for the party. 我们应该找个更正式的环境聚会。
In beautifully landscaped settings, this unique zoo is great fun for all the family. 这个独 特
的动物园环境优美，对全家人来说都十分有意思。
: vt. make fun of sb. in a friendly way 开玩笑；戏弄
She was continuously ribbed about her accent. 她常因口音受别人取笑。
His brothers ribbed him about his new girlfriend. 他的兄弟们因他交上了新的女朋友 而
跟他开玩笑。
e:
vt. 1) copy the way sb. behaves, speaks, moves, etc. 模仿；效仿
He‟s very clever at imitating his friends. 他很善于模仿朋友们的讲话和动作。
Some of the young men try to imitate their musical heroes from the past. 一些年轻男子 试
图模仿他们心中昔日的乐坛偶像。
2) copy sth. 仿制；仿造
They produce man-made chemicals which exactly imitate particular natural ones. 他们 生
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产的人造化学制品完全仿照某些天然物质。
He imitated the works of Picasso. 他临摹了毕加索的作品。
:
a. 1) speaking or behaving in an impolite way 无礼的；粗鲁的
It‟s rude not to say “Thank you” when you are given something. 别人给你东西时不说
“谢谢”是不礼貌的。
He‟s got no manners; he‟s rude to everyone. 他没有礼貌，对每个人都很粗鲁。
2) made or designed in a simple way 简陋的
We built a rude shelter from rocks on the beach. 我们用海滩上的岩石搭建了一个简 陋的栖
身之所。
These are rude stone tools. 这是些粗糙的石制工具。
any:
vt. 1) happen or exist at the same time as sth. else 伴随；和...一起发生
It had strong winds accompanied by heavy rain. 那天暴风骤雨。
Fever is almost always accompanied by cough. 发烧时几乎总会有咳嗽的症状。
2) go somewhere with sb. 陪伴；陪同
Would you like me to accompany you to the company? 您想让我陪您去公司吗？
He was accompanied on the trip by his wife. 他那次旅行有妻子随行。
l:
n. 1) [C, U] the act of getting rid of sth. 消除；清除
He has recovered form the removal of a tumor. 肿瘤切除手术后，他已康复了。
After the removal of the soup, fish was served. 汤撤下去后，鱼端了上来。
2) [C, U] the act of moving sth. to a different place 移动；搬迁
our removal to London 我们搬往伦敦
He runs a removal company. 他经营一家搬家公司。
[扩展]remove vt. 移开，挪走；去掉，消除
[辨析]remove, move, strip
remove 的内涵较窄，仅指从某处移走不要的东西，即“挪去”；
move 泛指把某物从一处移到另一处；
strip 指“剥掉”衣服等
: n. [U] polite and pleasant behavior 礼貌；风度
Joanna has natural grace and elegance. 乔安娜具有一种天生的高雅气质。
The Queen always speaks to the public with grace and dignity. 女王和公众讲话时总是 维
持着高贵端庄的仪态。
[扩展]with good grace 欣然地
graceful a. 优雅的；优美的；得体的
a graceful dancer 优美的舞者
a graceful letter of thanks 得体的谢函
:
n. 1) [C] a picture or shape that represents sth. 象征；标志
The lion is the symbol of courage. 狮子是勇敢的象征。
The heart shape is a symbol of love. 心的形状象征着爱。
2) [C] a mark or sign with a particular meaning 记号；符号
You see the symbol on this label? Does that mean I have to hand-wash this shirt? 你看 到标签
上的图标了吗？那是不是说这件衬衫只能手洗？
[扩展]symbolize v.象征；为„的符号
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symbolic a. 符号的；象征的
symbolism n.象征主义
nt: a. existing as a natural quality 固有的；与生俱来的
There is an inherent weakness in the design. 这个设计有其固有的弱点。
There are dangers inherent in almost every sport. 每种运动都有其危险性。
y:
n. 1) [U] the ability to behave in a calm way even in a difficult situation 端庄；体 面
She kept her dignity in spite of the laughing. 尽管人们讥笑她，可她仍然表现得体面 端
庄。
She has a quiet dignity about her. 她身上有一种娴静的高贵气质。
2) [U] the fact of being respected or deserving respect 尊严
How could you say that? Have you no dignity? 你怎么能说这样的话？你就没有自尊 心
吗？
She has lost everything but her dignity. 她失去了所有东西，但她没有丢失自己的尊
严。
cuous: a. easy to notice 显著的；明显的
If you‟re walking along the dark road at night you should wear conspicuous clothes. 如 果
你晚上在黑暗的街道上行走，就应该穿醒目的衣服。
He tried not to be conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room. 他沿着房 间
后面慢慢移动，尽量不让自己引起注意。
cuously: ad. noticeably 显著地；明显地
The red flag rose conspicuously over the beautiful city. 红旗十分醒目地在这座美丽的 城
市上空飘扬。
He is conspicuously not present in the meeting. 会议他缺席了，这太引人注目了。
al:
a. 1) inside sth. 内部的
We are holding an internal inquiry to find out who is responsible. 我们正在进行内部 调查以
查明谁该负责。
The internal record indicates that there had been concern about safety before the accident.
内部记录表明，在事故发生前就已有了安全方面的担心。
2) within a particular country国内的；本国的
internal trade 国内贸易
It is not certain whether a meeting would solve the internal conflict. 一次会议是否能 解决这
一内部冲突，值得怀疑。
alize: vt. make a particular belief, attitude, etc. become part of one‟s character 使 内 在
化
He had not expected the people to internalize the values of equal rights so readily. 他没 有
料到人民这么快就接受了权力平等的价值观念。
It is proved that present-day children easily internalize violent behavior through social
learning. 事实证明现在的孩子由于受社会的影响很容易产生暴力行为。
icial:
a. 1) not thinking about serious or important things; shallow 肤浅的；浅薄的
You have only a superficial knowledge of the subject. 你对该学科只有粗浅的了解。
I only have a superficial knowledge of French. 我对法语只懂些皮毛。
2) of or on the surface 表面的
The driver only got superficial cuts. 司机只是受了点外伤。
27

There are superficial similarities between the two cars, but actually they‟re quite different.
从表面上看两辆车差不多，但实际上差别很大。
l: vi. exist among a group of people at a certain time 盛行；流行
The use of horses still prevails among the poorer farmers. 贫穷的农民仍然普遍用马代 步
和运输东西。
This is a strange custom that still prevails. 这个奇怪风俗仍然盛行。
[扩展]prevail among 在„中很流行
prevail against 胜过，战胜
prevail against a person 胜过某人
prevail over 压倒，战胜
We prevailed over our enemies. 我们胜过敌人
prevail onupon 说服，经（敦促）使得（语气比persuade重）
the committee hoped to prevail on them to endorse the proposal. 委员会希望说
服他们支持这项提案。
gue:
vt. make a complete list of all the things in a group 把...编入目录
Many rare plants have not yet been catalogued. 许多珍稀植物还未被归类。
This report is the first effort to catalogue the effects of smoking. 这份报告试图首次对 吸
烟所造成的影响进行归纳。
n. [C] a complete list of things 目录
a library catalogue 图书馆目录
tedly: ad. without doubt; certainly 确实地；无疑地
The painting is undoubtedly authentic. 这幅画无疑是真迹。
It is undoubtedly the best French film this year. 毫无疑问，这是本年度最好的法国影
片。
ogist: n. [C] a person who specializes in the study of sociology 研究社会学的人； 社
会学家
She is a prominent sociologist. 她是位著名的社会学家。
Sociologists disagree about whether sociology is a science or not. 社会学家们对于社 会学是
否是一门科学有争议。
to great lengths: make a great deal of effort to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
Some people go to great lengths to make their homes attractive. 有些人千方百计把他们的家
布置得很吸引人。
They went to great lengths to keep the affair secret. 他们竭尽全力为这事保密。
sides : support sb. and not others 支持某人；偏袒一方
He has never dared to take sides against his superior. 他从未敢反对他的上级。
Jim always takes sides with Alice. 吉姆总是站在爱丽丝那边。
out: express ones thoughts or feelings through words or behavior 将（思想或情感） 表
达出来
They acted out their frustration. 他们用行动来发泄受挫失望的情绪。
Children‟s strong feelings often get acted out in bad behavior. 孩子们的强烈情感经常 通
过不良行为表现出来。
of: show that sth. exists or is true 表明；意味着
Her behavior speaks of suffering bravely borne. 她的行为反映了她勇敢承受着痛苦。
The whole robbery spoke of inside knowledge on the part of the criminals. 整个抢劫案 表
明罪犯掌握了内情。
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off: drive sb. away from a place 使离开
The shop owner turned off the old beggar. 店主赶走了老乞丐。
The crowd was turned off by the police. 警察赶走了人群。
out: stop listening or paying attention 不理会；不理睬
The children tuned out their mother's commands. 孩子们不理会母亲的吩咐。
She tuned out after I said no extra money was involved. 在我说了之外再没有钱后，她 就
不想听了。
to: well or good enough to do sth. 能适合的；能胜任的
I don‟t feel up to going to work today. 我今天身体不舒服，不能去上班。
He wants to compete at an international level, but I don‟t think he‟s up to it. 他想参加 国际水
准的竞争，但我认为他还不到那个水平。
or less: almost 几乎；差不多
I‟ve more or less finished reading this book. 我差不多快读完这本书了。
The project was more or less a success. 这项计划大体上是成功的。
one’s track: go after sb. or sth. 跟着；跟踪
We followed his tracks through the snow. 我们顺着他的足印在雪地里前进。
The hunters followed the tracks of the animal for hours. 猎人循着动物的脚印追了几 个小
时。
from: except for; besides 除了；除...之外
I hardly know anyone in the city apart from a few of my schoolmates. 除了几个同学之
外，在这个城市我几乎不认识任何人。
He is also interested in classical music apart from pop music. 他对流行音乐感兴趣，对 古
典音乐也感兴趣。
one’s cover: tell people who sb. really is 揭露；揭某人的老底
The enemy‟s cover was blown. 敌人的掩护身份暴露了。
I was pretending to be her sister until she blew my cover. 直到她揭露真相，我一直在 假
装是她的姐姐。
of character: not typical of sb.‟s usual behavior 与某人个性不相符
Her behavior last night was quite out of character. 昨晚她的举止颇有点反常。
I can‟t believe he would have quarreled—it seems so out of character. 我不相信他会吵 架
──这太不像他了。
of bounds: (of a place) not allowing sb. to go there 禁止进入的
Bars are out of bounds to minors. 未成年人禁止进入酒吧。
The school canteen is out of bounds for outsiders. 校外人员禁止在学校食堂用餐。
2. Paragraph Meaning
Para. 1: Because of the standard criticism of sociological research, the author wants to
describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate it.
Para. 2: My friend and I went downtown to shop wearing untidy and inappropriate clothes
Para. 3: The aim of wearing like that was to look like street people and to observe what
difference that made in the way other people responded to us, and it turned out there
was no need for dramatics.
Para. 4: They went to different places, such as bargain store, a large hotel and a second-hand
shop, etc.
Paras.5-6: It was prejudice time.
Para. 7: We learnt through our experiment that people judge by appearances.
Para. 8: There was, however, one surprise-more accurately, a shock.
29

Para. 9: We found ourselves accepting and internalizing the prejudiced judgments of
ourselves, which was a good lesson to learn for sociologists.

1. Language Points
1. A standard criticism of sociological research is that it goes to great lengths to prove what
most people with common sense already know. (Para. 1)
Meaning: People normally criticize sociological research for trying too hard to show a fact that
is already known to most people with common sense.
2. Without exactly taking sides for or against that criticism... (Para. 1)
Meaning: Not showing one's support or one's opposition to a particular criticism...
3. ... I want to describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate it... (Para. 1)
Meaning: ... I want to describe a sociological experiment that might seem to prove it...
4. ... the experience made a common claim come alive. (Para. 1)
Meaning: ... the experience is a vivid example of a common claim.
5. We carried plastic bags of nameless possessions. (Para. 2)
Meaning: We carried plastic bags which contained things of little value.
6. I wore a wool hat that concealed my hair and an unfashionable coat and glasses with
sunshades that clipped on. (Para. 2)
Meaning: I wore a wool hat that hid my hair from view and a coat not in fashion and eyeglasses
with sunshades attached.
7. The aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the way
other people responded to us... (Para. 3)
Meaning: The aim was to look like people who live on the streets (i.e., homeless people) and
see how people reacted to us...
8. ... whether the appearance of poverty would invite prejudice on us. (Para. 3)
Meaning: ... whether the fact that we looked poor would make people have prejudice against us.
9. We were also prepared to act out some mildly unusual behaviors that might speak of some
emotional problems... (Para. 3)
Meaning: We also got ready to do some slightly unusual deeds to show that we might have
some emotional problems...
10. As it turned out, there was no need for dramatics... (Para. 3)
Meaning: As it happened, there was no need for behavior that shows too much emotion...
11. ... people turned us off or tuned us out on the basis of appearance alone. (Para. 3)
Meaning: ... people drove us away or ignored us simply because of our appearance.
12. ... in the bargain store of a local charity, where we politely asked access to a bathroom
and were refused. (Para. 4)
Meaning: ... in a local charity store which offers goods at a lower price. There we politely
asked to use a bathroom but were refused.
Note that Charity is a billion- dollar business in developed countries. It is the short form for
charitable trust, foundation or corporation set up entirely for charitable purposes. These are set
up for specific purposes, such as curing diseases, providing goods or services for people or
areas that lack them, nature conservation, and many others. In most developed countries a
charitable organization needs, by law, to register with the government. This is to reduce the
possibilities of fraud and increase the opportunities for charities to receive tax breaks.
13. We weren't up to trying our act at an exclusive restaurant, so we wandered around the
first floor and left. (Para. 4)
30

Meaning: We were not prepared to act out our unusual behavior at an expensive restaurant, so
we walked around the first floor and then left.
14. ... where we more or less blended with the customers... (Para. 4)
Meaning: ... where we almost mixed with the customers...
15. It was prejudice time. (Para. 5)
Meaning: During all this time we suffered from a lot of prejudice.
16. Clerks in stores followed our track to watch our every move. (Para. 5) Meaning: The
people who worked in the stores followed us and watched every movement we made.
17. ... it seemed worth that price to have us out the door. (Para. 5)
Meaning: ... it seemed worth $$2 to get us out of the door.
18. At one doorway, a clerk physically blocked the entrance apparently to discourage our
entry. (Para. 5)
Meaning: A shop assistant stood in one doorway, obviously to stop us from getting in.
19. ... apart from wearing down- scale clothing, we did nothing in any of these settings to
draw attention to ourselves... (Para. 6)
Meaning: ... except for the cheap clothing we wore, we did nothing in any of these situations
to get people to notice us...
20. At one establishment we did blow our cover... (Para. 6)
Meaning: At one shop, we did reveal our true identity to others...
21. ... that may have been too far out of character for ... that
behavior may have gone beyond what bag ladies normally do.
22. Elsewhere we encountered ribbing, imitating, lack of trust, and rude stares. (Para. 6)
Meaning: In other places we met people making fun of us, copying our manners, not trusting
us, and staring at us in a rude way.
23. Just looking poor brings with it prejudice, accompanied by removal of much of the social
grace most of us take for granted. (Para. 7)
Meaning: The appearance of poverty alone brings with it prejudice, together with the loss of
good manners that most of us think we should be treated with.
24. Lacking the culturally acceptable symbols of belonging in this setting, we became, to a
degree, objects, with less inherent dignity as persons. (Para. 7)
Meaning: Because we didn‟t show what is acceptable behavior in this cultural setting, we were
regarded, to some extent, as objects rather than people deserving respect.
Notice that when “belong” is followed by “in”, it means “be in the right place or situation”. In
this sense it is different from “belong to”. For example: Wild animals don‟t belong in a zoo. 野
生动物不应该在动物园里。The car belongs to the woman next door. 这辆车是隔壁那位女
士的。
25. ... where a clerk conspicuously positioned herself in the entrance on seeing us. (Para. 8)
Meaning: ... where a shop assistant stood in the entrance in an obvious manner to stop us from
entering when she saw us.
26. The place felt out of bounds for us. (Para. 9)
Meaning: We felt that we were not allowed to go into the place.
27. ... internalizing the superficial and prejudiced judgments of ourselves...
(Para. 9)
Meaning: ... gradually accepting the shallow and prejudiced judgments of ourselves...
28. ... prevailed among the people we met... (Para. 9)
Meaning: ... was widespread among the people we met...
31

29. ... we catalogued ourselves. (Para. 9)
Meaning: ...we put ourselves into certain groups or categories.
30. Undoubtedly, it's a good lesson to learn, maybe especially for sociologists.
(Para. 9)
Meaning: There is no doubt that people can learn something from our experiment, especially
sociologists.

2.
Summary or Main Idea of the Passage.
i. Student’s Presentation
（T asks 2-3 students to make presentation.）
ii. Teacher’s Summary
On the purpose of validating the standard criticism of sociological research, the author
and a classmate conducted an experiment. They wore inappropriate clothes and acted or
some unusual behaviors that might speak of some emotional problems. And finally, they not
only learnt people judged them by appearances but also found they themselves accepting and
internalizing the prejudiced judgments.
V. New Words Dictation
Section A
1. elegant
6. reserve
11. critic
re
Section B
1. tidy
6. bargain

l

2. application
7. convey

ive
2. conceal
7. wander
any
sides
3. substitute
8. specific
tive
r
3. poverty
8. scale

of
4. professional

sive

4. mild
9. discourage
nt
from
5. approval
y
s

5. emotional
e
al
out
VI. After-text B Exercises
1. Vocabulary: Students are asked to master the key words and phrases.
32

VII. Supplementary Exercises
i. English-Chinese Translation
has a degree in sociology and political science.
2. It is undoubtedly the best French film this year.
3. I‟ve more or less finished reading this book.
4. These are rude stone tools.
5. She was continuously ribbed about her accent.
ii. Chinese-English Translation
1. 有些人千方百计把他 们的家布置得很吸引人。
2. 敌人的掩护身份暴露了。
3. 我今天身体不舒服，不能去上班。
4. 除了几个同学之 外，在这个城市我几乎不认识任何人。
5. 未成年人禁止进入酒吧。
6. 他们用行动来发泄受挫失望的情绪。
7. 贫病交加，她被折磨倒了。
8. 屋子前停了一辆红色的货车。
9. 孩子们不理会母亲的吩咐。
10. 那天暴风骤雨。
iii. Complete the Following Sentences in English
1. She‟s beginning to (开始有皱纹) around her eyes.
2. (她呆在遮阳伞下面),when others were swimming in the sea.
3. I was pretending to be her sister until (她揭露真相).
4. The Queen always speaks to the public (维持着高贵端庄的仪态).
5. Her behavior last night was (颇有点反常).

VIII. Assignments
1. Hand in the exercise of ……. ….
2. Finish the other after-text A & B exercises after class.
3. Supplementary Exercises
i. English-Chinese Translation （5 sentences）
ii. Chinese-English Translation （10 sentences）
iii. Complete the Following Sentences in English
4. Preview Unit 7
33

附：
Keys for Supplementary Exercises

i. English- Chinese Translation

1. 她拥有社会学和政治学的学位。
2. 毫无疑问，这是本年度最好的法国影片。
3. 我差不多快读完这本书了。
4. 这是些粗糙的石制工具。
5. 她常因口音受别人取笑。
ii. Chinese-English Translation
1. Some people go to great lengths to make their homes attractive.
2. The enemy‟s cover was blown.
3. I don‟t feel up to going to work today.
4. I hardly know anyone in the city apart from a few of my schoolmates.
5. Bars are out of bounds to minors.
6. They acted out their frustration.
7. She had been worn down by poverty and illness.
8. A red van was parked in front of the house.
9. The children tuned out their mother's commands.
10. It had strong winds accompanied by heavy rain.
iii. Complete the Following Sentences in English
1. get wrinkles
2. She stayed under the sunshade
3. she blew my cover
4. with grace and dignity
5. quite out of character


34

说句心里话作文-愚人节的来历

英语能力等级量表-吉林省高考改革

北京中考时间-元宵节放假安排

广州市真光中学-民情日记

孤独的文章-淮海工学院

销售策划-世界国土面积排名

郑州回民中学-事业单位年度考核个人总结

广州铁路职业技术学院自主招生-植树节活动