英语文学类书单
玛丽莲梦兔
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2020年07月31日 03:52
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正文结束，下面举一个例子，说明一下我们的英语技能课如何培养对语言和文体的掌握能力。我教高级英语的时候，会按照主题让同学写一个段落，比如这周的主题是建筑和空间。我们会先读一些范例（狄更斯、奥威尔等），然后写一个客观描述的段落，最后改成以一个行动中人物为视角的空间描绘。下面两段是我自己写的，都是关于我们教学楼的。
Most of my teaching at Fudan takes place in a yellow concrete four-storied building spanning 100 meters in width, referred to plainly as Instruction Building No. 5. There are two entrances on the first floor, facing each other, on the east side of the building. The building can also be entered through the Humanities Hall, linked to Building No. 5 by passageways, one on each floor, on the west side. The bridging structure forms a rectangular space with the walls of the two buildings, which is often used as a small garden, with a corner for parking bikes. At the west end of the first floor of Building No. 5, there is a notice board, covered routinely in large-sized flyers for lectures, contests, and elections. The cement stairs are plain, almost crude, lined with plastic railings, twice as broad as standard stairs in multi-storied buildings that you may find on quaint college campuses in Europe or America. With no paint or carpeting, though, the stairs in Building No.5 are at least pleasantly odorless. The hallways are just as nondescript and bare, but the humble wooden doors on both sides open onto surprisingly well-equipped smart classrooms, differing in size and seating arrangements, but invariably furnished with a white podium, remotely controlled from a certain room in an adjacent building. Seats in the classrooms are rarely sloped as in film auditoriums, but an instructor can see every student and engage the class when she makes an effort.
She steps into a classroom on the fourth floor of the No.5 building, where she attended courses as a college student many years ago. Long separation often makes places from one’s childhood seem smaller than how they are remembered, but buildings from college days don’t shrink that easily. Nevertheless, she’s no longer intimidated by the idea of taking control of the room. She takes her place comfortably in front of it, standing on a slightly raised platform. For the next two hours, this will be her stage. It’s a modest and limited space that she has to share with an over-sized white podium, but it brings possibilities like any other stage. Nothing but sudden wafts of smell and noise from outside the big windows punctuate the magic of this bubble of a room. When she opens the lid of the podium, a screen rolls out from the scroll on top of the board and comes down to its bottom edge, reminding her of a full sail on a sloop, with herself as the captain. Rows of seats unfold in front of her, all taken. She knows that
she belongs here, right in front of the room, and only she knows how long it has taken her to feel this way.
任何写作练习都最好先有范文，然后就现成的材料进行写作和改写，有时候也可以直接改写或概括其它文章，或者与回译练习结合起来。花多年功夫有望逐渐学会用不同语言风格来描绘、分析不同事物。大学期间也就是上道而已，后面还有很长的路要自己走。
在生活中也可以多想想一件事情一个动作如何表达，一个物品或动物怎么用英语来说。
当然，我们每个老师的教学方法是不一样的，各有特色。我这里难免特别强调一下自己的理念。
~~~
补充：后来同学们问了几个问题，我略为解答一下。
1． 怎么增加词汇？阅读速度慢生词多怎么办？
这个说来话长，阅读的时候除了精读材料，一般不要查阅太多生词。不过增加词汇量也不能只靠阅读（除非你从小就在读），要背专门的词汇书(托福GRE这种)，或者找特殊的分类词典来帮助记忆。名词(Oxford Pictorial English Dictionary) 和动词 (various dictionaries of phrasal verbs)分别有自己的词典。
还有把所有词汇按照语义分类的网站，比如以下这个：
/v4/1.4
2．阅读怎么进阶？
可以从比较短篇的小说、散文或其它说明论述文开始。
英语短篇小说大师很多，最好的有几个:
Flannery O’Connor, All That Rises Must Converge
Ernest Hemingway, Men Without Women
William Faulkner, Selected Short Stories
James Joyce, Dubliners
你当然可以无限加下去。。。
散文可以看这里：/od/developingessays/a/
中篇小说(novella)经典的不少，可以看看这个单子： /2011/12/29/20-brilliant-novellas-you-should-read/
长篇小说来说，一般还是可以从奥斯丁和勃朗特、狄更斯这些语言比较通俗的作家开始。奥斯丁的语言很抽象，概括性强，也相对最好读。遇到哈代这样的小说家就吃力多了，可以作为高级读物。
英文系的同学也是可以多看看翻译文学的，有空可以在网上或书店看看这方面新书。
不过其实本科生日程那么密，没有很多读书的时间，所以可以挑重要作家每人看一点点，课内本来就要读，课外可以自己再稍微加点。研究生或工作后再增加阅读量也来得及，不过本科时一定要至少读一点原著，不能只读文学史。
文学之外好书无数，学校里的通识课也多（有时候通识课要求过于纷繁），同学们也可以选一个有兴趣的历史或社科话题，看点入门基础的书。看书还是有一点体系比较好。
先说这些吧，已经犯了啰嗦病了。。以前也陆续写过与英语学习相关的文章：
/note/335323953/
/note/305104021/
等。 广。