11.垂悬修饰语
绝世美人儿
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2020年07月31日 15:21
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量杯的拼音-闺门
（Dangling Modifier）
垂悬修饰语是指一个句子中同其他词没有明显修饰关系的成分。一般都出现在句子的句首，用作状语。形式有分词短语、介词+动名词、不定式短语和省略性子句等四种。判断该词组是滞为垂悬修饰语的基本原则是看它逻辑意义上的主语是否与所在句子的主语相一致，如不一致，该状语就成了垂悬修饰语，试以下面二句为例：
Hearing a number of amusing stories, our visit was thoroughly enjoyable.
To remain healthy, a balanced diet is important.
在第一句，状语hearing a number of amusing stories的逻辑主语并非句子主语our visit， 第二句中状语to remain healthy与句子主语a balanced diet在逻辑意义也不一致。因此这两个状语词组都成了各自句中的垂悬修饰语，在意义上是错误的，改正的方法有二：
1．修饰主句中的主谓语部分，使与修饰语逻辑上的主语一致起来。如：
Hearing a number of amusing stories, we thoroughly enjoyed our visit.
To remain healthy, one needs a balanced diet.
2．修改垂悬修饰语部分，使其在逻辑上符合主句意义。
Since we heard a number of amusing stories, our visit was thoroughly enjoyable.
If a person is to remain healthy, a balanced diet is important.
下面列举四种形式的垂悬修饰语及两种修改的办法：
1．分词短语
误：Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eyes can reach.
正：Looking out of the window, we found the grassland stretched as far as the eyes could reach.
正：If you look out of the window, you will find the grassland stretches as far as the eyes can reach.
误：Rotten in the cellar, we had to throw away the potatoes.
正：Rotten in the cellar, the potatoes were thrown away (by us).
正：As the potatoes in the cellar had rotten, we had to throw them away.
2．介词+动名词短语
误：On entering the room, refreshments were being served.
正：On entering the room, I found that refreshments were being served.
正：When I entered the room, refreshments were being served.
3．不定式短语
误：To play tennis well, the racket must be held properly.
正：To play tennis well, one must hold the racket properly.
正：If one wishes to play tennis well, he must hold the racket properly.
4．省略性子句
误：When only five years old, my father took me to a circus.
正：When only five years old, I was taken to a circus by my father.
正：When I was only five years old, my father took me to a circus.
如前所述，在大多情况下，垂悬修饰语可以根据“修饰语的逻辑主语是否即是主句中的主语”这一原则来判断。但要注意，当状语修饰语是用业表示对整个主句进行概括或总结意义时，它本身在逻辑上已具有独立意义，