的字短语-钐怎么读

大学专业八级的改错练习20
The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may seem t ...
The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough
and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical __1__ words have “less meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them __2__ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. But this is a rather __3__ misled way of expressing the distinction. Although a word like the is not the name __4__ of something as man is, it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a __5__ sharp difference in meaning between “man is vile” and “the man is vile”, yet theis the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. Moreover, grammatical words __6__ differ considerably among themselves as the amount of meaning they have even in __7__ the lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been “little words.”
But size is by no mean a good criterion for distinguishing the grammatical words.” __8__ of English, when we consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. __9__ Apart from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say:
we certainly do create a great number of obscurity when we omit them. This is __10__ illustrated not only in the poetry of Robert Browning but in the prose of telegramsand newspaper headlines.
答案：
1 删掉the此处的most并不表示obvious的最高级，而是用作副词修饰obvious，表示程度很高，因此前面不能加the。
2 将but改为and根据文章的意思，这里要用并列关系的and。
3 将in改为to。as apposed to 是固定搭配，意思是“与……相比”。
4 将misled改为misleading
5删掉away。此处考查固定用法。 far from being...意思为“远非”“远远不怎么样”，符合这里的意思。而far away from 表示离某处很远。
6 将single改为only或者sole。这里要表达“唯一的”。
7 在as后面加to或者将as 改为in。联系上下文，此处的意思是“grammatical words 本身在某某方面也有相当的差异，”as to 有“关于”或者“在某某方面的意思”；将as改为in，用differ from something in…也可表达这个意思。
8 将mean改为means
9 将as改为like，或者在as前面加such
10 将number改为deal或者amount。obscurity是不可数名词，不能用a number of 来修饰
More people die of tuberculosis than of any other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably been the case in quite a while. During the __1__ early stages of the industrial revolution, ...
More people die of tub
erculosis than of any other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably been the case in quite a while. During the __1__ early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh __2__ deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the disease. From __3__ now on, though, western eyes, missing the global picture, saw the trouble __4__ going into decline. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death andinfection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and __5__ 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the introduction of antibiotics strengthened the trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed to be imported to __6__ poor countries. Medical researchers declared victory and withdrew.
They are wrong. In the mid1980s the frequency of infections and deaths __7__ started to pick up again around the world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came __8__ back; in many places where it had never been away, it grew better. The World __9__ Health Organization estimates that 1.7 billion people (a third of the earth’s population)suffer from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was falling,population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 __10__ million a year. Around 3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor countries.
答案：
tuberculosis n.肺结核
antibiotics n.抗生素, 抗生学
1 将in改为for。for quite a while 作 “相当长时间”讲.
2 将seventh改为seven
3 将were改为was。这个谓语动词的主语是单数短语 one in every seven deaths, 因此要使用单数.
4将now 改为then
5将Europe前的the 去掉
6 将imported改为exported。根据上下文,应该是向穷国出口抗生素,而不是从这些国家进口抗生素.
7 将are 改为were
8 在vanished 前加had。这里要表达的是 “结核病原来消失的地方,又爆发了结核病”,所以要使用过去完成时.
9 将better改为worse。在结合病没有消失的地方,这种病更加严重了,因此要用worse.
10 将constantly改为constant。在 “keep sb/ sth adj”结构中的形容词作补语.
大学专业八级的改错练习22
One of America’s most important export is her modern music. __1__ American popular music is playing all over the world. It is enjoyed __2__ by people of all ages in all countries. Because ...
One of America’s most important export is her modern music. __1__ American popular music is playing all over the world. It is enjoyed __2__ by people of all ages in all countries. Because the lyrics are English, __3__ nevertheless people not speaking English enjoy it. The reasons forits popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic music has many origins in the United States. Country music,coming from the suburban areas in the southern United States, is one __4__ source. Country music features simple themes and m
elodies describingday-to-day situations and the feelings of country people. Many peopleappreciate this music because the emotions expressed by country __5__ music songs.A second origin of American popular music is the blues. It depicted __6__ mostly sad feelings reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks. Itis usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is not popular with __7__ all Americans.
Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style, featuringfast and repetitious rhythms, was influenced by the blues and countrymusic. It is first known as rock-and- roll in the 1950’s. Since then there __8__ have been many forms of rock music, hard rock, soft rock, punk rock,disco music and others. Many performers of popular rock music areyoung an popular music is marketed to a demanding popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Somesongs become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sing __9__ in their original English or sometimes translated into other languages.
The words may coincide but the enjoyment of the music is universal. __10__
答案：
1改export为exports。export作可数名词时指出口商品,同时根据one of 结构也可以知道这里export要用复数结构.
2 改playing为played。动词play和句子主语American popular music是逻辑动宾关系,必须用被动语态.
3 改Because为Though或者Although。此句为让步状语从句.
4 改suburban为rural。这里属于词义用错,suburban为城市郊区,乡村音乐显然来自乡村地区.
5 改because为because of
6 改depicted为depicts。本句错在时态.句意为 “blues大多抒发哀伤情感,反映美国黑人的艰难生活.”为与全文主导时态一致,不能用过去时.此外,blues现在的风格依旧,故用现在时.
7 将not去掉.
8 改is为was。此句有过去时间状语 in the 1950’s, 陈述过去的一个事实,故用一般过去时态.
9 改sing为sung。sung 引导过去分词短语作宾语补足语,表被动意思.
10 改coincide为differ（在may后加not也可以）。此句含有连词but,整个句意含有转折语气.
大学专业八级的改错练习23
Cities can be frightened places. The majority of __1__ the population live in noisy massive tower blocks. The sense of belonging to a community tends to appear __2__ when you live thirty floors u ...
Cities can be frightened places. The majority of __1__ the population live in noisy massive tower blocks. The sense of belonging to a community tends to appear __2__ when you live thirty floors up in a skyscraper. Strange __3__ enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks even say hello to each __4__ y life, on the other hand, differs from thiskind of isolated existence in that a sense of communityge
nerally keep the inhabitants of a small village togeth- __5__ er. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. So __6__ country life has disadvantages too. For example, shopping becomes a major problem and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go for an expe- __7__ dition to the nearest large town. The country has theadvantage of peaceful and quiet, but suffers from the __8__ isadvantages of being cut off. The city has noise and population which do harm to human health. But one oftheir main advantages is that you are at the centre of __9__ things and that life doesn’t come to an end even at ten at night. Some people have found a compromise be-tween the two: they expressed their preference for thequiet life by leaving for the city and moving to the __10__ country within commuting distance of the large city.
答案：
1.把frightened改为frightening。frightened是“受到惊吓的”，表明心理状态，而frightening表示“令人害怕的”，表示事物性质。
2.把appear改为disappear。“当你住在摩天大厦的三十层里”，可以推测这里要表达的是归属感的消失，而不是产生归属感。
3.把Strange改为Strangely。Strangely enough，是固定短语，经常用作插入语，意思是“说也奇怪，最奇怪的是”。
4.在say前面加上don’t。此处说的是，现在住在同一层楼的人甚至见面都不打招呼。
5.把keep改为keeps。in that 引导的句子主语应该是 a sense，故谓语应为单数。本句的意思是，农村生活与这种隔绝孤立的生活不同，因为一种归属感把小村里的居民联系在一起。
6.把so 改为but/yet。上文提到了乡村生活的好处，下文是转折，要用but或者yet。
7.把for改为on。“去远征”应该用go on a expedition，而go for 的意思是“去找，努力获取，拥护”。
8.把peaceful改为peace。of 后面不应该用形容词，所以应该改为peace。这里需要注意的是quiet既是名词又是形容词，不要被迷惑。
9.把their改为its。此处的代词应该指代上文的 the city。
10.删除leaving后面的for，或者把for改为from。leave表示“离开某地”，而leave for表示“离开某地去另外一个地方”，for后面接的是目的地。本句说的是离开城市，搬到乡村，所以for是多余的
大学专业八级的改错练习24
Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can givepleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. __1__ The most significant the task ahead, the more careful ...
Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can givepleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. __1__ The most significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning __2__ required. Getting to school or to work on time is a ta
sk requiring few __3__ or no planning, it is almost routine. A month’s touring holiday abroad,or better still, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the matter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, __4__ and returning a new home, this requires even more planning to make __5__ sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we can not suffer. It is equally essential __6__ to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree __7__ of importance does not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources __8__ and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly __9__ household budget. Both are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage __10__ and over-expenditure.
答案：
1 将and 改为 or。or表示“或者”，因为前后是两种截然不同的可能性，所以应该用or。
2 将most改为 more
3 将few改为little
4 将involve 改为 involves。因为主语 the matter 为单数，例如：Although planning involves material investment, even more important is the investment in man.虽然作机会应该包括物资投资，但最重要的是对人的投资。
5 在returning后加介词to
6 将suffer改为afford
7 去掉be。vary是动词，可与助动词或者情态动词构成谓语，也可以独立构成谓语，例如：The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountain districts.
8 去掉the。in essence 是固定习语，意为“本质上，实质的“
9 将do改为 does。主语是动名词复合结构 a nation planning its resources and needs, 应视为单数，例如：Looking after children requires patience.
10 将improperly改为 properly
大学专业八级的改错练习25
Tracing missing persons can take much patient detective work. But a specialkind of “private eye” can trace the missing ancestors of whole peoples bystudying the clues buried by words. __1__ ...
Tracing missing persons can take much patient detective work. But a specialkind of “private eye” can trace the missing ancestors of whole peoples bystudying the clues buried by words. __1__ These philologists, such as the language detectives are called, have traced __2__ the word trail back from peoples in Europe, India, South Africa, the Americas,and the Pacific islands in a tiny nameless, and forgotten tribe that roamed central __3__ Eurasia 5000 to 6000 years ago, before the dawn of writing history. __4__ Since a long time scholars have been puzzled over the striking __5__ difference of words in different languages. In Dutch, vader; in Latin, pater;in __6__ old Irish, athir; in Persian, pidar;in the Sanskrit of distant India, pitr.
These words all sounded likely and meant the same thing—“father” __7__ Where did it happen that widely separated
peoples used such __8 close related sound symbols? The problem baffled linguists for years. The more so __9__ because “father” was but one of a host of such coincidences. Towards the end of the 18 century it dawned on scholars that perhaps all these words stemmed __10__ from some common language.
答案:
1 将by改为in。(be) buried in 意思为 “被…所掩盖,掩蔽于…”
2 将such去掉。在这里as是连词,引导状语从句.
3 将第一个and改为to (这个句子长,小心上当呀)。以便和前文的from构成搭配 “from…to…”,表示 “从……到……”.
4 将writing改为written`。“有文字记载的历史”英语为 “written history”.
5 将Since改为 For。因为since做介词, 表示 “自从……起” 之意时,后面一般不跟表示一段时间的名词.
6 将difference改为similarity。从后面的例子我们可以看出,作者在这里讲述的是文字的惊人的相同之处,而不是不同之处.
7 将likely改为alike。likely 意思为 “很可能的”,不做 “相同的,相似的”解.
8 将where改为why。这里不是问地点而是问原因,从后面的because也可以看出.
9 将close改为副词closely。因为形容词close不能修饰过去分词related.
10 将18改为 18th.。The more so because “father” was but one of a host of such coincidences.
这句话的the more so because是什么意思呢, 以为人家出版社错了,不过看两本资料都这么写. 有谁看得懂么?还是说真的是出错了.原来the more so because意思为: 更何况. ^_^

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