2002年8月TOEFL语法笔记
绝世美人儿
618次浏览
2020年08月01日 06:30
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
眷顾的意思-收回成命
2002年8月TOEFL语法笔记
编委:站在水的中央
审委:水妖
1. Over the centuries, ____ that try to explain the origins of the universe.
(A) although many theories
(B) many theories
(C) have many theories been
(D) there have been many theories
Key:D
分析:考点是主谓结构。题干部分是一个that从句,表明所选正确答案必须有主句的主谓结构。答案D,there be 句型,that从句作theories的定语从句。
(A) 是一个Although从句,没有主句,不对;
(B) 如果选B,该句子就没有了主句的谓语;
(C) 语序混乱,错。
参考译文:在过去的几个世纪里,曾有很多试图去解释宇宙起源的理论。
2. The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass _____ Earth, with a similar interior, including a nickel-iron core.
(A) to
(B) as
(C) is
(D) than
Key:B
分析:考点是固定结构。the same ...... as, 与......相同的,固定结构。
参考译文:金星的大小、质量与地球几乎完全一样,它们的内部结构相似,都有一个镍-铁内核。
3. George Washington Carver ____ international fame for revolutionizing agriculture research in the southern United States during the early twentieth century.
(A) won
(B) winning
(C) who has won
(D) the winner of
Key:A
分析:考点是谓语成分。先找句子主干,主语G.W.C ,宾语international fame,后面for......是原因状语,全句看下来都没有谓语动词,所以选A。
(B)(C)(D)都不是谓语动词形式,无法构成句子的谓语,错。
参考译文: 20世纪早期,G.W.C在美国南部进行了革命性的农业研究,这一研究为他赢得了国际知名度。
4. Constituting one of the earliest engineering techniques, ______ in Paleolithic time was done in order to extend natural caves.
(A) tunnels were built
(B) which built tunnels
(C) the building of tunnels
(D) tunnels whose building
Key:C
分析:考点是主语成分。 was done谓语, in order to...状语。所以要选的必然是主语。答案C,动名词短语做句子主语。
(A) 主谓结构,不能做句子主语,错
(B) 非限制性定语从句,还是不能做主语,错
(D) 定语从句whose building没有其谓语,而且主句谓语用的是was所以前面的主语必须是单数,错。
参考译文:隧道的建造属于最早的工程技术之一,在旧石器时代,隧道的建造是用来延伸自然洞穴。
5. The tulip tree is native to the eastern United States , _____ the tallest and larges broadleaf tree.
(A) where
(B) where it is
(C) it is where
(D) is where
Key:B
分析:考点是定语从句。题干中the tulip tree is native to the eastern US本身是一个完整的主谓结构,所以要选的正确答案either是一个非
谓语结构or从句引导词+主谓结构。答案B,where引导定语从句修饰eastern US。
(A) 使从句没有了谓语,错;
(C) 引导词位置不对, 从句的顺序应该为:引导词+主谓;
(D) 同上理,而且where引导的从句无主语。
参考译文:鹅掌揪源于美国东部,在那儿它是最高大的阔叶树。
6. Elementary schools in the United states provide formal education ______ arithmetic, science, social science, and communication skills that include reading, writing , spelling, and speaking.
(A) such subjects as basic in
(B) as basic subjects in such
(C) in such basic subjects as
(D) as in such basic subjects
Key:C
分析:考点是固定搭配。空格前面是个完整的主干,而后面的要么是状语,修饰整个句子;要么是修饰education的后置定语。such as的结构可以是such as......或者such......as......。答案C,介词短语修饰education。这里用的就是such...as。
(A)答案A是个名词短语,不能做education的后置定语,除非有逗号格开,作为插入语;
(B)(D)语序混乱。
参考译文:美国的小学提供诸如在算术,自然科学,社会科学和交流技巧之类基础科目的正式教育,其中的交流技巧包括读、写、拼和说。
7. ______ land and money enabled construction of the Union Pacific railroad to begin from Council Bluffs, Iowa , in 1865.
(A) By the government granting of
(B) Government grants of
(C) For the government to grant
(D) Government grants so that
Key:B
分析:考点是主语成分。谓语enabled前面的land and money可能是主语也可能是主语的一部分。1,如果land and money是主语,前面必然是一个独立的状语成分,或者是一个从句。 2,如果land and money是主语的一部分,前面应该是个名词或者名次短语作主语的主体。
(A)介词短语无法作句子的主语,错;
(C)同上理;
(D)是个主从复合句,但grants时态错,后面in 1865,决定了必然是一般过去时,而且grant后面应该有宾语。
参考译文:1865年,政府准予的土地和金钱使得起始于爱荷华州CB的U.P.铁路最终得以动工建设。
8. Appointments to the United States Supreme Court and all lower federal courts ____ by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(A) making
(B) to make
(C) are made
(D) have made
Key:C
分析:考点是谓语结构和语态。空格处应该填谓语。而由句意和后面的标志词by,可知,应该用被动语态。答案C。
(A)(B)是非谓语,错;
(D)不是被动语态,错。
参考译文:美国高院和所有低等法院的职位,是由总统参照参议院的建议和赞同选定而得。
9. The name "squirrel" is commonly used for those forms of the family Sciuridae that live in trees, __
___ it is equally accurate for ground dwelling types.
(A) whether
(B) that
(C) although
(D) in spite of
Key:C
分析:考点是连词用法的用法。逗号前后是两个完整的句子,差一个连词来进行连接。所以正确答案一定是一个连词。答案C。although,转折连词,"虽然;尽管",也符合句意
(A)虽然也是连词,作"是否, 不管, 无论"讲,无转折之意;
(B)that一般是作宾语从句,主语从句等的引导词,不能直接连接两个句子;
(D)介词短语,后应该接宾语,而非句子。
参考译文:"松鼠"这一名称通常用于那些生活在树上S动物家族,虽然它同样可以被准确地用于居住地面于的动物类型。
10. Green plants combine _____ with water and carbon dioxide to make food.
(A) energy derived from light
(B) energy, derived it from light
(C) energy is derived from light
(D) from light , and energy derived
Key:A
分析:考点是宾语的成分。空格前面是句子的主谓,combine及物,空格应该是其宾语。答案A。是过去分词修饰的名词短语作宾语。
(B)如果选B,derived没有其主语,错;
(C)combine不是可以跟宾语从句的动词,其后出现了主谓结构,错;
(D)combine 的搭配介词应该是with,而非from。
参考译文:绿色植物将来自于光的能量与碳水化合物结合从而产生其需要的食物。
11. From the archeologist's perspective, understanding the past is vitally important and requires ______ of earlier cultures.
(A) the ruins examined
(B) examining the ruins
(C) of the ruins to be examined
(D) that the examined ruins
Key:B
分析:考点是宾语的成分。空格前是及物动词requires,其后应该是宾语。答案B,动名词短语作宾语。
(A)用of 作所有格形式的时候, 它前面应该紧挨名词(a dress of cotton),而A中却是个过去分词,错;
(C)require是及物动词,后面直接接宾语,不需要介词,而且后面的不定式后面也无法接of结构;
(D)that引导的从句,但却缺谓语,错。
参考译文:从考古学家的角度来说,对于过去的了解非常之重要,并且需要考察早期文化的遗迹。
12. The Texas Legislature selected Vassar Miller _____ in 1982, and again in 1988.
(A) was the state's poet laureate
(B) as the state's poet laureate
(C) the state's poet laureate
(D) become the state's poet laureate
Key:B
分析:考点是状语成分。题干部分已经有了完整的主谓结构,所以正确答案either是非谓语or是有连接词的从句。答案B,介词短语做状语。Select ...... as ...... 选sb. 作为 sth,。
(A)是个有谓语的结构,错;
(C)名词短语无法做状语,错;
(D)同理A。
参考译文: V.M在 1982年被德克萨斯州立法会选举为
referring
参考译文:渐进运动是一个隐语,用来指20世纪初出现的一系列改革活动。
18. The pelican is a water bird with a large pouch attached to its bill, which it uses as a scoop
A B C
for catch small fish.
D
Key:D
分析:考点是动词的不定式。use A. as B. to do sth. 。不定式后面用动词原形,如果是介词 for,后面则应该用动名词catching了。
改正:for --> to
参考译文:鹈鹕是一种喙上有个巨大的袋状物的水鸟,它用该袋状物来当作其捕捉小鱼的铲子。
19. The invention of reinforced concrete, plate glass, and steel in the mid-1800's was enabled
A
architects to design and build extremely tall constructions, or "skyscrapers."
tt B C D
Key:A
分析:考点是动词的语态。由句意,动作是由主语invention发出的,所以这里需要用主动语态。
改正:was enabled --> enabled
参考译文:19世纪加固水泥,钢化玻璃和钢筋的发明使得建筑设计师们能够设计并建造极高的建筑,即"摩天大楼"。
20. Acoustics, the study of sounds, is one of the oldest of the physically sciences.
A B C D
Key:D
分析:考点是副词的用法。副词是修饰动词,形容词和其他副词的。而修饰名词得用形容词。
改正:physically --> physical
参考译文:声学,对于声音的研究,是最古老的物理科学之一。
21. Each of functions of the body, even thinking, requires the expenditure of energy.
A B C D
Key:A
分析:考点是名词的单复数。Each(adj.)+ 名词单数 或 each (pron. ) of + 名词单数
改正:of functions --> of function
参考译文:人体的任何作用,甚至思考都会消耗能量。
22. Gourds were introduced to what is now the southwestern United States by earliest
A B
people who migrated north from Mesoamerica about 7000 years ago.
C D
Key:B
分析:考点是形容词的最高级。最高级要有一个in 或者of词组来表示某一范围内的最高,而该句中没有任何此类标志性词组。 再说最高级前面也必须有定冠词the限定,而这也没有。
改正:earliest --> early
参考译文:葫芦是由早期北迁的人们引进如今的美国西南部,这些人在大约7000年前由M地移居北方。
注意:很多T友在金山词霸上查到earliest可作adj.,所以其认为B没错
但我查了ets的权威字典Merriam-Webster ,其中没有这个词条
而longman 字典中, 其只有做名词的解释
earliest noun
formation or ideas used in books, films etc: His act contains a lot of new material.
[+ for]: Anita is collecting material for her new novel.
3.[countable, uncountable] cloth used for making clothes, curtains etc; fabric (1): curtain material
4[countable, uncountable] a solid substance such as wood, plastic, or metal from which things can be made: building materials
37. Only with early seventeenth-century observers did the music of the original inhabitants of
A B C
the United States and Canada entered recorded history.
D
Key:D
分析: 考点是倒装句。only + 介词短语/副词短语做状语提前,后面的主句倒装。这里是一般过去时,前面用了did所以后面只要用动词原型enter就可以了。
改正:entered --> enter
参考译文:只是由于有了17世纪早期的观察家们,美国和加拿大原著民的音乐才得以记录下来。
38. Perhaps the most distinctive features of sharks and undoubtedly one of the most
A B
important reasons for their success is their well-developed sensory system.
C D
Key:A
分析:考点是主谓一致。句子谓语是is,可见前面的主语应该是单数。答案A。
而有人认为,主语应该是distinctive features 和one of reasons ,没错,但他们指的是一样东西,都是well-developed sensory system,其实主语还是一个,所以后面的谓语就用了单数。这样的题目在T中比较少见。
改正:features --> feature
参考译文:可能鲨鱼最为显著的特征,同时也无疑是他们成功的一大重要原因就是他们发展完善的感官系统。
39. The major economic activities of Cheyenne, Wyoming, include transportation, chemicals,
A B C
tourism, but governmental activities.
D
Key:D
分析:考点平行结构。因为前面有了一系列的并列成分,最后一个前面应该加上and。即使假设这里是想表示转折,也应该是but not,而且前面的tourism前面要加上and。
改正:but --> and
参考译文:W州C城市的主要经济活动包括交通、制药、旅游业以及政府活动。
40. The fiction writer, poetry, and critic Edgar Allan Poe is among the most familiar of
A B
American writers and one of the most enigmatic.
C D
Key:A
分析:考点是词的误用。poetry诗歌; poet诗人,由句意,应该是人的职业,从并列结构也可以看出来。
改正:poetry --> poet
参考译文:作为小说家、诗人与评论家Edgar Allan Poe是美国最有名最神秘的作家之一。
水妖的岛(c)T之天堂
语法笔记 /
1
版权所有 水妖的岛
仅供大家考TOEFL参考只用,未经许可,任何人不得将其做商业用途
如需要转载,请注明出处