态度的英语-阂怎么读

ty. She investigated factories where workers were said to be badly treated. She became involved with other women who shared the same ideas about improving social conditions.
3) She decided she would no longer play the part of a politician's wife. Instead, she began to build a life with interests of her own.
4) Franklin Roosevelt was elected president in 1932. His new economic program was called the New Deal.
5) She was different from the wives of earlier presidents in that she was the first to become active in political and social issues.
6) She publicly resigned her membership to protest the action of the group.
7) She spent the last years of her life visiting foreign countries. She became America's unofficial ambassador. She called on Americans to help the people in developing countries.
B.
1) F
2) T
3) T
Task 9:
【原文】
1) One day Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of America's greatest thinkers and philosophers, was visited by a local farmer, who saw a book by Plato in Emerson's library and asked to borrow it. When the farmer returned the book, Emerson asked him how he liked it. The farmer replied, "I liked it. This Plato has a lot of my ideas."

2) During an 18-month period in his early 20s, Sir Isaac Newton invented theories of gravity, light, and color, as well as calculus. At age 85, shortly before his death, he wrote, "I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I have been only like a boy playing on the seashore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me."


Unit 2
Task 1:
【答案】
June 5th，the United Nations，1972，world leaders and citizens how to protect the environment， San Francisco, California，"Plan the Planet"，"Green Cities"，most people now live，more than 75 percent，the former vice president，music concerts，parades，tree plantings，representatives from many environmental organizations
Task 2:
【答案】
A.
1) d
2) a
3) b
4) c
B.
1) Occupational noise
2) Aircraft noise
3) Traffic noise

Task 3:
【答案】
1) F
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) T
6) F
7) F
8) T
9) T
Task 4:
【答案】
A.
Israel and Jordan，365，the lowest point，saltiest，are important to Jews, Christians and Muslims，Minerals，The strange beauty of the sea
B.
Purpose of the project: To help save the Dead Sea from shrinking.
Countries to initiate the project: Israel and Jordan.
Cause of the shrinking: Water that used to flow from the Jordan River into the Dead Sea has been redirected for other uses in the area.
Specific measures: A pipeline of more than 300 kilometers long will be built to pump water from the Red Sea through both countries into the Dead Sea.
Duration of the project: At least three years.
Cost of the project: 1,000 million dollars.
Message sent by this project: The environment, ecology and nature are more important than borders or political conflicts.
C.
1) T
ther.
II. First energy transition: From wood to coal
A. Wood as major fuel
1. Usages: Heat homes, cook food, and produce basic items.
2. Major advantages: It was cheap and easy to get and easy to burn.
B. Coal as major fuel
1. Advantages over wood:
a. It burns for a long time.
b. It burns at a higher temperature.
2. Good effects on many Western countries in the 1800s and the early 1900s:
a. The industry developed.
b. People lived a better life.
3. Disadvantages revealed after 50 years of use:
a. Air pollution.
b. High costs, because it is not renewable.
III. Second energy transition: From coal to petroleum
A. Apparent advantages over the previous fuel:
1. It was cheap.
2. It was easy to get.
3. The supply around the world seemed to be large.
B. Reasons for people to favor the new resource:
1. People's need for a better life.
2. Industrial development: The introduction of the internal combustion engine needed liquid fuel.
C. Good effects on people's lives;
It allowed people to travel by car, to heat their homes more efficiently, to buy a greater variety of things, and to purchase more things at lower prices.
D. Disadvantages disclosed after 50 years of use:
1. As a fossil fuel, it is not renewable.
2. The price goes up.
3. It causes environmental pollution.
IV. Conclusion
A. The pattern in the previous energy transitions:
1. The transition is made in order to improve the quality of people's lives.
2. A new energy resource seems to have more advantages than the old energy source, and fewer disadvantages.
B. The third energy transition:
1. Time: The late 20th century and early 21st century.
2. The important things to consider: The effects of this energy transition and the advantages and the disadvantages of the new fuel.

Task 10:
【原文】
Human beings misuse the precious fresh water in two ways. It is wasted through careless use and polluted by dumping wastes into it. People build large cities in deserts and grow crops in dry valleys. In the world's dry places, people must learn to avoid waste, to make every gallon count.
People pollute water by dumping sewage and industrial wastes into it or by letting pesticides from farm land run into it. Even ground water is polluted by poisons sinking into the earth. Humanity must learn that nothing just "goes away". People need to treat sewage so it does not pollute the water. They need to keep industrial wastes completely out of the water.

Unit 3
Task 1:
【答案】
A.
1) voice signals，video images，computer data
2) 1983，four million，game-playing，educational，financial，budgeting,，accounting
3) 1983，52 percent，16 percent
4) 18—19，25 percent，18 percent，over-60s，3 percent，87 percent
B.
1) ISDN stands for the integrated services digital network.
2) Some people attribute this growth industry to the recession which led to redundancies and a shorter working week, and this in turn led to more leisure time. Then people began ind
) Steven King writes mystery and horror stories.
Task 9:
【答案】
A.
1) Oprah Winfrey started her book club in the late 1990s.
2) During the first years of her club, Ms. Winfrey often picked books that had not gained huge public interest. Now she is choosing books from the past.
3) East of Eden explores family relations over a long period of time. The story uses themes similar in some ways to the biblical story of the brothers Cain and Abel.
4) Cry the Beloved Country tells what happens when a black clergyman goes to Johannesburg to find his son.
5) a) Book clubs have blossomed in recent years.
b) The publishing industry itself has changed. Many small, independent book sellers are struggling to survive. There are now huge book stores owned by a few national companies.
c) Buyers can also order books through the Internet.
6) One thing that has not changed is that people can still borrow books from their local public library.
B.
1) F
2) T
3) T
Task 10:

【原文】
When Superman burst onto the scene sixty years ago there had never been a character quite like him, and he remains unique today. The innumerable imitators who followed in his wake have acknowledged his primacy by taking on the title of super hero, but Superman did more than start the trend that came to define the American comic book. His influence spread throughout all known media as he became a star of animated cartoons, radio, recordings, books, motion pictures, and television, while his image appeared on products ranging from puzzles to peanut butter. He is perhaps the first fictional character to have been so successfully promoted as a universal icon, yet he also continues to remain a publishing phenomenon whose adventures appear in no less than five monthly comics magazines.
Unit 4
Task 1:
【答案】
A.
1) Temple，Cemetery，Kong Family Mansion.
2) the centre of
3) 33 metres，glazed tiles，stone columns
4) a statue of Confucius，the life story of Confucius
B.
1) F
2) F
3) F
Task 2:
【答案】
A.
1) The kings of ancient Egypt wanted to keep their bodies safe after death and to hold their treasures.
2) It is located on the west bank of the Nile, not far from Cairo.
3) The ancient Egyptians compared the setting of the sun to the end of life and this is why all the pyramids are on the west bank.
4) They were taken across the river in boats at flood time.
5) The limestone, which used to make the pyramid smooth, is gone. So people can climb the huge stones like steps to the top.
6) The Libyan Desert.
B.
Number of blocks of stone: 2,300,000.
Average weight of the blocks: 2.5 tons.
Number of slaves on the project: 100,000.
Number of years taken: 20.
The height of the pyramid: over 450 feet.
Area covered: 13 acres.
Length of each side: 755 feet.
Task 3:
【答案】
A.
1) the joy of the family or the unity of the whole empire
2) the thriving children
3) the rank of an official
B.
1) F
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) T

Task 4:

【答案】
A.
1) It's "Liberty Enlightening the World".
2) It stands on Liberty Island in Upper New York Bay.
B.
Material: mostly copper.
Original color: reddish-brown.
Color now: green.
In her right hand: a torch.
In her left hand: a tablet.
On her head: a crown.
At her feet: a broken chain.
C.
1) a
2) b
3) b
4) b
5) a
6) c
Task 5:
【答案】
A.
1) Their guidelines were too general/unspecific on how to safeguard those artifacts.
2) She thinks that a country is entitled to keep its heritage and with the ownership goes the responsibility to protect it.
3) He was afraid of being accused of selling away the artifacts for personal gain,
4) She suggested having an exhibition abroad.
B.
I. Reasons local communities should be involved.
A. Cultural properties can be appreciated and better protected.
B. The government is unable to take care of everything itself.
II. Education is the key.
A. Lobby aggressively to put heritage subjects into the school curriculum.
B. Produce awareness-raising materials.
C. Build a good distribution system to get the information out to everyone.

Task 6:
【答案】
A.
1) People wanted to build ever more impressive structures, but lacked the technology needed for great buildings.
2) They symbolized power and wealth.
3) It began in 1173.
4) They found that the tower was leaning slightly and began to wait for the tower to settle.
5) The soil was too soft to bear the weight.
6) It has leant to different directions. Now it leans to the south.
B.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) T
6) T
7) F
Task 7:
【答案】
A.
1) a Bronze Age culture was developing
2) it was reserved for vessels
B.
1) It seems to have developed in about 2,200 BC.
2) In the Central Plains of the Yellow River valley.
3) They were made to be used in state ritual and ancestor worship.
4) For over 1,000 years.
5) To represent his land which he had divided into nine provinces.
6) They did this to reaffirm their hereditary rights to power and to persuade the ancestors and deities to influence events favorably.
7) They were buried either in storage pits or in tombs.
C.
Changing
Content of the
Surface of
Bronze VesselstLate Shang DynastytWestern ZhoutThe End of the Bronze Age
Name of the owner or the ancestortAchievements and wishtInscriptions replaced by rich surfaces
Task 8:
【原文】
The Chinese have long believed that the flexible brush is the perfect means to express one's inner spirit. Thus calligraphy with ink on paper or silk, whether by scholars, poets, monks, or government officials, is often considered the highest form of art. Great masterworks from earlier periods such as the Tang Dynasty were used as models for the proper style and proportion of the more than 50,000 Chinese characters. There were also a number of different scripts to choose from. Ancient seal script, used even today for carving seals, conveys an archaic flavor, as does clerical script, developed in the Han Dynas
ty by clerks to record government documents. Calligraphy, however, could also be written in regular, running, or cursive script, not unlike our own choices in English--for example, most of us do not write the small letter a in the printed form, but in more rapid pencil or pen movement. Similarly, Chinese calligraphers usually preferred less formal and more dramatic styles of brushwork to regular script. Some masters, however, combined scripts, such as the painter-poet-calligrapher Zheng Xie, who enjoyed mixing clerical, regular, running, and cursive scripts.

Unit 5
Task 1:
【答案】
A.
It means to do long and steady work.
It is a company that makes a certain product or offers certain services.
It can refer to many large businesses that manufacture goods for sale.
B.
1) make raw materials into finished goods by using machines
2) A country that manufactures and sells many goods
3) 106,000，20，50，2 million
4) one fourth，500 million
C.
l) The United States became an industrial nation in the years after the Civil War.
2) Using machines, people could produce many more goods and provide many more services, travel longer distances, and send messages faster than ever before.
3) They used surface sources for building materials, mostly wood.
4) Coal and iron.
5) By 1900, he owned a steel company, coal and iron mines steamboats and railroads.
Task 2:
【答案】
A.
1) Because this period of great national growth and change provided many business opportunities. Or because with so much growth and change, it was a good time for businesses to start.
2) In 1859.
3) When he was 24, he went into the oil-refining business with partners.
4) He built the family business into an empire of wealth. He controlled banks, steel, and railroads. His banks provided money to run factories and develop mines.
5) They were crowded together. Most had to depend on other people's businesses for jobs, and they had to rely on one another more.
6) Cities grew rapidly. City businesses and services grew: larger schools, hospitals, department stores, fire and police departments, telegraph and telephone companies, and power stations to produce or generate electricity.
B.
1) who sees an opportunity and sets up a new business
2) the crude oil from the well，heating it to separate its substances
3) produced，refined，distributed
4) 56,000 kilometers，1900，six times
C.
Workers could make many more goods with machines. Large companies could buy more raw materials for less money. Also, it cost less per item to make many goods at one time. That meant large companies could sell their products at a lower price. Since the products were cheaper, more people could buy them. Then more trains and ships were needed to move products around.
Task 3:
【答案】
A.
1) F
2) T
3) T
4) T
5) F
B.
1) He means "begin at the beginning of the current account, American industry".
2) The entry for 1934 sees Oklahoma blowing away; a more recent e
en they do more tests, and the ones who fail these tests become soldiers and they live in a communist society and they own no property and they don't have any money, they share everything.
The ones who pass these further tests go on to study philosophy for another 5 years, and then they live practical lives in the real world for another 15 years and then when they're 50, they become "guardians", the political leaders. And their only possession is in fact power.
C.
Four Visions of the Perfect Society

Plato’s RepublictThomas More’s UtopiatH. G. Wells’ UtopiatJames Hilton’s Shangri-La
Positiontt7tt
Political Institutionst8t10, 13t6, 17 19t
Educationtt1tt
People and Societyt3t4, 16t2, 12, 15t5, 11, 18
Childrent14, 20tt9t

Task 5:
【答案】
A.
1) T
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) F
B.
1) The Federal Government has a Senate and House of Commons, and each province, also has a House of Commons.
2) It has two red bands at either end with a red maple leaf in the middle.
3) Yes, they do. Anyone who does not bother to vote has to pay a fine.
4) The New Zealand Parliament has only one house, which it calls the House of Representatives. New Zealand MPs are elected by proportional representaton, while the UK uses the "first past the post" system.
5) The Queen is head of these three governments, but is represented by a Governor-General.
Task 6:
【答案】
A.
1) The Crown represents both the Sovereign--the person on whom the Crown is constitutionally conferred—and the Government, and is the symbol of supreme executive power.
2) Constitutional conventions mean the rules which are not part of the lawThursday).
3) Islamic terrorists.
4) They were shocked and angry, but determined to carry on with their lives.
5) He was at the Group of Eight summit in Scotland.
6) To keep up their fight against terrorism.
7) Hundreds of thousands of Londoners walked home from work in the rain late Thursday
8) On Friday.
B.
1) vast and overwhelming majority，decent and law-abiding，abhor this act of terrorism
2) we will not be intimidated，we will not be changed，we will not be divided，our resolve will hold firm

Task 2:
【答案】
A.
President Bush tRepublican SenatorstDemocratic Senators
What have they done ?tHe has sent the US Senate the names of men and women he’d like to appoint as federal ’ve tried and tried to get a vote on all of the nominees.t
What do they do?tttThe talk and talk and on the Senate floor to stall votes on the nominees.
What do they do?ttBy comfortably winning re-election, the president earned the right to put his choices on the federal president is trying to skew judicial decisions by packing the courts with conservatives.
B.
1) F
2) F
3) F
4) T
5) T
6) F
Task 3:
【答案】
A.
sleep，memory(or: the ability of the brain to form memories)，the memory process，got to sleep，with no sleep in between， Harvard Medical School，continues to learn，exclusively during sleep， scanned，different parts of the brain were active，off-line memory processing，the brain is quite busy (or: not dormant) during sleep，20—30，our memory，a biological necessity
B.
1) F
2) F
3) T
4) T
5) F
6) T
Task 4:
【答案】
A.
1) At the Paris Air Show in France.
2) It’s China’s state-run Aviation Industry Corporation.
3) Medium and short-range commercial aircrafts.
4) The company will first satisfy customers in China and then expand markets in Africa and Southeast Asia.
5) The 70 to 90-seat jet planes.
6) The company will spend 60 million dollars to purchase parts from Chinese companies fot its new 787 Dreamliner and for a new generation of 727 jets.
B.
1) F
2) F
3) T
4) T
5) F

Task 5:
【答案】
A.
Members of the International Whaling Commission have voted down a Japanese effort to overturn a 19-year ban on hunting whales for profit.
B.
Number of member states in International Whaling Commission: 66
Results: 29 to 23 uphold the ban on commercial whaling
Venue of this year's meeting: Ulsan, South Korea
C.
Chris CartertShigeko Misaki
Title/AffiliationtNew Zealand Environment MinistertJapan Whaling Association
Reaction to the votetDelightedtA little surprised
Views on Revised
Management Scheme
(RMS)tIs a "return to the dirty old days"
of whale killingtDisputes environmentalists' claims that all whale species remain endangered
Implications of the
ban on commercial
whalingtHelps protect the profitable whale
watching industry in both New
Zealand and Australiat
Further actions to
be takenttJapan will press forward with plans to doubl
e its scientific whale kills in the coming years.
D.
1) It would have been a first step toward allowing commercial whale hunting.
2) Japan kills about 500 whales a year for what it says is scientific research.
3) $$120 million.
4) Anti-whaling countries and whale conservation still have an upper hand in the commission.
Task 6:
【答案】
A.
1) T
2) F
3) F
4) T
5) T
B.
1) trebled，week on week comparison，modest boost，eight-fold increase，remarkable fourteen times more copies
2) rock stars use charity to disguise self promotion
3) generous donor，he can afford it，maintaining the moral high-ground，principled campaign against poverty

Task 7:
【答案】
A.
1) Less than 2 minutes after a lift-off in the Barents Sea, Cosmos I suddenly stopped sending data. Scientists say it could take days to figure out what happened to it.
2) The Volna booster rocket carrying Cosmos 1 had failed just 83 seconds after launch.
3) It was privately funded by US groups and built in Russia.
4) Solar sail technology.
B.
1) unmanned spacecraft，separated from the booster rocket，8 giant sails，unfurled，blades of a ten-story windmill，catch light particles called photons，110-kilogram
2) windsail，near vacuum of space，large reflective sail，a wind pushing on you
3) science fiction novels，$$30 million，to the sun and beyond

Task 8:
【答案】
A.
Program: Day to Day
Host: Madeleine Brand
Discussant: Stephen Beard, host of "Marketplace"
Subject under discussion: performance of the dollar
I. How well is the dollar doing?
It's doing very well. It's at a 13-month high, or up 12 percent, against the euro, continuing a trend that started at the beginning of the year.
II. Why is the dollar so strong?
A. Higher interest rates in the US
After the Federal Reserve raised interest rates last week, the dollar rose to its highest value in more than a year against the euro.
B. One of depressed conditions in Europe
C. A fairly buoyant economy in the US
The manufacturing data published last week indicates that manufacturing in the US appears
to be rebounding.
III. What's the bad news to a rising dollar?
It's not going to do anything to improve America's huge trade deficit. It's not going to make American exports cheaper abroad, but instead will make imports coming into the US less expensive and therefore widen the huge trade deficit.
B.
1) T
2) F
3) T
4) F
Task 9:
【答案】
A.
Researcher Institution Opinion
Bill Frey Center for Strategic Demographic changes may
and International Studies determine which countries
remain great powers in the future.

Richard Jackson New America Foundation The aging crisis is far worse in most of Europe and in Japan than in the US.
Phil Longman Brookings Institution In today's society, it doesn't make economic sense to have children.

B.
1) c
2) b

3) a
4) a
5) c
C.
1) global economics，security
2) pension，health care，nursing homes，social services for the elderly
3) divert resources from defense and international affairs，recruiting for their militaries
4) the rise and fall of civilizations，demographic trends，contracting populations，military， economically，culturally，expanding populations
5) the united states，grow significantly

Task 10:
【原文】
Looking at Moscow's booming shopping malls or elite supermarkets, it's easy to think there isn't that much wrong with the Russian economy. But there's a growing warning of serious imbalances.
Household spending is continuing to grow strongly, part of a consumer-driven boom and a burgeoning personal credit sector. But elsewhere, the outlook isn't so good. There is pressure to stop using the country's glut of oil dollars to pay off national debt, but to invest it—in areas like hi-tech industry, infrastructure and housing reform.
Russia produces very few internationally marketable consumer goods. And even former flagship industries like civilian aircraft construction, are close to extinction.
Foreign businesses may also be concerned by a new draft bill the Russian government has presented to the country's parliament. The bill, if adopted, would seriously limit foreigners' rights to develop Russian oil and metal deposits, describing them as "vital strategic national interests".

Unit 9
Task 1:
【答案】
A.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) T
6) F
7) T
8) F
9) T
10) T
B.
1) trade and economic growth，resorting diplomatic ties
2) integrate，the global economy，membership，the World Trade Organization
3) democracy，human rights，religion，nationalities，introduce great achievements
4) shared interests，present or past differences
Task 2:
【答案】
A.
They are the leaked British documents that suggest that President Bush told Prime Minister Tony Blair as early as April 2002 of his intention to topple Saddam Hussein by force and was having the intelligence cooked to support his plan.
B.
1) Because the republicans had refused the use of a hearing room.
2) Whether Mr. Bush deliberately misled Congress to make the most important decision a president has to make.
3) On May 1st in the Sunday Times of London.
4) Blair would support military action to bring about regime change in Iraq.
5) A resolution that would require Mr. Bush to announce by the end of the year a plan to withdraw American troops from Iraq.
C.
1) through military action，being fixed around the policy
2) late-blooming issue，the whole buildup for war against Iraq，the search for weapons of mass destruction，the links to terrorists，pretext，an invasion already decided
Task 3:
【答案】
A.
1) F
2) T
3) T
4) T
B.
I.
A. 3
B. 175 million，190million
II.
A. 35，25
B. Africa, Latin America，the Caribbean，Europe，Oceania，North America，the former Soviet Union
C. the United States
el neglect and semi-starvation，his unheard-of act
3) snuff-boxes, jewelry, watches, and handkerchiefs，in imaginary store-windows
4) efforts，in some safe refuge，rewards

Task 7:
【答案】
A.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) T
5) T
6) T
7) F
B.
1) tragic，heroic，against certain fears and terrors，to the end
2) instability，uncertainty，the surface of order
C.
1) His view on mid-18th-century England: It is often depicted as an age dominated by ideas of reason and order. But beneath the surface of genteel life lay an enormous amount of hidden tension, with widespread poverty and crime.
2) His view on Dr. Johnson: Dr. Johnson stands as a vast, magisterial figure. But in fact, he was not nearly as confident and assured a presence as he sometimes appears.
Task 8:
【答案】
1) He had come to the House of Usher in response to a written plea from his boyhood friend.
2) The letter had told of an illness of body and mind suffered by Usher.
3) The Usher family, unlike most, had left only a direct line of descent.
4) Usher's eyes were liquid, and his lips pale. His web-like hair was untrimmed and floated over his brow. All in all, he was a depressing figure.
5) He believed that the house itself exerted great influence over his morale, and even over his spirit. What was worse, he was terribly worried about his dying sister, the only living relative he had.
6) They carried the encoffined body down into the burial vault beneath the house and deposited it upon a trestle.
7) Lady Madeline returned to find her brother. The two fell to the floor in death.
8) The house of horror split asunder in a zigzag manner, down the line of the visitor had seen before.

Task 9:
【原文】
Not to have read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is nearly as sad as never having been to a circus or never having played baseball with the neighborhood gang. Huck is every young boy who ever lived, and he is also an individual worth knowing. He swears and smokes, but, he has a set of ethics of his own. Reared in the South, he believes that slaves belong to their rightful owners, yet in his honest gratitude toward his friend, Jim, he helps him escape his slavery. Huck could not bear to cheat the three innocent girls, but he does not hesitate to steal food when he is hungry. As one literary critic said, "Huck seems to have all the little vices, but also possesses all the important virtues." Huck talks with a lowbrow dialect, but he is keen-witted and intelligent. The reader finds laughter and shrewd, sharp comment on human nature in every chapter of his adventures along the Mississippi.
Unit 11
Task 1:
【原文】
1)"In fact," said the attorney with sarcasm, "you were so frightened at the rune mat you honestly cannot testify whether it was an automobile or something resembling an automobile that struck you."
"Well," replied the plaintiff "I can only say that I was struck by the resemblance."
2) And the other story from that area is
about the native who noticed the epitaph on a tombstone:
"Here Lies a Lawyer and an Honest Man."
"Mighty small grave for two men," commented the native.
3) This is supposed to have happened in a Western courtroom. One lawyer rose and shouted that his opponent was a crook, a shyster and a disgrace to the legal profession. The opposing attorney responded that the first was guiltier than his client and should be the one on trial.
The judge calmly noted: "Now that both of the learned counsels have identified themselves, let us proceed with this case."
4) A story that lawyers and law students never appreciate is the one about the two pickpockets who were working in the crowd in front of a downtown office building. They noticed one man who took a fat wallet out of his pocket, counted the contents and went into the elevator.
They followed him into the elevator but weren’ t able to reach him before he got off and entered a lawyer's office.
In few minutes they saw the man come out Then one pickpocket said to the other "What'll we do now?" the other replied, "You know what to do. We'll wait for the lawyer to come out."
5)"No doubt about it," said the lawyer. "This is one of the strongest cases I've ever heard. There isn't a chance of losing in court."
"Thanks," said the client, grabbing for his hat and coat. "I guess I'll settle this out of court."
"But I said you can't lose," cried the lawyer.
"I know, but what I told you was the other man's side of the case."

Task 2:
【答案】
Main Idea: The importance of jury trial in the US legal system and the contemporary challenges it faces
I. The jury trial is the central element in the American conception of justice.
A. The right to trial by an impartial jury. is one of the oldest and least controversial guarantees in the Constitution.
B. America is distinctive among all nations for the central role accorded the jury trial in its justice system.
C. To American citizens, participation in government is represented by voting and jury service.
II. The future of jury trial is uncertain due to the rapid changes in American society.
A. Increases in the volume of civil and criminal trials have put great pressure on the jury system.
B. There have been dramatic increases in the length and complexity of trials.
C. In civil cases, it sometimes seems impossible for jury members to have the special knowledge needed due to the advance in science and technology.
D. Changes in trial method and greater public access have altered the nature of the trial jury.
Task 3:
【答案】
A.
1) T
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) T
6) T
7) F
8) F
B.
1) Every witness must swear an oath, with his hand on the Bible, "To tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth".
2) Cross-examination is the examination of a witness by his opponent. For example, every witness called by the prosecuting counsel may be examined by the defending barrister, and vice versa.
3) It is a question that suggests something inste
hat have ever existed. It was based upon custom, and by A.D. 528 quantity of Roman Law had become so immense that the Emperor Justinian in Constantinople ordered a clear, systematic code of all the laws to be made.
Roman law has had a deep influence upon the law of the world. The law of most European countries is based upon it, and it has ha some influence on Anglo-Saxon law, which is the other great law system of the world. For many years Roman law seemed to be lost or forgotten, but it reappeared in the 11th century, when there was a great revival of learning. Many European countries began to use Roman law in their courts. In France, however, until Napoleon codified the law in 1804 each province had its own laws. The Napoleonic Code was a splendid achievement, and has been copied in many countries in Europe and South America.

Unit 12
Task 1:
【答案】
I.
A. 1960s，a vast wasteland
B. sound，pictures，use our imaginations，the essence of creativity
C. violent behavior，acceptable within society
D. desire，need，afford
E. folk and ethnic cultures
II.
A. expands the world
B. entertainer，informer
C. homes，common experiences
III.
Individual development，social change，political life，the evolution of a democratic society
Task 2:
【答案】
A.
3500BC，2500BC，western Asia，Egyptians，1800BC，the firs century BC，the sixth century AD China，600 AD，Korea，1234，Germany，1455
B.
1) The portability of books and their wider distribution after the development of printing gave rise to the earliest form of mass media.
2) Copying and illustrating books by hand was extremely time consuming, and creating parchment was expensive, so books were generally not widespread up to and throughout the Middle Ages.
3) The publication of the Gutenberg Bible in 1455 is considered the beginning of mechanical printing.
4) The combination of a printing press and existing technology such as book binding made it possible to begin the mass production of books at a fraction of the time and cost it took to produce an equal number of hand-copied books.
C．
1) T
2) F
Task 3:
【答案】
A.
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
New England Primer 1836 A reaction to the textbooks imported
from England
A Grammatical Institute
of the English Language 1783 Standard reading books for schoolchildren throughout the 19th century

McGuffey Readers 1690 One of the first textbooks published in America

B.
1) c
2) b
3) c
4) c
C.
One way is to publish a book that many people want to buy and read, which usually means publishing books that entertain people.
Another way is to make the book affordable enough for many people to buy. The invention of the dime novel and later the creation of mass-market paperbacks satisfied both these criteria.
Task 4:
【答案】
A.
Technology，the last half of the 20th centur
y
I.
A. a change to a largely suburban society，increased use of automobiles
B. radio，television，ease of use，entertainment value，afternoon papers，the second half of the 20th century
II.
news，advertising
A. selecting newsworthy topics marketing polls focus groups content tone
C. online news operations，geographical，political，cultural，linguistic，October 24, 2001，The New York Times

B.
1) Brightly colored photos and graphics can help readers digest the news more easily when they are done properly. However, when done poorly they can trivialize the news and at worst be confusing or misleading.
2) In the late 1970s, the Toronto Globe and Mail allowed public access to their news database. Most of these early efforts were not very successful, however, as many people at the time did not have computers or Internet access and the state of technology with screens made reading text on the computer tiring.
Task 5:
【答案】
A.
1) c
2) b
B.
1) NPR debuted on April 19, 1971, with live coverage of the Senate Vietnam hearings.
2) NPR first broadcast "All Things Considered" on May, 1971. This established NPR as an important provider of news and information programming.
Task 6:
【答案】
A.
1) a
2) c
3) b
4) c
5) b
B.
Some people believe that splashy, high-tech videos emphasize style over substance and that videos have increased the special effects on concert tours. And this downplays the music in favor of visuals.

Task 7:
【答案】
1) The World Wide Web allows the convergence of text, visual, and audio content on demand within the home, instead of just the combination of visual and audio content.
2) A central issue shaping the future of digital information is how active the consumer will be in using technology.
3) Participation and interactivity.

Task 8:
【答案】
A.
1) d
2) a
3) b
4) b
B.
1) T
2) F

Task 9:
【答案】
A.
1) c
2) c
3) a
4) c
B.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) F
Task 10:
【原文】
We live in an age where we are surrounded by instant information of every' kind. This is not, in fact, a new or sudden development. It started long before the beginning of the "technological age" with the invention of printing. The telephone and the telegraph have been around for over a hundred years, the radio and television for most of this century—although perhaps not in every home as today. However, computers and other new technologies, like satellites, have brought their own changes, throwing us with enormous speed into an "information society".

Unit 13
Task 1:
【答案】
A.
1) In Brazil.
2) It intended to create and exchange social and economic projects.
B.
1) F
2) T
3) T
4) T
C.
1) c
2) b

Task 2:
【答案】
A.
1) a
2) d
B.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) T
Task 3:
【答案】
A.

Name of ProducttAccepted(Yes/ No)tReason Given
"Jumbo" rain gaugetYestEasy to read from the house
Self-balancing drinks holdertYestWould appeal to people
Car-
iteracy rate in the whole population is 52 percent. If the literacy rate for men is higher (for instance 60 percent), it is still very likely that most females are illiterate.
3) They confuse the cause and effect in their reasoning process. The inhabitants discovered that the body parasites left him whenever an individual had a fever, and concluded that the parasites kept them healthy. But they ignored another possibility that the parasites caused some disease with a fever, and the rise in body temperature made them leave the human body. In fact, the latter explanation is the real reason for the phenomenon.
Task 9:
【原文】
So let us be in no doubt about what we are witnessing today: a revolution in medical science whose implications far surpass even the discovery of antibiotics, the first the great technological triumph of the 21st century. And ever so often in the history of human endeavor, there comes a breakthrough that takes humankind across a frontier and into a new era.
Nothing better demonstrates the way technology and science are driving us, fast-forwarding us all into the future. But with the power of this discovery comes, of course, the responsibility to use it wisely. As with the greatest scientific achievements, the ethical and the moral questions raised by this astonishing breakthrough are profound. We, all of us, share a duty to ensure that the common property of the human genome is used freely for the common good of the whole human race; to ensure that the own creator information now at our disposal is used to transform medicine, not abused to make man his own creator, or invade individual privacy. They underline the extraordinary scale of economic, technological, scientific change that sweeps across the modern world.

Unit 15
Task 1:
【答案】
A.
1) 39 percent a fifth/20 percent
2) 5 percent 10 percent
3) $$9,000
4) 1 percent
5) 110
B.
1) 3.5 million
2) 3 million
3) 3 million US dollars
4) about 40 percent
5) 2.1 million
6) 700,000
7) 100,000
Task 2:
【答案】
A.
1) c
2) c
B.
1) d
2) b
C.
1) a
2) d
D.
1) d
2) b
Task 3:
【答案】
A.
CountrytEstimated Deaths in the Report
Sri LankatAt least 4,000
IndonesiatMore than 4,000
Southern IndiatMore than 2,000
TotaltMore than 11,000
B.
1) It occurred underneath the sea in the Indian Ocean.
2) Countries around the Indian Ocean such as Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, the Maldives and Thailand.
3) It was to treat the injured and find shelters for the homeless.
4) It had appealed for more than $$6,000,000 to help lessen the harm of the disaster
5) It would send medical supplies to 100,000 people to Sri Lanka.
C.
1) be re-established，more remote communities，true scale
2) the international community，massive offers of support，dry rations，fresh water，fresh water，unaffected areas，homes，destroyed
3) dark，the sea，signs of devastation，closed，shanty towns
Task 4:
【答案】
A.
I. lives in the thousands
1th，debating，circumstance，discouragement，actions being taken，no fear
2) experience，a fair trial，extremists，their own hands，no law，injustice，solve
Task 8:
【答案】
A.

Purpose/Outcomet1) To guarantee high standards and accountability in American education;
2) To put more children on the path to success in school and life;
3) To raise test scores in math and reading.

Main ContentstStates are required to make every public school accountable for student achievement. If test scores do not measure up/meet the standard, parents may move their children to better schools, and get money for tutoring.



Criticismt1) The reforms rely excessively on standardized tests, and not enough on individual needs.
2) The plan is not practical in several aspects.
a) No enough money is provided to meet all demands for tutoring.
b) Better schools may not have enough space to accept students who want to switch schools.
3) The under-funded plan has placed a great burden on educators and local school taxes.

瞬间英文-什么发挥

草履虫的生殖方式-疾驰的近义词

草莓翻译-葬身鱼腹

伍文定-恶口

处所读音-虹霓

隶组词-井陉怎么读

满足的英文-拍拼音

铀238-觖望