千卡和千焦的换算-含香

Section Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this
section. For each sentence there are four choices marked
A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes
the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the
ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pen-cil.
21. John says that his present job does not provide him
with enough______for his organizing ability.
A. range B. scope C. space D. capacity
22. Because of the draught, the ground quickly_______the
little rain that fell last night.
A. absorbed B. soaked C. digested D. drained
23. The extent of the harmful effect of weeds on animals
depends on the soil_____the plants grow.
A. in which B. which C. which in D. in
24. This was conducted to find out how many people prefer
butter.
A. examination B. inspect C. survey D. analysis
25._____relatively costly, the engine is highly efficient
and needs servicing infrequently.
A. It is B. Even C. Even though D. There is
26. The unpleasant taste in his mouth for hours.
A. rested B. prolonged C. lingered D. waited
27. His health failing,_____in 1903.
A. So Johnson went on leave from army
B. the army gave Johnson leave
C. Johnson went on leave from the army
D. when the army gave Johnson leave
28. If you put too many potatoes in that bag, it will
A. separate B. crack C. burst D. collapse
29. There is pressure on the American government to the
number of immigrants per-mitted to settle in the U. S.
A. limit B. refrain C. confine D. decrease
30. The city suffered damage as a result of the earthquake.
A. considered B. considerate C. considerable D. considering
31. The accusation left him quite with rage.
A. quiet B. silent C. mute D. speechless
32. Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the
other three have ones.
A. similar B. singular C. different D. separate
33. Topics for composition should be to the experiences
and interests of the students.
A. concerned B. dependent C. connecting D. relevant
34. He thinks about nothing but playing chess. Hes
completely to it.
A. addicted B. ascribed C. tempted D. overcome
35. The idea of traveling through space to other planets
interests many people today.
A. a B. the C. / D. one
36. When you have finished with that video tape, dont
forget to put it in my drawer,_____？
A. do you B. will you C. dont you D. wont you
37. The government is trying to do something to better
understanding between the two countries.
A. raise 13. promote C. heighten D. increase
38. The little man was one meter fifty high.
A. almost more than B. hardly more than
C. nearly more than D. as much as
39. You___her in her office last Friday: shes been out of
town for two weeks.
A. neednt have seen B. must have seen
C. might have seen D. cant have seen
40._____ you are familiar with the authors ideas, try
reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.
A. Now that B. Ever since C. So that D. As long as
Section
Ⅲ Cloze (5 points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following
passage, there are four choices marked A,B, C, and D.
Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER
SHEET1.
A narrowing of your work interests is implied almost any
transition from a study environment to managerial or
professional work. In the humanities and social sciences
you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material 41
in three or four years study. In most career paths
academic knowledge only forms a background to much more 42
decision-making. Even with a “training” form of degree,
only a few of the procedures or methods encountered in
your studies are 43 to be continuously relevant in your
work. Partly this reflects the greater specialization of
most work tasks compared with studying. Many graduates are
not content with the loss of variety involved 44
transferring from degree stud} in at least four or five
subjects a year to very standardized job demands. Academic
work values individual inventiveness, originality, and the
cultivation of a different “style” as an index of self-
realization and self-development. Emphasis is placed on 45
new ideas and knowledge, assembling adequate information
to make a rational decision, appreciating basic 46 and
theories, and getting involved in fundamental
controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higher
education encourages the feeling of being engaged in a
process with a self-developmental rhythm. 47 even if your
employers pursue enlightened personnel development
politics and invest heavily in “human capital” －－for
example, by rotating graduate trainees to 48 their work
experiences –you are Still likely to notice and feel 49
about some major restrictions of your 50 and activities
compared with a study environment.
41. A. covering B. covered C. being covered D. having
covered
42. A. applied B. to be applied C. applying D. to be
applied to
43. A. definitely B. agreeable C. reliable D. likely
44. A. in B. on C. of D. about
45. A. absorbing B. to absorb C. generating D. to generate
46. A. believes B. concepts C. religions D. thiths
47. A. By contrast B. That is C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
48. A. improve B. introduce C. vary D. gain
49. A. strange B. ashamed C. funny D. sorry
50. A. hobbies B. interests C. subjects D. concerns
Section Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Part A
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each
passage is followed by some questions or un-finished
statements. For each of them there are for choices marked
A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and
blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET 1
with a pencil.
Questions 51 to 54 are based on the foUowing passage:
For most of the 1990s, CEOs at old economy companies
struggled to turn slow-moving organizations into nimbler,
more flexible outfits. Truth is, real transformations are
the exception rath
er than the rule. Changing the core
values, the attitudes, and the fundamental relationships
of a vast organization is overwhelmingly difficult. Thats
why an army of academics and consult-ants held it up as a
paragon of management virtue in the late 1990s. Enron
seemed to have transformed itself from a stodgy utility to
a fast-moving enterprise.
If only that were true. Many of the same academics are now
busy studying the cultural and leadership lessons from
Enron. Their conclusion so far: Enron didnt fail just
because of improper accounting or corruption at the top.
It also failed because of its entrepreneurial culture-the
very reason Enron attracted so much acclaim. The emphasis
on earnings growth and individual initiative, together
with an absence of the usual corporate balances, shifted
the culture from one that rewarded aggressive strategy to
one that increasingly relied on unethical cheating. This
was a company that simply placed a lot of bad bets on
businesses that werent so promising to begin with.
Jeffrey K. Skilling assumed Enron CEO in early 2001. His
recipe for changing the compa-ny was right out of the New
Economy Playbook. Layers of management were canceled.
Hundreds of outsiders were recruited and encouraged to
bring new thinking to a tradition-bound business. The
company abolished seniority-based salaries and offered
huge cash bonuses and stock to top performers. Young
people, many just out of undergraduate or MBA programs,
were handed extraordinary authority, able to make $$ 5
million decisions without higher approval.
“In larger companies like IBM, even though there is a
movement toward youth, there are still enough older people
around to mentor them,” says James OToole, professor at
the Center for Effective Organizations at the University
of Southern California. “At Enron, you had a bunch of
kids running loose without adult supervision.”
51. From the first paragraph, we learn that in the 1990s
A. CEOs tried to change the function of old companies.
B. Most of the large companies underwent some real changes.
C. Enron became the example of new efficient management.
D. the rules to transform the old companies are
exceptional.
52. Enron would not fail if the company
A. made full use of individual inventiveness.
B. paid top performers more money and bonus.
C. rewarded aggressive strategy.
D. relied on absence of cooperate balance.
53. Professor O’Toole use the example of IMB to argue that
A. "loose and tight" theory is too theoretical to put into
use.
B. the entrepreneurial culture of IBM worships tight
supervision.
C. the young staff in Enron should be governed.
D. old staff in Enron are in chaos compared with IBM.
54. From the text, we can see that towards the management
of Enron, the writer seems
A. positive. B. negative. C. indifferent. D. sensitive.
Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:
“I want to criticize the s
ocial system, and to show it at
work, at its most intense.” Virginia Woolf’s provocative
statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway
has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it
highlights an aspect of her literary interests very
different from the traditional picture of the “poetic”
novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and
vision and with following the intricate pathways of
individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a
realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and
social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics
cavalier dismissal of Woolfs social vision will not
withstand scrutiny.
In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of
how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social
environments, how historical forces impinge on peoples
lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine
peoples fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a
realistically rendered social setting and in a precise
historical time.
Woolfs focus on society has not been generally recognized
because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The
pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satiric or
sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally
sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious
to reform their society and possessed of a message or
program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their
political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her
Writers Diary notes:“the only honest people are the
artists.“ whereas ”these social reformers and
philanthropists”... , harbor... , discreditable desires
under the disguise of loving their kind... Woolf detested
what she called “preaching” in fiction, too, and
criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for
working by this method.
Woolfs own social criticism is expressed in the language
of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for
her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She
describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgement
about society and social issues: it is the readers work
to put the observations together and understand the
coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf
works by indirection, subtly undermining officially
accepted mores,mocking, suggesting, calling into question,
rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness:hers is
the satirists art.
Woolfs literary models were acute social observers like
Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common
Reader, "It is safe to say that not a single law has been
framed or one stone set upon another because of anything
Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are
absorbing morality at every pore." Like Chaucer, Woolf
chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her
society root and branch-a decision crucial in order to
produce art rather than polemic.
55. Which of the following would be
the most appropriate
title for the passage?
A. Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the Twentieth-
Century Novel
B. Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to
Understanding Virginia Woolfs Novels
C. Society as Allegory for the Individual in the Novels of
Virginia Woolf
D. Virginia Woolfs Novels: Critical Reflections on the
Individual and on Society
56. It can be inferred from the passage that Woolf chose
Chaucer as a literary model because she believed that
A. Chaucer was the first English author to focus on
society as a whole as well as on individual characters
B. Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas
novelists like D. H. Lawrence did not sincerely wish to
change society
C. Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his
society than with calling its accepted mores into question
D. Chaucers writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in
influencing the moral attitudes of his readers
57. The author implies that a major element of the
satirists art is the satirists
A. consistent adherence to a position of lofty disdain
when viewing the foibles of humanity
B. insistence on the helplessness of individuals against
the social forces that seek to determine an individuals
fate
C. cynical disbelief that visionaries can either enlighten
or improve their societies
D. refusal to indulge in polemic when presenting social
mores to readers for their scrutiny
58. The passage supplies information for answering which
of the following questions?
A. Have literary critics ignored the social criticism
inherent in the works of Chekhov and Chaucer?
B. Does tile author believe that Woolf is solely an
introspective and visionary novelist?
C. What are the social causes with which Woolf shows
herself to be sympathetic in her writings?
D. Was D.H. Lawrence as concerned as Woolf was with
creating realistic settings for his novels7
Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:
The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as
a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is
at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a
convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much
farther than a relatively cheap half-days flight away
from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example.
Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract
tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming
halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding,
not only in existing mar-kets like the USA and Western
Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East.
Mar-kets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten.
More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its
nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is
much higher.
Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its
geographical diversity. The trump card is the Andes
mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski
resorts within one hours dr
ive of the capital, Santiago,
and the national parks in the south are home to rare
animal and plant species.
However, infrastructure development in these areas is
limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as
their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads
in the south means that only the most determined travelers
see the best of the national parks.
Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at
present, relatively poor. While Chiles two largest
airlines have extensive networks within South America,
they operate only a Small number of routes to the United
States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost
nonexistent.
Internal transport links are being improved and luxury
hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor
is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter
Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the
list of areas where the Government believes it can create
tourist markets.
But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass
tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and
environmental groups, including Green peace, say that many
parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-
developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile
will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico
and European resorts.
The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also
politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent
settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to
allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing
Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica.
The Chilean Government has promised to respect the
environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas.
But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the
countrys tourism potential. The Government will have to
monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned
in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the
price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not
going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.
59. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism
by
A. geographical location. B. guerrilla warfare.
C. political instability. D. street crime.
60. According to the author, Chiles greatest attraction is
A. the unspoih beaches. B. the dry and hot desert.
C. the famous mountain range. D. the high standard of
services.
61. According to the passage, in which area improvement is
already under way?
A. Facilities in the ski resorts. B. Domestic transport
system.
C. Air services to Asia. D. Road network in the south.
62. The objection to the development of Chiles tourism
might be all except that it
A. is ambitious and unrealistic. B. is politically
sensitive.
C. will bring harm to culture. D. will cause pollution in
the area.
Questions 63 to 65 are based on the following passage:
Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-
expanding Dictionary of N
ational Biography? I do not mean
that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will
cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes?
You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial
supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will
be answered, public and academic libraries will want the
new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who
escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10
years time a revised version of the whole volumes, called
the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be
published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me
that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000
more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068
in Missing Persons in the shade.
When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking
for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB
and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she
received some 100,000 suggestions. (Well, she had written
to "other quality newspapers" too. ) As soon as her
committee had reduced the numbers down, the professional
problems of an editor began. Contributors didnt file copy
on time; some who did sent too much: 50,000 words in-stead
of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls.
There remains the dinner-party game of whos in, whos
out. That is a game that the re-viewers have played and
will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry.
After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Male
factors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have
received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John
Gross clearly had similar anxieties,for he complains that,
while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One
might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of
Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of
capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the
author of Christies entry in Missing Persons) notes. But
then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be
caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to
America).
It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really
not very memorable names get in.
There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and
architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not
much is always known. Of Hugo, a 12th-century illuminator
whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his
biographer comments: "Whether or not Hugo was a wall-paint-
er, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript
painter attest to his versatility". Then Sere had to be
more women, too ( 12 per cent, against the original DNBs
3% ), such as Roy Strongs subject, the Tudor painter
Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: “Her most character-
istic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly
body. Her technique remained awkward,thin and often
cursory”.
63. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying
the latest volume ~
A. because it is n
ot worth the price
B. because it has fewer entries than before
C. unless one has all the volumes in his collection
D. unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly
64. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the
writer seems to suggest that
A. the editors had clear rules to follow
B. there were too many criminals in the entries
C. the editors clearly favored benefactors
D. the editors were irrational in their choices
65. Crippen was absent from the DNB
A. because he escaped to the U. S.
B. because death sentence had been abolished
C. for reasons not clarified
D. because of the editors mistake
Part B
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then
give short answers to the five ques-tions. Write your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET 2.
A growing worlds population and the discoveries of
science may alter this pattern of distri-bution in the
future. As men slowly learn to master disease, control
floods, prevent famines,and stop wars, fewer people die
every year; and in consequence the population of the world
is steadily increasing.
When numbers rise, the extra mouths must be fed. New lands
must be bought under culti-vation, or land already fanned
made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible
land is largely so intensively cultivated that it will be
difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the
population is so dense that the land is parceled out in
units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farming
methods. Were a large of this fanning population drawn off
into indus-trial occupations, the land might be fanned
much more productively by modem methods.
There is now a race for science, technology, and industry
to keep the output of food rising faster than the number
of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being
developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there
are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and
North America; irrigation and dry-fanning methods bring
arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of
great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons
and to provide e-lectric power for new industries;
industrial chemicals to destroy locusts and many plant
disea-ses. Every year some new means is devised to
increase or to protect the food of the world.
66. Why is the worlds population growing?
67. On what condition might the land be more productively
fanned?
68. How has it been made possible that there are now farms
beyond the Arctic Circle?
69. What does the word “strains” (Line 2, Para. 3 ) mean?
70. What does the passage focus on?
Section V Translation ( 10 points)
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English.
Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and
write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2.
(71) Its not for nothing that scientists are in such a
footrace to get the human genes mapped. Theres more than
just knowledge at stake, after all
theres money. Who
walks away with most of the booty wont be decided in labs
or universities, however, but in courts and pa-tent
offices.
(72) Though decoding the entire human genetic print is
still a few years away, scientists have begun laying claim
to the stretches of DNA whose codes they have succeeded in
recent years researchers have flooded the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office with applica-tions for
thousands of genes and gene fragments-and they have
stirred a lot of controversy in the process.
(73) The biggest problem with patenting genes is that
while scientists have at least a gen-eral idea of what
specific strands of genetic coding do, often its just
that-general. Investigators do sometimes succeed in
isolating a single, crisp gene with a single known
function. Often,however, researchers trying to map genes
get no further than marking off fragmentary stretches of
DNA that may be thousands of bases in length. (74) These
so-called expressed sequence tags may have real genetic
information embedded in them, but determining where those
units are and what their structure is takes more digging.
( 75 ) Geneticists have lately been filing patent
applications for these ESTs anyway, figuring that its
best to protect their reward now and go deeper around in
it later. In a science that pri-zes precision above all
else, this can be an odd way to do business. “I would
guess that in many cases the scientists didnt even
examine all the material,” says Bruce Lehman, commis-
sioner of the Patent and Trademark Office.
Section Ⅵ Writing (15 points)
Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a
composition entitled what is Are Higher Grades the Best
Proof of a Persons Ability ? Your composition should be
based on the outline given below. You composition should
be about 120 words. Remember to write clearly on the
ANSWER SHEET 2.
Outline:
1.你对这一问题的看法
2.你的原因
3.总结全文
答 案
SectionⅡ Vocabulary and Structure
21.[答 案]D
[注释]capacity for为一个固定词组,意思是“……的能力”；而
scope一词与range是同义词,和of搭配,非常容易混淆。它们都可以
表示“范围”。scope强调理解力、观点或应用等所不能越出的界
限；space所指多是时空方面扩展的范围；range强调行动或活动,如
视力或机器等所能覆盖的距离或范围。比较:Some technical
terms are out-side the scope of this dictionary.某些技术术
语没有列入本词典。The car was ont of myrange of vision。我
看不见那辆车。The trees covered acres of space.树林覆盖着若
干英亩土地。
22[答 案]A
[注释]absorb一词意为“吸收”(take in),而drain的意思是“排
泄”或“汲出”等于draw off slowly,soak和digest意思上讲不
通。
23.[答 案]A
[注释]根据语法分析,soil是定语从句的先行词,还原回从句后,应为
the plants grow
in the soil,所以soil作介词in的宾语,把介词提
前后,A为正确答 案。
24.[答 案]C
[注释]survey一词与examination和inspection可同义,都表示“查
看”,但survey强调全面的、一般性的考察,examination强调仔细认
真(close or careful look),而inspection则强调正式(formal or
official examination)。
25.[答 案)C
[注释]even though引导了一个让步状语分句,省去“engine is”,
其他选项It is和There is意思上讲不通,而even则不能引导句子。
26.[答 案]C
[注释]linger一词表示“经久不退”(be slow to pass away Or
disappear)。似乎也可选prolonged,但它只能表示“延长”,比如条
约到期后的继续生效,道路的加长等,它的实际含义是make longer。
其他的选项都不合适。
27.[答 案]C
[注释]His health failing是独立主格结构,只能作状语,这里缺少
的句子,符合此条件的有B和C项,而逻辑上一致的只能是C。A、D项都
为从句,故不可选。
28.[答 案]C
[注释]burst一词与crack均可表示“裂”,但burst常指猛地裂开,如
车胎的爆裂；而crack则常指裂而不开,如玻璃出现裂纹,separate意
为“分离”、“分开”,collapse意为“倒塌”,用在此处意思上都
讲不通。
29.[答 案]A
[注释)limit一词与confine和restrain,可以同义。limit是“确定
限度”(set a limitto)；confine和restrain是“限制”(keep
with in limits)。
30.[答 案]C
[注释]这四个词的词干是consider,A项considered是consider的过
去分词,此处用作形容词。表示“have been considered’即“考
虑过的”,“经过深思熟虑的”；B项con-siderate中的后缀一ate有
“充满……的”,“显示……的”之意,considerate即
“showingconsideration for”——“考虑周到的”,“体贴的”；
C项中一able是“能……的”、“可……的”,considerable有“可
以考虑””‘值得考虑”之意,引申为“相当大(多)的”；D项是现
在分词形式,也可看做介词或连词,意为“考虑到……”。根据题干
的句意,C项是最恰当的选择。由此可见,如果不知选择项的题意,可
以通过词形分析推测它们的含义。
31.[答 案]D
[注释]粗一看这几个词意思非常接近,都有“安静…‘无声”之意,
但quiet是表示相对安静,但并不一定是沉默无声,silent表示不说话
或不弄出声。而mute也可以表示不做声,还有一时说不出话之
意,speechless则特指因强烈的感情、震惊等而说不出话,显然D最符
合题意,是正确答 案。

32.[答 案]D
[注释]A项是“相似的”,B项意为“单数的”,C是“不同的”,D表示
“单独的”、“各自的”,因全句的意思是“有两个孩子不得不睡在
同一张床上,但其他三个孩子都有各自的床。”因此只有D符合逻
辑。
33.[答 案]D
[注释]根据该句的意思,应选择含有“相关”、“相连”
之意的词,B
显然不合逻辑。A项的concerned意为“有关的”,但必须用于名词之
后,C项connecting是“相连的”意思,尤指空间上的连接,D项的
relevant也是“有关的”之意,且后面必须接to,因此是正确答 案。
34.[答 案]A
[注释]解这道题就可采用搭配判断和逻辑推理两种方法。首先根据
对空格前后词的观察,D项overcome不能与to连用,可以排除。再根据
句意推断出必须选择有“沉湎于”之意的词,因而答 案是A。
35.[答 案]C
[注释]此例考的是冠词的习惯用法,space作“空间”、“太空”之
意时,前面不用冠词,所以C为正确答 案。
36,[答 案]B
[注释]根据附加疑问句前否定后肯定的规则,A或B为可选答 案。A在
形式上是对等的,但意义上不恰当,而B是请求或要求别人,与句中的
祈使语气相应,所以选择B。
37.[答 案]B
[注释]4个选项中,promote常与understanding连用,意为“增进,促
进”,因此答 案是B)。全句的意思是:“政府正在努力采取措施以促
进两国之间的进一步了解。”raise有“提高,增大”之意,heighten
也有“增加,加强”之意,但一般均不与understanding搭配。
increase虽可与understanding搭配,意为“增进了解”,但不可与
better同时使用。
38.[答 案]B
[注释]此题题句有一个很重要的解题信息“little”,指人身材矮
小,有否定的含义。而4个题项中,只有B中的hardly有否定的含
义,hardly more than意为“不足”,从否定角度描述人的身高,符合
句子意义上的逻辑关系。因此答 案是B。而almost morethan和
nearly more than意思相同,均为“几乎超过”,有肯定的含义。As
much as意为“多达”,用以表示数量。全句的意思是:“这个矮个子
身高不足1.5米。”
39.[答 案]D
[注释]此题的4个选项均为“情态动词+不定式完成式”的结构,表示
说话人对过去发生动作的主观判断,从语法角度没有提供解题信息。
从句意考虑,neednt have seen有“不必看见,其实已经看见”的含
义,might have seen意为“也许看见过”,must have seen表示“一
定看见过”,显然和原句冒号后面的“她去外地已经两个星期了”相
矛盾。答 案应该是 have seen。Cant have done用于推测
过去的动作一定没有发生,符合句意。全句的意思是:“上星期五你
不可能在办公室见到她,她去外地已经两个星期了。”
40.[答 案]A
[注释]从句子结构看,缺少一个连接词。而选项中所提供的都是连接
词,因此无法从语法结构上来判断。从句子的意思上看,空格内应填
入一个表示因果关系的连接词。B. ever since(自……以来)引导时
间状语从句: that(以便于,以至于)引导目的或结果状语从句,
且不放于句首； long as(只有)表示条件,均不符合要求。
that(既然)引导原
因状语从句,符合句意,故是答 案。
SectionⅢ Cloze
41.[答 案]B
[注释]通读文章后,可知本文主要讲述工作使人减少兴趣爱好。此句
是指从事人文、社会科学,至多用上你在大学三、四年学习中学过的
一小部分。此题为考察分词用法的语法类题目。分词的逻辑主语是
material,它与分词之间是被动的关系。而且主要谓语动词与分词之
间没有完成进行的关系,所以进行时与完成时是不正确的。
42.[答 案]A
[注释]本题是一个逻辑推断题。这句话的主干是说学术知识只是为
做出决断提供背景知识,所以相较学术知识而言,decision-making的
特点应该是实用性的。考生只要找到academic的间接反义词apply
(应用,实用)即可。由于这里是过去分词作定语,故d为正确
答 案。
43.[答 案]D
[注释]此题是一个逻辑推理的题目,考察考生能否推断出这句话的语
气。其意思是:学校里的知识只有一小部分可能与工作相吻合。这里
是一个不确定的推断语气。tely是“确定,一定”的意思,
与句意相反；ble是“使人愉快的,惬意的,适合的”的意
思,与句意不符；le是“可靠的,可信赖的”的意思,与句意
相差甚远；D.1ikely“可能”,符合原文。
44.[答 案]A
[注释]此句是指:很多毕业生不满足从一年至少学四五门学位课程到
变为固定化的工作要求。此题为考察介词用法的语法类题目。
Involve in是固定词组,是“连累,包含”的含义。
45.[答 案]C
[注释]此题考查关于ideas and knowledge的搭配。absorb是“吸
收,吸引”的意思,可以knowledge搭配,但一般不与idea形成动宾搭
配,而且,也不符和上下文的意思。generate是“产生”的意思,可以
与ideas and knowledge两者搭配,这里用其动名词作on的宾语,故C
为正确答 案。
46.[答 案]B
[注释]在这句话中的appreciate是“重视,赏识认识到……的质量、
显著性或重要性”的意思,也就是说,要认识到基础理论和概念的重
要性。由这里的and并列结构可以推断出答 案应为theory的同义词或
近义词,es“信仰”,与句义不符；-gions“宗教”
和“信仰”都不符合句义。即使考生不知道正确答 案,这里
人believes,ons和三项词义相近,就都可以排除。
47.[答 案]A
[注释]by contrast“相比之下”,B. that is“那就是说”,C.
therefore“因此”,—while“同时”。本句表达的意思与上
文相左,故应选择A；其它词均不符合逻辑。
48.[答 案]C
[注释]雇主可以交替使用参加培训者,使他们具有多种工作经历。
e“改进”,B. introduce“介绍”和“获得”。根
据上下文,显然应选择C。
49.[答 案]D
[注释]从上下文判断,应为对所受到的约束感到遗憾
,而不是奇怪
(strange)；惭愧(ashamed)或者滑稽(funny)。故应选择D。
50.[答 案]B
[注释]做此题时,可参考本文一句话,“A narrowing of your work
interests is implied al-most any transition from a study
environment to managerial or professional work”这里用的就
是“interest”,最后一句话的意思是:你可能对于对自己兴趣的限
制感到遗憾,所以B是正确的答 案。
Section Ⅳ Reading Comprehension
Part A
51.[答 案]C
[注释]此题是对第一段有关细节的综合理解。考生可采用排除法来
解题。文章开头第一句话指出:旧经济公司的首席执行官们都在努力
完成从运作缓慢的公司向敏捷、富有弹性的公司的转型,而A答 案却
认为这些首席执行官们在改变公司的功能。所谓功能是指效能；与
原文的由慢变快的管理的改变在语义上是不同的,所以A是错误的。
原文第二句指出Truth is,real transformations are the
exception rather than the rule,直译的意思是:真正的转型是例
外,而不是普遍的规则,也就是真正实现转型的只是少数的意思,而B
答 案与文义正反,D答 案是对这句话的不正确语法分析。第一段结尾
处指出:这就是90年代未大批学者和顾问把安然推崇为管理理念模范
的原因,也就是说安然已经成为心管理模式的代表,这与C项完全相
符。
52.[答 案]C
[注释]原文第二段指出:安然的失败并不仅仅因为做假账和所谓的高
层腐败,还应归咎于它的企业文化。那么,安然如果不失败,按照推理
就应该是与目前的企业文化相反的情况。公司现在的企业文化是:
“一直强调收益增长和个人主动性”,A答 案正是这个意思,所以错
误。“缺乏通常的公司制衡机制”.D答 案也是如此。文章第三段又
指出对于表现好的员工给与很多奖金,以此来调动员工的积极性,所
以C项也是错误的。由于原文第二段在谈到企业文化是讲到:使企业
文化从推崇进攻性战略转变为日益依赖不道德的投机取巧,由此可以
引申出如果公司战略不转变的话,那么公司也就不会失败,所以继续
推崇进攻性战略是褒义的,因此C是正确答 案。
53.[答 案]C
[注释]文章第三段列举了IBM的例子,前后语境是:前文讲到安然的很
多刚刚毕业的本科或研究生被授予高度权威,他们可以做出涉及500
万美元的决定而无需上级批准。而IBM的例子却是公司的资深职员给
年轻人提供指导,与安然正反,可见这个例子是用来说明安然的年轻
人需要加强约束,正是C项的内容。后文提到在理论上,安然是有严格
的监督的,然后作者又驳斥这种理论到:“然而,在安然,公司环境是
滋生舞弊的温床”。可见,IBM的例子不是在说明其监管有多么紧张,
而是在对比安然的在实际上有多么的松弛,所以B项是
错误的,而A和D
两项的内容并未提及,所以C是正确答 案。
54.[答 案]B
[注释]本文的结构是一个转折。文章先论述安然以其快捷的速度似
乎成为业界的楷模,接下来,作者驳斥安然管理的弊端以及其造成的
恶果。由此可见,作者对其是持否定态度的。
55.[答 案]D
[注释]此题是主题题。原文第1段头两句指出:“I want to
criticize the social system,and to show it at work,at its
most intense(我想批判当前的社会制度,并且表明它是怎样以其最
强烈的方式运转的)”。这是弗吉尼亚?伍尔夫在谈到她写作《达罗
卫太太》的创作意图“her intentions”时发表的挑战性声明
“provocative statement”。原文第2段头两句指出:伍尔夫在小说
中深入考虑的问题是“is deeply engaged by the ques-tions
of”；个人是怎样由社会环境形成的或变形的“shaped or
deformed”；历史的力量是怎样冲击(impinge on)人们的生活的；
阶级、财富、性别是怎样决定人们的命运的。她的小说多数扎根
(are rooted)于现实主义地表达的社会环境中(in a
realistically ren—dered social setting)以及特定的(precise)
历史时代中。由此可知,本文最恰当的标题(the most appropriate
title)是:“Virginia Woolfs Novels:Critical Reflections on
the Indi—viduals and on Society”(弗吉尼亚?伍尔夫的小说:
对个人和社会的批判性的深思)。
56.[答 案]D
[注释]本题是推断题。原文指出:正如她在《普通读者》一书中所说
的:“可以这样说,并不因为乔叟说了写了什么而制定一条法律或者
树起一块纪念碑；但是当读他的书时,我们在字里行间到处汲取着道
德的教诲”(We are absorbing morality at everypore)。由此可
以推论；伍尔夫选择乔叟作为文学典范(chose Chaucer as a
literarymodel),因为她认为乔叟的作品对读者道德观的影响是非常
有效的,虽然这种影响是潜移默化的(Chaucers writing was
greatly,if subtly,effective in influencing the moral atti-
tudes of his readers)。这是选择项D的内容,因此D是正确答 案。
57.答 案]D
[注释]本题是推断题。原文第4段最后一句指出:作为一个道德家,伍
尔夫用旁敲侧击的方式来进行工作(worked by indirection),巧妙
地摧毁官方接受的道德观念(subtly undermining officially
accepted morals),对此进行讥讽、暗示、置疑而不是断言、主张、
作证。(mocking,suggesting,calling into question,rather
than asserting,advocatingbearing witness)。她的作品是讽刺家
的艺术(the satirists art)。原文第5段最后一句指出:伍尔夫像
乔叟那样采取既评价又理解的态度来认识社会的根和枝(Like
Chau—cer,Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge,to
know her society root and branch)。这种抉择是产生艺术而不是
产生论战文章的关键(a decision cr
ucial in order to pro—
duce art rather than polemic)。由此可知,作者暗示:讽刺家艺术
的主要因素在于讽刺家在向读者提出社会道德问题让读者仔细思考
的同时,拒绝沉湎于对道德问题的论战。 (The author implies
that a major element of the satirists art is the
satirists refusal toindulge in polemic when presenting
social mores to readers for their scrutiny.)因此D是正确答
案。
58.[答 案]B
[注释]此题是主题题目。原文指出这个挑战性声明(the
provocative statement)突出了(highlights)她那文学兴趣的一个
方面,这跟把她描绘成关心考察人物的梦幻状态以及追随个体意识错
综复杂流向的“诗人”小说家的传统形象大不相同(very
differentfrom the traditional picture of the "poetic"
novelist concerned with examining states of rev-erie and
vision and with following the intricate path ways of
individual consciousness) 。然而弗吉尼亚?伍尔夫不但是一个
诗人小说家,而且也是一个现实主义作家；不但是一个幻想家,而且
也是一个讽刺作家和社会批评家(a satirist and social critic
as well as avisionary)。由此可知,文章提供的信息可以回答以下
的问题:作者是否认为伍尔夫只是一位沉湎于内省、富于幻想的小说
家?“Does the author believe that Woolf is solelyan
introspective and visionary novelist?”答 案当然是否定的。因
此B是正确答 案。
59.[答 案]A
[注释]本题为细节题目,询问智利在发展旅游业方面的劣势。在第一
段说得很清楚,“It is too far south to be a convenient stop
on the way to anywhere else and is muchfarther than a
relatively cheap half-days flight away from the big
tourist markets”(它位于地球的极南端,不利于旅游者顺便拜访。
旅游者必须专程到来,花费较大)。所以,它的地理位置是它发展旅游
业最大的问题。
60.[答 案]C
[注释]此题为细节题。智利有许多好玩的地方,但是说到最吸引人的
地方,作者在第三段开头用了这样的词语:“But the trump card
is the Andes mountain range”(王牌是安第斯山脉),所以可见作
者认为最好玩的地方是C(安第斯山脉)。
61.[答 案]B
[注释]此题为综合题,询问在哪里已开始进行改进工作。第四段告诉
我们,“ski re-sorts do not have as many lifts as their
European counterparts and the poor quality of roadsin the
south”,A(滑雪胜地的设施)以及D(南方的公路系统)还很糟糕,其基
础建设还很有限。第五段里的“services to Asia are almost
non-existent’使我们知道C也不正确。第六段第一句“Internal
transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are
be-ing built in one of its national parks”告诉我们国内交通
正在得到改善。
62.[答 案]A
[注释]此题为综合题。文章的最后几段谈到了各种反对发展智利旅
游
业的理由。B(政治上敏感)能在倒数第二段中找到。C(会使土著文
化受损)和D(造成环境污染)在倒数第三段里有相关证据。利用排除
法,A(其旅游开发计划是雄心勃勃和不切实际的)应是正确答 案。
63.[答 案]C
[注释]作者认为没必要购买最新一册DNB是因为整套书有31本,只买
一本没有意义。他问:“And have you got the rest of
volumes ? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial
supplements to bring the total to 31”(你得到其他的书了吗?
你需要基本的22本,再加上十年一度的增刊,一共31本)。A项错在:作
者并没有涉及DNB是否那样物无所值；B显然与事实不符；D的内容也
没有提到。
64.[答 案]D
[注释]此题为综合判断题。整篇文章除了介绍编撰DNB的过程外,表
明了作者对于人物选择上的不同看法。第二、第三段中,许多例子说
明所选人物是不妥当的,所作的选择是非理性的。A的内容与文意相
反；B和C项只是文章的表面现象,各自都是作者提到编者选人的缺陷
之一,不够全面；只有D项真正表达出作者的意图。
65.[答 案]C
[注释]此题为细节题目。本题询问Cripen没有人选DNB的原因。A项
所陈述的是事实,但这不是他没入选的原因；B和D的内容,文章中没
有提到；而且在这一段中,作者并没有澄清原因。
Part B
66. Because people are living longer.
67. If the units of land were made much larger.
68. By producing new strains of crops.
69. Types.
70. Food production.
Section Ⅴ Translation
短文大意:这是一篇科普文章,探讨到底谁拥有人类基因谱的专利。
这不是由在实验室或大学里所能决定的,而是要在法庭上和专利局里
决定。在最近几年里,研究人员已带着对成千上万的基因和基因片段
的申请涌到美国专利商标署,在这个过程中他们引起了不少争议。但
不管怎样,基因学家们近来一直在申请专利,以利于今后的在此领域
中的探索研究。
71.此句是一个双重否定句。关键在于考生对“Its not for
nothing that...”的理解,其含义为:“不是没有目的的”。参考译
文:科学家们以竞走的速度来绘制人类基因组简图不是没有目的的。
72.这是英语中的长句。其句子主干是:“scientists have begun
laying claim to the stretchesof DNA”,though引导了一个让步
状语从句,whose又引导了一个定语从句,其先行词是NA。而且由于
此句已经较长,建议把定语拆开,成汉语的一个分句。参考译文:尽管
离破译整个人类基因蓝图还有几年时间,科学家们已开始对脱氧核糖
核酸(DNA)片段提出专利要求,这些DNA的密码已被他们成功地破译
了。
73.这是表语从句,其难点是表语是一个由while引导的时间状语从
句,其主句部分是逗号后面的句子。另外,“指代的是strands of
gene
tic coding。参考译文为:申请基因专利的最大问题就是:尽管
科学家们对于基因编码的特定部分的功能有一个大体理解,然而这种
了解也仅是笼统的。
74.这是由but引导的转折关系的两个并列句。第一个分句中
embeddedin是过去分词短语,其逻辑主语是information,而them指代
的是tag；第二个分句的主干是:determining ...takes more
digging。参考译文:这些所谓的已表达的序列标签可能携带有真正
的基因信息,但确定这些小块在什么地方及它们的结构是什么样子需
要更多的挖掘探究。
75.此句话的结构比较简单,只是用figurring这个现代分词短语作状
语,然后figure后面是一个从句,注意从句中的讧指代基因谱。参考
译文:不管怎样,基因学家们近来一直在为已表达的序列标签(ESTs)
申请专利,认为现在最好把他们的成果保护起来,以后再对其进行深
入探索。
Section Ⅵ Writing
参考范文
Are Higher Grades the Best Proof of a Persons Ability?
Grades are very important for most students. They will not
get jobs without good marks.
Higher-grade students are considered as winners while
lower-grade ones are looked on as los-ers. However, in my
opinion, higher grades are not the proof of a persons
ability.
In our life we often find such kind of phenomenon: some
students may be top students at school, but they are at a
loss as to how to deal with a practical matter. Some
students are well trained in exam techniques rather than
well educated. They can get higher marks than others,yet
they can hardly adapt themselves to social life.
From what is said above, we can see grades are not the
only measure of a persons ability.
Here are some other standards suggested to evaluate a
persons true ability: A man of ability loves his course
and thinks for himself. A man of ability can adapt himself
better to his future life and get more responsibilities
and produce greater social value.

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