英语课后习题答案
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Unit 2 1. Understanding the Main idea of the Passage 1. different 2. problems 3. communication 4. translator 5. trust 6. acceptance 7. exaggerate 8. superlative 9. metaphors 10. generalizations 11. unsupportive lly 13. rethink 14. translate 2. Understanding Specific Information 1. F 2. T 3. F 4.T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T Vocabulary 1. 1) mess 2)repeat 3)mislead 4) intends 5)tend 6)exaggerates 7)frustrating 8) misinterpreted 9)acceptance 10)trust 2. Step One 1)f 2)c 3)a 4)k 5)i 6)e 7)h 8)j 9)g 10)b 11)d Step Two 1)conveyed/conveys 2)assistance 3)encounter 4)conflict 5)emphasis 6)reacted 7)recognize 8)manner 9)assumed/assume 10)emerged/emerges 11)ignore 3. 1)out 2)on 3)with 4)of 5)In 6)in 7)to 8)on 9)At 10)of Translation 1. I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out. 2. The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes. 3. All roads lead to Rome. 4. I meant to give you that book today but I forgot to bring it with me. 5. I was on the verge of accepting his advice. 6. Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly Part Four Writing and Translation Translatio
n Practice 1. Misunderstandings are very common in our daily lives. They will cause problems and unnecessary trouble: ruin friendships bring misery. 2. They are many ways to avoid misunderstandings. A. Do not use words that may have double meanings. B. Express ideas and pronounce words clearly. C. Emphasize the main points. D. Don’t pretend to understand when you don’t. E. Ask for clarification when not clear about the meaning. F. Be aware of the gender differences in communication. 3. Many misunderstandings can be avoided if we are careful enough. Life without misunderstandings will be better and happier.
Unit 3 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1). Introduction (para. 1) Each person has the potential to win in his own way. 2) The meanings of “winner” and “loser” (para. 2) A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive. A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely. 3) Few people are winners and losers all the time. (para 3) 4) Winners (para. 4-7) Characteristics of a winner: a. A winner is genuine. b. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. c. A winner is flexible. d. A winner has a love for life. e. A winner cares about the world and its people. 5) Loses (para. 8-10) Possible causes: Poor nutrition cruelty unhappy relationships disease continuing disappointments and inadequate physical care. Characteristics of a loser: a. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior. b. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) c 2) D 3)A 4)B 5) C Vocabulary 1) appreciate a. be thankful o grateful for 感激b. recognize and enjoy the good qualities or worth of 欣赏， 赏识2）capacity a. the amount that sth can hold or contain 容量，容积， 容纳力3) channel a. n. a particular television station 频道b. v. direct sth towards a particular purpose 把….导向，引导， 集中4) contribute a. join with others in giving 捐献，捐赠，贡献出b. help in causing a situation event or condition有助于，促成5). Flexible a. that can bend or be bent easily有弹性，柔韧的b. that can change or be changed to be suitable for new needs灵活的，可变通的6). Guilt a. the fact of having broken a moral rule or official law罪，罪行b. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has done wrong 内疚，自责，悔恨7) potential a. adj. likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future潜在的，可能的b. n. the inherent ability for growth and development潜力，潜能8) rigid a. stiff not easy to bend硬的，不易弯曲的b. firm or fixed difficult to change or unwilling to change严格的，刻板的2. achieve –achievement expect –expectation Depend—dependence limit—limitation/limit Cruel—cruelty unique—uniqueness Genuine—genuineness respond—response Aware—aware
ness disappoint—disappointment Capable—capability behave—behavior 1)expectation 2)limitations 3)capability 4)achievement 5)response 6)awareness 6)behavior 7)disappointment 9)cruelty 10)dependence 3. 1)entered into 2)channeled…into 3)holds/held back 4)unaware of 5)separates…from 6)referred to…as 7)lived up to 8)calls for 9)contributes to 10)see/saw…as Translation 1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure. 2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness. 3. We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4. His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting. 5. Learning languages isn’t just a matter of memorizing words. 6. Once she has made her decision no one can hold her back. 7. It’ll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain. 8. The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field. Part Four Writing and Translation 1. Failure is the mother of success. 2. Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win. 3. Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now. 4. One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly. 5. A successful person doesn’t ask for things from others. On the contrary/Instead he will ask himself: “What can I leave to this world?” 6. A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society not the one who is the richest or the most famous.
Unit 4 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction (para. 1-2) The term placebo is introduced: when it is prescribed and what it is. 2) The study of the placebo (para. 3-7) a. One explanation: The placebo works because the human mind fools itself. b. The other explanation: The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality. c. The most powerful placebo of all: the doctor. Supporting evidence: First group (led by a doctor): 70 percent of the people get better. Second group (led by a nurse): only 25 percent of the people get better. 3) Different cases in which a placebo may work (para. 8-9) The placebo has been found to work with seasickness coughs colds and pain after an operation. An experiment was done to see if it works with old people: The first group were given nothing at all. Result: The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. The second group was given a placebo. Result: The second group had much netter health and a lower death rate. The third group were given a real drug which was intended to help with the problems of old age. Result: The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo. 4). Two opposite attitudes towards the use of a placebo (para. 10-11) Some doctors think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. Other countries are known to have been using placebos for hundreds of years. 5) Conclusion (para. 12) It is suggested that the human mind is stronger than
we think it is. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1). Yes 2)No 3)Maybe 4)yes 5)yes 6)no 7)yes 8)Maybe Vocabulary 1. 1)A. a substance used for treating illness especially a liquid you drink treatment and study of illnesses and injuries 2) a. an act of firing a gun b. an injection of a drug 3) a. the part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and work b. a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside. 4) a. become whole and sound return to health b. cause to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience. 5) a. a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them. b. a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness. 6) a. the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged. b. the process of making a machine or system work 7) a. a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing with b. a situation that exists especially as it affects a particular person or group 8) a. make someone think that a particular thing is true; indicate b. tell someone your ideas about what they should do where they should go etc. 2. 1)a 2)e 3)f 4)d 5)g 6)h 7)c 8)b Translation 1. All I can say is that we are extremely sorry. 2. In many cases regulations alone will not work. 3. He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence. 4. She stared at me as if I were a stranger. 5. It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday. 6. I feel angry at the way he (has) treated me. 7. The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday. 8. I’d like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out.
Unit 5 Reading Comprehension Understanding the Organization of the Passage I. Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (para 1) II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para. 2-3) i) When does dreaming occur? When we are in REM sleep. ii) What are the main purposes of sleeping? To give us rest and to allow us to dream. III. Possible causes of dreams (para. 4-6) i) Physiological Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals. ii) Reflection of inner fears. Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job. IV. Dream interpretation (para. 7-9) i) The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life. ii) Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father) left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen). iii) Most experts warm that dream interpretations should be treated with care. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) T 2)T 3)T 4)T 5)F 6)T 7)T 8)T 9)F 10)F Vocabulary 1. 1)explanation 2)enthusiasts 3)frustrating 4)popularity 5)unconscious 6)electrical 7)movements 8)recognizable 9)interpretation 10)countless A 1)asleep 2)sleepless 3)sleep 4)sleepy 5)asleep 6)slept 7)sleeping sleep 8
)sleeper Task B 1) submerged: (cause to) go below the surface of the sea river or lake (
使)沉没2 subculture: the behavior practice etc. associated with a group within a society亚文化3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water潜水艇4) subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway地下通道；(AmE) a railway that runs under the ground 地铁5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero零度以下的6) subtropical: related to an area near to t tropical area or typical of that area副热带的，亚热带的7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species （物种的）亚种8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard especially of intelligence低于正常的3. 1)progressed 2)puzzled 3)process 4)reflected 5)predict 6)advances 7)symbol 8)ancient 9)error 10)conscious 11)analysis 12)inner Translation 1. You will see that what I am saying now will come true. 2. The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students feel asleep. 3. The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology. 4. His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him. 5. The castle dates back to the 14th century. 6. She has never done anything for them whereas they have done everything they can for her. Part Four Writing and Translation 梦是心灵的谈话人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。尽管我们很多人意识到做梦的价值，希望了解我们在梦中的活动，但大多数人在睡眠中仍觉得像进入梦幻世界一样。有些人认为梦中的生活跟醒着的生活一样真实，而且在积极寻找方法控制睡眠时的思维活动，然而很少有人会将苏醒时发生的事情跟梦中发生的事情联系在一起。心理学家和心理玄学家在20世纪90年代普遍认为，我们的梦境包含着日常生活的内容。因此，学习记住并“挖掘”梦境是非常有用的。纵观历史，土著居民们曾特意集体漫游梦境以解决问题，并根据部落所梦见的未来生活设定方向。许多重要的科学发现就来源于梦境中发生事件。
Unit 6 Country Taboo Reasons India Cow 1. cows help plow the fields 2. cow manure can be used as fertilizer 3. cow manure can be dried and burned to make a cooking fire The United States Dog 1. Dogs serve as companions for people 2. Dogs serve as protection against thieves Ancient Egypt and Israel Pork 1. Pork cooked insufficiently may spread disease 2. People did not want to stay in one place to raise pigs Understanding the Details 1) nutrition religion the ways of life of different people 2) butterflies rats termites 3) calories protein 4) there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by railroads 5) they go wherever they want to in the streets; they can eat anything from the supplies of the foodsellers on the streets. Vocabulary 1. 1) common 2)appropriate 3) forbidden 4) supplies%) related 6) evidence 7)
requires 8)raise 9)spread 10)sufficiently 2. 1)disgusting 2)habit 3)insects 4)reasonable5)relatively 6)animals 7)harvested 8)grow 9)nearly10) other 11)altogether 12)consumed 13)avoided 14)popular 15)offers 16)served 17)would 18)enjoyed 19)considered 20)rejected G f b c h e I d a j Translation 1. We regard him as one of the best players in the game. 2. The scientist picked up those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a box. 3. The population of China is almost five times as large as that of the Unite States. 4. The reason why grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy. 5. She was standing by the window apparently quite calm and relaxed. 6. Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales. 7. She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light. 8. He could no longer be trusted after that incident. Further development D e b f g c a Writing and Translation 1. What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables. 2. Students from the North like pasta for example noodles and dumplings. 3. Students brought up near the sea ear seafood while those from West China enjoyed beef and lamb. 4. What is worth mentioning is that some girls are on a diet to keep a slim figure. 5. Food likes and dislikes vary from one student to anther. 6. Some students are keen on meat of all kinds while others prefer fruits and nuts. 7. In some families parents do most of the cooking while in others grandparents will take on the responsibility. 8. Generally speaking most of the students eat at school cafeterias but some students from wealthy families have meals in restaurants. 9. It is very surprising that some students often eat at restaurants because students don’t usually earn money. 10. Cooking traditionally undertaken by mothers has been often taken over by fathers nowadays.
Unit 7 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Main idea of the Passage A. Topic Sentence (para. 1): It’s rather difficult for a foreigner to slip into a culture without all his foreignness exposed. B. Supporting evidence: 1. Parting customs in China (para. 1-7) i) One custom: The host and hostess should say to guests words and phrases that will smooth over the visitors’ leaving and make them feel they will be welcome to come again. The author’s problem: She constantly found herself tongue-tied. Her solution: At first she often hid behind her husband and then she gradually picked up the words and phrases. ii) Another custom: The host and hostess feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point except those less important or younger visitors. A problem she met with a guest: She tried to discourage the host and hostess from seeing her off but failed. Her conclusion: It’s better to accept the inevitable. 2. Chinese modesty vs. American straightforwardness (para. 8-12) i) At a party when complimented for cooking skills A Chinese host or hostess will appear to be modest and apologize for giving “nothing”
even slightly edible and for not showing enough honor by providing proper dishes. An American hostess is likely to say “Oh I’m so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” ii) When talking about their children Chinese parents will say that their children even if at the top of their class in school are always so “naughty” never studying never listening to their elders and so forth. American parents will straightforwardly speak proudly of their children’s achievements. iii) Hearing the word “no” A Chinese will not take it the first time. An American will take it to mean “no”. C. Conclusion (para. 13) Life becomes much easier once you have studied up on cultural differences. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1)T 2)T 3)F 4)F 5)F 6)T 7)T 8)T Vocabulary 1. save a. help someone by making it unnecessary for them to do sth unpleasant or inconvenient b. keep money so that you can use it later especially when you gradually add more money over a period of time. 2. mission a. an important job that someone has been given to do especially when they are sent to another place. b. A group of important people who are sent by their government to another country to discuss sth or collect information. 3. do a. be suitable or acceptable b. cook 4. expose a. leave sth no longer covered or protected b. make known (sth secret) reveal 5. modesty a. behavior in which one avoids talking about one’s abilities qualities or possessions b. the quality or state of being not large in size or amount or not expensive 6. observe a. watch someone or sth carefully b. obey (a law rule or custom) 7. flight a. a set of stairs between one floor and the next b. a journey in a plane or space vehicle 8. bow a. v bend your body over something especially in order to see it more clearly b. n a knot of cloth or string with a curved part on either side used especially for decoration 9. pick up a. life sth up from a surface b. learn sth by watching or listening to other people 10. take a. need or require b. understand or interpret in a particular way 2. 1) expose: reveal 2)abrupt: sudden 3)accomplish: achieve 4) surpass: exceed 5) feasible: workable 6)assure: convince 7) discourage: dissuade 8) inevitable: unavoidable 9)farewell: goodbye 10) caution: warning 11)compliment: praise 12)honor: respect 13) proposal: suggestion 14) modify: change 15)frustration: disappointment 3. 1) with 2)arranged 3)majority 4)proportion/percentage 5)similar 6)reaches 7)including 8)backgroup 9)parents 10)if/whether 11)who 12)both 13)meetings 14)families 15)dating 16)before 17)decision 18)parents 19)marriage 20)rate Translation 1. If you sing the song several times you children will (begin to) pick up the words. 2. We tried to assure the nervous old man that flying/air travel was safe. 3. An inadequate supply of vitamin A may lead to night blindness. 4. I can use a computer but when it comes to computer repairing I know nothing about it. 5. Many a mother tries to have her dreams
realized by her daughter. 6. The bad weather discouraged people from attending the parade. 7. I gave him some pills to ease his pain. 8. The job involves traveling/working abroad three months each year. Part Four 1. 有事者事竟成。2. 乱七八糟3. 鸟以群分，物以类聚。4. 水火不容5. 有其父必有其子6. 眼不见，心不烦7. 没有不散的宴席8. 英雄所见略同9. 厨师多坏一锅汤10. 病从口入，祸从口出Unit 8 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1). Introduction (para. 1-5): We are people consumed by financial stress. 2). Worrying about money won’t di us any good. (para. 6-11)