以a开头英语单词及短语用法辨析
余年寄山水
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2020年08月01日 21:22
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敬颂-销烟的意思
【用法】1. 在以辅音或半元音开头的词前用a，而在以元音开头的词前用an。2. 单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加a / an，不要从汉语习惯出发漏掉此不定冠词，如不说He is famous film star.(应在famous前加a)。
able[5eIbl] adj. 有能力的；能干的：He is an able teacher. 他是位有能力的教师。/ She is old but still able. 她虽老但仍然很能干。
【短语】be able to 能，会：He is able to swim. 他会游泳。
about[E5baJt] prep. 关于；对于：I know all about it. 这件事我都知道。 adv. 大约：It is about ten o’clock. 大概10点钟了。
【短语】be about to 即将，马上(后接动词原形，注意该短语不与具体的时间状语连用)：He is about to return to his homeland. 他即将回乡。
【辨析】about与on：about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事, 其谈论的内容也较为普通；而 on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事，其论述的内容较正式或较为严肃。
above[E5bQv] prep. 在……上面：The lamp hangs above the bed. 灯挂在床的上方。
【短语】above all 首先，特别是：Never waste anything, but above all never waste time. 任何东西都不可浪费，特别是不可浪费时间。
【辨析】above与over：两者都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直方向的正上方，而 above 则不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方)。
abroad[E5brC:d] adv. 到国外，在国外：I want to study abroad in the future. 将来我想在国外学习。/ His friends are going abroad on holiday. 他的朋友准备出国休假。
【注意】abroad是副词，不是名词，所以不说 go to abroad, in the abroad 等。
accident[5AksIdEnt] n. 事故，灾难：There has been a traffic accident. 出了一次交通事故。/ That boy met with a bad accident last month. 上个月那个男孩出了很严重的事故。
【短语】by accident 偶然，无意中，不小心：We met each other again completely by accident.我们再次相遇，完全出于偶然。
across[E5krCs] prep. 穿过，横穿：Be careful across the road. 过马路要小心。
【注意】across 是介词，不是动词，与之意义相近的动词形式是 cross，注意不要混淆。
active[5Aktiv] adj. 积极的：He always takes an active part in the class activities. 他总是积极参加班上的活动。
【短语】be active in 积极参加：He is active in politics. 他积极参加政治活动。
ad[Ad] = advertisement[7AdvE5taizmEnt] n. 广告：The wall was covered with ads. 墙上贴满了广告。/ Do you like the ad for the KFC? 你喜欢肯德基的广告吗
？
address[E5dres] n. 地址：could you tell me your address? Maybe I can do you a favor. 可以告诉我你的地址吗？也许我能帮你。
afford[E5fC:d] v. 有足够的(钱，时间)做某事：Today many families can afford a car. 如今很多家庭买得起车。/ I cannot afford the time to go to the market today. 今天我抽不出时间去市场了。
【用法】通常与 can, be able to 等连用；后接动词时要用不定式，不用动名词。
afraid[E5freid] adj. 害怕的：Most people are afraid of snake. 大多数人都怕蛇。
【短语】be afraid of 害怕：He is afraid of nothing. 他什么都不怕。
【用法】是表语形容词，一般不能放在名词前作定语。
【辨析】 be afraid of doing sth 与 be afraid to do sth：两者均可表示“害怕做做某事”、“不敢做某事”，但若要表示担心可能会发生某事时，则只能用 be afraid of doing：I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤了她的感情。
Africa[5AfrIkE] n. 非洲：Africa is rich in minerals. 非洲矿产丰富。
after[5B:ftE] prep. & conj. 在……之后；在……后面：After class, we will have ten minutes to rest. 下课后，我们有10分钟的休息时间。/ Phone me after you get home. 到家后给我来电话。
【辨析】after 与 in：两者均可与一段时间连用表示“在……之后”，其区别是：after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，且通常与过去时态连用；而in则表示以现在为起点的一段时间以后。
afternoon[7B:ftE5nu:n] n. 下午，午后：In summer, children often don’t go out in the afternoon. 夏季的午后孩子门一般不出门。/ Let’s go swimming this afternoon. 今天下午去游泳吧。
again[E5gen] adv. 又，再：please say it again. 请再说一遍。/ The little boy made the same mistake again. 这个小男孩又犯了同样的错误。
【短语】 again and again 再三地，一再地，反复地：Our English teacher tells us to study hard again and again. 我们的英语老师反复地告诉我们要刻苦学习。
【用法】通常不与那些已经含有 again 意义的动词(如repeat, renew等)连用。
against[E5genst] prep. 对着，与……对抗：Our class plays against Class 2 in this basketball game. 这次篮球赛我们班对2班。
【注意】against是介词，不是动词，不能单独用作谓语。
age[eidV] n. 年龄：At the age of 12, my parents held a birthday party for me. 我12岁时，爸爸妈妈为我举办了一个生日宴会。/ What’s your age? 你多大年纪了？
ago[E5gEu] adv. 以前：How long ago did my mother leave? 我妈妈走了多久了？/ A week ago we began our summer holiday. 一个星期以前，暑假开始了。
【用法】通常与一般过去时连用。
agree[E5gri:] v. 同意，赞成：I agree with you o
n that point. 在那一点上我同意你的观点。/ Side A has agreed with the suggestion. 甲方已经同意了这项建议。
【短语】 agree with 同意……意见(想法)；符合，一致：We all agree with you. 我们大家都同意你的意见。/ Tom’s words don’t agree with his actions. 汤姆的言行不一致。
【说明】后接动词要用不定式，不用动名词。
air[eE] n. 天空，空气：Every morning I open the window to make the air in the room fresh again. 每天早晨我都会打开窗户，让房间里的空气清新。
【短语】in the air在空中：I see a bird in the air. 我看到一只鸟在天空中飞翔。in the open air在户外；在野外：We sometimes have a picnic in the open air. 有时我们在户外野炊。
airport[5eEpC:t] n. 飞机场：I’ll contact you when I reach the airport. 我到机场时再跟你联系。
alive[E5laiv] adj. 活着的：The fish is still alive. 鱼还是活的。/ He is alone, but lucky to be alive. 他孤单一人，但所幸还活着。
【辨析】alive, living和live：三者均可表示“活着的”，alive 主要作表语，可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：Are your grandparents still living? 你的祖父母还健在吗？ live 通常只用作定语(前置)，可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。
all[C:l] pron. 全体，全部：All can’t live without air. 所有的人离开空气都不能生存。adj. 所有的：All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 adv. 都；完全：The ground was all white after the snow fell. 下雪后地上一片白茫茫的.
【短语】 all by oneself独自，单独：He did his homework all by himself. 他独立完成了家庭作业。all day 一整天：We shall not read all day and had better spare time to consider. 我们不应该一天到晚地死读书，最好抽点时间来思考。all over遍及：My dream is to travel all over the world. 我的梦想是游遍全世界。all right好；行；不错：His study is always all right. 他的学习成绩一向不错。all the same 仍然，还是：She is busy but she insists on visiting her mother every week all the same. 虽然她很忙，但她仍然坚持每个星期都去看她的母亲。 all the year round 一年到头：Her father is busy with his business all the year round. 她爸爸一年到头都在忙生意(from )。
allow[E5lau] v. 允许，准许：We shall not allow a stranger inside. 我们不应该让陌生人进门。/ Are we allowed to sit down.?能允许我们坐下吗？/ We do not allow smoking in our office. 我们办公室里不允许吸烟。
【短语】 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事：We do not allow people to smoke here. 我们不许(人们)在此
吸烟(此地禁止吸烟)。
almost[5C:lmEust] adv. 几乎，差不多：He almost forgot the meeting this evening. 他差点儿忘了今晚的会议。/ He is almost as tall as I am. 他几乎有我这么高了。
【辨析】almost和nearly：两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用。almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用。如：Almost any man can do it.几乎任何人都会做。nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如：The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。
alone[E5lEun] adv. 独自，单独地：I want to talk with you alone. 我想和你单独谈谈。adj.单独的，独自的：I was alone in the house.房子里只有我一个人。
along[E5lCN] prep. 沿着，顺着：After supper, I like to go for a walk along the river. 晚饭后，我喜欢沿着河边散步。adv. 一道，一起：My sister brought me along. 我姐姐把我也带去了。
already[C:l5redi] adv. 已经：I have already seen that film three times. 那场电影我已经看过三遍了。
also[5C:lsEu] adv. 也：He can speak English, and also French. 他不但会说英语，还会说法语。/ Beth also is fond of singing. 贝思也喜欢唱歌。
although[C:l5TEu] conj. 虽然，尽管：Although we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了最大的努力，但还是输了。
【注意】如果句子中使用了连词although，那么不再使用并列连词but。
always[5C:lweiz] adv. 总是，一直，经常：Why do you always get up so late? 你为什么老起这么晚？
amaze[E5meiz] v. 使……大为惊讶，使惊愕：She was amazed that he was still alive. 他居然还活着使她感到惊异。/ He amazed everyone by passing his driving test. 他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇。
【短语】be amazed at / by对……感到惊讶：I was amazed at / by her calmness. 我对她的镇定感到吃惊。
amazing[E5meiziN] adj. 令人惊奇的，惊人的：The experiment was an amazing success. 实验取得了惊人的成功。/ What an amazing film! 多么了不起的一部影片啊！
America[E5merikE] n. 美国：(= the United States of America)
American[E5merikEn] n. & adj. 美国人(的)：Americans make very good ice-cream.美国人做的冰淇淋很好。
among[E5mQN] prep. 在……当中：He was waiting for his son among a crowd.他在人群中等他的儿子。
【辨析】among和between：among 一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……中间”，其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词。如：They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。between 一般指两者之间，其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词，或者是
由 and 连接的两个人或物。如：There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。
and[End] conj. 和，又，而：We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫。/ He is able to read and write. 他能读又能写。
【短语】and so on等等：They sell pens, pencils, paper and so on. 他们出售钢笔、铅笔、纸张等等。
angry[5ANgri] adj. 发怒的，生气的：I lost the key and my father was angry. 我把钥匙弄丢了，爸爸很生气。/ He was so angry with his brother. 他很生弟弟的气。
【短语】 be angry with sb对某人发脾气：Parents had better not often be angry with children. 父母最好不要经常对孩子发脾气。be angry at / about sth 对某事生气：He is always getting angry about something. 他总是为一些事生气。
animal[5Animl] n. 动物：Monkey is a kind of wild animal. 猴子是一种野生动物。/ There are a lot of animals in the zoo. 动物园里有许多动物。
another[E5nQTE] adj.& pron. 另一个(的)；又一个(的)：I need to buy another book. 我还需要买一本书。/ Would you like another cup of tea? 你想再喝一杯茶吗？
【用法】泛指不确定数目中的“另外任何一个”。
answer [5B:nsE] v. 回答：I can answer this question. 我能回答这个问题。/ He answered that he knew nothing about it.他答复说关于此事他一点儿也不知道。
any [5eni] adj.什么；一些；任何的：Do you need any help? 你需要什么帮助吗？/ Do ask, if you have any questions. 如果有问题，一定要问。
【用法】常用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。
【短语】any more 再，更：He was not naughty any more. 他不再淘气了。/ They don’t live here any more. 他们现在不再住在这里了。
anybody[5enibCdi] pron. 任何人：Has anybody seen my ball pen? 有人看到我的圆珠笔了吗？/ If he doesn’t know how is anybody else to know? 如果他都不知道还有什么人会知道？
anything[5eniWiN] pron. 任何事(物)：We can do anything we like. 我们想干什么都行。/ If you want anything to drink please tell me? 如果你想喝点什么请告诉我。
appear[E5piE] v. 出现，露面：After the storm, a rainbow appeared in the sky. 暴雨过后天空出现了彩虹。/ To my surprise he suddenly appeared. 他的突然出现使我吃了一惊。
apple[5Apl] n. 苹果：Apple is one of my favorite fruits. 苹果是我最喜欢的水果之一。/ There is an apple tree in front of my house. 我家门前有一棵苹果树。
April[5eiprEl] n. 四月：The first day of April is Fool’s Day. 4月1日是愚人节。/ April is the season of flowers. 四月是鲜花盛开的季节。
arm[B:m] n. 手臂，胳膊：His arm hurt after he fell down. 他摔倒后弄伤了胳膊
【短语】arm in arm 手挽手地：Lily and Lucy walked arm in arm.
丽丽和露西手挽手地走着。
around[E5raund] prep. 在……周围，环绕着：The moon moves around the earth. 月球绕着地球转。/ Students stood all around their teacher. 学生们围着老师站着。
arrive[E5raiv] v. 到达，抵达某地：At 7 o’clock, we arrived the railway station.我们7点钟到了火车站。/ He was tired when he arrived home. 他到家时非常疲倦。
【辨析】arrive, get 和reach：三者均可表示“到达”，区别如下：arrive 和 get 都是不及物动词，前者较正式，后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可直接接宾语，但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。reach 通常是及物动词(较get 更正式)，其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。
art[B:t] n. 艺术；艺术品：She is going to art school in New York. 她要去上纽约的艺术学校。/ A work of art is the wisdom of artists. 艺术品是艺术家智慧的结晶。
as[Ez] conj. 按照，如同；因为，由于：The child always do as his mother say. 这个小孩总是按照他妈妈说的做。/ I didn’t buy the dress, as I thought it was too expensive. 我没有买那件衣服，因为我认为它太贵了。prep.作为：As a good teacher, he cares about his students very much. 作为一名好老师，他很关心自己的学生。
【短语】as if 好像：It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。as long as 假如，如果，只要 ：I won’t forget as long as I live. 我一辈子都忘不了。as usual 像平常一样：It is raining heavily but I go to school as usual. 虽然雨下得很大，但我还是像平常一样去上学。as well 也；又；同样的：Tom was praised by his teacher as well. 汤姆也得到了老师的表扬。as…as 与……一样：Paul has already been as tall as his father. 保罗已经和父亲一样高了。not as / so…as与……不一样：This coat is not so beautiful as that one. 这件外套不如那件好看。
ask[B:sk] v. 问：She asked whether I wanted tea or coffee. 她问我要茶还是咖啡。/ He asked me the time. 他问我时间。
【短语】ask for 请求；询问：I helped her ask for sick leave. 我帮她请了病假。
asleep[E5sli:p] adj. 睡着的，熟睡的：As soon as he went to bed, he fell asleep. 他一倒在床上就睡着了。/ The child in the photo was fast asleep. 照片中的那个孩子睡得好熟。
【注意】asleep 是形容词，而sleep是动词。
assistant[E5sistEnt] n. 助手，助理：My assistant will come to meet you.我的助手将来和你见面。/ What is the laboratory assistant doing? I seldom can find him. 实验室助理员在忙什么？我很少能找到他。
at[Et] prep. 在：He left his textbook at home. 他把课本忘在了家里。/ At eight o’clock I will go to the movies. 在8点钟时我要去看电影。
【短语】at all
(用于否定句)一点也不：He didn’t like it at all. 他根本不喜欢它。at breakfast 早餐时：At breakfast, mother has already prepared for lunch. 早餐的时候，妈妈已经为中餐做好了准备。at home 在家：In winter holiday I would rather stay at home than go out. 寒假我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。at least 至少，起码：The book has 400 pages at least. 这本书至少有400页。at midnight 在半夜：At midnight I had a nightmare.半夜我做了一个噩梦。at night 在晚上，在夜里：He went to evening school at night. 晚上他去上过夜校。at school 在学校：We don’t stay at school at the weekends. 周末我们不呆在学校。at sea 在大海上：A ship is sailing at sea. 一艘轮船在大海上航行。at the age of 在……岁时：At the age of 10 he had already entered the middle school. 他10岁就上了初中。at the beginning of 开始；……起初：At the beginning of football game, our class got 2 scores。足球赛刚开始我们班就进了两个球。at the end of 在……结尾，到……尽头：At the end of street, there is a bar. 街的尽头有一家酒吧。at the head of 在……的前头：At the head of classroom there is a blackboard and platform. 教室的前面是黑板和讲台。at the moment 此刻：I’m afraid she’s busy at the moment. 很抱歉，她现在很忙。at the same time 同时：I can’t think about more than one thing at the same time. 我不能一心二用。at times 有时，偶尔：He laughs at me at times. 他有时会嘲笑我。
attack[E5tAk] v. 攻击，袭击：Three men attacked him and stole his money. 三个人袭击了他，抢走了他的钱。
attract[E5trAkt] v. 吸引：Flowers attract bees. 花吸引蜜蜂。/ The film star attracts many fans. 这位电影明星吸引了大群的影迷。
August[5C:gEst] n. 8月：Middle Autumn Day is in August. 中秋节在八月。
aunt[B:nt] n. 姨母，舅母；姑母，伯母，婶母：Please say hello to my aunt. 请代我向姨妈问好。
Australia[C5streiljE] n. 澳大利亚：What’s the population of Australia? 澳大利亚的人口是多少？
autumn[5C:tEm] n. 秋天，秋季：It is cool in Autumn. 秋天天气凉爽。/ I knew him last autumn. 我是去年秋天认识他的。
awake[E5weik] adj. 清醒的：We shall keep awake when we have an exam. 考试时我们要保持头脑清醒。
【短语】be awake 醒着的：I was awake when mother called me. 妈妈叫我的时候我已经醒了。
away[E5wei] adv. 离开：How long will you be away? 你将离开多久？