大学英语备课笔记第二课修订版(附课后练习答案)
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der啥意思-玺怎么读
New words
1. heated: a. with strong, exited, and often angry feelings
---The two professors started a heated debate on whether intellectuals should go into business.
---It was a very heated argument and people were shouting at each other.
2. unexpected: a. not expected
---The weather change is so unexpected that many people shudder in the wind.
---The old woman was shocked by the unexpected death of his son.
---The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 was an unexpected event which brought American into World War ц.
3. shortly: ad. soon; in a little time; presently; briefly
---He died shortly after the car crash.
4. colonial a.
colonialism:
colonialist:
colonel:
5. outgrow: vt. leave behind, as one grows older or more mature
---Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.
---Jimmy has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago.
6. major: n.
mayor: n
7. contract: (1)make or become tighter or narrower
---Frown contracted his brow when he was deep in thought.
---Her stomach contracted at the sight of a dead rat.
(2)make or become smaller or shorter
---Metal contracts as it cools.
8. motion: (1)vi. vt. give a signal by moving the hand or head
---She motioned (to) me to come into the room.
(2)n. the act, manner or state of moving
---Parts of the film were shown again in slow motion.
---Press this button to set the machine motion.
---He made a motion with his hand, as if to tell me to come on.
9. likely: (1)adj. Probable
---Ms. White is a likely candidate for the job.
---It is likely to rain.
(2)adv. Probably
---Very likely he will forget all about it.
10. impulse: n. sudden wish to do sth.
---Don’t act on impulse. You will regret later.
---The goods are arranged in such an attractive way that customs feel an impulse to buy them.
11. commanding: a. authoritative
12. forfeit: vt. suffer the loss of sth. as a punishment
---If you don’t return the article to the shop within a week, you will forfeit your chance of getting your money back.
13. image: n. statue
14. emerge: vi. come or appear from somewhere; come out
---The moon emerged from behind the clouds.
---New problems emerged when old ones are solved.
Phrases & expressions
1. track down: find by determined searching or hunting
---By careful examination, the doctors hope to track down the source of the infection.
---The police were determined to track down the criminal wherever he might be hiding.
2. be seated: sit down
---The hall can seat 500 people.
---Please be seated, ladies and gentleman.
---When I turned to the person seated /sitting next to me, I recognized that he was my schoolmate.
3. spring up: begin suddenly; grow up quickly
---Shouts of protest sprang up from the angry crowd.
---It was rather warm all day. But towards evening a cold wind sprang up.
4. at the sight of: on seeing
---Tom’s mouth watered at the sight of the big pudding.
---E
mma felt her flesh crawling at the sight of these small insects.
5. feel like: feel a desire for; be inclined for or to
feel like sth.
feel like doing sth.
---What a lovely weather! I do feel like a swim.
---He is so sick today that he does not feel like having anything to eat.
6. come to: return to consciousness
---The driver came to slowly after the accident.
---The old woman fainted on the street and found herself in the first aid room when she came to.
7. make for: go towards; start in the direction of
---At the first sight of dawn the warships made for the open sea.
---While all the other passengers made for the exit ,he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.
8. ring out: sound loudly and clearly
---Cheers rang out from the group waiting in front of the building.
---A gunshot rang out from behind the building.
9. light up: make or become bright with light or color
---The hunter’s face (was) lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and made for the trap he had laid.
---In the past, not many shop windows were lit up at night.
Text
1. A heated discussion about whether men are braver than women is settled in an unexpected way.
in a … way:
in the way:
by the way:
on the way:
---Nothing must stand in the way of our plans.
---I couldn’t get through the gate because your car is in the way.
---I saw the accident on the way to work.
2. I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true----though any naturalist would know it couldn’t be.
在用as if, no matter what, once, though/although, unless, until, when, where, whether, while 等引导的从句中，若谓语动词为be，而主语又与主句的主语相同时，从句的主语和谓语动词be常省略。
---When (water is ) pure, water is colorless liquid.
---The cotton-plants are in full bloom as if (they were) covered with snow.
3. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down.倒装句，宾语前置。
4. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party.
give a dinner party: hold a dinner party
dine: vi. to eat dinner
---I am going to dine with the colonel tonight.
diner: n. a person who dines
breakfast—dinner—supper or tea
breakfast—lunch—dinner
5. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.
“jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse” is a compound adjective formed from the attributive clause “(the era) when they would jump on a chair at the sight of a mouse”.
a not-so-easy-to-operate machine
6. A woman’s reaction in any crisis is to cream.
The “be + infinitive” structure is often used to talk about planned arrangements or indicate duty, necessity, etc.e.g.
---The medicine is to be taken three times a day after meals.
---Bob and Susan are to
get married in October.
7. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control that a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.
(1)while: conj. Although; during the time that; whereas; as long as
---While David loves his daughter, he is strict with her. (=although)
---While the other boys and girls were playing on the sportsground, she alone remained in the classroom reading.(=during the time that)
---The work is easy for an expert, while it is difficult for an unexpected person.(=whereas)
---While there is life, there is hope.(=as long as )
(2)count: vi. be of value or important; vi. vt. to say or name the numbers in order
---It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
---We mustn’t relax, every minute counts.
---Count 20 then come and find me.
8. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess.
当不定式用在feel, see, watch, hear, listen to, look at, make, notice, have, let等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式可不带to。
---Father had my brother wash the car yesterday.
---She made me sit at the table.
当动词see, make, hear用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to。
---Was anyone seen to go out?
---I was made to feel at ease when Einstein showed me a Yo-Yo.
9. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly.
这是独立主格结构的句型。
---Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.
---Hydrogen is the lightest of all gases, its density being about one fourteenth that of air.
---All things considered, the house is a good buy.
---He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone.
10. He knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking.
frighten sb. into doing sth. : cause sb. to do sth. by frightening
---A snake emerged from behind the rock. This frightened the little girl into screaming.
---He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was the son of a millionaire.
---The girl persuaded her father into giving up smoking.
Exercises
Comprehension of the text
3
1.c 2.b 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.c
4 (Omitted)
Vocabulary
5
1. bare
2. empty
3. empty
4. bare
5. empty
6. bare
bare: a. not covered (with a carpet); naked; bald表面上没有覆盖物的，empty内部空的，空虚的
---He is so shy that he dare not look at her bare shoulders.
---After years of efforts, those originally bare hills are now covered with young trees.
---So the naturalist went on for another ten miles with the empty stomach.
---The millionaire’s daughter left her parents’ home because she didn’t want to leave an empty and meaningless life.
6
1. shortly
2. track down
3. faint
4. motioned
5. at the sight of
6. feel like
7. slightly
8. range out
9. contract
10. made for
11. heated
12. emerged
7
1. host
2
. sprang up
3. impulse
4. tone
5. track down
6. unexpected
7. outgrow
8. widened
9. shortly
10. emerge/spring up
11. at the sight of
12. made for
8
1. Jim has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago.
2. Does the doctor think the eldly lady is likely to survive the operation/it likely that the eldly lady will survive the operation?
3. The other day your cousin paid us an unexpected visit.
4. Don’t you see the nurse motioning us to be silent?
5. Her face (was) lit up with joy at his return.
6. The sound of her footsteps grew fainter as she walked farther and farther away.
The other day:不久前的一天
Word Building
9
additional advantageous anxious conditional
courageous curious dangerous educational
emotional famous industrial intentional
medical mountainous musical mysterious
national occasional personal practical
The suffix –ous can be added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning “have much”, “full of ” or “causing”.
advantageous; dangerous; anxious; industrious; famous.
The suffix –al can be added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning “of”.
additional; conditional; emotional; international; educational.
10
a heated discussion colored flags
a pigtailed girl a gifted musician
a bearded old man a pointed roof
an experienced teacher an aged woman
a skilled worker a diseased plant
Structure
11
1. During the time that
2. As long as
3. Although
4. as long as
5. Whereas
6. Although
7. Whereas
8. Although
12
1. They frightened the child into telling the truth.
2. He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was the son of a millionaire.
3. My tactless words forced the old gentleman into buying something he could not possibly afford.
4. He finally talked me into accepting his terms.
5. The girl persuaded her father into giving up smoke.
6. Their severe criticism shocked her into realizing her selfishness.
13
1. Guests are to be back in the hotel by twelve o’clock.
2. An investigation is to be made next week.
3. I am to meet them at the airport.
4. You are to finish your homework before you watch TV.
5. The medicine is to be taken three times a day after meals.
6. Bob and Susan are to get married in October.
Close
14
(A)
(1) host (2) heated (3) argument (4) impulse (5) tone
(6) Shortly (7) emerged (8) slam (9) crawled (10)crisis
(B)
(1)corner (2)attention (3)noticed (4)shining (5)directed
(6)There (7)bed (8)snake (9)its (10)feet
(11)from (12)howeve
r (13)do (14)as (15)forward
(16)neither (17)still (18)if (19)through (20)floor
(21)pulling (22)under (23)cried (24)out (25)to
(26)where (27)made (28)eyes
Translation
15
1. Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.
2. The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.
3. Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.
4. While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.
5. The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.
6. While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.
7. What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?
8. The hunter’s face (was) lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of/ make for the trap he had laid.
READING ACTIVETY
Exercise A
1. having elastic quality 有弹性的
2. a person who sets speed for others定速者
3. catch up with and pass赶上；超过
4. become stiff变僵硬
5. talk in an informal manner闲谈
6. able to be noticed显而易见的
7. the noun form of “springy”弹性
8. the line that marks the end of a race终点线
9. the adverb form of “athlete” 在运动方面
10. the noun form of “similar”相似之处
Exercise B
1． T
2． F(He was still confident, thinking he would overtake her later on.)
3． T
4． F(He did not completely give up hope at that time.)
5． T
6． T
7． F(The similarities between male and female runners are more important than the differences.)
Exercise C
1． 那是九月初的一天，天气凉爽而又晴朗，正是赛跑的好日子。我参加了一项10.5英里越野赛跑，才跑了最初几英里；整个赛程要穿越若干陡峭、耗人体力的山坡。
2． 这种步速我跑起来觉得很轻松，所以我决定保持在原有的位置上。既然她在前面领跑对我很合适，我又何必费心考虑步速呢？
3． 她步幅很大，脚下的弹性仍显而易见，而我曾一度有过的那么一点弹性，早已离开了我脚下。
4． 我们离终点线只有1英里了，因此在这一斜坡上无论发生什么情况，恢复生产可以肯定都会决定谁率先冲过终点线。
5． 然而，正如佩吉．米姆诺所清楚表明的，男女赛跑选手之间的相同之处要比他们之间的不同之处更重要。