T-Splines-教程
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Organic Modeling for Industrial Design with T-Splines
and Rhino.4, using the tsSkin command
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
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Background: Ideation phase
Product development, and in particular products
claiming an ergonomic benefit, are often derived
from working with physical models.
In this case, the issue was an ergonomic mouse
that I’ve developed based on medical research.
Shapefinding started with clay models and I knew
early on I was aiming for an organic shape. Model-
ing this with NURBS would be very tedious.
Background: Ideation phase
Product development, and in particular products
claiming an ergonomic benefit, are often derived
from working with physical models.
In this case, the issue was an ergonomic mouse
that I’ve developed based on medical research.
Shapefinding started with clay models and I knew
early on I was aiming for an organic shape. Model-
ing this with NURBS would be very tedious.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
x0c
Background: Preparation for input curves
Moving over to a more firm material
- foamed polyurethane - the shape
of the mouse started to settle.
To prepare for the 3D modeling, I
traced lines on the model to mark
enough curves to define the shape.
These curves would later be used
for building the surfaces.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
Background: Preparation for input curves
Moving over to a more firm material
- foamed polyurethane - the shape
of the mouse started to settle.
To prepare for the 3D modeling, I
traced lines on the model to mark
enough curves to define the shape.
These curves would later be used
for building the surfaces.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
x0c
Preparation: Using a digitizer to capture curves
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T
Copyright . 2007 Syse and TCopyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
-Splines inc.-Splines inc.
Using a digitizer arm, the curves traced on the physical model
are easily transferred into NURBS curves in Rhino. 4.
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Preparation: Refining the curve layout
Tracing with a digitizer will not produce perfect results, and
most often the output curves will need to be tended to.
The raw curves were manipulated, rebuilt and somewhat
reorganized in order to match up and provide better input
for the T-Splines tsSkin command.
I also added additional curves using the InterpCrv com-
mand.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
Preparation: Refining the curve layout
Tracing with a digitizer will not produce perfect results, and
most often the output curves will need to be tended to.
The raw curves were manipulated, rebuilt and somewhat
reorganized in order to match up and provide better input
for the T-Splines tsSkin command.
I also added additional curves using the InterpCrv com-
mand.
Copyright . 2007 B
Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
x0c
T-Splines STEP 1
Select input curves
Select all the curves defining the
shape and run the tsSkin com-
mand.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T
Copyright . 2007 Syse and TCopyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
-Splines inc.-Splines inc.
x0c
T-Splines STEP 2 Curve intersection
The tsSkin command divides the curve network
according to the tolerance set. A larger tolerance value
will regard curves that are farther apart as touching.
Keep your eye on the numbers. They will tell you how
many curve divisions are intersecting a certain cross-
ing. If the value is lower than the actual number of
curve ends meeting, the tolerance can be increased.
For best results, see to it that the curves really are
touching before skinning, and use a low tolerance.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
T-Splines STEP 2 Curve intersection
The tsSkin command divides the curve network
according to the tolerance set. A larger tolerance value
will regard curves that are farther apart as touching.
Keep your eye on the numbers. They will tell you how
many curve divisions are intersecting a certain cross-
ing. If the value is lower than the actual number of
curve ends meeting, the tolerance can be increased.
For best results, see to it that the curves really are
touching before skinning, and use a low tolerance.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
x0c
T-Splines STEP 3 Topology - the distribution of the surface
When previewing the topology, simple surfaces are
generated to visualize and provide an interface for
changing the distribution of the surface. This is basical-
ly just a way of telling the plugin where you would like
surfaces, and where you would like openings/holes.
In my case, I wanted a closed surface, so by clicking
the surrounding edges I turned on all faces.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
T-Splines STEP 3 Topology - the distribution of the surface
When previewing the topology, simple surfaces are
generated to visualize and provide an interface for
changing the distribution of the surface. This is basical-
ly just a way of telling the plugin where you would like
surfaces, and where you would like openings/holes.
In my case, I wanted a closed surface, so by clicking
the surrounding edges I turned on all faces.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
x0c
T-Splines STEP 4 Adjusting the fitting
With fitting turned on, there are a few ways of adjust-
ing the behaviour of the surface. Without knowing the
exact mechanism behind how these work, one can
easily tweak by trial and error using the preview but-
ton.
Here I’m adjusting a parameter making the surf
ace
flow tighter along the original curves.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
T-Splines STEP 4 Adjusting the fitting
With fitting turned on, there are a few ways of adjust-
ing the behaviour of the surface. Without knowing the
exact mechanism behind how these work, one can
easily tweak by trial and error using the preview but-
ton.
Here I’m adjusting a parameter making the surface
flow tighter along the original curves.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
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Manual tweaking
Compared to working with NURBS patches, the T-
Spline remains a single editable surface, and even
better, will have up to 70% less control points
situated only where needed. This makes it a charm
when it comes to tweaking the surface to adjust
the shape.
If more control is needed, extra points can be
added using tsInsertPoint. In order to sim-
plify the shape, points can be removed with ts-
Delete.
Manual tweaking
Compared to working with NURBS patches, the T-
Spline remains a single editable surface, and even
better, will have up to 70% less control points
situated only where needed. This makes it a charm
when it comes to tweaking the surface to adjust
the shape.
If more control is needed, extra points can be
added using tsInsertPoint. In order to sim-
plify the shape, points can be removed with ts-
Delete.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T
Copyright . 2007 Syse and TCopyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
-Splines inc.-Splines inc.
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T-Splines are converted into NURBS patchwork
After converting to NURBS, the curvature continu-
ity between patches is preserved.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
T-Splines are converted into NURBS patchwork
After converting to NURBS, the curvature continu-
ity between patches is preserved.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines ght . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
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Post work: adding details
With the overall shape readily modeled
in T-Splines, details are added using
any given NURBS technique.
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T
Copyright . 2007 Syse and TCopyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
-Splines inc.-Splines inc.
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Render and physical model side by side
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
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About the author
Syse is on his final year of Industrial Design studies in
Visby, Sweden. He concurrently works as a consultant specializing
in 3D-modeling and visualization.
contact information:
bjorn@
/
Copyright . 2007 Syse and T-Splines inc.
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